WO2019042353A1 - 电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质 - Google Patents

电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019042353A1
WO2019042353A1 PCT/CN2018/103246 CN2018103246W WO2019042353A1 WO 2019042353 A1 WO2019042353 A1 WO 2019042353A1 CN 2018103246 W CN2018103246 W CN 2018103246W WO 2019042353 A1 WO2019042353 A1 WO 2019042353A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
equalization
circuit
battery
turned
controller
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PCT/CN2018/103246
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗红斌
王超
沈晓峰
曾求勇
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比亚迪股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2019042353A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019042353A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of battery pack equalization, and in particular to a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium.
  • battery packs are an important part of it. Since the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of single cells in series, the difference between the cells in the battery pack gradually increases with the use of the battery, resulting in poor consistency between the battery cells. Due to the short board effect of the battery, the battery pack capacity cannot be fully utilized, resulting in a decrease in the overall capacity of the battery pack. Therefore, effective balancing management of the battery pack of the electric vehicle is beneficial to improving the consistency of each unit battery in the battery pack, reducing the capacity loss of the battery, prolonging the service life of the battery and the driving range of the electric vehicle. significance.
  • the battery equalization system generally includes: a battery management controller and a plurality of battery information collectors, wherein each battery information collector includes three modules: a control unit, a battery sampling circuit, and a battery equalization circuit. And the battery sampling circuit and the battery equalization circuit respectively apply different channels. Each cell of the battery pack is provided with a battery detection circuit channel and a battery equalization circuit channel.
  • the workflow is as follows: the battery sampling circuit is responsible for real-time sampling of the battery voltage information, the control unit of the battery information collector sends battery sampling information to the battery management controller, and the battery management controller determines whether it is necessary to turn on the equalization, and then to the battery information collector. The control unit sends an equalization command, and the control unit of the battery information collector controls the battery equalization circuit to turn on the equalization.
  • An object of the present disclosure is to provide a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium for solving the technical problem of high hardware cost of the battery equalization system in the related art.
  • the present disclosure provides a battery equalization system including an acquisition circuit, an equalization circuit, and a controller; wherein the controller passes through a control channel and an acquisition circuit and an equalization circuit corresponding to the same single cell in the battery pack. Connecting, the collecting circuit and the equalizing circuit time-multiplexing the control channel;
  • the collecting circuit is configured to collect parameter information of the single battery in the battery group; when the collecting circuit needs to collect parameter information of the single battery in the battery group, the equalizing circuit is in an on state;
  • the equalization circuit is configured to perform equalization processing on the single cells in the battery pack; when the equalization circuit needs to perform equalization processing on the single cells in the battery pack, the acquisition circuit is in a short circuit state;
  • the controller is configured to control the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single-cell that needs to be turned on when determining that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on according to parameter information of the battery pack.
  • the equalization circuit is respectively connected to the corresponding single cell through the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch, and one ends of the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch are respectively connected to the Two poles of the single battery; the first equalizing branch and the other end of the second equalizing branch are connected between the collecting circuit and the equalizing circuit;
  • the first equalizing branch is disconnected and the second equalizing branch is turned on;
  • the equalization circuit needs to perform equalization processing on the single cells in the battery pack, the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch corresponding to the single battery are turned on.
  • the second equalization branch is maintained in an on state, and the first equalization branch is provided with a first switch; when the collection circuit needs to collect parameter information of a single battery in the battery group, the A switch is turned off; when the equalization circuit performs equalization processing on the single cell that needs to be turned on, the first switch of the first equalization branch corresponding to the single cell is closed.
  • the controller is further configured to control, according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the unit that needs to be turned on by the parameter information of the battery pack, to control the equalization circuit to open the required
  • the equalized single cell performs equalization processing, and the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of a duration occupied by the equalization circuit occupying the control channel to a total duration occupied by the control channel.
  • the controller is further configured to determine an equalization period and an acquisition period according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, where the sum of the equalization period and the collection period is equal to the control
  • the control channel is connected to the acquisition circuit, so that the acquisition circuit collects parameter information of the battery pack.
  • the controller is configured to obtain, by using the following manner, a target equalization duration of the single battery that needs to be turned on:
  • the target equalization time of the single battery that needs to be turned on is calculated according to the parameter information of the battery.
  • the collecting circuit of the single battery is connected to the controller through the corresponding control channel.
  • the controller is further configured to control the equalization circuit to discharge the single battery when a difference between a cell voltage and a minimum voltage in each of the cells is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold.
  • the controller is further configured to control the equalization circuit to charge the single battery when a difference between a voltage of the single battery and a maximum voltage in each of the single cells is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold.
  • the controller includes a control chip, and the control chip is connected to an acquisition module and an equalization module corresponding to the same single cell through a pin, and the pin passes through the control channel and the equalization circuit and The acquisition circuit is connected.
  • the equalization circuit includes an equalization resistor in parallel with the single cell.
  • the present disclosure also provides a vehicle including the battery equalization system described above.
  • the present disclosure also provides a battery equalization method for a battery equalization system, the battery equalization system including a controller, an acquisition circuit, and an equalization circuit; wherein the controller passes through a control channel and corresponds to the same single in the battery pack
  • the acquisition circuit of the body battery is connected to the equalization circuit, and the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit time-multiplex the control channel;
  • the method includes:
  • the equalization circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • the equalization circuit is respectively connected to the corresponding single cell through the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch, and one ends of the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch are respectively connected to the Two poles of the single battery; the first equalizing branch and the other end of the second equalizing branch are connected between the collecting circuit and the equalizing circuit;
  • the controlling the equalization circuit is in an on state, including:
  • the controlling the acquisition circuit is in a short circuit state, including:
  • the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch corresponding to the single battery are turned on.
  • the determining, by the controller, that the single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on according to the parameter information of the battery group includes:
  • the controller Determining, by the controller, the target equalization time and the equalization duty ratio of the single cell that needs to be turned on, the cell that needs to be turned on, and the equalization duty according to the parameter information of the battery.
  • the controller controlling, by the controller, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single-cell that needs to be turned on, including:
  • the equalization circuit controls the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the unit cells that need to be turned on by the controller according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the unit cells that are required to be turned on.
  • the method further includes:
  • the connecting the control channel to the acquisition circuit includes:
  • the equalizing circuit corresponding to the single-cell battery that needs to be turned on and equalized by the control channel includes:
  • control channel is connected to the equalization circuit corresponding to the single cell that needs to be turned on.
  • the determining, according to the parameter information of the battery group, the target equalization duration of the single-cell that needs to be turned on including:
  • the target equalization time of the single cell that needs to be turned on is calculated.
  • the method further includes:
  • the acquisition circuit of the single cell is connected to the controller through the corresponding control channel.
  • controlling, by the controller, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single-cell that needs to be turned on including:
  • the equalization circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization discharge on the unit cells that need to be turned on.
  • controlling, by the controller, the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single-cell that needs to be turned on including:
  • the equalization circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization charging on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • the present disclosure also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery equalization method described above.
