CN1122183A - Sand land mulching film cultivation method for rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The cultivation of rice in sandy land includes the following steps: 1. Leveling the land and excavating irrigation canals; 2. Spreading mulching film under sandy land; 3. Raising seedling in conventional method; 4. Irrigating and fertilizing rice field and then transplanting seedlings with their root soil on; and 5. Conventional field management. The said method can raise the utilization rate of sandy land, improve soil structure and prevent windy sand hazard.

Description

Sand land mulching film cultivation method for rice

The present invention relates to a kind of sand land mulching film cultivation method for rice.

Desertification is one of global serious environmental problem.It not only causes dusty wind weather, works the mischief for Human's production and life, and main is to cause the wind erosion desertification of large tracts of land soil, and the resource productive potential are lost rapidly, even become barren land.The drift sand reach also can block the traffic, the water source, buries villages and small towns, house, embezzles farmland, grassland, forest land, and the generation of sandstorm also can cause huge life and property loss.In view of the rapid spread of desertization in the whole world reaches grave danger of bringing for many national national economy, the problem of preventing and treating of desertization is subjected to the common concern in the world just day by day.In the last few years, international community repeatedly held the desertization meeting, studied global desertization Preventing Countermeasures and measure, and the project and the plan of having opened up some great study on prevention and action run in parallel connection jointly.As man and biosphere program, transnational green dam, north African, the exploitation of desert, the Middle East etc.These researchs and action items have played the effect of actively promoting for the desert treatment and the environmental protection in the whole world.But though in these years countries in the world are all in the improvement of the protection of being devoted to environment and desertization, the desertification problem in the whole world is not effectively controlled.All in all the desertization of China also is that the part is administered to some extent, and integral body is development to some extent still, and the development speed of quite a few regional desertization is also quite high.As area, mountain behind on the dam, Hebei and the Inner Mongol, the average annual development speed of nearly 10 years desertizations is respectively up to 4.66% and 4.37%.Why do various countries so pay attention to the desertization problem, drop into a large amount of human and material resources and administer, but desertization not only can not get effective control, also constantly development? tracing it to its cause is the basic factor that causes desertization---artificially the destruction of vegetation is not eliminated.And area is artificially to the destructiveness of vegetation, often constantly increases with poverty, backwardness and the population of this area again, continues to increase inseparable to the pressure of resource environment.Especially in China, desertization comparison serious area all is the area of comparison backward.Even problem of food and clothing does not all have to solve.Because the level of the productive forces is low, in agricultural production process, generally adopts extensive cultivation, the not busy farming system of the wheel of extensive operation.Under this cropping system, mainly keep production by the productive potential in soil self.The plantation of newly-ploughed farmland is after several years, and under the situation that few of production drops into, productive potential progressively exhaust, and output sharply descends, and promptly lets a piece of farmland go to waste, and goes to open up wasteland new soil then again.Because the covering of loss of vegetation, very fast wind erosion is desertified by the soil of being letted a piece of farmland go to waste, and causes the desertization on farmland on every side or meadow.Add that the size of population and animal number increase rapidly in recent years, estrepement, herd excessively, the phenomenon of gathering firewood excessively is very serious, vegetation is constantly destroyed, thereby desertization develops rapidly.And developing rapidly of desertization descends large tracts of land soil productive potential, causes level of agricultural production lower and unstable, and then impels three indiscriminate aggravations, and half is absorbed among continuous decline and the continuous vicious circle that destroys to make agricultural production and ecotope.Along with the development of World Economics and technology,, just be subjected to the attention of some countries about the economic governing problem of sand ground.As the Israel scientist small pieces sand ground is opened up and to be farmland construction greenhouse gardening vegetables and fruit tree, economic benefit is considerable; More Arabic oil exporting countrys utilize the desalinization irrigation to carry out the sand ground vegetables and produce, to solve national non-staple foodstuff problem; The paddy rice planting technology was studied at the seashore sand ground by Japan, and because of cost is too high, the labour invests greatly, and risk is abandoned greatly.At home, in recent years sand ground is administered and development new technologies as all having obtained method and economic benefit preferably in mobile sand ground caragana microphylla and tralpa loud, high-pitched sound wormwood artemisia mixed seeding planting technology, tralpa loud, high-pitched sound wormwood artemisia living sand barrier culture technique, sand ground watermelon, day lily culture technique etc.In addition, distinguish the people's the productive life level and the enthusiasm of sand control for improving sand, the eating patterns people that improve husky district people have studied at the sand ground technology of growing rice, this sand ground technology of growing rice is meant the technology of rice cultivation in alluvial plain, flood land or the low humidity depression that argillic horizon is arranged in sand ground, because subterranean water level is shallow, silt content is low in the soil, underground have the clay water barrier again, so this technology and conventional rice culture technique do not have essential distinction, by literature search, at present about not seeing bibliographical information as yet in the technology of sand dune, the semi-fluid ground rice cultivation that flows.

