CN107241992A - Knot to semiarid region gentle slope furrow collection rain implantation methods - Google Patents
Knot to semiarid region gentle slope furrow collection rain implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN107241992A CN107241992A CN201710462176.2A CN201710462176A CN107241992A CN 107241992 A CN107241992 A CN 107241992A CN 201710462176 A CN201710462176 A CN 201710462176A CN 107241992 A CN107241992 A CN 107241992A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The furrow collection rain implantation methods of the invention that knot with disclosing a kind of semiarid region gentle slope.The present invention includes step：Ridging makees ditch, fertilising, Ji Yulong coverings, sowing, builds in ditch maintenance after knotting ridge, field management, harvest and harvest.Using soil moisture and crop yield can be increased after the present invention, ground temperature can be increased, increase arable layer mineral elements content, fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, soil physical property can be improved, increase soil porosity 1 10%, reduction unit weight 0.02 0.3g cm‑3, increase soil granular structure 1.5%.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to furrow collection rain implantation methods, more particularly to a kind of semiarid region gentle slope ground furrow collection rain that knots
Implantation methods.
Background technology
Semi-arid hill area of Loess Plateau has rainfall resource shortage, vegetation coverage is low, the shallow, landform of soil fertility layer
The features such as ravines and guillies criss-cross, severe water and soil erosion, ecology fragility, arid and soil erosion are restriction area's grain security production and passed through
Help principal element (Li XY, Xie Z, Yan X, the et al.Runoff characteristics of artificial developed
materials for rainwater harvesting in the semiarid regions ofChina[J]
.Agriculture Water Management,2004,65:211-224.).The region is based on hilly and mountainous land, sloping upland face
Product and the ratio of total area under cultivation are 60%-70%, and the ratio that sloping upland soil erosion amount accounts for total land erosion amount is 50%-
60%, sloping upland is that (Liu Xuefeng, Zhang Fu, Zhang Bailin wait to settle down in the region runoff and the silt loss main source that produces
Feature of runoff and sediment yield [J] the water and soil conservations circular of Watershed difference plant measures sloping upland, 2014,34 (4):17-20.).
In the plantation of traditional furrow collection rain, when by torrential rain, when the intensity of rainfall+runoff exceedes soil infiltration intensity
When, there is point-like ponding in traditional ditch ridge collection rain planting technology ditch, increase with water accumulating volume, point-like ponding expands to planar ponding.
When depth of accumulated water exceedes certain depth, planar ponding starts to flow and collect to lower, and runoff selection ridge face is relatively low or fills
Not tight ridge is passage, and runoff holds silt under the arm and flow, and takes away Topsoil Water and nutrient, cause soil erosion (Zhao H,
XiongYC,Li FM,et al.Plastic film mulch for half growing-season maximized WUE
and yield of potato via moisture-temperature improvement in a semi-arid
agroecosystem.Agricultural Water Management,2012,104:68–78.)。
In traditional furrow collection rain implant system, knotting ridge is set at a certain distance, so as to form knotting furrow collection in ditch
Rain implant system.Hillside fields sets knotting ridge main purpose to be by rainfall and runoff intercept in ditch, it is to avoid runoff in ditch to
Lower is locally collected, when running into heavy rain, can disperse the excessive moisture of water conservancy diversion storm runoff generation, slow down moisture and flowed in ditch
Dynamic speed, increases runoff holdup time in ditch, so as to be effectively reduced table runoff, the soil erosion and land deterioration (Araya
A,Stroosnijder L.Effects oftiedridges and mulch on barley rainwater use
efficiency andproduction in Northern Ethiopia[J].Agricultural Water
Management,2010,97:841-847.)。
Knotting ditch ridge collection rain planting technology has increase labour, the shortcomings of reducing drilling class crop groups quantity.If
The collection rain implantation methods design of knotting ditch ridge is unreasonable, will not have water conservation and effect of increasing production, on the contrary, easily causes dam break effect and water
The disasters such as soil loss.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to avoid prior art defect, and the furrow collection rain that knots with proposing a kind of semiarid region gentle slope
Implantation methods, when by torrential rain, when the intensity of rainfall+runoff exceedes soil infiltration intensity, solve traditional furrow at present
Collection rain plantation causes the problems such as soil nutrient and water loss.