  • the controller in the present disclosure and the voltage sampling circuit and the equalization circuit of each unit cell are time-multiplexed one channel, the number of channels of the controller is reduced, thereby reducing the hardware cost; and due to battery sampling and equalization Separate, the equalization current does not affect the battery voltage, which improves the accuracy of the battery voltage sampling.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equalization circuit of a battery equalization system according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of determining, in a step included in a battery equalization method, a unit cell that needs to turn on equalization and a target equalization duration thereof, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a battery equalization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization system includes an acquisition circuit 12 , an equalization circuit 13 , and a controller 14 , wherein the battery 11 is formed by connecting a plurality of single cells 111 in series.
  • the controller 14 is connected to an acquisition circuit 12 and an equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through a control channel 140.
  • the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 time-multiplex the control channels. 140.
  • the controller 14 includes a control chip connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the same single cell 111 through a pin, and the pin passes through the control channel 140 and the equalization circuit. 13 is connected to the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the present disclosure corresponds to a control circuit 140 of the same unit cell 111 and the equalization circuit 13 sharing a control channel 140 of the controller 14, such that the number of channels required for the controller 14 is reduced, thereby reducing the number of channels required for the controller 14.
  • the N single cells correspond to 2N control channels.
  • the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit of the same single battery share the control channel and the controller, and the N single cells correspond to N control channels, thereby reducing the number of control channels and reducing the cost of the controller.
  • the N single cells correspond to 2N control channels, and 2N control channels need to be controlled.
  • the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit of the same single battery share the control channel of the controller, so that the N single cells correspond to the N control channels, and only the N control channels need to be controlled, which simplifies the control flow and reduces The misoperation rate of the controller.
  • the N single cells correspond to 2N control channels, and the pass rate of the controller through the control channel is qualified by 2N control channels.
  • the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit of the same single battery share a control channel of the controller, and the N single cells correspond to N control channels, and the pass rate of the controller through the control channel is determined by the pass rate of the N control channels. In this way, the total pass rate of the plurality of single cells in the whole system through the control channel to the controller can be improved, thereby improving the pass rate of the battery equalization system.
  • the control channel or channel refers to a transmission path of a control command of the control module to the execution end (acquisition module and equalization module).
  • the collecting circuit 12 is configured to collect parameter information of the single battery 111 in the battery pack 11 , and send the collected parameter information of the battery pack to the controller 14 , the battery pack 11 .
  • the unit cells 111 in the one-to-one correspondence with the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the parameter information includes information such as a battery voltage and a temperature.
  • the controller 14 controls the acquisition circuit 12 to collect parameter information of the battery pack 11 by connecting the control channel 140 to the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the equalization circuit 13 is in an on state.
  • the equalizing circuit 13 when the collecting circuit 12 collects the parameter information of the battery pack 11, the equalizing circuit 13 is in the conducting state, and does not mean that the equalizing circuit 13 performs equalization processing on the single battery, but refers to the collecting circuit 12 and When the unit cells 111 are connected, the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the unit cells 111 corresponds to a part of the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the equalization circuit 13 may be an equalization resistor 130 including a parallel connection to the unit cell 111.
  • FIG. 3 is another block diagram of a battery equalization system, which is controlled by the controller 14 to collect the battery pack 11 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • the branch where the collecting circuit 12 is located is in an on state
  • the second equalizing branch 132 where the equalizing circuit 13 is located may also be in an on state
  • the first equalizing branch 131 is in a state of being Disconnected state.
  • the collecting circuit 12 and the equalizing resistor 130 are connected in series in a branch, and both ends of the branch are respectively connected to two stages of the single cell 111, that is, when the collecting circuit 12 is connected to the single cell 111.
  • the equalization resistor 130 included in the equalization circuit 13 can be used as part of the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the equalization circuit 13 is connected to the corresponding single cell 111 through the first equalization branch 131 and the second equalization branch 132, respectively, and the second equalization branch 132 and the first equalization branch One end of the path 131 is connected to the two poles of the single cell 111, and the other end of the first equalization branch 131 and the second equalization branch 132 is connected between the collecting circuit 12 and the equalizing circuit 13.
  • the first equalization branch 131 is connected to the anode of the unit cell 111
  • the second equalization branch 132 is connected to the cathode of the unit cell 111.
  • the controller 14 can control the first equalization branch 131 to be disconnected, and control the equalization.
  • the second equalizing branch 132 where the circuit 13 is located and the branch where the collecting circuit 12 is located are turned on. At this time, the equalizing circuit 13 can be in a conducting state together with the branch where the collecting circuit 12 is located.
  • the equalization circuit 13 is configured to perform equalization processing on the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11 , and the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11 are in one-to-one correspondence with the equalization circuit 13 .
  • the controller 14 controls the equalization circuit 13 to the unit that needs to be equalized by connecting the control channel 140 to the equalization circuit 13.
  • the battery 111 performs equalization processing.
  • the controller 14 may control the first equalization branch 131 and the second equalization branch 132 to be turned on. Further, the equalization circuit 13 is in an on state, and the acquisition circuit 12 is in a short circuit state.
  • the collecting circuit 12 corresponding to the single cell 111 is connected to the controller 14 through a corresponding control channel 140. That is, when the controller 14 determines that the unit cell 111 ends the equalization, the controller 14 disconnects the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the unit cell 111 from the control channel 140, and controls the corresponding collection of the unit cell 111. Circuit 12 is in communication with control channel 140.
  • the controller 14 is connected to the acquisition circuit 12 and the equalization circuit 13.
  • the controller 14 is configured to receive parameter information of the battery pack 11 when the control channel 140 is communicated with the acquisition circuit 12.
  • the controller 14 connects the control channel 140 to the equalization circuit when determining, according to the parameter information of the battery pack 11, that there is a unit cell 111 in the multi-cell unit 111 that needs to be equalized.
  • the equalization circuit 13 performs equalization processing on the unit cell 111.
  • the equalization circuit 13 may be an equalization processing method for discharging the unit cells 111 that need to be equalized. For example, in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the two ends of the unit cells 111 that need to be balanced are connected in parallel. An equalization resistor 130.
  • the equalization circuit 13 may also be an equalization processing method for charging the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be equalized. For example, the unit cell 111 that needs to be balanced is connected to a generator or a battery of the vehicle, and then passes through the The generator or the battery charges the unit cell 111 that needs to be equalized.
  • the controller 14 may further control, according to the target equalization duration of the unit battery 111 that needs to be turned on, determined by the parameter information of the battery pack 11, to control the equalization circuit 13 to open the equalization.
  • the unit cell 111 is subjected to equalization processing.
  • the controller 14 can obtain the target equalization duration of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on by the following method: determining the battery pack 11 according to the parameter information of the battery pack 11 collected by the acquisition circuit 12 Whether the single battery 111 needs to be turned on and equalized; when it is determined that the single battery 111 needs to be turned on in the battery pack 11, the target of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on is calculated according to the parameter information of the battery pack 11. Equilibrium duration.
  • the controller 14 can be determined by the following manner.
  • the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on is balanced:
  • the minimum voltage value among the voltage values of the single cells 111 in the battery pack 11 is used as a reference voltage value.
  • the unit cell 111 having a voltage difference greater than or equal to the preset voltage difference threshold is determined as It is described that the balanced unit cell 111 needs to be turned on.
