WO2019042362A1 - 电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质 - Google Patents

电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042362A1
WO2019042362A1 PCT/CN2018/103271 CN2018103271W WO2019042362A1 WO 2019042362 A1 WO2019042362 A1 WO 2019042362A1 CN 2018103271 W CN2018103271 W CN 2018103271W WO 2019042362 A1 WO2019042362 A1 WO 2019042362A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
equalization
module
turned
needs
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PCT/CN2018/103271
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗红斌
王超
沈晓峰
曾求勇
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比亚迪股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019042362A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042362A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery pack equalization, and in particular to a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium.
  • the power battery pack is an important part of it. Since the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single cells in series, the difference between the cells in the battery pack gradually increases with the use of the battery, resulting in poor consistency between the battery cells. Due to the short board effect of the battery, the battery pack capacity cannot be fully utilized, resulting in a decrease in the overall capacity of the battery pack. Therefore, effective balancing management of the electric vehicle battery pack is beneficial to improve the consistency of each unit battery in the power battery pack, reduce the battery capacity loss, extend the battery life and the driving range of the electric vehicle. The meaning.
  • the battery equalization system usually adopts a passive equalization method, that is, a resistor is connected in parallel across the respective battery cells.
  • a resistor is connected in parallel across the respective battery cells.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium, which are used to solve the technical problem that a battery equalization system adopting a passive equalization method in the related art has a waste of power during equalization.
  • the present application provides a battery equalization system, where the battery equalization system includes:
  • An acquisition module configured to collect parameter information of the single battery in the battery group
  • An equalization module configured to perform equalization processing on a single battery that needs to be balanced by a battery, where the battery is connected to a single battery in the battery;
  • a control module configured to: when determining, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on, the equalization module is controlled to be discharged to the battery by the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • the equalization module includes an equalization circuit, and the equalization circuit includes a discharge branch connected in parallel with each of the battery cells, and the discharge branch corresponds to the single battery.
  • each of the discharge branches is connected to the battery; each of the discharge branches is provided with a DC voltage converter, and a low voltage input end of the DC voltage converter is connected to a positive pole of the single battery The high voltage output of the DC voltage converter is connected to the positive pole of the battery.
  • each of the discharge branches further has a switch controlled by the control module; when the switch is turned on under the control of the control module, the discharge branch where the switch is located is turned on So that the unit cells that need to be turned on are discharged to the battery.
  • the parameter information includes voltage values of the respective single cells
  • the control module is configured to determine, by using the following manner, the single battery that needs to be turned on:
  • control module is respectively connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single cell through two channels.
  • control module includes a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected to an acquisition module and an equalization module corresponding to the same single cell through two pins, and the two pins are connected to the two channels.
  • the control chip is respectively connected to an acquisition module and an equalization module corresponding to the same single cell through two pins, and the two pins are connected to the two channels.
  • one of the two pins is connected to the equalization module through one of the two channels, and the other of the two pins passes through the two channels.
  • Another channel is connected to the acquisition module.
  • control module is connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single cell through a channel, and the acquisition module and the equalization module time-multiplex the channels.
  • control module includes a control chip, and the control chip is connected to an acquisition module and an equalization module corresponding to the same single cell through a pin, and the pin passes through the channel and the equalization module and the The acquisition module is connected.
  • control module is further configured to: when determining, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on, obtain a target equalization time of the single battery that needs to be turned on, And controlling the equalization module to discharge the unit battery that needs to be balanced to the battery according to the target equalization duration of the unit cell that needs to be turned on.
  • control module controls, according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, that the equalization module turns on the discharge branch corresponding to the unit cell that needs to be turned on, so that the required balance is required to be turned on.
  • the unit cell is discharged to the battery, and the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of an equalization period to a unit period of the unit cells that need to be equalized, and the unit period includes the equalization period and an acquisition period .
  • the application also provides a vehicle including the battery equalization system described above.
  • the application also provides a battery equalization method for a vehicle including a battery, the method comprising:
  • the method before controlling the discharging of the unit battery that needs to be turned on to the battery, the method further includes:
  • the voltage of the output of the unit cell that needs to be turned on is passed through a DC voltage converter to be converted into a voltage that is adapted to the battery.
