CN107155790A - A kind of method that saline-alkali soil is improved by microbial fermented stalk - Google Patents
A kind of method that saline-alkali soil is improved by microbial fermented stalk Download PDFInfo
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- CN107155790A CN107155790A CN201710528919.1A CN201710528919A CN107155790A CN 107155790 A CN107155790 A CN 107155790A CN 201710528919 A CN201710528919 A CN 201710528919A CN 107155790 A CN107155790 A CN 107155790A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that saline-alkali soil is improved by microbial fermented stalk, comprise the following steps：(1) saline-alkali soil is excavated, microbial fermentation tunnel is built；(2) tunnel improving straw mulching is covered with microorganism species；(3) " de- " the salt alkali process of saline-alkali soil and all standing；(4) root system of plant is improved.The present invention improves saline-alkali soil by the method, can not only improve the ecological environment of beach, and greatly improve the utilization rate of straw-returning.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil improvement field, and in particular to a kind of side that saline-alkali soil is improved by microbial fermented stalk
Method.
Background technology
Jiangsu is located in the middle part of the coastal area of China's Mainland, is Yangtze River Delta important component, wherein, Plain face
More than 70,000 square kilometres of product, accounts for more than the 70% of the whole province's area, is typical great river estuary impact Plain.At the same time, the Changjiang river
Newly bring substantial amounts of silt into every year and enter the Huanghai Sea, form new alluvial plain.These impact Plains are long-term because of saline immersion and wind
Change is acted on, and soluble-salt forms large stretch of Coastal beach weathering saline-alkali soil after redistributing.At present, tidal flat of Jiangsu Province
10310000 mu, the 1/4 of China is accounted for, is important land reserved resources." jiangsu coast great development " strategy has been promoted to national war
Omit, therefore scientific and reasonable has been extremely urgent to the soil progress upgrading improvement of these beach saline-alkalis.
Due to natural physical features and climatic superiority, Jiangsu is exactly the big agricultural province of China since ancient times, possesses cultivated area
68940000 mu, per capita 0.87 mu of arable land.But huge cultivated area brings substantial amounts of stalk, traditional stalk combustion per annual meeting
Substantial amounts of air pollution can be brought by burning stalk, under the relevant policies of country, and " prohibit and burn stalk " turns into everybody common recognition.Existing rank
Section, the utilization of stalk is mainly deep ploughing returning to the field, fermented feed etc., and straw utilization rate is very low, therefore, and the recycling of stalk is
So turn into a difficult problem of the pendulum in face of us.
The method of existing alkaline land improving mainly has four kinds：One is medicament improvement, such as Application No.
CN201210161872.7, the patent Shen of entitled " a kind of alkaline land improving medicament and alkaline land improving afforestation and soil preparation method "
Please, that application discloses one kind by spraying in confection and soil acid-base value, the method for improveing saline-alkali soil, due to saline and alkaline
The saline and alkaline distribution on ground is simultaneously uneven, therefore is difficult to control to using this method drug dose.Two be salt discharge of pouring water, such as Application No.
CN201310328902.3 patent application, salt discharging pipe is installed that application discloses one kind, and melting the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching by the pouring of fresh water acts on,
The moisture in soil is set fully to flow, the method for allowing salinity to be discharged with current by salt discharging pipe is needed due to building salt discharge pipeline
Expend very big human and material resources, and salt discharging pipe is while wash away saline and alkaline, easily causes the loss of soil fertility, is unfavorable for big
The plantation of moldeed depth root system plant.Three be to plough deeply, by ploughing, and salinity in topsoil can be turned upside down to topsoil below,
The less soil of lower floor's saliferous translates into surface.The loose arable layer of energy is turned over, soil capillary is cut off, weakens soil water evaporation,
Efficiently control the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.But plough deeply and may be only available for the saline and alkaline less salt basicity soil for being covered in surface, be not suitable for
Heavy saline is improved.Before four is plantation, the original soil at greenbelt position is tamped, flattened, the double-deck special material of laying every
Absciss layer, such as plastic foil, and the rubble of layer overlay suitable thickness, dividing into plastic tube is used for Drainage of salt, finally by black earth
The a small amount of loess of mixing, backfill is covered in original soil upper surface.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：The purpose of the present invention is to pass through microbial fermentation straw there is provided one kind in view of the shortcomings of the prior art
The method on stalk improvement beach saline-alkali ground.