  • the single-cell battery that needs to be turned on can be determined by other parameter information of the battery pack.
  • the battery equalization system adopts an active equalization method to equalize the single-cell battery, that is, When the unit cells that need to be turned on are charged, the maximum voltage value among the voltage values of the individual cells in the battery pack is used as a reference voltage value.
  • the minimum voltage value among the voltage values of the individual cells 111 of the battery pack 11 may be used as the reference voltage value, and the preset voltage difference threshold may be 5 mV (or other value).
  • the controller 14 connects the control channel 140 to the acquisition circuit 12, thereby controlling the acquisition circuit 12 to collect the voltage values of the individual cells 111 of the battery pack 11; meanwhile, the controller 14 controls the The first equalization branch 131 is turned off.
  • the controller 14 compares the minimum voltage value Vmin in each of the single cells 111, and determines whether the difference between the voltage value of each of the single cells 111 of the battery pack 11 and Vmin is less than 5 mV. If so, the battery pack 11 has a good uniformity and does not need to be equalized; if it is greater than 5 mV, the single-cell battery 111 having a difference from Vmin of more than 5 mV is used as the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on.
  • the controller 14 connects the control channel 140 to the equalization circuit 13, and at the same time, the controller 14 can control the first equalization branch 131 and the second equalization branch 132 to be turned on. Further, the controller 14 controls the equalization circuit 13 to discharge the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on according to the target equalization duration of the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on.
  • the controller 14 counts the discharge duration of the equalization circuit 13 for the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on, and the difference between the discharge duration of the unit cell 111 and the target equalization period. When the value is within the threshold range, the discharge is stopped and the equalization ends. The controller 14 disconnects the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the unit cell 111 from the control channel 140, and controls the acquisition circuit 12 corresponding to the unit cell 111 to communicate with the control channel 140.
  • the controller in the present disclosure and the voltage sampling circuit and the equalization circuit of each unit cell are time-multiplexed one channel, the number of channels of the controller is reduced, thereby reducing the hardware cost; and due to battery sampling and equalization Separate, the equalization current does not affect the battery voltage, which improves the accuracy of the battery voltage sampling.
  • the second equalization branch 132 can be kept in an on state, and the first equalization branch 131 is provided with a first switch K1 .
  • the first switch K1 is controlled by the controller 14.
  • the first switch K1 may be a relay switch, and the controller 14 controls the first switch K1 to be in an open state or a closed state by outputting a control signal.
  • the controller 14 controls the first switch K1 to be turned off.
  • the controller 14 controls the first switch K1 on the first equalization branch 131 corresponding to the unit cell 111 to be closed.
  • the controller 14 may further control, according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, the equalization circuit 13 to perform equalization processing on the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on.
  • the equalization duty ratio is a ratio of the duration of the equalization circuit 13 occupying the control channel 140 to the total duration occupied by the control channel 140; wherein the total duration occupied by the control channel 140 includes the equalization circuit 13 consuming the length of the control channel 140 and the duration of the acquisition circuit 12 occupying the control channel 140.
  • the controller 14 connects the control channel 140 to the acquisition circuit 12, and further controls the acquisition circuit 12 to collect parameter information of the battery pack 11; meanwhile, the controller 14 controls The first switch K1 is turned off.
  • the controller 14 obtains the single-cell battery 111 that needs to be turned on and balanced when it is determined that the single-cell battery 111 needs to be turned on in the battery pack 11 according to the parameter information of the single-cell battery 111 in the battery pack 11.
  • the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, and the control channel 140 is connected to the equalization circuit 13 corresponding to the unit cell 111 that needs to be turned on. Meanwhile, the controller 14 can control the first switch. K1 is closed.
  • the controller 14 controls the equalization circuit 13 to perform equalization processing on the unit cells 111 that need to be turned on, according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the unit cells 111 that need to be turned on.
  • the controller 14 determines an equalization period and an acquisition period according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty, and the sum of the equalization period and the acquisition period is equal to the control channel 140.
  • the controller 14 controls the control channel 140 to communicate with the acquisition circuit 12 to enable the acquisition circuit 12 to collect parameter information of the battery pack 11 at the same time.
  • the controller 14 controls the first switch K1 to be turned off; during the equalization period, the controller 14 controls the control channel 140 to communicate with an equalization circuit 13 that needs to perform equalization processing, and the controller 14 can control The first switch K1 is closed, so that the equalization circuit 13 performs equalization processing on the unit cells 111 in the battery pack 11 that need to be equalized.
  • the disclosure provides a first switch on the first equalization branch, and when the parameter information of the battery pack needs to be collected, the control channel is connected to the acquisition circuit, the first switch is turned off; and when the balance is needed, the control channel is controlled. Connected to the equalization circuit, the first switch is closed, and a control channel is realized by time division multiplexing, which reduces the number of channels required for the controller, thereby reducing the hardware cost; and because the battery sampling and equalization are separately performed, the equalization current is not Will affect the battery voltage, which improves the accuracy of battery voltage sampling.
  • a control switch may be disposed on the control channel 140.
  • the controller 14 controls the control switch to be connected to the collecting circuit 12 to connect the control channel 140.
  • the controller 14 controls the control switch to be connected to the equalization circuit 13 So that the control channel 140 is connected to the equalization circuit 13.
  • the present disclosure provides a control switch between the controller and the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit.
  • the controller can adjust the state of the switch to achieve the function of acquisition and equalization, and can achieve no sampling during equalization, and is unbalanced during sampling.
  • the effect of equalizing the current does not affect the battery voltage, thereby improving the accuracy of the battery voltage sampling.
  • each single cell corresponds to two control channels, and each control channel corresponds to one pin of the control chip, that is, N single cells. Corresponds to 2N pins.
  • the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit of the same single battery share the control channel and the controller, and one control channel corresponds to one pin, that is, N single cells correspond to N control channels, corresponding to N pins, so that Reducing the need for control chip pins, based on the prior art, can reduce the number of pins by half, effectively reducing the cost of the control chip.
  • the controller includes a first control unit disposed in the battery information collector and a second control unit disposed in the battery management controller.
  • the collecting circuit sends the parameter information of the single battery in the collected battery group to the second control unit by using the first control unit; wherein the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit of the same single battery correspond to the first A connection channel of a control unit.
  • the first control unit may be connected to the acquisition circuit by controlling the connection channel, thereby controlling the collection circuit to collect parameter information of the single battery in the battery group.
  • the second control unit may also send an acquisition instruction to the first control unit through the communication unit to control the connection channel to be connected to the acquisition circuit by the first control unit.
  • the first control unit may be connected to the equalization circuit by controlling the connection channel, thereby controlling the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on and equalized.
  • the first control unit may send parameter information of the battery pack collected by the acquisition circuit to the second control unit, and the second control unit determines, according to parameter information of the battery pack, a single battery that needs to be turned on, and And transmitting, by the communication unit, an equalization instruction to the first control unit, to control, by the first control unit, the connection channel to be connected to the equalization circuit.
  • the acquisition circuit in the battery equalization system sends the parameter information of the single battery in the collected battery pack to the second control unit through the first control unit
  • the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit of the same single battery correspond to the first control unit.