  • the parameter information includes voltage values of the respective single cells
  • Determining that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on including:
  • the vehicle includes a battery equalization system
  • the battery equalization system includes: an equalization module, an acquisition module, and a control module, wherein the control module is connected to the acquisition module and the equalization module corresponding to the same single battery through one channel, The acquisition module and the equalization module time-multiplex the channels;
  • the collecting parameter information of the single battery in the single battery in the battery pack includes:
  • Determining that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on including:
  • the control module determines that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on, the target equalization time and balance of the single battery that needs to be balanced are obtained.
  • a ratio of the equalization period to the unit period of the unit cell that needs to be turned on, and the unit period includes the equalization period and the acquisition period;
  • the controlling the discharging of the unit battery that needs to be turned on to the battery comprises:
  • the control module controls the battery cells that need to be turned on to be discharged to the battery according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the unit cells that need to be turned on.
  • the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery equalization method described above.
  • the single cell that needs to be turned on is discharged to the battery by controlling the equalization module, thereby reducing the consistency between the individual cells in the battery pack.
  • the passive equalization method is used for discharging, the energy difference is saved, and the technical problem that the battery equalization system adopting the passive equalization method in the related art has a waste of power during the equalization is solved.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equalization circuit of a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a method for determining that a single battery needs to be turned on in a step included in a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equalization circuit of a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization system is applied to an automobile including a battery 33.
  • the battery equalization system includes an acquisition module 12, an equalization module 13, and a control module 14, wherein the battery unit 11 is composed of a plurality of cells.
  • the batteries 111 are connected in series.
  • the control module 14 is connected to the acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 corresponding to the same unit cell 111 via two channels 120 , 130 , respectively.
  • the control module 14 includes a control chip, and the control chip is respectively connected to the acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through two pins, and the two pins and the two channels 120 One-to-one correspondence, one of the two pins is connected to the equalization module 13 through the channel 130, and the other of the two pins passes through the channel 120 and the The acquisition module 12 is connected.
  • the collecting module 12 is configured to collect parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 , and send the collected parameter information of the battery pack to the control module 14 , the battery pack 11 .
  • the unit cells 111 in the one-to-one correspondence with the acquisition module 12.
  • the parameter information includes information such as a battery voltage and a temperature.
  • the control module 14 controls the acquisition module 12 to collect parameter information of the battery pack 11 by turning on the channel 120.
  • the equalization module 13 is configured to perform equalization processing on the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11.
  • the channel 130 between the equalization module 13 and the control module 14 is turned on, and the equalization module 13 can be used to connect the unit cells 111 that need to be equalized to the battery 33, thereby passing through the unit that needs to be balanced.
  • the battery 111 charges the battery 33.
  • the equalization module 13 includes an equalization circuit including a discharge branch 133 parallel to each of the single cells 111 of the battery pack 11, the discharge branch 133. One-to-one correspondence with the unit cells 111, and each of the discharge branches 133 is connected to the battery 33.
  • each of the discharge branches 133 is provided with a DC voltage converter 134, and the low voltage input terminal of the DC voltage converter 134 Connected to the anode of the unit cell 111, the high voltage output end of the DC voltage converter 134 is connected to the anode of the battery 33, and the voltage outputted by the unit cell 111 is converted by the DC voltage converter 134.
  • the control module 14 controls the discharge branch 133 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on to be turned on.
  • each of the discharge branches 133 is further provided with a switch 135 controlled by the control module 14; when the control module 14 controls the switch 135 to be closed, the switch 135 The discharge branch 133 is turned on, and the battery 33 forms a loop with the unit cell 111 to charge the unit cell 111.
  • the switch 135 is a relay switch, and the control module 14 controls the switch 135 to be turned on or off by outputting a control signal.
  • control module 14 is configured to determine, when the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on, according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11,
  • the channel 130 is turned on, and the equalization module 13 is controlled to conduct the discharge branch 133 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, so that the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on is discharged to the Battery 33.
  • the control module 14 can determine the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on by:
  • the smallest voltage value among the voltage values of the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11 is used as a reference voltage value.
  • the unit cell 111 having a voltage difference greater than or equal to the preset voltage difference threshold is determined as It is described that the balanced unit cell 111 needs to be turned on.