The objective of the invention is in order to provide a kind of soilless culture principle of utilizing to plant on the barren sand of any crop leaking, leak fertilizer, by laying the plastic film antiseep, directly utilize sand to do bed soil and paddy field soil, regularly irrigate, apply fertilizer and cultivate the sand land mulching film cultivation method for rice of strengthening seedling and field production and obtaining high yield.

Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure:

A kind of sand land mulching film cultivation method for rice comprises the steps: that (1) choosing ground, level land build up fields, excavate canal system, selectively has abundant water resources down, and the mobile semi-fluid that it is good that last direction is checked winds and fixed drifting sand condition moves sand ground, and the salinity of water is lower than 2 grams per liters; And the field bund of being 40cm is with the ground morsel; Relative relief is 0-15 centimetres between the every ground, and every interior relative relief is 0-2 centimetres; Design canal system again, canal system is made of branch canal, lateral canal, three grades in sublateral canal or lateral canal, sublateral canal secondary, and the canal ridge is higher than 20-30 centimetres of field bunds; (2) shop film; Dig out the dark sandy soil of 15-20cm every ground, tile on it with the plastic film of 0.03-0.1 millimeters thick, backfill sandy soil 15-20cm is thick again, spread film then successively, between per two overlapping 5-15 centimetres, and no-sundries between two films, the shop film should comprise field bund and canal system, also uses cob and cover 5-10cm on film; (3) seedling; Earlier choosing ground, whole do field bund, prop up greenhouse frame, spread film then, available 0.008 millimeter plastic foil tiling, and make between per two films overlapping 10 centimetres, and there is not foreign matter between two films, return pure fine sand and the levelling of pad 1-3cm after completing, becoming the pH value with concentrated sulfuric acid thin up is that 2-3 pH values of spraying faces adjustment seedbed, solarization seedbed are 4-5; Cover canopy insulation and insect protected prior to seeding; Seed is carried out sowing after the conventional treatment; Use the base manure of forming by nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer for every square metre prior to seeding; The formulation weight percentage composition of ground, seedbed institute basal dressing is nitrogenous fertilizer 40-50%, phosphate fertilizer 30-40%, potash fertilizer 20-30%; After planting when emergence rate reaches 70%, topdress in total amount identical and ratio with base manure; In addition also need control temperature and moisture to rice shoot, and before transplanting 5-7 days hardenings; (4) rice transplanting should be poured water 3-4 centimetres to the rice field earlier before the rice transplanting, and basal dressing, and base manure is made up of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and little fertilizer; The preceding rice field of rice transplanting institute basal dressing account for the time of infertility each component total amount be divided into that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 17-25%, phosphate fertilizer accounts for 18-25%, potash fertilizer is zero, and in base manure, add little fertilizer, little fertilizer is 5-15% of nitrogen in the base manure, phosphate fertilizer total amount, also need execute 100-150kg siliceous fertilizer for every mu when 1 year basal dressing; During rice transplanting, should transplant together with rice shoot root soil; (5) field management: a, water management, rice transplanting up to tillering stage the depth of water be 2-3 centimetres; Ineffective tillering phase control water dry field; Shooting stage to heading stage, the depth of water was 7-10 centimetres; Wet before grouting is then taked productive phase, middle solarization, back are wet; B, fertilizer management all should be used chemical fertilizer and be made up of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer the time of infertility of sand rice, and the time of infertility, the formulation weight percentage composition of institute's fertilise was nitrogenous fertilizer 40-60%, phosphate fertilizer 15-30%, potash fertilizer 20-35%; Divide apply fertilizer according to quantity each breeding time then; Wherein, impose after turning green fertilizer account for the time of infertility each component total amount be respectively that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 23-25%, phosphate fertilizer accounts for 25-32%, potash fertilizer accounts for 45-55%; Tiller the later stage impose fertilizer account for the time of infertility each component total amount be respectively that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 7-9%, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is zero; The shooting stage dressing fertilizer account for the time of infertility each component total amount be respectively that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 35-45%, phosphate fertilizer accounts for 45-57%, potash fertilizer accounts for 45-55%; Heading stage dressing fertilizer account for the time of infertility each component total amount be respectively that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 8-10%, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is zero; C, intertill and clean tillage, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests gets final product.