Technical scheme：In order that Coastal beach weathering saline-alkali soil reaches the requirement needed for suitable plant growth, and combine
The wheat of eastern region large area and the inherent advantage of Rice Cropping, it is proposed that generation of being fermented by stalk inside soil is micro-
Biology is improved to beach weathering saline-alkali soil, and concrete scheme is as follows：
A kind of method that saline-alkali soil is improved by microbial fermented stalk, comprises the following steps：
(1) saline-alkali soil is excavated, microbial fermentation tunnel is built
The surface saline-alkali soil in the region to needing to carry out greening cultivation carries out smooth processing, and is sprinkled on alkaline land soil surface
A small amount of water is spilt, then saline-alkali soil is excavated, the tunnel of excavation is strip, and the excavation width in each tunnel is 80cm
~120cm, the length in each tunnel is similar to the length of afforested areas, and the depth in tunnel is 40cm~50cm, tunnel and tunnel
The distance between control in 2.5m or so, it is necessary to control soil property humidity in excavation, thus ensure tunnel shape；
(2) tunnel improving straw mulching is covered with microorganism species
Crop material is first subjected to chopping processing, 4~7 centimetres of length is controlled, by a small amount of water-soaked of the stalk after crushing
It is paved with afterwards on the microbial fermentation tunnel originally excavated, improving straw mulching thickness is 10cm, and applies a small amount of corruption
The organic fertilizer of erosion, after 15 days~30 days, stalk overstrike or dark brown, and high resilience, when broken, select same
The ripe matter rich soil of latitude covers 10cm on stalk so that the Whole microbial group of shortening rich soil is multiplied,
Form microorganism species soil layer, it is above-mentioned after the completion of, repeat stalks mulching and rich soil；
(3) " de- " the salt alkali process of saline-alkali soil and all standing
By the saline-alkali soil excavated laying on a plastic film, lay as far as possible uniformly, by the rainfall in plum rains season to salt
After alkaline earth layer is rinsed, splashing a small amount of desulfurization gypsum powder and carries out appropriate drying, hereafter will pass through " de- " salt alkali process
Soil to need carry out afforested areas carry out all standing；
(4) root system of plant is improved
After treating that above-mentioned steps are completed, and soil is covered and tended towards stability again, a small amount of Salt And Alkali Tolerance is planted in overlay area
Cover plant, applies an alum rich water for every 15 days~20 days, and the improvement cycle is 9 months~2 years.
Stretched to preferably, microbial fermentation tunnel in described step (1) excavates to finish rear bottom and install several
The drainpipe in outside.
Preferably, the shortening rich soil of the Same Latitude selected in the step (2) need to ensure its soil acid-base
Degree 6.5~7.5, soil organic matter content >=30g/kg.
Preferably, after the completion of the steps (2), 4 layers being contained in microbial fermentation tunnel, has lower floor to upper strata to be followed successively by
Stalk layer, microorganism species soil layer, stalk layer, microorganism species soil layer.
Beneficial effect：The present invention can not only improve the ecological environment of beach by the method, and active response state
Family, which prohibits, burns stalk, the call of comprehensive utilization there is provided a kind of method that beach saline-alkali ground is improved by stalk fermentation three-dimensional, its
Advantage is specific as follows：
1. by the ecological modification method of microbial fermented stalk, improvement cost is low, overcomes " salt discharge of pouring water " method time-consuming
Laborious shortcoming, the also recovery to stalk and comprehensive utilization provides a kind of good method.