  • control module 14 is configured to determine, when the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 needs to be turned on, according to the parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11, for example, to start balancing according to the requirement.
  • the voltage value of the single cell 111 and the reference voltage value are obtained, and the target equalization time length of the single cell 111 that needs to be turned on is obtained, and the target equalization time length of the balanced cell 111 is turned on according to the need to control the
  • the equalizing module 13 turns on the discharge branch 133 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, so that the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on is discharged to the battery 33.
  • control module 14 controls the equalization module 13 to discharge the battery 33 to the battery 33 according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, and the equalization duty ratio is The ratio of the equalization period to the unit period of the unit cell 111 that needs to be equalized is described.
  • One unit period includes: the equalization period and the acquisition period.
  • the collection module 12 collects parameter information of the battery pack 11; during the equalization period, the equalization module 13 equalizes the unit cells 111 that need to be balanced in the battery pack 11 deal with.
  • the acquisition module 12 may determine a minimum voltage value among the voltage values of the single cells 111 of the battery pack 11 as the reference voltage value, and the preset voltage difference threshold may be 5 mV (or Other values).
  • the control module 14 compares the minimum voltage value Vmin in each of the single cells 111, and determines whether the difference between the voltage value of each of the single cells 111 of the battery pack 11 and Vmin is less than 5 mV. If so, the battery pack 11 has a good uniformity and does not need to be equalized; if it is greater than 5 mV, the single-cell battery 111 having a difference from Vmin of more than 5 mV is used as the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on. Then, the control module 14 controls the equalization module 13 to turn on the discharge branch 133 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and start discharging to the battery 33.
  • the control module 14 can continuously read the voltage information of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and determine whether the voltage difference between Vmin and the unit cell is less than 5 mV. If yes, disconnect the discharge branch 133 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and the equalization ends; if it is still greater than 5 mV, continue to cyclically read the voltage information of the unit 111 that needs to be turned on. Until the voltage difference between Vmin and the single cell is less than 5 mV, the discharge branch 133 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on is turned off, and the equalization ends.
  • the voltage value and the Vmin of the balanced unit cell 111 can be turned on according to the requirement, and the target equalization period of the unit cell 111 that needs to be balanced can be calculated. And after the start of the discharge, the discharge duration of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on is counted, and when the difference between the discharge duration of the unit cell 111 and the target equalization period is within a threshold range, the The discharge branch 133 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on is turned off, and the equalization ends.
  • the discharge branch corresponding to the single-cell battery that needs to be turned on is turned on by the control equalization module, so that the single that needs to be balanced is turned on.
  • the battery is discharged to the battery, thereby reducing the difference in consistency between the individual cells in the battery pack, and saving energy compared with the equalization scheme using the passive equalization method for discharging in the related art, and solving the passive use in the related art.
  • a balanced battery balancing system has technical problems of wasting power during equalization.
  • FIG. 3 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization system includes an acquisition module 12, an equalization module 13, and a control module 14, wherein the battery pack 11 is formed by connecting a plurality of single cells 111 in series.
  • the difference from the battery equalization system in FIG. 1 is that the control module 14 of the battery equalization system in FIG. 3 is connected to the acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through a channel 140, the acquisition module. 12 and the equalization module 13 time-multiplex the channel 140.
  • control module 14 determines that the unit cells 111 do not need to be equalized
  • the control module 14 is connected to the corresponding collection module 12 through the channel 140; or, when the control module 14 determines that the unit cells 111 need to be performed During the equalization, the collection module 12 and the equalization module 13 of the unit cell 111 are time-multiplexed with the channel 140.
  • the control module 14 is connected to the corresponding acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 by the channel 140.
  • the control module 14 includes a control chip, and the control chip is connected to the acquisition module 12 and the equalization module 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through a pin, and the pin passes through the channel 140 and the equalization module 13 Connected to the acquisition module 12.
  • the control module 14 controls the equalization module 13 to discharge the battery to the battery through the unit battery that needs to be turned on according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio.
  • the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of an equalization period and a unit period of the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on, and the unit period includes the equalization period and an acquisition period.
  • the equalization duty ratio may also be a ratio of the duration of the channel 140 occupied by the equalization module 13 to the total duration occupied by the channel 140; wherein the total duration of the channel 140 is occupied.