The semiarid region gentle slope ground furrow collection rain implantation methods following steps that knot of the present invention：
(1) ditch is made in ridging：Gentle slope (5 ° -20 °) along contour with sedentary soil build Ji Yulong, collection rain monopolization face shape
Shape is semicircle, collects the rain a height of 15-20cm in ridge, integrate rain ridge bottom width as 35-40cm, the upper ridge faces of Ji Yulong and groove face angle be 5 °-
10 °, Ji Yulong Xia Long faces and groove face angle are 50 ° -60 °；Between adjacent two Ji Yulong ridge pin be ditch, ditch as growing area,
Furrow width is about 60cm, and the ditch gradient is about 0 °, and it is to slow down runoff in gentle slope ground flowing velocity that ditch major advantage is made in ridging, with good
Soil and water conservation effect, correlation test shows there is optimum efficiency when Ji Yulong meets above-mentioned reference；
(2) apply fertilizer：Calcium superphosphate 350-420kg hm-2With urea 220-300kg hm-2As base manure, preceding 2 seed manure is sowed
Material mixing is sprinkling upon soil surface in ditch, then ploughs under soil, fertilization depth 20-30cm；
(3) Ji Yulong is covered：Using materials such as common plastic film, biodegradable mulch film, liquid ground film or charcoals
Cover Ji Yulong；Ji Yulong coverings major advantage is increase soil moisture, ground temperature, arable layer mineral elements content and makees produce
Amount；
(4) sow：Bunch planting or drilling are taken, the long-term cropping in ditch；
(5) knot：Fetched earth in ditch and build knotting ridge, knotting monopolization face is shaped as semicircle, knotting ridge is highly about 10-
15cm, knotting ridge length is approximately equal to furrow width, i.e. 60cm, knotting ridge bottom width be about between 20cm, knotting ridge ridge pin distance be 2.5-
5m；Knotting ridge arrangement mode is to be staggered in adjacent ditch；It is to carry out rainfall and runoff in ditch to set knotting ridge major advantage
Intercept, it is to avoid runoff locally collects in ditch to lower, runoff decrease flowing velocity in ditch, when increase runoff is detained in ditch
Between, so as to be effectively reduced table runoff, the soil erosion and land deterioration；
(6) field management：In the crop time of infertility, sowing time basal dressing 1 time, not spraying fertilizer, using artificial weeding；Utilize
Natural precipitation, without irrigating；
(7) harvest：Using hand harvest bunch planting or drilling crop, hand harvest major advantage be maintain easily Ji Yulong and
Knotting ridge shapes and sizes；
(8) safeguarded after harvesting；After crop harvesting, Ji Yulong and knotting ridge shapes and sizes are safeguarded.
The semiarid region gentle slope of the present invention the soil moisture content on the ridge that suitably knots in the furrow collection rain implantation methods that knot be
14%-19%, manual plank pats knotting ridge and suitably pats intensity for 1.7-2.5kPa.Suitable soil water content and suitable beating
Intensity easily forms soil crust, and soil crust can reduce evaporation and produce more runoffs
Preferentially, knotted to semiarid region gentle slope of the invention furrow collection rain implantation methods, and the step (4) described in it is broadcast
Kind：To bunch planting class crop, potato and corn seeding density are respectively 0.8-1.2 × 105Strain hm-2With 4.8-5.2 × 104Strain hm-2, depth of planting is respectively 15-20cm and 8-10cm；To drilling class crop, alfalfa, oat and spring wheat application rate difference
For 20-22.5kg hm-2、120-140kg hm-2With 225-270kg hm-2；Alfalfa depth of planting be 1-2cm, oat and
Spring wheat depth of planting is 3-5cm.
Preferentially, knot to semiarid region gentle slope of the invention furrow collection rain implantation methods, in the collection rain of the step (3)
Ridge is covered：The 1-2 months are using common plasticses covering with ground sheeting Ji Yulong prior to seeding；Height is 2-3mm to common plasticses mulch film from the ground；
Common plasticses mulch film embedment ridge side depth of soil is 2-3cm；Step (5) knots, and is 5 ° -8 ° in terrain slope, suitably knot ridge
Distance is 4.5-5.0m between the pin of ridge.