  • a connection channel reduces the number of channels required by the first control unit.
  • the first control unit of the battery information collector and the second control unit of the battery management controller can selectively perform equalization control on the unit cells that need to be equalized. That is, the first control unit may control the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single cells that need to be equalized, and the second control unit may also control the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single cells that need to be equalized.
  • the first control unit or the second control unit determines the unit cells that need to be equalized according to the parameter information of the battery pack collected by the acquisition circuit.
  • the first control unit receives the parameter information of the battery pack, and determines according to the parameter information of the battery group.
  • the control equalization circuit performs equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • the first control unit receives parameter information of the battery pack, and determines, according to parameter information of the battery pack, When a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on, the control equalization circuit performs equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • the first control unit receives the parameter information of the battery group, and determines, according to the parameter information of the battery group, that the battery group has a single
  • the control equalization circuit equalizes the single cells that need to be turned on.
  • the battery information collector and the battery management controller can selectively control the equalization system through the first control unit and the second control unit, respectively, so that one of the battery information collector and the battery management controller can be disabled or malfunctioned. In this case, the normal operation of the battery equalization system is still guaranteed.
  • the present disclosure also provides a vehicle including the battery equalization system described above.
  • the battery equalization system included in the vehicle is described in detail in the embodiment of the above battery equalization system, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the battery equalization method is applied to a battery equalization system, where the battery equalization system includes a controller, an acquisition circuit, and an equalization circuit; wherein the controller passes through a control channel and corresponds to the same single in the battery pack.
  • the acquisition circuit of the body battery is connected to the equalization circuit, and the acquisition circuit and the equalization circuit time-multiplex the control channel; the method comprises the following steps.
  • Step S21 the control channel is connected to the acquisition circuit, and the equalization circuit is controlled to be in an on state.
  • Step S22 collecting parameter information of the single battery in the battery group by using the collecting circuit.
  • Step S23 the controller determines, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on.
  • Step S24 the control channel is connected to the equalization circuit corresponding to the unit cell that needs to be turned on, and the acquisition circuit is controlled to be in a short circuit state.
  • step S25 the equalizing circuit is controlled by the controller to perform equalization processing on the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • FIG. 5 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the equalization circuit is respectively connected to the corresponding single cell through the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch, and one ends of the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch are respectively connected.
  • the two ends of the single cell; the first equalizing branch and the other end of the second equalizing branch are connected between the collecting circuit and the equalizing circuit; the method comprises the following steps.
  • Step S31 the control channel is connected to the acquisition circuit, the first equalization branch is disconnected, and the second equalization branch is turned on.
  • Step S32 collecting parameter information of the single battery in the battery group by using the collecting circuit.
  • Step S33 the controller determines, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, a target equalization time and an equalization duty ratio of the single-cell that needs to be turned on, and the unit that needs to be turned on, and the balance is occupied.
  • the air ratio is the ratio of the duration that the equalization circuit occupies the control channel to the total duration that the control channel is occupied.
  • Step S34 the control channel is connected to the equalization circuit corresponding to the unit cell that needs to be turned on, and the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch corresponding to the unit cell are turned on.
  • Step S35 The equalization circuit controls the equalization circuit to perform equalization processing on the single-cell that needs to be turned on by the controller according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio of the unit cell that needs to be turned on.
  • the determining, according to the parameter information of the battery group, the target equalization duration of the single-cell that needs to be turned on including:
  • Step S331 the controller determines, according to the collected parameter information of the battery pack, whether a single battery needs to be turned on in the battery pack;
  • Step S332 when it is determined that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on, the controller calculates a target equalization time length of the single battery that needs to be turned on according to parameter information of the battery pack.
  • the method further includes: determining, by the controller, an equalization period and an acquisition period according to the target equalization duration and the equalization duty ratio, where the sum of the equalization period and the collection period is equal to The total length of time that the control channel is occupied;
  • the connecting the control channel to the collecting circuit includes: connecting the control channel to the collecting circuit during the collecting period;
  • the equalizing circuit corresponding to the single-cell battery that needs to be turned on and equalized by the control channel includes: in the equalizing period, the control channel is connected to the equalization corresponding to the single-cell battery that needs to be turned on and equalized Circuit.
  • FIG. 7 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 7, the method includes the following steps.
  • Step S51 the control channel is connected to the acquisition circuit, the first equalization branch is disconnected, and the second equalization branch is turned on.
  • Step S52 collecting parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack through the collecting circuit.
  • Step S53 determining, by the controller, that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on according to parameter information of the battery pack.
  • Step S54 the control channel is connected to the equalization circuit corresponding to the unit cell that needs to be turned on, and the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch corresponding to the unit cell are turned on.
  • Step S55 the equalizing circuit is controlled by the controller to discharge the single cell that needs to be turned on.
  • Step S56 when the single cells in the battery pack do not need to be equalized, the collecting circuit of the single cells is connected to the controller through the corresponding control channel.
  • FIG. 8 is another flow chart of a battery equalization method according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 8, the method includes the following steps.
  • Step S61 the control channel is connected to the acquisition circuit, the first equalization branch is disconnected, and the second equalization branch is turned on.
  • Step S62 collecting parameter information of the single battery in the battery pack through the collecting circuit.
  • Step S63 the controller determines, according to the parameter information of the battery pack, that a single battery in the battery pack needs to be turned on.
  • Step S64 the control channel is connected to the equalization circuit corresponding to the unit cell that needs to be turned on, and the first equalization branch and the second equalization branch corresponding to the single battery are turned on.
  • Step S65 the equalizing circuit is controlled by the controller to charge the single battery that needs to be turned on.
  • Step S66 when the single cells in the battery pack do not need to be equalized, the collecting circuit of the single cells is connected to the controller through the corresponding control channel.
  • the present disclosure also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the battery equalization method described above.