  • the length of time that the equalization module 13 occupies the channel 140 and the duration that the acquisition module 12 occupies the channel 140 are included.
  • the control module 14 connects the channel 140 to the acquisition module 12, and further controls the collection module 12 to collect parameter information of the battery pack 11; then, the control module 14 is configured to obtain a target equalization time period of the single-cell 111 that needs to be turned on, when it is determined that the single-cell battery 111 needs to be turned on in the battery pack 11 according to the parameter information of the single-cell battery 111 in the battery pack 11 And equalizing the duty ratio, and connecting the channel 140 to the equalization module 13 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on. Then, the control module 14 turns on the balanced unit cell 111 according to the need.
  • the equalization interval and the equalization duty ratio control the equalization module 13 turns on the discharge branch 133 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, that is, the control module 14 can follow the target equalization time and equalization duty.
  • the conduction time of the switch 135 in FIG. 2 is controlled.
  • control module 14 determines an equalization period and an acquisition period according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty, and the sum of the equalization period and the acquisition period is equal to the channel 140 being The total length of time occupied; in the collecting period, the channel 140 is connected to the collecting module 12, so that the collecting module 12 collects parameter information of the battery pack 11; in the equalizing period, the channel The equalization module 13 that needs to perform equalization processing is connected to the 140, and the equalization module 13 is in an on state, so that the equalization module 13 performs equalization processing on the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11 that need to be equalized.
  • control module in the present application is time-multiplexed with one channel of the voltage sampling circuit and the equalization module of each unit cell, the number of channels of the control module is reduced, thereby reducing the hardware cost; and due to battery sampling and equalization Separately, the equalization current does not affect the battery voltage, which improves the accuracy of the battery voltage sampling.
  • the application also provides a vehicle including the battery equalization system described above.
  • the battery equalization system included in the vehicle is described in detail in the embodiment of the above battery equalization system, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the battery equalization method is applied to a vehicle including a battery, and the method includes the following steps.
  • Step S41 collecting parameter information of the single cells in the single cells in the battery pack.
  • Step S42 determining, according to parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack, that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on.
  • Step S43 controlling the battery cells that need to be turned on to be discharged to the battery.
  • the method before controlling the discharging of the unit battery that needs to be turned on to the battery, the method further includes: converting a voltage outputted by the unit that needs to be turned on by a DC voltage converter to convert to a suitable voltage. The voltage applied to the battery.
  • the parameter information includes voltage values of the respective single cells, and determining that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on, includes the following steps.
  • Step S421 determining a minimum voltage value among voltage values of the individual cells in the battery pack as a reference voltage value.
  • Step S422 determining, according to a voltage difference between a voltage value of each single cell in the battery group and the reference voltage value, a cell having a voltage difference greater than or equal to a preset voltage difference threshold as the need Turn on the balanced single cell.
  • FIG. 6 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the vehicle includes a battery equalization system, and the battery equalization system includes: an equalization module, an acquisition module, and a control module, and the control module passes through a channel and an acquisition module and an equalization module corresponding to the same single battery. Connected, the acquisition module and the equalization module time-multiplex the channels; the method includes the following steps.
  • Step S61 collecting, by the collecting module, parameter information of the single battery in the battery group.
  • step S62 according to the parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack, when the control module determines that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be balanced, the target equalization time of the single battery that needs to be balanced is obtained.
  • an equalization duty ratio wherein the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of an equalization period to a unit period of the unit cells that need to be turned on, and the unit period includes the equalization period and an acquisition period.
  • step S63 the control module controls the battery cells that need to be turned on to be discharged to the battery according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the unit cells that need to be turned on.