The present invention compares the existing following advantage that has:

1, the moving sand ground of the mobile semi-fluid that the present invention is extremely strong in seepage first and nutrient is poor, by laying sealed polyethylene plastic, intercept under the liquid manure and ooze, and take measures such as rational application of fertilizers, water-saving irrigation, high-yield cultivating, for sand ground high-yield cultivating paddy rice provides reasonable, a reliable technique scheme; For improving husky district income, improving eating patterns effective way is provided, good economic benefits and social benefit have been produced.

2, the present invention has made full use of husky district abundant heat energy and water resource, has made sand damage become precious, has enlarged China's arable area, has increased grain yield; And owing to cultivate paddy rice for many years at the moving sand ground of mobile semi-fluid, make a large amount of root stubble corruptions return soil, after decomposing, it has increased the content of organic matter of soil, the improvement of soil structure and the raising of productivity have been caused, strengthened the resistivity of soil, thereby prevented the formation and the erosion evil of stream effectively rainwater leaching loss and wind erosion.

3, fertilizer, water and air condition can be controlled and regulate in paddy field, desert of the present invention artificially, can bring into play the largest production potentiality of paddy rice, and the paddy rice per mu yield can reach 650-700kg; And owing to adopt the soilless culture principle, not only can be, sand ground, sandy beach rice cultivation on the ground in the desert, but also can be at saline land, flyash field, slagheap and coal ore etc. that the sand source is arranged rice-cultivating above the poor environment.

4, the present invention have do not occupy the brst land possible, not accumulation of salt in the surface soil alkali, water saving power saving, do not need to turn over every year after building up fields, rake the soil level, operations such as level land, weeding; Thereby economize soil, cost-saving, have excellent popularization and be worth.

The present invention also will be described in further detail in conjunction with the embodiments:

Embodiment:

A kind of sand land mulching film cultivation method for rice comprises following each step: 1. select ground; The rice field should be selected in the edge of sand ground.To for well, in the condition of checking winds and fixing drifting sand area preferably, following wind direction is good with upwind and crosswind.The rice field should be arranged at the upwind sand dune and belong to stability types or have the mobile semi-fluid in the forest belt of checking winds and fixing drifting sand to move on the sand ground, and ground, sand dune and mild sand ground are all suitable.Physical features can not be too high or too low.Physical features is too high, and the quantities of building up fields is big, the rice field difficulty of checking winds and fixing drifting sand, and the row of filling also may go wrong.Physical features is too low, and impeded drainage may appear in rainy season.The relative relief on rice field and ground on every side with about 1 centimetre for well.The rice field should be concentrated in flakes, and area is advisable with 20-60 mu.Scale is excessive, and the soil is difficult to smooth, and draining, irrigation be difficulty relatively.Scale is too little, manages time-consuming.Have abundant water resources, subterranean water level is shallow, and the salinity of water is less than 29/L, and the density of well is established 1 in well about per 60 mu of ground.For ease of management, the rice field should not be too far away far from the village, and will have road to communicate convenient transportation.2. build up fields in the level land, rice field area hour, build up fields and can begin at the beginning of last month of spring in winter then in the level land.When larger, build up fields and carry out in rainy season last year in the level land, and roughly leveling is waited to plant careful again leveling in spring then and repaiied canal, ridging earlier.Before leveling land, should measure the each point relative relief earlier, demarcate the level land basal plane, determine excavation and filling place and earth volume, to guarantee once smoothly to put the minimizing engineering cost when leveling land in place.When leveling land, area is less available manually smooth, answers mechanical planarization when area is big.The place of surface water abundance can take diverting water for sluicing sand to build up fields.But no matter take which kind of mode, should note from the distance water source physical features slightly being descended more nearby to smooth.When block area is big, but the piecemeal leveling, with minimizing level land quantities, but relative relief should be no more than 15cm between the plot, and relative relief is no more than 2cm in the plot.Pick up impurity such as branch, grass roots after the land readjustment, hard foreign material damage plastic film when avoiding spreading film.3. canal system design after the soil is roughly smooth, is carried out the canal system design.Because of the rice field generally small, so design fairly simple.Look its scale and generally be divided into branch canal, lateral canal, three grades in sublateral canal or lateral canal, sublateral canal secondary.In order to reduce the wind erosion of ground, rice field, Winter-Spring, the rice field should be thing or southeastern direction setting, and therefore, sublateral canal and lateral canal are the north-south respectively and East and West direction is arranged.Canal system is divided into pour water canal and drainage ditch.The effect of drainage ditch mainly is when meeting big precipitation summer, gets rid of the unnecessary water yield of Tanaka rapidly, prevents its rice field of destroying by rush of water.In addition, when the saline and alkaline accumulation in rice field is too much, but the draining desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching.In the plot when more smooth, pour water and drainage ditch should distribute alternately.When the plot gradient is big, should notes to make canal system to become staged, and can not terraced fields be set at the field interblock.Otherwise regular meeting causes the ladder water in field completely to pour the downstairs field when raining in torrents because of draining is untimely, causes the chain reaction rice field of destroying by rush of water.During the tool certain slope, can be the drainage ditch of canal of pouring water of arranging ground down as last row ground.Canal system spacing sublateral canal spacing 45-60m, lateral canal spacing 100-150m, in establish long 40-60m, 10 in rice field, 1 mu of left and right sides of wide 10-15m area.The channel ratio reduces to 1/2000.More excessive than falling, at the bottom of the canal, canal slope sand easily flows, just the paddy field water either inlet is long-pending husky.Because canal system is short, littler than falling, the canal section should be too not big yet.If use surface-water irrigation, then go up wide 1.0m, following wide 0.6m, wide 0.7m on the sublateral canal, following wide 0.4m in the lateral canal.If well water irrigates, wide 0.7m on the lateral canal then, following wide 0.4m, wide 0.4m on the sublateral canal, following wide 0.2m.Canal is dark, lateral canal 0.5m, sublateral canal 0.2m.In order to prevent the canal system infiltration, impervious barrier should be laid at the bottom of the canal and canal slope.Place with good conditionsi, available cement sheeting river bottom protection bank protection, or use the paving with pebbles, use the cement mortar jointing again.The place that does not have condition, the PEF plastic foil shop village that also available 0.04mm is thick.When laying plastic foil, film is spread on the canal slope comprehensively at the bottom of the canal.Canal slope part is used clay pad shop 10cm