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Abstract

一种电池均衡***，包括采集电路（12）、均衡电路（13）和控制器（14）；控制器（14）通过一个控制通道（140）与对应于电池组中同一单体电池的采集电路（12）和均衡电路（13）连接，采集电路（12）和均衡电路（13）分时复用控制通道（140）；当采集电路（12）需要采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息时，均衡电路（13）处于导通状态；当均衡电路（13）需要对电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理时，采集电路（12）处于短路状态。控制器（14）与每一节单体电池的电压采样电路和均衡电路分时复用一个通道，减少了对控制器的通道数量要求，进而降低了硬件成本；并且由于电池采样和均衡分开进行，均衡电流不会影响电池电压，从而提高了电池电压采样的精度。还提供一种车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质。

Description

电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2017年08月31日提交的、发明名称为“电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质”的、中国专利申请号“201710776103.0”的优先权。
技术领域
本公开涉及电池组均衡领域，具体地，涉及一种电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质。
背景技术
在电动汽车中，电池组是其重要的组成部分。由于电池组是由多个单体电池串联连接而成，随着电池的使用，电池组中各单体间的差异性逐渐扩大，导致电池单体间一致性差。由于电池的短板效应，使电池组容量不能充分发挥，导致电池组的整体容量减少。因此，对电动汽车的电池组进行有效的均衡管理，有利于提高电池组中各单体电池的一致性，减少电池的容量损失，延长电池的使用寿命及电动汽车续驶里程，具有十分重要的意义。
在相关均衡技术中，电池均衡***通常包括：一个电池管理控制器、多个电池信息采集器，其中，每个电池信息采集器都包括控制单元、电池采样电路、电池均衡电路等三个模块，且电池采样电路和电池均衡电路分别应用不同的通道。电池组的每节单体电池配置一个电池检测电路通道和电池均衡电路通道。其工作流程为：电池采样电路负责对电池电压信息进行实时采样，电池信息采集器的控制单元向电池管理控制器发送电池采样信息，电池管理控制器判断是否需要开启均衡，然后向电池信息采集器的控制单元发送均衡指令，由电池信息采集器的控制单元控制电池均衡电路开启均衡。
在相关均衡技术实际应用中，由于控制单元与每一节单体电池的电压采样电路和均衡电路之间各需要一个控制通道，增加了对控制器的通道数量要求，导致硬件成本较高；并且由于电池采样和均衡同时进行，均衡电流会影响电池电压，从而影响电池电压采样的精度。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种电池均衡***、车辆、电池均衡方法及存储介质，用于解决 相关技术中电池均衡***的硬件成本较高的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，本公开提供一种电池均衡***，包括采集电路、均衡电路和控制器；其中，所述控制器通过一个控制通道与对应于电池组中同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述控制通道；
所述采集电路用于采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；当所述采集电路需要采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息时，所述均衡电路处于导通状态；
所述均衡电路用于对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理；当所述均衡电路需要对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理时，所述采集电路处于短路状态；以及
所述控制器用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
可选地，所述均衡电路分别通过第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路连接于对应的单体电池，所述第一均衡支路和所述第二均衡支路的一端分别连接于该单体电池的两极；所述第一均衡支路与所述第二均衡支路的另一端连接于采集电路和均衡电路之间；
当所述采集电路需要采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息时，所述第一均衡支路断开且所述第二均衡支路导通；
当所述均衡电路需要对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理时，该单体电池对应的第一均衡支路和所述第二均衡支路导通。
可选地，所述第二均衡支路保持导通状态，所述第一均衡支路上设有第一开关；当所述采集电路需要采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息时，所述第一开关断开；当所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理时，该单体电池对应的第一均衡支路上的第一开关闭合。
可选地，所述控制器还用于按照由所述电池组的参数信息获取的所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，所述均衡占空比为所述均衡电路占用所述控制通道的时长与所述控制通道被占用的总时长之比。
可选地，所述控制器还用于根据所述目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比确定均衡时间段和采集时间段，所述均衡时间段和所述采集时间段之和等于所述控制通道被占用的总时长；在所述均衡时间段，所述控制通道连通所述均衡电路，以使所述均衡电路对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理；在所述采集时间段，所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，以使所述采集电路采集所述电池组的参数信息。
可选地，所述控制器用于通过以下方式获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长：
根据所述采集电路采集到的所述电池组的参数信息，确定所述电池组中是否有单体电池需要开启均衡；
在确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，根据电池组的参数信息计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长。
可选地，当所述电池组中的单体电池不需要进行均衡处理时，该单体电池的采集电路通过对应的所述控制通道与所述控制器连接。
可选地，所述控制器还用于在单体电池电压与各个单体电池中的最小电压的差值大于预设电压差阈值时，控制所述均衡电路对所述单体电池进行放电。
可选地，所述控制器还用于在单体电池的电压与各个单体电池中的最大电压的差值大于预设电压差阈值时控制所述均衡电路对所述单体电池进行充电。
可选地，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池的采集模块和均衡模块连接，所述引脚通过所述控制通道与所述均衡电路和所述采集电路连接。
可选地，所述均衡电路包括与所述单体电池并联的均衡电阻。
本公开还提供了一种车辆，包括上述的电池均衡***。
本公开还提供了一种电池均衡方法，应用于电池均衡***，所述电池均衡***包括控制器、采集电路和均衡电路；其中，所述控制器通过一个控制通道与对应于电池组中同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述控制通道；
该方法包括：
将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，并控制所述均衡电路处于导通状态；
通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡；
将所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路，并控制所述采集电路处于短路状态；
通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
可选地，所述均衡电路分别通过第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路连接于对应的单体电池，所述第一均衡支路和所述第二均衡支路的一端分别连接于该单体电池的两极；所述第一均衡支路与所述第二均衡支路的另一端连接于采集电路和均衡电路之间；
所述控制所述均衡电路处于导通状态，包括：
断开所述第一均衡支路且导通所述第二均衡支路；
所述控制所述采集电路处于短路状态，包括：
导通该单体电池所对应的第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路。
可选地，所述通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡，包括：
通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池、所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述均衡电路占用所述控制通道的时长与所述控制通道被占用的总时长之比；
所述通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，包括：
通过所述控制器按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
可选地，该方法还包括：
根据所述目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比确定均衡时间段和采集时间段，所述均衡时间段和所述采集时间段之和等于所述控制通道被占用的总时长；
所述将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，包括：
在所述采集时间段，将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路；
所述将所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路，包括：
在所述均衡时间段，所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路。
可选地，所述根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长，包括：
根据采集到的所述电池组的参数信息，确定所述电池组中是否有单体电池需要开启均衡；
在确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长。
可选地，当所述电池组中的单体电池不需要进行均衡处理时，该方法还包括：
将该单体电池的采集电路通过对应的所述控制通道与所述控制器连接。
可选地，所述通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，包括：
通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡放电。
可选地，所述通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，包括：
通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡充电。
本公开还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的电池均衡方法。
本公开的实施例提供的技术方案可以包括以下有益效果：
由于本公开中的控制器与每一节单体电池的电压采样电路和均衡电路分时复用一个通道，减少了对控制器的通道数量要求，进而降低了硬件成本；并且由于电池采样和均衡分开进行，均衡电流不会影响电池电压，从而提高了电池电压采样的精度。
本公开的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开，但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中：