  • the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery equalization method described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质，其中，电池均衡***包括：采集模块（12），用于采集电池组（11）中单体电池（111）的参数信息；均衡模块（13），用于通过蓄电池（33）对需要开启均衡的单体电池（111）进行均衡处理，所述蓄电池（33）与所述电池组（11）中的单体电池（111）连接；控制模块（14），用于在根据所述电池组（11）的参数信息确定所述电池组（11）中有单体电池（111）需要开启均衡时，控制所述均衡模块（13）通过所述需要开启均衡的单体电池（111）放电给所述蓄电池（33）。通过控制均衡模块（13）将需要开启均衡的单体电池（111）放电给蓄电池（33），解决了相关技术中采用被动均衡方式的电池均衡***在均衡时存在浪费电能的技术问题。

Description

电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2017年08月31日提交的、申请名称为“电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质”的、中国专利申请号“201710773454.6”的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池组均衡领域，具体地，涉及一种电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质。
背景技术
在电动汽车中，动力电池组是其重要的组成部分。由于电池组是由多个单体电池串联连接而成，随着电池的使用，电池组中各单体间的差异性逐渐扩大，导致电池单体间一致性差。由于电池的短板效应，使电池组容量不能充分发挥，导致电池组的整体容量减少。因此，对电动汽车动力电池组进行有效的均衡管理，有利于提高动力电池组中各单体电池的一致性，减少电池的容量损失，延长电池的使用寿命及电动汽车续驶里程，具有十分重要的意义。
在相关均衡技术实际应用中，电池均衡***通常采用被动均衡方式，即在各单体电池两端并联一个电阻，当需要均衡时，通过电阻将电量较多的电池的电量放出一部分，以达到与电量较少的电池一致的效果。
相关技术的均衡***中，由于采用被动均衡方式，电池均衡***在均衡时，电量较多的电池放出的电量会转换成电阻的热量，进而导致电能的浪费。
申请内容
本申请的目的是提供一种电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质，用于解决相关技术中采用被动均衡方式的电池均衡***在均衡时存在浪费电能的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，本申请提供一种电池均衡***，所述电池均衡***包括：
采集模块，用于采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
均衡模块，用于通过蓄电池对需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，所述蓄电池与所述电池组中的单体电池连接；
控制模块，用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述均衡模块通过所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
可选地，所述均衡模块包括均衡电路，所述均衡电路包括与所述电池组中的每一个单体电池均并联的放电支路，所述放电支路与所述单体电池一一对应，且每个所述放电支路均连接于所述蓄电池；每个所述放电支路均设有直流电压转换器，所述直流电压转换器的低压输入端连接于所述单体电池的正极，所述直流电压转换器的高压输出端连接于所述蓄电池的正极。
可选地，每个所述放电支路还设有受控于所述控制模块的开关；当所述开关在所述控制模块的控制下导通时，所述开关所在的放电支路导通，以使所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
可选地，所述参数信息包括各个单体电池的电压值；
所述控制模块用于通过以下方式确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池：
将所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值中最小的电压值确定为参考电压值；
根据所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值与所述参考电压值之间的电压差值，将电压差值大于或等于预设电压差阈值的单体电池确定为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池。
可选地，所述控制模块通过两个通道分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接。
可选地，所述控制模块包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过两个引脚分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，所述两个引脚与所述两个通道一一对应，所述两个引脚中的一个引脚通过所述两个通道中的一个通道与所述均衡模块连接，所述两个引脚中的另一引脚通过所述两个通道中的另一通道与所述采集模块连接。
可选地，所述控制模块通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，该采集模块和该均衡模块分时复用所述通道。
可选地，所述控制模块包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，所述引脚通过所述通道与所述均衡模块和所述采集模块连接。
可选地，所述控制模块还用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长，并按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡模块将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
可选地，所述控制模块根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡模块将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的放电支路导通，以使所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电 给所述蓄电池，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。
本申请还提供了一种车辆，包括上述的电池均衡***。
本申请还提供了一种电池均衡方法，应用于包括蓄电池的车辆，该方法包括：
采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息；
根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡；
控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
可选地，在控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池之前，所述方法还包括：
将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池输出的电压经过直流电压转换器以转换为适配于所述蓄电池的电压。
可选地，所述参数信息包括各个单体电池的电压值；
所述确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡，包括：
将所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值中最小的电压值确定为参考电压值；
根据所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值与所述参考电压值之间的电压差值，将电压差值大于或等于预设电压差阈值的单体电池确定为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池。
可选地，所述车辆包括电池均衡***，所述电池均衡***包括：均衡模块、采集模块以及控制模块，所述控制模块通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，该采集模块和该均衡模块分时复用所述通道；
所述采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息，包括：
通过所述采集模块采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
所述确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡，包括：