Preferentially, knot to semiarid region gentle slope of the invention furrow collection rain implantation methods, the collection rain of its step (3)
Ridge is covered：Use biodegradable covering with ground sheeting Ji Yulong within 7 days prior to seeding；The pulling force of biodegradable covering with ground sheeting is common
The pulling force 1/6-1/8 of mulch film；Height is 3-5mm to biodegradable mulch film from the ground；Biodegradable mulch film is embedded to ridge side soil
Depth is 5-10cm；Step (5) knots, and is 8 ° -11 ° in terrain slope, suitably distance is 4.0-4.5m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge,
Biodegradable covering with ground sheeting can degrade in advance too early, not have Water-saving effect, but biodegradable covering with ground sheeting meeting again too late
Crop sowing process is influenceed, therefore the cover time of Biodegradable films is pressed row 7 days prior to seeding by the present invention, and biology can be made to drop
Solution produces optimal technique effect.
Preferentially, knot to semiarid region gentle slope of the invention furrow collection rain implantation methods, the collection rain of its step (3)
Ridge is covered：Using liquid film mulching Ji Yulong, before liquid ground film is sprayed, powdery liquid ground film and water are pressed 1:15 mix
Close, mixed liquor stirring 5-10min after powdery liquid ground film fully dissolves, is uniformly sprayed mixed liquor in collection rain with sprayer
Ridge surface, the powdery liquid ground film amount of spraying is 90kg hm-2, the mixed liquor amount of applying is 1440kg hm-2；Described step (5) is beaten
Knot, is 11 ° -14 ° in terrain slope, suitably distance is 3.5-4.0m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge.
Preferentially, knot to semiarid region gentle slope of the invention furrow collection rain implantation methods, the collection rain of its step (3)
Ridge is covered：Ji Yulong is covered using charcoal, by 30 × 103kg hm-2It is that weight compares 14%-21% by charcoal and water content
Wet soil by volume 1:1-1.5 is uniformly mixed, and mixture is manually uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on collection Yu Long faces；Artificial plank makes real mixing
Thing suitably pats intensity for 1-3kPa；Step (5) knots, and is 14 ° -17 ° in terrain slope, suitably distance between the pin of knotting ridge ridge
For 3.0-3.5m.Arable layer mineral elements content and soil porosity in ditch can be increased using charcoal covering collection rain ridge.
It is proposed that being 250-400mm areas in annual precipitation, using common plasticses mulch film or biodegradable mulch film
Cover Ji Yulong；It is 400-500mm areas in annual precipitation, Ji Yulong is covered using liquid ground film or charcoal.
Preferentially, knotted to semiarid region gentle slope of the invention furrow collection rain implantation methods, and its step (5) are beaten
Knot：It is 250-400mm areas in annual precipitation, suitably distance is 3.5-5.0m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge；It is in annual precipitation
400-500mm areas, suitably distance is 2.5-3.5m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge.
The present invention is in specific application：
1. when biodegradable mulch film destructiveness (damage area and total area ratio) is more than 20%, it can be considered that it loses
Main Water-saving effect；It is more than when biodegradable mulch film destroys ratio (biodegradable mulch film destroys ridge and total ridge ratio)
80%, to carry out biodegradable mulch film changes film work, specifically changes that to touch work similar with overlay film work.
2. when liquid ground film destructiveness (damage area and total area ratio) is more than 30%, it can be considered that it loses main guarantor
Water effect；It is more than 75% when liquid ground film destroys ratio (biodegradable mulch film destroys ridge and total ridge ratio), again flushing liquor
Body mulch film, sprinkling liquid ground film work is similar with the 1st sprinkling.
3. the suitable furrow collection rain planting material that knotted on China's semiarid region gentle slope, it is proposed that respectively pale reddish brown lucerne
The sweet agriculture 1 of Mu (Medicago sativa), the sweet agriculture of alfalfa 3, naked oats (Avena sativa L) dam oats 8, Ma Ling
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) Weihe potato 1, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Gansu Province spring No. 8139-2, corn
(Zea mays L) rich peasant No. 1.
4. after crop harvesting, biodegradable covering with ground sheeting, liquid film mulching and charcoal covering are without manually returning
Receive, have the advantages that time saving, laborsaving, pollution-free.
