WO2016120104A1 - Dispositif pour produire un rayonnement x dans un champ magnétique externe - Google Patents

Dispositif pour produire un rayonnement x dans un champ magnétique externe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016120104A1
WO2016120104A1 PCT/EP2016/050862 EP2016050862W WO2016120104A1 WO 2016120104 A1 WO2016120104 A1 WO 2016120104A1 EP 2016050862 W EP2016050862 W EP 2016050862W WO 2016120104 A1 WO2016120104 A1 WO 2016120104A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
anode
magnetic field
generating
electron
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/050862
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oliver Heid
Andreas Geisler
Svetlana GOSSMANN
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to CN201680007531.0A priority Critical patent/CN107210174A/zh
Priority to US15/544,854 priority patent/US9960003B2/en
Publication of WO2016120104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016120104A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/30—Cold cathodes, e.g. field-emissive cathode
    • H01J1/304—Field-emissive cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/06—Cathodes
    • H01J35/065—Field emission, photo emission or secondary emission cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J3/00—Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J3/02—Electron guns
    • H01J3/021—Electron guns using a field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron source
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H01J9/022—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes
    • H01J9/025—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes of field emission cathodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating X-radiation in an external magnetic field, which can be generated by a magnetic field device.
  • An apparatus for generating X-ray radiation comprises a cathode for generating an electron beam and an anode for decelerating the electrons of the electron beam and for generating an X-ray beam.
  • the device comprises a device for generating an electric field directed by the cathode in the direction of the anode.
  • the X-radiation is produced in such a device by energy transitions in the electron shells of atoms or molecules and by the change in velocity of the charged particles per se.
  • the electrons emitted by the cathode are first accelerated by the applied electric field and then hit the anode, in which they are strongly decelerated.
  • the result is X-radiation and heat, whereby electrons are knocked out of the shell of the atoms by electron and photon interactions.
  • the holes in the shells are filled up by other electrons, whereby, among other things, the characteristic X-ray radiation is formed.
  • This superposed ⁇ is the so-called Bremsstrahlung, which is caused by the mere change in velocity of the electrons due to the interaction with the anode.
  • the human Kör ⁇ per be transilluminated, in particular bone, but also internal organs are visible.
  • Hot cathodes Medical devices for generating X-rays often use hot cathodes. If hot cathodes are exposed to strong magnetic induction caused by a magnetic field device, such as the MRI or the angiography system, the achievable electron current is reduced. ⁇ plane if the focus of the substituteaillee ⁇ nen from the thermionic cathode electron beam is negatively influenced by the electric fields of embossed appearance. On the anode: thus substantially smaller electron current density results in a in comparison to an X-ray apparatus without an external magnetic field (current log ⁇ te short). However, a certain predetermined current density is necessary for generating the X-ray beam at a level sufficient for medical use.
  • the compensation of the reduced current density is possible via a higher heating temperature of the hot cathode.
  • a sol ⁇ che increasing the heating temperature affects the life of the hot cathode and thus the X-ray tube, however, negative. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for generating X-radiation, which is operable in an external magnetic field and can generate a high electron current, without any risk for the destruction of the cathode or a reduction in the life of the cathode and the image quality is not affected
  • a device for generating X-ray radiation in an outer magnetic field which can be generated by a magnetic field device proposed.
  • the device comprises a cathode for generating an electron beam, an anode for decelerating the electrons of the electron beam and for generating an X-ray beam and a device for generating an electric field directed from the anode in the direction of the cathode and substantially collinear to the external magnetic field.
  • the cathode comprises a cold cathode which passively provides free electrons by means of field emission.
  • an electric field At a substantially collinear electric field, an electric field is understood, this need not be everywhere pa rallel ⁇ the magnetic field.
  • the electrons follow the magnetic field (with sufficient strength), the demands on the electric field with respect to its orientation are therefore weakened under these conditions.
  • the electric field In the conventional case, the electric field must be shaped so that ei ⁇ ne focusing of the electron beam takes place at the anode.
  • Such an arrangement allows the use of ei ⁇ ner cold cathode, the generation of a high electron current (ie, an electron beam with a large number of electrons), without any risk of tearing or destruction of the cathode. Since no focusing of the electron beam by electric fields takes place in the abovementioned conditions, the emission current reduction, for example in the case of a hot cathode, can not be compensated by means of a larger filament without increasing the focal spot. In this conventional case, a beam spot area would correspond to one projected
  • Filament size increase, whereby requirements with respect to the beam spot size can not be met.
  • a cold cathode By using a cold cathode, a material-specific current density remains largely unaffected.
  • the beam spot size describes the area of the electron beam incident on the anode, which is determined by the size and geometry of the spot. The shape of the cathode and the course of the two fields is influenced. Ideally, the beam spot should be punctiform, which would make the generation of X-ray radiation from a point X-ray source very close.
  • the electron emitter is formed linear. Under a line-type electron emitter, a one-length, one-to-one, lengthwise extension is present throughout its length. straighter, not
  • the electron emitter in cross-section with respect to an axial extension direction is a convex surface
  • the convex surface exclu ⁇ Lich extends in the direction of the anode and represents the Elektronenemit ⁇ ter.
  • a reduction of the emittie ⁇ Governing surface of the electron emitter is associated in comparison with a hot cathode filament a.