根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息，通过所述控制模块确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段；
所述控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池，包括：
所述控制模块按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
本申请还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的电池均衡方法。
本申请的实施例提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果：
本申请在确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过控制均衡模块将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给蓄电池，从而减小电池组中各单体电池之间的一致性差异，与相关技术中采用被动均衡方式进行放电的均衡方案相比，节约了能源，解决了相关技术中采用被动均衡方式的电池均衡***在均衡时存在浪费电能的技术问题。
本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本申请，但并不构成对本申请的限制。在附图中：
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的框图。
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的均衡电路示意图。
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的另一框图。
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的流程图。
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法包括的步骤中确定有单体电池需要开启均衡的流程图。
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本申请的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本申请，并不用于限制本申请。
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的框图，图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的均衡电路示意图。如图1和图2所示，所述电池均衡***应用于包括蓄电池33的汽车中，该电池均衡***包括采集模块12、均衡模块13以及控制模块14，其中电池组11是由多个单体电池111串联连接而成。
在图1中，所述控制模块14通过两个通道120、130分别与对应于同一单体电池111的采集模块12和均衡模块13连接。所述控制模块14包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过两个引脚分别与对应于同一单体电池111的采集模块12和均衡模块13连接，所述两个引脚与所述两个通道120、130一一对应，所述两个引脚中的一个引脚通过所述通道130与所述均衡模块13连接，所述两个引脚中的另一引脚通过所述通道120与所述采集模块12连接。
如图1所示，所述采集模块12用于采集电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息，并向所述控制模块14发送采集到的所述电池组的参数信息，所述电池组11中的单体电池111 与采集模块12一一对应。其中，所述参数信息包括电池电压、温度等信息。所述控制模块14通过将通道120导通，进而控制所述述采集模块12采集电池组11的参数信息。
如图1和图2所示，所述均衡模块13用于对所述电池组11中的单体电池111进行均衡处理，当所述电池组11中有需要均衡的单体电池111时，所述均衡模块13与所述控制模块14之间的通道130导通，所述均衡模块13可以用于将所述需要均衡的单体电池111连接于蓄电池33，进而通过所述需要均衡的单体电池111对所述蓄电池33进行充电。
请参照图1和图2，所述均衡模块13包括均衡电路，所述均衡电路包括与所述电池组11中的每一个单体电池111均并联的放电支路133，所述放电支路133与所述单体电池111一一对应，且每个所述放电支路133均连接于所述蓄电池33。
由于所述蓄电池33输出的电压与单体电池111的电压有可能会不同，因此，每个所述放电支路133均设有直流电压转换器134，所述直流电压转换器134的低压输入端连接于所述单体电池111的正极，所述直流电压转换器134的高压输出端连接于所述蓄电池33的正极，通过所述直流电压转换器134将所述单体电池111输出的电压转换为适配于所述蓄电池33的电压。当所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，所述控制模块14控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111对应的放电支路133导通。
如图1和图2所示，每个所述放电支路133还设有受控于所述控制模块14的开关135；当所述控制模块14控制所述开关135闭合时，所述开关135所在的放电支路133导通，所述蓄电池33与所述单体电池111形成回路以对所述单体电池111充电。可选地，所述开关135为继电器开关，所述控制模块14通过输出控制信号控制所述开关135导通或断开。
如图1和图2所示，所述控制模块14用于在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，将对应的通道130导通，并控制所述均衡模块13将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的放电支路133导通，以使所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111放电给所述蓄电池33。
所述控制模块14可以通过以下方式确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111：
首先，根据所述采集模块12采集到的所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值，将所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值中最小的电压值作为参考电压值；
然后，根据所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值与所述参考电压值之间的电压差值，将电压差值大于或等于预设电压差阈值的单体电池111确定为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111。
可选地，所述控制模块14用于在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，比如根据所述需要开启均衡的单体电池 111的电压值和所述参考电压值，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长，并按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡模块13将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的放电支路133导通，以使所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111放电给所述蓄电池33。
进一步地，所述控制模块14根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡模块13通过所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池33，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值。一个单位周期包括：所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。在所述采集时间段，所述采集模块12采集所述电池组11的参数信息；在所述均衡时间段，所述均衡模块13对所述电池组11中需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
举例来讲，所述采集模块12可以将所述电池组11的各单体电池111的电压值中最小的电压值确定为所述参考电压值，所述预设电压差阈值可以为5mV(或者其它数值)。首先，所述控制模块14经比较得到各单体电池111中最小电压值Vmin，并判定所述电池组11的各单体电池111的电压值与Vmin的差值是否小于5mV。如果是，则所述电池组11均衡一致性很好，不需要均衡；如果大于5mV，则将与Vmin差值大于5mV的单体电池111作为需要开启均衡的单体电池111。然后，所述控制模块14控制所述均衡模块13将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的放电支路133导通，开始放电给所述蓄电池33。