on the film.The canal bottom is divided, and should spread husky 10-15cm on the film.The water inlet of lateral canal and sublateral canal and the water inlet in rice field should be provided with movable gate, and sluice gate can be built into fragment of brick.The place that does not have condition, the available woven bag of loading onto sand is built and is done.When carrying out the canal system design, should rationally carry out road layout, Ordinary Rd is arranged along lateral canal, and 40-60 mu of rice fields are provided with a main stem and get final product; 4. spread film, whole ground, after canal system is built up, answer the backguy ridging according to planning.It is straight that ridge is wanted, and bottom width 30cm goes up wide 15cm, the high 30cm of field bund.After field bund is made,, require every ground relative relief to be no more than 3-4cm, and then examine branch, foreign material such as grass roots clearly one time again by the plot ground grading.After the ground leveling, spread film.Plastic foil is selected the thick agricultural film of 0.04mm for use.When spreading film, begin to lay along block length limit, ground, dig out dark 20cm along the ridge earlier, behind the wide pond that is slightly larger than thin-film width, leveling bottom film tiled on it, and then with earthen backfill, during successively toward the lower berth, note wanting overlapping 10cm between the per pass film, and can't press from both sides into sand between the two overlapping films, otherwise seepage can take place.After film had been spread, the levelling of should pouring water was filled out lowly by digging height, and relative relief is controlled in 2-3cm.When spreading film, should cover simultaneously together with field bund, to prevent that side is oozed between the piece of field.After having spread film, mix wheat straw and become cob to cover with clay, thickness 5-10cm, in case expose to the weather after exposed cause aging.5. the sand ground film rice field of checking winds and fixing drifting sand, rice field is arranged at the moving sand ground of the semi-fluid that flows, and frequent because of wind-sand activity, wind erosion, sand bury, stream cuts and beats rice shoot and all can cause the destruction and the paddy underproduction in rice field, so should take the measure of checking winds and fixing drifting sand simultaneously building up fields.The district that checks winds and fixes drifting sand in rice field mainly is arranged at its upwind, is generally the west or the northwest.In the more area of south wind, the south also should be provided with the band of checking winds and fixing drifting sand.The width of being with of checking winds and fixing drifting sand is decided according to ground stream activity intensity.If the upwind vegetation is better, the stream activity is very weak, and checking winds and fixing drifting sand band should be narrower, even only need be provided with several meters sand-protecting barrier and get final product at the edge in rice field.If the upwind vegetation is very poor, drift sand moves comparatively fast, and the band of checking winds and fixing drifting sand then wants wideer, and will take machinery to fix the sand and measure that sand consolidation with biologic combines endangers to contain to flow.The band of generally checking winds and fixing drifting sand is set to 30-50m.The direction of band is vertical with prevailing wind direction or acutangulate.Be with interior shrub and partly irritate this alternate configuration.Its line-spacing shrub zone 1.5-3.0m, spacing in the rows 0.5-1.0m, fruticuli band line-spacing 1.5-2.0m, spacing in the rows 0.3-0.5m.Shrub can be selected Huang Liu, caragana microphylla, shrubby flase indigo etc. for use, and fruticuli has oily wormwood artemisia, tralpa Sha wormwood artemisia etc., and the time of planting is generally at the initial stage in rainy season.In order to improve the effect of checking winds and fixing drifting sand, before biological sand-protecting barrier is set, mechanical sand barrier should be set.Mechanical sand barrier can be rolled with wheat straw or corn stalk.Method is earlier sand ground to be left spacing 1.5-3.0m, wide 10-30cm, the ditch of dark 20-30cm, wheat straw or corn stalk marshalling that 40-50cm is long are inserted in the ditch, on reveal about 20cm, base portion gets final product with the sand training is real.Rainy season with plant planting in mechanical sand barrier is capable.Because the physical features in film rice field is higher, its edge often and on every side forms certain height difference.For prevent side slope sand Winter-Spring wind erosion or summer slump, can protect when building up fields.Can at first carry out mechanical protection,, or, when arrive rainy season, can forever protect in the hope of side slope plants such as side slope upper edge horizontal line trench digging plantation prairie milk vetch, caragana microphyllas at the thick clay of side slope upper berth 5-10cm as usefulness wheat straw lamination bank protection.Because paddy field cultivation residual a large amount of root stubbles after a year, the soil organic matter also obviously increases, and the cohesiveness of soil strengthens, and can not erode winter, so needn't take the measure of checking winds and fixing drifting sand in the general rice field.But be preferably in and irritate a winter water when freezing, caused the field face of breach when gathering in the crops by mechanical damage, to improve the capability of anti-wind in rice field to cover.After the rice harves, whether the ridge film in scrutiny rice field is exposed damaged, and timely earthing is repaired after finding, in case the winter-spring season strong wind damages ridge.6. seedling, the