2. separating by the gap of stalk, soil capillarity can be effectively blocked, soil Water Evaporation, cut-out is reduced
The passage that underground water salinity is conveyed to earth's surface, has been effectively blocked the saline and alkaline reverse osmosis of deep layer.
3. by migrating the steps such as former alkaline earth, stalks mulching, root system of plant improvement, compared with prior art, add alkaline earth
The depth of improvement so that the plant of deep root system and not saline alkali tolerant plant can be grown in China coast beach.
4. the calcium, magnesium in the humic acid and soil that are formed after straw-returning by microbial action be bonded to calcium humate and
Humic acid magnesium, reduces the basicity of soil, and drops the soil weight after the substantial amounts of water-stable granular structure of Zinc fractions, returning to the field
It is low, total porosity increase.The improvement of soil physical property strengthens the permeability of soil, improves soil water storage fertilizer-preserving ability,
Be conducive to improving the soil moisture, promote the activity of Soil Microorganism and the decomposition of nutrient to utilize, be conducive to the life of crop root
Long development, promotes the absorption activity of root system.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, enforcement place for In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River coastal alluvial plain beach saline-alkali, in the salt
Be intended to build a long 100m, wide 10m greenbelt alkali, the greenbelt need to meet arbor, shrub, the three-dimensional collocation of quilt and close
Collection plantation.Specific implementation step is：
(1) excavate saline-alkali soil and build microbial fermentation tunnel
The surface saline-alkali soil in the region to needing to carry out greening cultivation carries out smooth processing, and is sprinkled on alkaline land soil surface
Spill a small amount of water.Then saline-alkali soil is excavated, the tunnel of excavation is strip, and the excavation width in each tunnel is
80cm, the length in each tunnel is 100m, and the depth in tunnel is 40cm, and the control of the distance between tunnel and tunnel is left in 2.5m
In the right side, the embodiment, 4 microbial fermentation tunnels altogether., it is necessary to control soil property humidity in excavation, thus ensure tunnel into
Shape.
(2) tunnel improving straw mulching is covered with microorganism species
Crop material is first subjected to chopping processing, 4 centimetres of length is controlled, the stalk after crushing is spread with after a small amount of water-soaked
Full improving straw mulching thickness is 10cm on the microbial fermentation tunnel originally excavated, and applies having corroded on a small quantity
Organic fertilizer.After 18 days, stalk overstrike or dark brown, and high resilience, when broken, select the ripe matter of Same Latitude
Rich soil covers 10cm on stalk so that the Whole microbial group of shortening rich soil is multiplied, and forms microorganism
Flora soil layer.
After the completion of above-mentioned, stalks mulching and rich soil are repeated.
It is 6.5 that the shortening rich soil of selected Same Latitude measures soil acidity or alkalinity before covering in this step,
Soil organic matter content is 45g/kg.
(3) " de- " the salt alkali process of saline-alkali soil and all standing
By the saline-alkali soil excavated laying on a plastic film, lay as far as possible uniformly, by the rainfall in plum rains season to salt
After alkaline earth layer is rinsed, splashing a small amount of desulfurization gypsum powder and carries out appropriate drying.Hereafter " de- " salt alkali process will be passed through
Soil to need carry out afforested areas carry out all standing.
(4) root system of plant is improved
After treating that above-mentioned steps are completed, and soil is covered and tended towards stability again, a small amount of Salt And Alkali Tolerance is planted in overlay area
Cover plant, applies an alum rich water for every 15 days, and the improvement cycle is 9 months.