在放电过程中，所述控制模块14可以不断读取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压信息，并判断Vmin与该单体电池的电压差值是否小于5mV。如果是，则断开所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的放电支路133，均衡结束；如果仍大于5mV，则继续循环读取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压信息，直到Vmin与该单体电池的电压差值小于5mV，控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的放电支路133断开，均衡结束。
其中，在确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111后，也可以根据所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压值和Vmin，计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长，进而在放电开始后，统计对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的放电时长，当该单体电池111的放电时长与所述目标均衡时长的差值在阈值范围内时，控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的放电支路133断开，均衡结束。
本申请在确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过控制均衡模块将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的放电支路导通，以使所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给蓄电池，从而减小电池组中各单体电池之间的一致性差异，与相关技术中采用被动均衡方式进行放电的均衡方案相比，节约了能源，解决了相关技术中采用被动均衡方式的电池 均衡***在均衡时存在浪费电能的技术问题。
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的另一框图。如图3和图2所示，所述电池均衡***包括采集模块12、均衡模块13以及控制模块14，其中电池组11是由多个单体电池111串联连接而成。与图1中的电池均衡***的区别在于，在图3中电池均衡***的所述控制模块14通过一个通道140与对应于同一单体电池111的采集模块12和均衡模块13连接，该采集模块12和该均衡模块13分时复用所述通道140。
当所述控制模块14确定单体电池111不需要进行均衡时，所述控制模块14通过所述通道140与对应的采集模块12连接；或者，当所述控制模块14确定单体电池111需要进行均衡时，该单体电池111对应的采集模块12和均衡模块13分时复用通道140，即所述控制模块14通过所述通道140分时连接于对应的采集模块12和均衡模块13。所述控制模块14包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池111的采集模块12和均衡模块13连接，所述引脚通过所述通道140与所述均衡模块13和所述采集模块12连接。
可选地，如图3和图2所示，所述控制模块14根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡模块13通过所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池33，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。在图3中，所述均衡占空比也可以为所述均衡模块13占用所述通道140的时长与所述通道140被占用的总时长之比；其中，所述通道140被占用的总时长包括所述均衡模块13占用所述通道140的时长以及所述采集模块12占用所述通道140的时长。
如图3和图2所示，首先，所述控制模块14将通道140联通于所述采集模块12，进而可以控制所述述采集模块12采集电池组11的参数信息；接着，所述控制模块14用于在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，并将所述通道140联通于所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的均衡模块13；然后，所述控制模块14按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制该均衡模块13将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的放电支路133导通，即所述控制模块14可以按照该目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制图2中开关135的导通时间。
可选地，所述控制模块14根据所述目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比确定均衡时间段和采集时间段，所述均衡时间段和所述采集时间段之和等于所述通道140被占用的总时长；在所述采集时间段，所述通道140连通所述采集模块12，以使所述采集模块12采集所述电池组11的参数信息；在所述均衡时间段，所述通道140连通需要进行均衡处理的均 衡模块13，且该均衡模块13处于导通状态，以使所述均衡模块13对所述电池组11中需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
由于本申请中的控制模块与每一节单体电池的电压采样电路和均衡模块分时复用一个通道，减少了对控制模块的通道数量要求，进而降低了硬件成本；并且由于电池采样和均衡分开进行，均衡电流不会影响电池电压，从而提高了响电池电压采样的精度。
本申请还提供了一种车辆，包括上述的电池均衡***。
关于上述实施例中的车辆，其中车辆包括的电池均衡***在上述电池均衡***的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的流程图。如图5所示，所述电池均衡方法应用于包括蓄电池的车辆，该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S41，采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S42，根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡。
步骤S43，控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
可选地，在控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池之前，所述方法还包括：将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池输出的电压经过直流电压转换器以转换为适配于所述蓄电池的电压。
可选地，如图5所示，所述参数信息包括各个单体电池的电压值，所述确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡，包括以下步骤。
步骤S421，将所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值中最小的电压值确定为参考电压值。
步骤S422，根据所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值与所述参考电压值之间的电压差值，将电压差值大于或等于预设电压差阈值的单体电池确定为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池。
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图6所示，所述车辆包括电池均衡***，所述电池均衡***包括：均衡模块、采集模块以及控制模块，所述控制模块通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，该采集模块和该均衡模块分时复用所述通道；该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S61，通过所述采集模块采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S62，根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息，通过所述控制模块确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比 值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。
步骤S63，所述控制模块按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