selection on seedbed ground, ground, seedbed select physical features smooth, on the sunny side, wind sheltering, the water source is near and sufficient, subterranean water level is not high, irrigation and draining is unobstructed, livestock harm less, manage and protect local easily.The size on ground, seedbed is decided according to the paddy rice cultivated area, and general every mu of need of sand ground film paddy rice are established seedbed 6-8m2.After selecting to the seedbed, should put in order ground.If whole landlord with machinery or manually to the seedbed carry out smoothly, cut out impurity.Require ground smooth, ground, every little furrow seedbed relative relief is no more than 1cm wholely.After the soil roughly flattens and finishes field bund, the levelling of can pouring water.Do field bund for the ease of management, ground, seedbed is used the erosion ridge it is divided into several sub-districts.Field bund is made with clay or sand, and high 5-6cm is about the high 10cm of the field bund of seedbed destination edge.When ground, seedbed is big, stay the wide pavement of 30cm along long axis direction in the middle of the bed seedling, the high field bund of 5-6cm also will be made in the both sides, pavement.If ground, seedbed width has only 2-3cm, for saving ground, seedbed, the centre can be filled up several bricks and be done the pavement.Prop up greenhouse frame, husky district dried in spring, low temperature wind is big, cultivates rice shoot plastic tunnel should be set, to create the favorable environment of seedling growth.Greenhouse frame Zhi Haohou epiphragma.Shop plastic foil seedling can be selected the thick common ground film of 0.008mm for use with plastic film.Because of belonging to disposable use,, can use the old film that does not have trachoma or crack for reducing cost.When spreading film, spread overlapping 10cm between the per pass film together along the long limit on ground, seedbed.Lap does not press from both sides sand, to prevent lateral leakage between two films.When spreading film, together spread together with Chi Geng.When spreading film, do not wear footwear of the hard end, in order to avoid trample on plastic foil.Behind the film of equalizing bed soil shop, place mat bed soil immediately on the film, bed soil is used pure fine sand, and alkalescence is little, no weed seed.About bed soil thickness 2cm, place mat is wanted evenly.After bed soil has filled up, the levelling of can pouring water once more.Then the pH value of bed soil is adjusted.Method is earlier a certain amount of concentrated sulfuric acid to be poured in the porcelain, slowly adds water then, is diluted to the sour water of pH value 2-3, evenly is sprayed in the bed surface water after middle then bed surface is poured water, and makes the native pH value of bed reach 4-5 and gets final product.Lid canopy and insect protected are in order to improve the canopy temperature, and broadcasting should be with on the canopy membrane cover about the last week.During epiphragma, tight with soil pressure all around, fastening on the canopy with rope or iron wire, in case strong wind is opened the canopy film.During epiphragma, should stay at the two ends of canopy can take off can the door so that the turnover.After the canopy membrane cover is good, on bed soil, sprinkle the poison grain that some are mixed with first ammonium phosphorus, with the trapping mole cricket.Seed treatment, kind select because film water field, desert temperature height, and planting general kind will more common paddy field ripen in advance 7-10 days, so the rice varieties that local common paddy field can be planted all can be planted sand ground film water Tanaka.But the used kind of sand ground film paddy rice should select breeding time medium, output is high, rice matter good kind, to increase economic efficiency.Bask seeds, choose seeds and all adopt conventional method, the seed selection back is carried out vernalization at once.Germination accelerating method is a lot, and the northern area of China generally adopts the vernalization of heated kang method, and the vernalization of heated kang method is first at heated kang upper berth one deck Polypropylence Sheet, spreads one deck wheat straw and one deck piece of sack then.Above on soak good seed rice, thickness 20-30cm.The lid layer piece of sack and one deck Polypropylence Sheet again above the seed.The preference temperature in vernalization early stage is 35-38 ℃, for fear of careless burning bud, Controllable Temperature built in 30-32 ℃.When embryo after seed hulls is exposed white point, can reduce to 25-30 ℃ to temperature.Running check moisture content situation during the vernalization if find water deficient, is sprayed seed with 40 ℃ of warm water and is mixed while watering.If temperature drift or on the low side should be adjusted.When bud grew to 0.2-0.3cm, taking-up was put to indoor airing, is waited to broadcast.Sowing should be determined according to the weather and the transplanting time of locality sowing time.Daily mean temperature is the minimum temperature that paddy rice germinates and grows for 10-12 ℃.But northern seedling is carried out in booth, can sow when temperature is stabilized in 10 ℃ of left and right sides.Generally sow to rice transplanting needs about 40 days, also can calculate the sowing time according to local transplanting time.Seeding quantity should and be planted subcase and decide according to the rice transplanting mode.The general every square meter seeding quantity of rice transplantation by hand vernalization kind a 0.4-0.5kg or dried kind of a 175-200g, the required seeding quantity of the rice shoot machine transplanting of rice generally doubles than rice transplantation by hand.After planting evenly cover one deck fine