The results showed, common plasticses covering with ground sheeting Ji Yulong of the present invention, biodegradable covering with ground sheeting Ji Yulong, liquid
Covering with ground sheeting Ji Yulong and charcoal covering Ji Yulong mean annual runoff efficiency be respectively 65%-85%, 59%-81%,
12%-23% and 11%-21%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Increase soil moisture and crop yield：Due to covering material (common plasticses mulch film, biodegradable mulch film, liquid
Mulch film and charcoal) have compared with high-air-tightness, soil water evaporation can be reduced after covering material covering, while increasing collection Yu Long footpaths
Stream, makes rainfall produce superposition and infiltrate deeper, so as to increase and keep soil moisture content, is conducive to crop root and geodyte
Growth.It has been investigated that, common plasticses covering with ground sheeting, biodegradable covering with ground sheeting, liquid film mulching and charcoal covering
Crop yield 16%-32%, 13%-27%, 2-3% and 10-12% is respectively increased than conventional tillage (flat make).
Increase ground temperature：Compared with traditional flat work, when atmospheric temperature is higher, (common plasticses mulch film, biology can for covering material
Degradative plastic film, liquid ground film and charcoal) reduce the ground temperature of growth belt (in ditch)；When atmospheric temperature is relatively low, covering material is (general
Logical plastic film, biodegradable mulch film, liquid ground film and charcoal) improve growth belt (in ditch) ground temperature.
Increase arable layer mineral elements content：Due to covering material (common plasticses mulch film, biodegradable mulch film, liquid
Mulch film and charcoal) moisture-keeping function is heated, overlay environment is conducive to edaphon to breed, and accelerates humus conversion rate,
Favourable crop absorbs mineral nutrition.
Improve fertilizer utilization efficiency：Covering material (common plasticses mulch film, biodegradable mulch film, liquid ground film and biology
Charcoal) nutrient, especially nitrate nitrogen, leaching and volatilization can be reduced, the utilization rate of nutrient can be improved, especially charcoal is covered.
Increase soil physical property：Covering material (common plasticses mulch film, biodegradable mulch film, liquid ground film and biology
Charcoal) increase soil porosity 1-10%, reduction unit weight 0.02-0.3g cm-3, increase soil granular structure 1.5%, it is especially biological
Charcoal is covered.
Reduce runoff and soil loss：Compared with flat make, the runoff of knotting furrow collection rain plantation knotting furrow collection rain plantation
Amount reduction 21.9%-41.2%, sediment loss amount reduction 80.8%-83.3%.
Brief description of the drawings
The furrow collection rain that knots to Fig. 1 semiarid regions gentle slope plants side view；
The furrow collection rain that knots to Fig. 2 semiarid regions gentle slope plants top view；
Embodiment
It is described in further detail below in conjunction with the most preferred embodiment shown in accompanying drawing：
Embodiment 1：Knot to a kind of semiarid region gentle slope furrow collection rain implantation methods, following steps：
(1) ditch is made in ridging：Gentle slope (5 ° -20 °) along contour build Ji Yulong with sedentary soil, Ji Yulong is shaped as
Hemispherical, collects the rain a height of 15-20cm in ridge, integrate rain ridge bottom width as 35-40cm, and the upper ridge faces of Ji Yulong and groove face angle be about 5 °-
10 °, Ji Yulong Xia Long faces and groove face angle are about 50 ° -60 °；Adjacent two integrate between the pin of Yu Long ridges as ditch, furrow width 60cm, ditch slope
About 0 ° of degree；The time that ditch is made in optimal ridging is 10-April 20 March；
(2) apply fertilizer：Calcium superphosphate 350-420kg hm-2With urea 220-300kg hm-2As base manure, preceding 2 seed manure is sowed
Material mixing is sprinkling upon soil surface in ditch, then ploughs under soil, fertilization depth 20-30cm；Crop seed and urea cannot be mixed
Apply, in order to avoid cause burn seedlings；
(3) Ji Yulong is covered：Ji Yulong is covered using common plastic film；Height is 2- to common plasticses mulch film from the ground
3mm；The 1-2 months common plasticses mulch film is covered before sowing；Common plasticses mulch film embedment ridge side depth of soil is 2-3cm；Common plasticses
The pulling force of mulch film is more than biodegradable mulch film, and common ground film places into the soil depth less than biodegradable mulch film length of embedment；
Common plasticses mulch film is much larger than biodegradable covering with ground sheeting, liquid ground film and biology compared with difficult degradation, common ground film cover time
The charcoal cover time；
(4) sow：To bunch planting class crop, potato and corn seeding density are respectively 0.8-1.2 × 105Strain hm-2With
4.8-5.2×104Strain hm-2, depth of planting is respectively 15-20cm and 8-10cm, and the sowing time is 10-April 28 April；
It is required that crop or grass seed degree of purity are up to 98% and germination percentage up to more than 95%.