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的框图。
图2是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的均衡电路示意图。
图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的另一框图。
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的流程图。
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。
图6是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法包括的步骤中确定需要开启均衡的单体电池及其目标均衡时长的流程图。
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限制本公开。
图1是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的框图。如图1所示，所述电池均衡***包括采集电路12、均衡电路13以及控制器14，其中，电池组11是由多个单体电池111串联连接而成。
在图1中，所述控制器14通过一个控制通道140与对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13连接，该采集电路12和该均衡电路13分时复用所述控制通道140。所述控制器14包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13连接，所述引脚通过所述控制通道140与所述均衡电路13和所述采集电路12连接。
本公开对应于同一单体电池111的采集电路12和均衡电路13共用控制器14的一个控制通道140，使得所需控制器14的通道数减少，进而减少了对控制器14的通道数量要求。
例如，在现有的采集电路、均衡电路分别通过一个控制通道与控制器相连接时，N个单体电池对应有2N个控制通道。而本公开同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路共用一个控制通道与控制器连接，N个单体电池对应有N个控制通道，从而能够减少控制通道的数量，减小控制器的成本。
在现有的采集电路、均衡电路分别通过一个控制通道与控制器相连接时，N个单体电池对应2N个控制通道，需要对2N个控制通道进行控制。本公开同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路共用控制器的一个控制通道，这样N个单体电池对应N个控制通道，仅需要对N个控制通道进行控制，这样可以简化控制流程，减小控制器的误操作率。
在现有的采集电路、均衡电路分别通过一个控制通道与控制器相连接时，N个单体电池对应2N个控制通道，通过控制通道接通控制器的合格率由2N个控制通道的合格率决定。本公开同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路共用控制器的一个控制通道，N个单体电池对应N个控制通道，通过控制通道接通控制器的合格率由N个控制通道的合格率决定，这样可以提高整个***中多个单体电池通过控制通道接通控制器的总合格率，进而提高电池均衡***的合格率。
所述控制通道或者通道是指控制模块的控制指令传输到执行端(采集模块和均衡模块)的传递途径。
如图1所示，所述采集电路12用于采集电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息，并向所述控制器14发送采集到的所述电池组的参数信息，所述电池组11中的单体电池111与采集电路12一一对应。其中，所述参数信息包括电池电压、温度等信息。所述控制器14通过将控制通道140连通于所述采集电路12，进而控制所述述采集电路12采集电池组11的参数信息。当所述控制器14控制所述采集电路12采集所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息时，所述均衡电路13处于导通状态。需要说明的是，采集电路12采集所述电池组11的参数信息时，所述均衡电路13处于导通状态并不是指该均衡电路13对单体电池进行均衡处理，而是指采集电路12与单体电池111连通时，该单体电池111对应的均衡电路13相当于该采集电路12的的一部分。
举例来讲，请参照图2，所述均衡电路13可以是包括并联于单体电池111的均衡电阻130。如图2和图3所示，图3是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡***的另一框图，当所述控制器14控制所述采集电路12采集所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息时，所述采集电路12所在的支路处于导通状态，所述均衡电路13所在的第二均衡支路132也 可以处于导通状态，而第一均衡支路131处于断开状态。此时，所述采集电路12与所述均衡电阻130串联在一个支路中，该支路的两端分别连接于单体电池111的两级，即在采集电路12与单体电池111连通时，所述均衡电路13所包括的均衡电阻130可以作为采集电路12的一部分。
如图1所示，所述均衡电路13分别通过第一均衡支路131和第二均衡支路132连接于对应的单体电池111，所述第二均衡支路132与所述第一均衡支路131的一端分别连接于该单体电池111的两极，所述第一均衡支路131与所述第二均衡支路132的另一端连接于采集电路12和均衡电路13之间。在图1中，所述第一均衡支路131连接于单体电池111的正极，所述第二均衡支路132连接于单体电池111的负极。
如图1所示，当所述采集电路12需要采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息时，所述控制器14可以控制所述第一均衡支路131断开，并且控制所述均衡电路13所在的第二均衡支路132以及所述采集电路12所在的支路导通，进而此时，所述均衡电路13可以与所述采集电路12所在的支路共同处于导通状态。
如图1所示，所述均衡电路13用于对所述电池组11中的单体电池111进行均衡处理，所述电池组11中的单体电池111与所述均衡电路13一一对应。当所述电池组11中有需要均衡的单体电池111时，所述控制器14通过将控制通道140连通于所述均衡电路13，进而控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。当所述均衡电路13对所述电池组11中的单体电池111进行均衡处理时，所述控制器14可以控制所述第一均衡支路131和所述第二均衡支路132导通，进而使得所述均衡电路13处于导通状态，且所述采集电路12处于短路状态。
可选地，当所述电池组11中的单体电池111不需要进行均衡处理时，该单体电池111所对应的采集电路12通过对应的控制通道140与所述控制器14连接。即所述控制器14确定该单体电池111结束均衡时，所述控制器14将控制该单体电池111对应的均衡电路13与控制通道140断开，并控制该单体电池111对应的采集电路12连通于控制通道140。
如图1所示，所述控制器14连接于所述采集电路12和所述均衡电路13。当所述将控制通道140连通于所述采集电路12时，所述控制器14用于接收所述电池组11的参数信息。所述控制器14在根据所述电池组11的参数信息确定所述多节单体电池111中有需要均衡的单体电池111时，所述控制器14将控制通道140连通于所述均衡电路13，以使该均衡电路13对该单体电池111进行均衡处理。
其中，所述均衡电路13可以是采用对所述需要均衡的单体电池111进行放电的均衡处理方式，比如在图2和图3中，在所述需要均衡的单体电池111的两端并联一个均衡电阻130。所述均衡电路13也可以是采用对所述需要均衡的单体电池111进行充电的均衡处 理方式，比如，将所述需要均衡的单体电池111连接于车辆的发电机或蓄电池，进而通过所述发电机或所述蓄电池对所述需要均衡的单体电池111进行充电。
可选地，所述控制器14还可以按照由所述电池组11的参数信息确定的所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。所述控制器14可以通过以下方式获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长：根据所述采集电路12采集到的所述电池组11的参数信息，确定所述电池组11中是否有单体电池111需要开启均衡；在确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，根据所述电池组11的参数信息计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长。
如图1所示，当所述电池均衡***采用被动均衡方式对单体电池进行均衡处理，即对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行放电时，所述控制器14可以通过以下方式确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111：
首先，根据所述采集电路12采集到的所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值，将所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值中最小的电压值作为参考电压值；
然后，根据所述电池组11中各单体电池111的电压值与所述参考电压值之间的电压差值，将电压差值大于或等于预设电压差阈值的单体电池111确定为所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111。
当然，在其它的实施例中，也可以通过电池组的其它参数信息确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池，比如，当所述电池均衡***采用主动均衡方式对单体电池进行均衡处理，即对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行充电时，将所述电池组中各单体电池的电压值中最大的电压值作为参考电压值。
举例来讲，可以将所述电池组11的各单体电池111的电压值中最小的电压值作为所述参考电压值，所述预设电压差阈值可以为5mV(或者其它数值)。首先，所述控制器14将控制通道140连通于所述采集电路12，进而控制所述述采集电路12采集电池组11的各单体电池111电压值；同时，所述控制器14控制所述第一均衡支路131断开。
接着，所述控制器14经比较得到各单体电池111中最小电压值Vmin，并判定所述电池组11的各单体电池111的电压值与Vmin的差值是否小于5mV。如果是，则所述电池组11均衡一致性很好，不需要均衡；如果大于5mV，则将与Vmin差值大于5mV的单体电池111作为需要开启均衡的单体电池111。
然后，在确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111后，可以根据所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的电压值和Vmin，计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长，进而，所述控制器14将控制通道140连通于所述均衡电路13，与此同时，所述控制器14可 以控制所述第一均衡支路131和所述第二均衡支路132导通，进而所述控制器14按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行放电。
接着，在放电开始后，所述控制器14统计所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的放电时长，当该单体电池111的放电时长与所述目标均衡时长的差值在阈值范围内时，停止放电，均衡结束。所述控制器14将控制该单体电池111对应的均衡电路13与控制通道140断开，并控制该单体电池111对应的采集电路12连通于控制通道140。
由于本公开中的控制器与每一节单体电池的电压采样电路和均衡电路分时复用一个通道，减少了对控制器的通道数量要求，进而降低了硬件成本；并且由于电池采样和均衡分开进行，均衡电流不会影响电池电压，从而提高了电池电压采样的精度。
请继续参照图1，所述第二均衡支路132可以一直保持导通状态，所述第一均衡支路131上设有第一开关K1。所述有第一开关K1受控于所述控制器14。可选地，所述有第一开关K1可以为继电器开关，所述控制器14通过输出控制信号控制所述有第一开关K1处于断开状态或者闭合状态。