sand immediately, about thickness 0.5cm.Suppression and water spray roll 1-2 times with small roller behind the earthing immediately, and seed is closely contacted with sandy soil.After rolling, should water and irrigate once.Rice shoot and management; Temperature treatment, temperature is very big to the growth effect of rice shoot, and temperature crosses that low seedling growth is slow, and the too high steep length of temperature is fallen ill easily, and the temperature treatment of strengthening rice shoot can effectively promote seedling growth and cultivate strong seedling.Sowing is to neat seedling, based on the short neat seedling of sealing heat and moisture preserving.The back temperature of emerging is transferred to 28-30 ℃, and being higher than 30 ℃ will ventilate.1.0 during-1.5 leaf ages, temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, during 1.5-2.5 leaf ages, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃.In order to cultivate strong seedling, in seedling raising process, should note the hardening of ventilating.The ventilation hardening is generally carried out at fine day calm noon, opens one or two at 10 o'clock in the morning and ventilates, epiphragma insulation during afternoon 3-4.Outside air temperature reaches more than 20 ℃, when rice shoot reaches 3 leaf ages, can progressively prolong the hardening time, and sunny calm weather can prolong to epiphragma insulation at night.Before rice transplanting, all opened hardening in 5-7 days.Water management because the sand water evaporates is fast, has thin-film barrier soil moisture to replenish again below, so the seedbed is very easily dry, pay special attention to water management.In whole seedling raising process, to keep the seedbed moistening all the time.Sow to the seeding stage, can spray water 2-3 times every day with watering can.Can pour water after emerging, pour water and carry out in the morning, the degree of depth 1-2cm.Fertilizer management is before the sowing, by every m ²Apply the base manure of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium composition in proportion.After emergence rate reaches more than 70%, looked growing state and topdress once according to the above ratio in per 4-6 days.Rice shoot is looked increases the number that topdresses soon, looks and reduces the number of times that topdresses slowly.Topdress and to carry out at the higher weather of sunny calm temperature, when topdressing fertilizer is dissolved in the water by 300 times, spray with watering can.After spraying chemical fertilizer, spray water again 2 times, the fertilizer solution on the rice shoot is washed in order to avoid chemical fertilizer burns seedling.7. rice transplanting, the preparation before the rice transplanting, rice transplanting are tackled the rice field and pour water the depth of water 3-4cm, the depth of water 2-3cm during rice transplanting the previous days.Fast in order to turn green, every mu of basal dressing before the rice transplanting, base manure is made up of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and little fertilizer, and the little fertilizer in the base manure is 5-15% of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer total amount.In order to replenish mineral elements such as silicon, magnesium, manganese, the rice field preferably applies flyash 100-150kg/ mu before rice transplanting in 1 year.Play seedling, rice transplanting the first two day be water emptying in the seedbed, so that rice shoot can be with soil one-tenth piece to be convenient to delay seedling when playing seedling.The rice shoot that trips out will be with soil, and water does not wash its root.Transplanting time, early insert is that sand ground film paddy rice obtains high yield and key in good time.But plant too early, be subject to low temperature harm, cause stiff seedling, dead seedling.When daily mean temperature is stabilized in more than 15 ℃, can begin rice transplanting.If there are the invasion and attack of cold current strong wind should irritate water layer dark about 6-7cm immediately, with deep water insulation seedling-protection, draining again after weather gets warm again after a cold spell keeps shallow water to turn green.The density of transplants and the degree of depth, sand ground film rice transplanting is (very little with 4 * 9 ²) and 4 * 10 (very little ²) be advisable, the overstocked later stage easily lodges.Transplanting depth 2cm, insert with 2 of the strong seedlings of 1-2 tillers in every cave.8. field management, water management, the rice field should be irritated deep water immediately after the rice transplanting, remains on 2-3cm to the period of seedling establishment water layer always.Turn green the back to tillering stage, tiller more, should take shallow irrigation, the dark 3cm of water layer for promoting early to tiller.Tillering the later stage, should reduce of the appearance of the suitable dry field of water layer thickness with the control ineffective tillering.Jointing is to heading stage, and rapid increase and minimizing frequency of irrigation for satisfying water consumption can increase irrigation quantity, water irrigating depth 7-10cm.Be in the milk productive phase, wet before accomplishing, wet in middle solarization, back.Fertilizer management, the used fertilizer of sand ground film paddy rice is mainly chemical fertilizer, and divides apply fertilizer in proportion each breeding time.Can suitably use some fertilizers to replenish the shortage of the soil organic matter and trace element.Sand ground film paddy field fertilizing amount is bigger, and every mu of total fertilization amount surpasses 130kg.9. intertill and clean tillage and farmland disease insect pest prevent and treat according to a conventional method and get final product.