(5) knot：
1) cut the earth using spade in ditch earth, build knotting ridge, knotting ridge is shaped as hemispherical, and knotting ridge highly is 10-
15cm, knotting ridge length is 60cm (furrow width), and knotting ridge bottom width is 20cm；It is 5 ° -8 °, suitably knotting ridge ridge pin in terrain slope
Between distance be 4.5-5.0m；
2) orientation of knotting ridge is vertical with collection Yu Long directions；
3) knotting ridge arrangement mode is to be staggered；
4) suitably the soil moisture content on knotting ridge is 14%-19%；
5) plank pats knotting ridge by hand, and beating intensity is 1.7-2.5kPa, makes knotting ridge topsoil formation soil
Skinning；
6) pat 100m knottings ridge and spend 1 manually；
(6) field management：In the crop time of infertility, sowing time applies fertilizer 1 time, and spraying fertilizer, using artificial weeding, but does not forbid
Trample collection rain belt (non-planting area)；Using natural precipitation, without irrigating；
(7) harvest：Using hand harvest bunch planting, potato and harvest corn time are 1-10 days October
(8) safeguarded after harvesting；After crop harvesting, Ji Yulong and knotting ridge shapes and sizes are safeguarded.
Described step circulation is implemented.
Embodiment 2：It is identical with the step of embodiment 1, the difference is that in step (3), using biodegradable covering with ground sheeting collection
Rain ridge；The pulling force of biodegradable covering with ground sheeting is the pulling force 1/6-1/8 of common ground film；Biodegradable mulch film from the ground height
For 3-5mm；First 7 days covering biodegradable mulch films of sowing；Biodegradable mulch film embedment ridge side depth of soil is 5-10cm, raw
Biodegradable mulch film length of embedment is placed into the soil depth more than common ground film；If the biodegradable covering with ground sheeting time is too early,
Easily degraded, water retention is lost in crop or herbage growth later stage；If the biodegradable covering with ground sheeting time is too late, easily
Soil moisture is lost, is unfavorable for crop or herbage germination and emerges；In step (4), to drilling class crop, alfalfa, oat
It is respectively 20-22.5kg hm with spring wheat application rate-2、120-140kg hm-2With 225-270kg hm-2；Alfalfa is sowed
Depth is 1-2cm, and oat and spring wheat depth of planting are 3-5cm；Alfalfa, oat and spring wheat sowing time are respectively 3
28-June 28 moon, 28-April of 10-April of April 28 and March 10；It is 8 ° -11 ° in terrain slope in step (5),
Suitably distance is 4.0-4.5m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge；In step (7), alfalfa cradles 2 batches, and cutting occasion is respectively June
20-28 days and 1-10 days October；Oat harvest time is August 15-20 days；Spring wheat harvest time is 10-20 days July；
Embodiment 3：It is identical with the step of embodiment 1, unlike in step (3), using liquid film mulching Ji Yulong,
Spray before liquid ground film, powdery liquid ground film and water are pressed 1:15 mixing, mixed liquor stirring 5-10min, with treating powdery liquid
After film fully dissolves, mixed liquor is uniformly sprayed in collection Yu Long surfaces with sprayer, the powdery liquid ground film amount of spraying is 90kg
hm-2, the mixed liquor amount of applying is 1440kg hm-2；In China semiarid zone, liquid ground film service life is about 2 months, liquid
Mulch film spraying time is respectively late April and late June；It is 11 ° -14 °, suitably knotting ridge ridge in terrain slope in step (5)
Distance is 3.5-4.0m between pin；
Embodiment 4：It is identical with the step of embodiment 1, the difference is that in step (3), Ji Yulong is covered using charcoal, by one
Quantitative charcoal presses 1 with wet soil (soil moisture content 14%-21%):1-1.5 is uniformly mixed, and mixture is manually uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields into collection
On Yu Long faces；Charcoal applied amount is 30 × 103kg hm-2, charcoal and earth mixtures applied amount are 60 × 103-75×103kg