(5) planting
By the fermenting-ripening of 9 months stalks, trees are transplanted.All seeds that screening Same Latitude grows herein, use
The mode of dense planting transplants trees, arbor, shrub, by the principle of solid collocation.Arbor selects wide yulan, glossy privet, deodar, five pins
One or more in pine are transplanted, and the one or more in shrub selection photinia glabra, glossy privet, Euonymus japonicus, camellia are entered
Row plant, ground is completely spread the tuber of dwarf lilyturf.During planting, make appropriate landform processing, form the soil that many height are not waited, shape differs
The flowers and trees of the not salt tolerant such as wide yulan, five-leaved pine are planted in upward slope position or slope and pushed up, such subenvironment salt content is relatively by mound
It is low, it is easy to plant growth, this mode is transplanted seeds and survived more than 10 years, grows fine so far.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, enforcement place for In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River coastal alluvial plain beach saline-alkali, in the salt
Be intended to build a long 100m, wide 2.5m greenbelt alkali, the greenbelt need to meet arbor, shrub, the three-dimensional collocation of quilt and
Intensive plantation.Specific implementation step is：
(1) excavate saline-alkali soil and build microbial fermentation tunnel
The surface saline-alkali soil in the region to needing to carry out greening cultivation carries out smooth processing, and is sprinkled on alkaline land soil surface
Spill a small amount of water.Then saline-alkali soil is excavated, the tunnel of excavation is strip, and the excavation width in each tunnel is
120cm, the length in each tunnel is 100m, and the depth in tunnel is 50cm, and the control of the distance between tunnel and tunnel is left in 2.5m
In the right side, the embodiment, 3 microbial fermentation tunnels altogether., it is necessary to control soil property humidity in excavation, thus ensure tunnel into
Shape.
(2) tunnel improving straw mulching is covered with microorganism species
Crop material is first subjected to chopping processing, 7 centimetres of length is controlled, the stalk after crushing is spread with after a small amount of water-soaked
Full improving straw mulching thickness is 10cm on the microbial fermentation tunnel originally excavated, and applies having corroded on a small quantity
Organic fertilizer.After 15 days, stalk overstrike or dark brown, and high resilience, when broken, select the ripe matter of Same Latitude
Rich soil covers 10cm on stalk so that the Whole microbial group of shortening rich soil is multiplied, and forms microorganism
Flora soil layer.
After the completion of above-mentioned, stalks mulching and rich soil are repeated.
It is 6.8 that the shortening rich soil of selected Same Latitude measures soil acidity or alkalinity before covering in this step,
Soil organic matter content is 48g/kg.
(3) " de- " the salt alkali process of saline-alkali soil and all standing
By the saline-alkali soil excavated laying on a plastic film, lay as far as possible uniformly, by the rainfall in plum rains season to salt
After alkaline earth layer is rinsed, splashing a small amount of desulfurization gypsum powder and carries out appropriate drying.Hereafter " de- " salt alkali process will be passed through
Soil to need carry out afforested areas carry out all standing.
(4) root system of plant is improved
After treating that above-mentioned steps are completed, and soil is covered and tended towards stability again, a small amount of Salt And Alkali Tolerance is planted in overlay area
Cover plant, applies an alum rich water for every 20 days, and the improvement cycle is 2 years.
(5) planting
By the fermenting-ripening of 2 years stalks, trees are transplanted.All seeds that screening Same Latitude grows herein, using close
The mode of plant transplants trees, arbor, shrub, by the principle of solid collocation.Arbor selects wide yulan, glossy privet, deodar, five-leaved pine
In one or more transplanted, shrub selection photinia glabra, glossy privet, Euonymus japonicus, one or more in camellia are carried out
Plant, ground is completely spread the tuber of dwarf lilyturf.During planting, make appropriate landform processing, form the soil that many height are not waited, shape differs
The flowers and trees of the not salt tolerant such as wide yulan, five-leaved pine are planted in upward slope position or slope and pushed up, such subenvironment salt content is relatively by mound
It is low, it is easy to plant growth, this mode is transplanted seeds and survived more than 10 years, grows fine so far.