The weight percent amount that formulation weight percentage composition that rice at whole growth periods is applied fertilizer when seedbed ground institute's basal dressing and dressing fertilizer, transplanting among the embodiment and paddy rice each of institute's fertilise accounts for the each component of rice at whole growth periods institute fertilise breeding time sees the following form respectively.(unit is: %)

The order sequence number	Example one			Example two			Example three
										N	?P	?K	?N	?P	?K	?N	?P	?K
	Ground, seedbed	40	?30	?30	?40	?40	?20	?50	?30										?20
Rice at whole growth periods										50	?30	?20	?60	?15	?25	?40	?25	?35
	Account for before the rice transplanting	17	?25	?0	?25	?20	?0	?20	?18										?0
Account for after turning green										25	?25	?45	?23	?32	?55	?24	?27	?50
	Account for tillering stage	7	?0	?0	?8	?0	?0	?9	?0										?0
Shooting stage accounts for										43	?50	?55	?35	?48	?45	?37	?55	?50
	Account for heading stage	8	?0	?0	?9	?0	?0	?10	?0										?0

Claims (3)

1, a kind of sand land mulching film cultivation method for rice, it is characterized in that this method comprises the steps: that (1) choosing ground, level land build up fields, excavate canal system, selectively have abundant water resources down, the mobile semi-fluid that it is good that last direction is checked winds and fixed drifting sand condition moves sand ground, the salinity of water is lower than 29/l, and the field bund of being 40cm is with the ground morsel; Relative relief is 0-15 centimetres between the every ground, and every interior relative relief is 0-2 centimetres; Design canal system again, canal system is made of branch canal, lateral canal, three grades in sublateral canal or lateral canal, sublateral canal secondary, and the canal ridge is higher than 20-30 centimetres of field bunds; (2) shop film; Dig out the dark sandy soil of 15-20cm every ground, tile on it with the plastic film of 0.03-0.1 millimeters thick, backfill sandy soil 15-20cm is thick again, spread film then successively, between per two overlapping 5-15 centimetres, and no-sundries between two films, the shop film should comprise field bund and canal system, also uses cob and cover 5-10cm on film; (3) seedling; Earlier choosing ground, whole do field bund, prop up greenhouse frame; Spread film then, the tiling of available 0.008 millimeter plastic foil, and make between per two films overlapping 5-15 centimetres, and do not have foreign matter between two films, return pure fine sand and the levelling of pad 1-3cm after completing, becoming the pH value with concentrated sulfuric acid thin up is that 2-3 pH values of spraying faces adjustment seedbed, solarization seedbed are 4-5; Cover canopy insulation and insect protected prior to seeding; Seed is carried out sowing after the conventional treatment; Use the base manure of forming by nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer for every square metre prior to seeding; After planting when emergence rate reaches 70%, topdress in total amount identical and ratio with base manure; In addition also need control temperature and moisture to rice shoot, and before transplanting 5-7 days hardenings: (4) rice transplanting, should pour water 3-4 centimetres to the rice field earlier before the rice transplanting, and basal dressing, base manure is made up of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer and little fertilizer; During rice transplanting, should transplant together with rice shoot root soil; (5) field management: a, water management, rice transplanting up to tillering stage the depth of water be 2-3 centimetres; Ineffective tillering phase control water dry field; Shooting stage to heading stage, the depth of water was 7-10 centimetres; Wet before grouting is then taked productive phase, middle solarization, back are wet; B, fertilizer management all should be used chemical fertilizer and be made up of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer the time of infertility of sand rice, divide apply fertilizer according to quantity each breeding time; C, intertill and clean tillage, and prevention and elimination of disease and pests gets final product.

2, sand land mulching film cultivation method for rice as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that before step (3) seedling, and the formulation weight percentage composition of ground, seedbed institute basal dressing is nitrogenous fertilizer 40-50%, phosphate fertilizer 30-40%, potash fertilizer 20-30%.

3, sand land mulching film cultivation method for rice as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that paddy rice is when transplanting in step (4) (5), and the time of infertility, the formulation weight percentage composition of institute's fertilise was nitrogenous fertilizer 40-60%, phosphate fertilizer 15-30%, potash fertilizer 20-35%; Wherein in step (4) the preceding rice field of rice transplanting institute basal dressing account for the time of infertility each component total amount be respectively that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 17-25%, phosphate fertilizer accounts for 18-25%, potash fertilizer is zero, and in base manure, add little fertilizer, little fertilizer is 5-15% of nitrogen in the base manure, phosphate fertilizer total amount, also need execute 100-150kg siliceous fertilizer for every mu when 1 year basal dressing; When in step (5), carrying out field management, impose after turning green fertilizer account for the time of infertility each component total amount be respectively that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 23-25%, phosphate fertilizer accounts for 25-32%, potash fertilizer accounts for 45-55%; Tiller the later stage impose fertilizer account for the time of infertility each component total amount be respectively that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 7-9%, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is zero; The shooting stage dressing fertilizer account for the time of infertility each component total amount be respectively that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 35-45%, phosphate fertilizer accounts for 45-57%, potash fertilizer accounts for 45-55%; Heading stage dressing fertilizer account for the time of infertility each component total amount be respectively that nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 8-10%, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer is zero.