hm-2；Artificial plank makes real mixture, and beating intensity is 1-3kPa, forms charcoal and soil mixture skinning；In step (5),
It it is 14 ° -17 ° in terrain slope, suitably distance is 3.0-3.5m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge；
Embodiment 5：It is identical with the step of embodiment 1, the difference is that being 17 ° -20 ° in terrain slope, suitably in step (5)
Distance is 2.5-3.0m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge；
Test example：Experimental field overview：Experiment is located at Gansu Province Dingxi City research soil and water conservation institute An Jia Gou watershed experiment base
Ground (35 ° of 34 ' N, 104 ° of 39 ' E, height above sea level 2075m), belongs to semiarid middle temperate zone semiarid climate, and area's luminous energy is more, and rain heat is same
Season, dry, the temperature difference is larger.2782.5 DEG C of Nian Jun≤5 DEG C accumulated temperature, 2239.1 DEG C of Nian Jun≤10 DEG C accumulated temperature, sunshine-duration in year
For 2408.6h, average annual 6.3 DEG C of temperature, extreme maximum and minimum temperature is respectively 27.5 DEG C and -7.6 DEG C.Average annual rainfall for many years
384.8mm, potential evapotranspiration hair amount 1510mm.Solar radiation 592kJ cm-2a-1, frost-free period 141d, aridity 1.15.Experimental field
Soil types is the loessal soil developed on loess parent material, and soil mean porosities are 55%, and field capacity is 20%-
21%.
Described step (1), is tested using 2 factor randomized complete-block designs, if 2 district's groups, every 1 district's groups have at 3
Reason (knotting ridge+without knotting ridge+flat work), tradition is flat as compareing, and 2 district's groups are respectively 5 ° and 10 ° of terrain slope.Ji Yulong
Shape is hemispherical, and upper ridge face and groove face angle are about 5 ° -10 °, and Xia Long faces and groove face angle are about 50 ° -60 °, and ridge is a height of
15-20cm, row spacing is 40cm, and ridge is built along contour, ridge covering biodegradable mulch film, is used as collection rain belt；The a width of 60cm of ditch,
The ditch gradient is close to 0 °, and ditch is used as growing area without covering；The time that ditch is made in ridging is 15-April 10 March；
Described step (2) fertilising：Calcium superphosphate (420kg hm-2) and urea (220kg hm-2) it is used as base manure, sowing
Preceding 2 kinds of fertilizer mixing is sprinkling upon soil surface in ditch, then ploughs under soil, fertilization depth 20-30cm；
Described step (3) Ji Yulong coverings：Using biodegradable covering with ground sheeting Ji Yulong, collection rain belt is used as；
Described step (4) sowing：Using the sweet agriculture of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), No. 3 are used as instruction crop,
Drilling sowing on April 12nd, 2015 alfalfa, the long-term cropping in ditch, depth of planting is 2-3cm, and it is purple that every 1 bar ditch plant 4 rows
Russian fenugreek herb, line-spacing is 15cm；
Described step (5) knots：Knotting ridge is shaped as hemispherical without covering, and knotting ridge height (10-15cm) is slightly below
Ji Yulong height, knotting ridge length is 60cm (furrow width), and knotting ridge bottom width is, apart from 2.5m, to beat between 20cm, knotting ridge ridge pin
Tie ridge orientation vertical with collection Yu Long directions, knotting ridge arrangement mode is is staggered, and plank pats knotting ridge by hand
Beating intensity is 1.7-2.5kPa
Described step (6) field management：In the crop time of infertility, sowing time applies fertilizer 1 time, not spraying fertilizer, using artificial
Weeding, the weeding time is respectively June 6 and July 28, but forbids trampling collection rain belt (non-planting area)；Using natural precipitation, no
Irrigated；
Described step (7) harvest：Artificial reaping hook cradles alfalfa together, and natural air drying to constant weight, alfalfa is cut
2 batches are cut, cutting occasion is respectively June 20 and October 10；
Described step (8)；After crop harvesting, Ji Yulong and knotting ridge shapes and sizes are safeguarded.