Pass through both examples above, it has been found that arbor, shrub and ground are grown fine, survival rate reach 90% with
On, greenbelt meet arbor, shrub, quilt three-dimensional collocation and the technical requirements of intensive plantation.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, enforcement place for In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River coastal alluvial plain beach saline-alkali, in the salt
Be intended to build a long 100m, wide 2.5m greenbelt alkali, the greenbelt need to meet arbor, shrub, the three-dimensional collocation of quilt and
Intensive plantation.Specific implementation step is：
(1) excavate saline-alkali soil and build microbial fermentation tunnel
The surface saline-alkali soil in the region to needing to carry out greening cultivation carries out smooth processing, and is sprinkled on alkaline land soil surface
Spill a small amount of water.Then saline-alkali soil is excavated, the tunnel of excavation is strip, and the excavation width in each tunnel is
100cm, the length in each tunnel is 100m, and the depth in tunnel is 45cm, and the control of the distance between tunnel and tunnel is left in 2.5m
In the right side, the embodiment, 5 microbial fermentation tunnels altogether., it is necessary to control soil property humidity in excavation, thus ensure tunnel into
Shape.
(2) tunnel improving straw mulching is covered with microorganism species
Crop material is first subjected to chopping processing, 6 centimetres of length is controlled, the stalk after crushing is spread with after a small amount of water-soaked
Full improving straw mulching thickness is 10cm on the microbial fermentation tunnel originally excavated, and applies having corroded on a small quantity
Organic fertilizer.After 22 days, stalk overstrike or dark brown, and high resilience, when broken, select the ripe matter of Same Latitude
Rich soil covers 10cm on stalk so that the Whole microbial group of shortening rich soil is multiplied, and forms microorganism
Flora soil layer.
After the completion of above-mentioned, stalks mulching and rich soil are repeated.
It is 7.5 that the shortening rich soil of selected Same Latitude measures soil acidity or alkalinity before covering in this step,
Soil organic matter content is 48g/kg
(3) " de- " the salt alkali process of saline-alkali soil and all standing
By the saline-alkali soil excavated laying on a plastic film, lay as far as possible uniformly, by the rainfall in plum rains season to salt
After alkaline earth layer is rinsed, splashing a small amount of desulfurization gypsum powder and carries out appropriate drying.Hereafter " de- " salt alkali process will be passed through
Soil to need carry out afforested areas carry out all standing.
(4) root system of plant is improved
After treating that above-mentioned steps are completed, and soil is covered and tended towards stability again, a small amount of Salt And Alkali Tolerance is planted in overlay area
Cover plant, applies an alum rich water for every 18 days, and the improvement cycle is 18 months.
(5) planting
By the fermenting-ripening of 2 years stalks, trees are transplanted.All seeds that screening Same Latitude grows herein, using close
The mode of plant transplants trees, arbor, shrub, by the principle of solid collocation.Arbor selects wide yulan, glossy privet, deodar, five-leaved pine
In one or more transplanted, shrub selection photinia glabra, glossy privet, Euonymus japonicus, one or more in camellia are carried out
Plant, ground is completely spread the tuber of dwarf lilyturf.During planting, make appropriate landform processing, form the soil that many height are not waited, shape differs
The flowers and trees of the not salt tolerant such as wide yulan, five-leaved pine are planted in upward slope position or slope and pushed up, such subenvironment salt content is relatively by mound
It is low, it is easy to plant growth, this mode is transplanted seeds and survived more than 10 years, grows fine so far.
Pass through both examples above, it has been found that arbor, shrub and ground are grown fine, survival rate reach 90% with
On, greenbelt meet arbor, shrub, quilt three-dimensional collocation and the technical requirements of intensive plantation.