当所述采集电路12需要采集电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息时，所述控制器14控制所述第一开关K1断开。当所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理时，所述控制器14控制该单体电池111对应的第一均衡支路131上的第一开关K1闭合。
可选地，如图1所示，所述控制器14还可以根据所述目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理，所述均衡占空比为所述均衡电路13占用所述控制通道140的时长与所述控制通道140被占用的总时长之比；其中，所述控制通道140被占用的总时长包括所述均衡电路13占用所述控制通道140的时长以及所述采集电路12占用所述控制通道140的时长。
如图1所示，首先，所述控制器14将控制通道140联通于所述采集电路12，进而可以控制所述述采集电路12采集电池组11的参数信息；同时，所述控制器14控制所述第一开关K1断开。
接着，所述控制器14在根据所述电池组11中单体电池111的参数信息确定所述电池组11中有单体电池111需要开启均衡时，获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，并将所述控制通道140联通于所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111所对应的均衡电路13；同时，所述控制器14可以控制所述第一开关K1闭合。
然后，所述控制器14按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制该均衡电路13对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
可选地，所述控制器14根据所述目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比确定均衡时间段和采集时间段，所述均衡时间段和所述采集时间段之和等于所述控制通道140被占用的总时长；在所述采集时间段，所述控制器14控制所述控制通道140连通所述采集电路12，以使所述采集电路12采集所述电池组11的参数信息，同时，所述控制器14控制所述第一开关K1断开；在所述均衡时间段，所述控制器14控制所述控制通道140连通需要进行均衡处理的均衡电路13，所述控制器14可以控制所述第一开关K1闭合，以使所述均衡电路13对所述电池组11中需要均衡的单体电池111进行均衡处理。
本公开通过在第一均衡支路上设有第一开关，在需要采集电池组的参数信息时，将控制通道连接于采集电路，所述第一开关断开；而在需要均衡时，将控制通道连接于均衡电路，所述第一开关闭合，实现了分时复用一个控制通道，减少了对控制器的通道数量要求，进而降低了硬件成本；并且由于电池采样和均衡分开进行，均衡电流不会影响电池电压，从而提高了电池电压采样的精度。
可选地，所述控制通道140上可以设有控制开关。当需要所述采集电路12采集电池组11的参数信息时，即在所述采集时间段，所述控制器14控制所述控制开关连接于所述采集电路12，以使所述控制通道140连通所述采集电路12。当需要所述均衡电路13对所述电池组11中的单体电池111进行均衡处理时，即在所述均衡时间段，所述控制器控14制所述控制开关连接于所述均衡电路13，以使所述控制通道140连通所述均衡电路13。
本公开通过将控制开关设置在控制器与采集电路、均衡电路之间，所述控制器可以通过调节控制开关的状态，达到采集和均衡的作用，并且能够实现均衡时不采样，采样时不均衡的效果，从而均衡电流不会影响电池电压，从而提高了电池电压采样时的精度。
在现有的采集电路、均衡电路分别通过一个控制通道与控制器相连接时，每个单体电池对应两个控制通道，每个控制通道对应控制芯片的一个引脚，即N个单体电池对应2N个引脚。而本公开同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路共用一个控制通道与控制器连接，一个控制通道对应一个引脚，即N个单体电池对应N个控制通道，对应N个引脚，这样能够减少控制芯片引脚的需求，在现有技术的基础上，可以减少一半的引脚数量，有效降低了控制芯片成本。
可选地，所述控制器包括设置在电池信息采集器中的第一控制单元，和设置在电池管理控制器中的第二控制单元。可选地，所述采集电路通过所述第一控制单元向所述第二控制单元发送采集到的电池组中单体电池的参数信息；其中，同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路对应第一控制单元的一个连接通道。
所述第一控制单元可以通过控制所述连接通道连接于所述采集电路，进而控制所述采集电路采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息。所述第二控制单元也可以通过通讯单元向所述 第一控制单元发送采集指令，以通过所述第一控制单元控制所述连接通道连接于所述采集电路。
所述第一控制单元可以通过控制所述连接通道连接于所述均衡电路，进而控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。所述第一控制单元可以将所述采集电路采集的电池组的参数信息发给所述第二控制单元，所述第二控制单元根据电池组的参数信息确定需要开启均衡的单体电池，并通过通讯单元向所述第一控制单元发送均衡指令，以通过所述第一控制单元控制所述连接通道连接于所述均衡电路。
当电池均衡***中的采集电路是通过第一控制单元向第二控制单元发送采集到的电池组中单体电池的参数信息时，同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路对应第一控制单元的一个连接通道，减少了第一控制单元所需通道的数量。
电池信息采集器的第一控制单元和电池管理控制器的第二控制单元可以选择性地对需要均衡的单体电池进行均衡控制。即，第一控制单元可以控制均衡电路对需要进行均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，第二控制单元也可以控制均衡电路对需要进行均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。其中，第一控制单元或第二控制单元根据采集电路采集的电池组的参数信息确定需要进行均衡的单体电池。
所述电池信息采集器在预设时长未收到所述电池管理控制器发送的均衡指令时，所述第一控制单元接收所述电池组的参数信息，并根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制均衡电路对需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
所述电池信息采集器收到用于指示所述电池信息采集器进行均衡处理的指令时，所述第一控制单元接收所述电池组的参数信息，并根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制均衡电路对需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
所述电池信息采集器收到电池管理控制器故障报文时，所述第一控制单元接收所述电池组的参数信息，并根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制均衡电路对需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
电池信息采集器和电池管理控制器可以分别通过第一控制单元和第二控制单元选择性地对均衡***进行控制，这样能够在电池信息采集器和电池管理控制器二者之一失效或故障等情况下，依然保证电池均衡***的正常运行。
本公开还提供了一种车辆，包括上述的电池均衡***。
关于上述实施例中的车辆，其中车辆包括的电池均衡***在上述电池均衡***的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
图4是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的流程图。如图4所示，所述电池均衡方法应用于电池均衡***，所述电池均衡***包括控制器、采集电路和均衡电路； 其中，所述控制器通过一个控制通道与对应于电池组中同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述控制通道；该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S21，将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，并控制所述均衡电路处于导通状态。
步骤S22，通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S23，通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡。
步骤S24，将所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路，并控制所述采集电路处于短路状态。
步骤S25，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
图5是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图5所示，所述均衡电路分别通过第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路连接于对应的单体电池，所述第一均衡支路和所述第二均衡支路的一端分别连接于该单体电池的两极；所述第一均衡支路与所述第二均衡支路的另一端连接于采集电路和均衡电路之间；该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S31，将将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，断开所述第一均衡支路且导通所述第二均衡支路。
步骤S32，通过所述采集电路采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S33，通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池、所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述均衡电路占用所述控制通道的时长与所述控制通道被占用的总时长之比。
步骤S34，将所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路，并导通该单体电池所对应的第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路。
步骤S35，通过所述控制器按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
可选地，如图6所示，所述根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长，包括：
步骤S331，通过所述控制器根据采集到的所述电池组的参数信息，确定所述电池组中是否有单体电池需要开启均衡；
步骤S332，在确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长。
可选地，该方法还包括：通过所述控制器根据所述目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比确定均衡时间段和采集时间段，所述均衡时间段和所述采集时间段之和等于所述控制通道被 占用的总时长；
其中，所述将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，包括：在所述采集时间段，将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路；
所述将所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路，包括：在所述均衡时间段，所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路。
图7是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图7所示，该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S51，将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，断开所述第一均衡支路且导通所述第二均衡支路。
步骤S52，通过所述采集电路采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S53，通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡。