The beneficial effect of the present embodiment invention：
As a result show, in 5 ° of the gradient, compared with flat make, the alfalfa time of infertility soil of knotting furrow collection rain plantation
Pondage increases 9.3-15.0mm, and the actual hay yield of alfalfa improves 8.9%-20.4%, and WUE improves 4.58-4.78kg
hm-2mm-1, and run-off reduction 21.9%-41.2%, sediment loss amount reduction 80.8%-83.3%.In 10 ° of the gradient, with
It is flat to compare, the alfalfa time of infertility storage capacity increase 11.2-16.2mm of knotting furrow collection rain plantation, alfalfa
Actual hay yield improves 9.0%-22.4%, and WUE improves 4.06-4.89kg hm-2mm-1, and run-off reduction 24.8%-
36.4%, sediment loss amount reduction 74.5%-82.0%.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (9)
1. knot to a kind of semiarid region gentle slope furrow collection rain implantation methods, it is characterised in that following steps：
(1) ditch is made in ridging：Ji Yulong is built with sedentary soil along contour on 5 ° of -20 ° of gentle slopes, collection rain monopolization face is shaped as half
Circle, collects the rain a height of 15-20cm in ridge, integrates rain ridge bottom width as 35-40cm, and the upper ridge faces of Ji Yulong and groove face angle are 5 ° -10 °, collection
Rain ridge Xia Long faces and groove face angle are 50 ° -60 °；It is ditch between adjacent two Ji Yulong ridge pin, ditch is as growing area, and furrow width is about
For 60cm, the ditch gradient is about 0 °；
(2) apply fertilizer：Calcium superphosphate 350-420kg hm-2With urea 220-300kg hm-2As base manure, sow preceding 2 kinds of fertilizer and mix
Conjunction is sprinkling upon soil surface in ditch, then ploughs under soil, fertilization depth 20-30cm；
(3) Ji Yulong is covered：Covered using materials such as common plastic film, biodegradable mulch film, liquid ground film or charcoals
Ji Yulong；Ji Yulong coverings major advantage is increase soil moisture, ground temperature, arable layer mineral elements content, crop yield and water
Divide utilization ratio；
(4) sow：Bunch planting or drilling are taken, the long-term cropping in ditch；
(5) knot：Fetched earth in ditch and build knotting ridge, knotting monopolization face is shaped as semicircle, knotting ridge is highly about 10-
15cm, knotting ridge length is approximately equal to 60cm (furrow width), knotting ridge bottom width be about between 20cm, knotting ridge ridge pin distance be 2.5-
5m；Knotting ridge arrangement mode is to be staggered in adjacent ditch；It is to carry out rainfall and runoff in ditch to set knotting ridge major advantage
Intercept, it is to avoid runoff locally collects in ditch to lower, runoff decrease flowing velocity in ditch, when increase runoff is detained in ditch
Between, so as to effectively reduce rainwash, the soil erosion and land deterioration in ditch；
(6) field management：In the crop time of infertility, sowing time basal dressing 1 time, not spraying fertilizer, using artificial weeding；Utilize nature
Rainfall, without irrigating；
(7) harvest：Using hand harvest bunch planting or drilling crop；
(8) safeguarded after harvesting；After crop harvesting, Ji Yulong and knotting ridge shapes and sizes are safeguarded.
2. knot to semiarid region gentle slope as claimed in claim 1 furrow collection rain implantation methods, it is characterised in that suitable to knot
The soil moisture content on ridge is 14%-19%, and manual plank pats knotting ridge and suitably pats intensity for 1.7-2.5kPa.
3. knot to semiarid region gentle slope as claimed in claim 2 furrow collection rain implantation methods, it is characterised in that described step
Suddenly (4) are sowed：To bunch planting class crop, potato and corn seeding density are respectively 0.8-1.2 × 105Strain hm-2With 4.8-5.2 ×
104Strain hm-2, depth of planting is respectively 15-20cm and 8-10cm；To drilling class crop, alfalfa, oat and spring wheat sowing
Amount is respectively 20-22.5kg hm-2、120-140kg hm-2With 225-270kg hm-2；Alfalfa depth of planting is 1-2cm,
Oat and spring wheat depth of planting are 3-5cm.
4. semiarid region gentle slope as described in the claim 1 or 2 or 3 ground furrow collection rain implantation methods that knot, it is characterised in that institute
State the Ji Yulong coverings of step (3)：The 1-2 months are using common plasticses covering with ground sheeting Ji Yulong prior to seeding；Common plasticses mulch film from
Ground level is 2-3mm；Common plasticses mulch film embedment ridge side depth of soil is 2-3cm；Step (5) knots, and is in terrain slope
5 ° -8 °, suitably distance is 4.5-5.0m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge.