3 kinds of embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, be not intended to limit the invention that embodiment applied is green
Change band, for those skilled in the art, the present invention can also be applied to the plantation of the similar other greenbelts in salt-soda soil
Cheng Zhong, and can have various improvement, a change, including be to adapt to different plant seeds, such as renovates the change of depth, it is all
In the principle and scope of the present invention, modification, retouching, improvement for being made etc. should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method that saline-alkali soil is improved by microbial fermented stalk, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
(1) saline-alkali soil is excavated, microbial fermentation tunnel is built
The surface saline-alkali soil in the region to needing to carry out greening cultivation carries out smooth processing, and is splashed less on alkaline land soil surface
The water of amount, is then excavated to saline-alkali soil, and the tunnel of excavation is strip, the excavation width in each tunnel for 80cm~
120cm, the length in each tunnel is similar to the length of afforested areas, and the depth in tunnel is 40cm~50cm, tunnel and tunnel it
Between distance controlling in 2.5m or so, it is necessary to control soil property humidity in excavation, thus ensure tunnel shape；
(2) tunnel improving straw mulching is covered with microorganism species
Crop material is first subjected to chopping processing, 4~7 centimetres of length is controlled, the stalk after crushing is spread with after a small amount of water-soaked
Full improving straw mulching thickness is 10cm on the microbial fermentation tunnel originally excavated, and applies having corroded on a small quantity
Organic fertilizer, after 15 days~30 days, stalk overstrike or dark brown, and high resilience, when broken, select Same Latitude
Ripe matter rich soil 10cm is covered on stalk so that the Whole microbial group of shortening rich soil is multiplied, formed
Microorganism species soil layer, it is above-mentioned after the completion of, repeat stalks mulching and rich soil；
(3) " de- " the salt alkali process of saline-alkali soil and all standing
By the saline-alkali soil excavated laying on a plastic film, lay as far as possible uniformly, by the rainfall in plum rains season to saline-alkali soil
After layer is rinsed, splashing a small amount of desulfurization gypsum powder and carries out appropriate drying, hereafter by the soil Jing Guo " de- " salt alkali process
Earth carries out all standing to the afforested areas for needing to carry out；
(4) root system of plant is improved
Treat that above-mentioned steps are completed, and after soil is covered and tended towards stability again, a small amount of Salt And Alkali Tolerance is planted in overlay area quilt
Plant, applies an alum rich water for every 15 days~20 days, and the improvement cycle is 9 months~2 years.
2. the method according to claim 1 that saline-alkali soil is improved by microbial fermented stalk, it is characterised in that：It is described
The shortening rich soil of Same Latitude selected in step (2) need to ensure its soil acidity or alkalinity 6.5~7.5, the soil organism
Content >=30g/kg.
3. the method according to claim 1 that saline-alkali soil is improved by microbial fermented stalk, it is characterised in that：It is described
After the completion of step (2), 4 layers are contained in microbial fermentation tunnel, has lower floor to upper strata to be followed successively by stalk layer, microorganism species soil property
Layer, stalk layer, microorganism species soil layer.
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| CN107646223A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-02-02 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区新型肥料研究中心) | A kind of original soil modification method and its device suitable for heavy salinized ground |
| CN108040523A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-05-18 | 天津滨海旅游区公用事业发展有限公司 | A kind of method for using complex microorganism saline and alkaline lean soil being promoted to organise |
| CN108157051A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-06-15 | 广西壮歌农业科技桑博园有限责任公司 | A kind of implantation methods of mulberry tree |
| CN108834465A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2018-11-20 | 张振洋 | A kind of saline and alkaline rice field fertility modification method |
| CN108834465B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2021-04-30 | 黑龙江万丰德肥料有限公司 | Saline-alkali rice field fertility improvement method |
| CN113179854A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-07-30 | 沧州职业技术学院 | Method for cultivating morchella in saline-alkali soil greenhouse |
| CN113179854B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-07-26 | 沧州职业技术学院 | Method for cultivating morchella in saline-alkali soil greenhouse |
| CN114710990A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-08 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Construction method of saline-alkali pond ridge ecological slope |
| CN114710990B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-07-14 | 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 | Construction method of saline-alkali pond ridge ecological slope |
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Application publication date: 20170915 |