关于上述实施例中的电池均衡方法，其中各个步骤的具体方式已经在有关该电池均衡***的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
本申请还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的电池均衡方法。
以上结合附图详细描述了本申请的优选实施方式，但是，本申请并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本申请的技术构思范围内，可以对本申请的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本申请的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本申请对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本申请的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本申请的思想，其同样应当视为本申请所公开的内容。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述电池均衡***包括：
    采集模块，用于采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
    均衡模块，用于通过蓄电池对需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，所述蓄电池与所述电池组中的单体电池连接；
    控制模块，用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述均衡模块通过所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述均衡模块包括均衡电路，所述均衡电路包括与所述电池组中的每一个单体电池均并联的放电支路，所述放电支路与所述单体电池一一对应，且每个所述放电支路均连接于所述蓄电池；每个所述放电支路均设有直流电压转换器，所述直流电压转换器的低压输入端连接于所述单体电池的正极，所述直流电压转换器的高压输出端连接于所述蓄电池的正极。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池均衡***，每个所述放电支路还设有受控于所述控制模块的开关；当所述开关在所述控制模块的控制下导通时，所述开关所在的放电支路导通，以使所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任意一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述参数信息包括各个单体电池的电压值；
    所述控制模块用于通过以下方式确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池：
    将所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值中最小的电压值确定为参考电压值；
    根据所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值与所述参考电压值之间的电压差值，将电压差值大于或等于预设电压差阈值的单体电池确定为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制模块通过两个通道分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制模块包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过两个引脚分别与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，所述两个引脚与所述两个通道一一对应，所述两个引脚中的一个引脚通过所述两个通道中的一个通道与所述均衡模块连接，所述两个引脚中的另一引脚通过所述两个通道中的另一通道与所述采集模块连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制模块通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，该采集模块和该均衡模块分时复用所述通道。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制模块包括控制芯 片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，所述引脚通过所述通道与所述均衡模块和所述采集模块连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制模块还用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长，并按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡模块通过所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制模块根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡模块通过所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段。
  11. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-10中任一项所述的电池均衡***。
  12. 一种电池均衡方法，应用于包括蓄电池的车辆，其特征在于，该方法包括：
    采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息；
    根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡；
    控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，在控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池之前，所述方法还包括：
    将所述需要开启均衡的单体电池输出的电压经过直流电压转换器以转换为适配于所述蓄电池的电压。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述参数信息包括各个单体电池的电压值；
    所述确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡，包括：
    将所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值中最小的电压值确定为参考电压值；
    根据所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值与所述参考电压值之间的电压差值，将电压差值大于或等于预设电压差阈值的单体电池确定为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池。
  15. 根据权利要求12-14任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述车辆包括电池均衡***，所述电池均衡***包括：均衡模块、采集模块以及控制模块，所述控制模块通过一个通道与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，该采集模块和该均衡模块分时复用所述通道；
    所述采集电池组中单体电池中单体电池的参数信息，包括：
    通过所述采集模块采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
    所述确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡，包括：
    根据所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息，通过所述控制模块确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的均衡时间段与单位周期的比值，所述单位周期包括所述均衡时间段和采集时间段；
    所述控制所述需要开启均衡的单体电池放电给所述蓄电池，包括：
    所述控制模块按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡模块通过所述需要开启均衡的单体电池给所述蓄电池放电。
  16. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，其特征在于，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现权利要求12-15任意一项所述的电池均衡方法。
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