5. semiarid region gentle slope as described in the claim 1 or 2 or 3 ground furrow collection rain implantation methods that knot, it is characterised in that institute
State the Ji Yulong coverings of step (3)：Use biodegradable covering with ground sheeting Ji Yulong within 7 days prior to seeding；Biodegradable mulch film
The pulling force of covering is the pulling force 1/6-1/8 of common ground film；Height is 3-5mm to biodegradable mulch film from the ground；Biodegradable
Mulch film embedment ridge side depth of soil is 5-10cm；Step (5) knot, terrain slope be 8 ° -11 °, suitably knotting ridge ridge pin it
Between distance be 4.0-4.5m.
6. semiarid region gentle slope as described in the claim 1 or 2 or 3 ground furrow collection rain implantation methods that knot, it is characterised in that institute
State the Ji Yulong coverings of step (3)：Using liquid film mulching Ji Yulong, before liquid ground film is sprayed, by powdery liquid
Film presses 1 with water:15 mixing, mixed liquor stirring 5-10min, after powdery liquid ground film fully dissolves, with sprayer by mixed liquor
Uniform to spray in collection Yu Long surfaces, the powdery liquid ground film amount of spraying is 90kg hm-2, the mixed liquor amount of applying is 1440kg hm-2；Institute
The step of stating (5) knots, and is 11 ° -14 ° in terrain slope, suitably distance is 3.5-4.0m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge；.
7. semiarid region gentle slope as described in the claim 1 or 2 or 3 ground furrow collection rain implantation methods that knot, it is characterised in that institute
State the Ji Yulong coverings of step (3)：Ji Yulong is covered using charcoal, by 30 × 103kg hm-2It is with water content by charcoal
Wet soil of the weight than 14%-21% by volume 1:1-1.5 is uniformly mixed, and mixture is manually uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on collection Yu Long faces；
Artificial plank makes real mixture and suitably pats intensity for 1-3kPa；Step (5) knots, and is 14 ° -17 ° in terrain slope, suitably beats
Distance is 3.0-3.5m between tying ridge ridge pin.
8. semiarid region gentle slope as described in the claim 1 or 2 or 3 ground furrow collection rain implantation methods that knot, it is characterised in that institute
State the Ji Yulong coverings of step (3)：It is 250-400mm areas in annual precipitation, preferably uses common plasticses mulch film or biology to drop
Solve covering with ground sheeting Ji Yulong；It is 400-500mm areas in annual precipitation, preferably uses liquid ground film or charcoal to cover Ji Yulong.
9. semiarid region gentle slope as described in the claim 1 or 2 or 3 ground furrow collection rain implantation methods that knot, it is characterised in that institute
State the knotting of step (5)：It is 250-400mm areas in annual precipitation, suitably distance is 3.5-5.0m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge；
Annual precipitation is 400-500mm areas, and suitably distance is 2.5-3.5m between the pin of knotting ridge ridge.
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| CN108184570A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-06-22 | 河北农业大学 | Water-collecting and fertilizer-collecting ridge-planting furrow-planting melon planting method |
| CN108450261A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-28 | 甘肃农业大学 | Semiarid region charcoal covers furrow collection rain implantation methods |
| CN108668813A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-19 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of micro- collection rain method in field adapting to Agro-grazing ecotone |
| CN113575325A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-02 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix |
| CN114651703A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and recarburization method and system and intelligent orchard recharging system |
| CN115152547A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-11 | 佳县一隆农副产品购销有限公司 | Method for planting crops in zero distance by degrading water-permeable mulching film |
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| CN113575325A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-02 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Wide-narrow row side film furrow double-sowing high-yield cultivation method for coix |
| CN114651703A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation promotion, soil moisture conservation and recarburization method and system and intelligent orchard recharging system |
| CN114651703B (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2023-03-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Orchard precipitation accumulation, permeation promotion, moisture preservation and recarburization method and system and orchard intelligent supplementary irrigation system |
| CN115152547A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-10-11 | 佳县一隆农副产品购销有限公司 | Method for planting crops in zero distance by degrading water-permeable mulching film |
| CN115152547B (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-05-14 | 佳县一隆农副产品购销有限公司 | Method for planting crops in zero distance by degrading water seepage mulch film |
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