步骤S54，将所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路，并导通该单体电池所对应的第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路。
步骤S55，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行放电。
步骤S56，当所述电池组中的单体电池不需要进行均衡处理时，将该单体电池的采集电路通过对应的所述控制通道与所述控制器连接。
图8是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种电池均衡方法的另一流程图。如图8所示，该方法包括以下步骤。
步骤S61，将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，断开所述第一均衡支路且导通所述第二均衡支路。
步骤S62，通过所述采集电路采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息。
步骤S63，通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡。
步骤S64，将所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路，并导通该单体电池所对应的第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路。
步骤S65，通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行充电。
步骤S66，当所述电池组中的单体电池不需要进行均衡处理时，将该单体电池的采集电路通过对应的所述控制通道与所述控制器连接。
关于上述实施例中的电池均衡方法，其中各个步骤的具体方式已经在有关该电池信均 衡***的实施例中进行了详细描述，此处将不做详细阐述说明。
本公开还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述的电池均衡方法。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式，但是，本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本公开的技术构思范围内，可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本公开的思想，其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电池均衡***，其特征在于，包括采集电路、均衡电路和控制器；其中，所述控制器通过一个控制通道与对应于电池组中同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述控制通道；
    所述采集电路用于采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息；当所述采集电路需要采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息时，所述均衡电路处于导通状态；
    所述均衡电路用于对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理；当所述均衡电路需要对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理时，所述采集电路处于短路状态；以及
    所述控制器用于在根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述均衡电路分别通过第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路连接于对应的单体电池，所述第一均衡支路和所述第二均衡支路的一端分别连接于该单体电池的两极；所述第一均衡支路与所述第二均衡支路的另一端连接于采集电路和均衡电路之间；
    当所述采集电路需要采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息时，所述第一均衡支路断开且所述第二均衡支路导通；
    当所述均衡电路需要对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理时，该单体电池对应的第一均衡支路和所述第二均衡支路导通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述第二均衡支路保持导通状态，所述第一均衡支路上设有第一开关；当所述采集电路需要采集电池组中单体电池的参数信息时，所述第一开关断开；当所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理时，该单体电池对应的第一均衡支路上的第一开关闭合。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于按照由所述电池组的参数信息获取的所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，所述均衡占空比为所述均衡电路占用所述控制通道的时长与所述控制通道被占用的总时长之比。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于根据所述目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比确定均衡时间段和采集时间段，所述均衡时间段和所述采集时间段之和等于所述控制通道被占用的总时长；在所述均衡时间段，所述控制通道连通所述均衡电路，以使所述均衡电路对所述电池组中的单体电池进行均衡处理；在所述采集时间段，所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，以使所述采集电路采集所述电池组的参数信息。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制器用于通过以下方式获取所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长：
    根据所述采集电路采集到的所述电池组的参数信息，确定所述电池组中是否有单体电池需要开启均衡；
    在确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，根据电池组的参数信息计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，当所述电池组中的单体电池不需要进行均衡处理时，该单体电池的采集电路通过对应的所述控制通道与所述控制器连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于在单体电池电压与各个单体电池中的最小电压的差值大于预设电压差阈值时，控制所述均衡电路对所述单体电池进行放电。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于在单体电池的电压与各个单体电池中的最大电压的差值大于预设电压差阈值时控制所述均衡电路对所述单体电池进行充电。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述控制器包括控制芯片，所述控制芯片通过一个引脚与对应于同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，所述引脚通过所述控制通道与所述均衡电路和所述采集电路连接。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述均衡电路包括与所述单体电池并联的均衡电阻。
  12. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-11中任一项所述的电池均衡***。
  13. 一种电池均衡方法，应用于电池均衡***，其特征在于，所述电池均衡***包括控制器、采集电路和均衡电路；其中，所述控制器通过一个控制通道与对应于电池组中同一单体电池的采集电路和均衡电路连接，该采集电路和该均衡电路分时复用所述控制通道；
    该方法包括：
    将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，并控制所述均衡电路处于导通状态；
    通过所述采集电路采集所述电池组中单体电池的参数信息；
    通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡；
    将所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路，并控制所述采集电路处于短路状态；
    通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述均衡电路分别通过第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路连接于对应的单体电池，所述第一均衡支路和所述第二均衡支路的一端分别连接于该单体电池的两极；所述第一均衡支路与所述第二均衡支路的另一端连接于采集电路和均衡电路之间；
    所述控制所述均衡电路处于导通状态，包括：
    断开所述第一均衡支路且导通所述第二均衡支路；
    所述控制所述采集电路处于短路状态，包括：
    导通该单体电池所对应的第一均衡支路和第二均衡支路。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡，包括：
    通过所述控制器根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池、所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和均衡占空比，所述均衡占空比为所述均衡电路占用所述控制通道的时长与所述控制通道被占用的总时长之比；
    所述通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，包括：
    通过所述控制器按照所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法还包括：
    根据所述目标均衡时长和所述均衡占空比确定均衡时间段和采集时间段，所述均衡时间段和所述采集时间段之和等于所述控制通道被占用的总时长；
    所述将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路，包括：
    在所述采集时间段，将所述控制通道连通所述采集电路；
    所述将所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路，包括：
    在所述均衡时间段，所述控制通道连通所述需要开启均衡的单体电池所对应的均衡电路。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电池组的参数信息确定所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长，包括：
    根据采集到的所述电池组的参数信息，确定所述电池组中是否有单体电池需要开启均衡；
    在确定所述电池组中有单体电池需要开启均衡时，计算所述需要开启均衡的单体电池的目标均衡时长。
  18. 根据权利要求13-17任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述电池组中的单体电 池不需要进行均衡处理时，该方法还包括：
    将该单体电池的采集电路通过对应的所述控制通道与所述控制器连接。
  19. 根据权利要求13-18任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，包括：
    通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡放电。
  20. 根据权利要求13-19任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡处理，包括：
    通过所述控制器控制所述均衡电路对所述需要开启均衡的单体电池进行均衡充电。
  21. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机程序指令，其特征在于，所述计算机程序指令被处理器执行时实现权利要求13-20中任意一项所述的电池均衡方法。
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