  • This is accompanied by ei ⁇ nem by the external magnetic field undisturbed electron flow in the direction of the anode, since it is ensured that only electrons in the direction of the anode can escape from the electron emitter.
  • a reduction of the emitting surface is avoided in comparison to a filament of a hot cathode, since only the front side of the electron emitter contributes to the electron current.
  • the electron emitter can have the shape of a half-cylinder in cross-section with respect to an axial extension direction .
  • the convex surface can also be realized by other cross-sectional shapes of the electron emitter. Due to the shape of a half-cylinder, a convex surface which extends exclusively in the direction of the anode is made possible. In particular, this design makes it possible for a field increase on the surface of the half-cylinder, in particular over its complete line-shaped course, to be possible, whereby the electron exit is facilitated.
  • the cathode comprises a substrate on which the electron emitter is arranged.
  • the substrate may be made of a semiconductor material.
  • the sub ⁇ strat can also consist of a metal.
  • the electron emitter and the substrate are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner.
  • the axial extension direction extends parallel or at an angle to a first direction, which extends perpendicular to a third direction of the electric field and a second direction transverse to the electric field, wherein an impact ⁇ surface of the anode in a plane which extends parallel to the second direction and at an acute angle to the first direction.
  • the degree of dot shape of the X-ray emanating from the anode can be measured.
  • Dot-shapedness is the more given the smaller the measure of the acute angle is chosen.
  • the cathode consists of a carbon-based substance or substances.
  • the cathode may have an irregular surface in order to facilitate the escape of electrons due to a field exaggeration.
  • the surface may have a film of carbon nanoflakes as field-emitting elements.
  • the carbon nanoflakes may have rounded or pointed edges.
  • the electrons leave the surface of the
  • Electron emitter due to a there prevailing elec ⁇ tric field, which is as described essentially collinear to the external magnetic field.
  • the electric field can be generated by applying an electrical voltage between the cathode and the anode.
  • Voltage source for providing a first voltage between the cathode and the anode may be provided or interconnected.
  • a voltage source for providing a second voltage between the cathode and the further electrode is provided, wherein the second DC voltage is less than the first DC voltage.
  • Ne egg located between the anode and the cathode further Elect ⁇ rode is also known under the name "Puller-electrode".
  • the electrons leave the surface of the electron emitter with such low energy that they follow the field lines of the magnetic field.
  • the voltages are pulsed to turn the beam on and off, for example, at angiography up to 30 frames per second.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an inventive ⁇ SEN device for generating X-rays in an external magnetic field
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a cathode, as used in a device according to the invention shown in FIG. 1.
  • the device 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 according to the invention for generating X-ray radiation 32.
  • the device 1 comprises a cathode 10 and an anode 20 (so-called rotary anode) rotatable about a rotation axis 21.
  • the anode 20 may also be designed as a standing anode.
  • Via a DC voltage source 40 which is connected between the cathode 10 and the anode 20, an electrical voltage of predetermined height is applied between them. This produces a dishes ⁇ tes from the anode toward the cathode electric field.
  • the device 1 is arranged in an outer magnetic field 50 generated by a magnetic field device (not shown).
  • the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field 50 and the electrical field lines of the electric field generated between the anode 20 and the cathode 10 are largely collinear. This means tet, the field lines of the electric field correspond to the field lines of the magnetic field 50.
  • the arrangement of the device 1 in space is defined in the present description by a coordinate system having a first direction (x-direction), a second direction (y-direction) and a third direction (z-direction).
  • the three directions or axes are in each case at a right angle to each other, i. the three directions or axes form a Cartesian coordinate system.
  • the field lines of the electric field and the magnetic field are parallel to the x-direction, while the cathode 10 and the anode 20 extend in the x-y plane.
  • 2 shows in a perspective view an enlarged view of the cathode 10 used in the device 1 according to FIG. 1.
  • a coordinate system corresponding to FIG. 1 is shown.
  • the cathode 10 includes a substrate 11 and an electron ⁇ emitter 12 having a respective length 15.
  • the substrate 11 is, for example, be ⁇ of a semiconductor material or a metal.
  • the electron emitter 12 has a cross-section 13, which in respect to an axial extension direction (ie, an ER stretching along the x-direction, or alternatively, lying at an angle to the x-direction and in the xz plane), a kon ⁇ vexe surface wherein the convex surface, when the cathode 10 is arranged in the device 1, extends exclusively in the direction of the anode 20.
  • the electron emitter has the shape of a half-cylinder in cross-section.
  • the surface of the electron emitter 12 is identified from which the electrons escape from the electron emitter due to the prevailing electric field.
  • the electron emitter 12 and the substrate 11 have an equal length 15. This is not necessary in principle, the length of the sub strates ⁇ 11 could be larger than the length 15 of the electrical nenemitters 12th
  • the electron emitter 12 is made of a carbon-based substance or substances.
  • the electron emitter 12 may have an irregular surface.
  • the electron emitter 12 is thus formed as a cold cathode.
  • the surface 14 of the electron emitter 12 may comprise carbon nanoflakes.
  • the carbon nanoflakes may be applied to the surface 14 of the electron emitter 12 by a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process.
  • the carbon nanoflakes emerge from a layer of carbon or carbon material, which is first applied to the substrate 11.
  • An electron emitter with carbon nanoflakes has better electrical conductivity due to its graphitic structure.
  • an increased range for the emission of the electrons is provided. Due to the irregular surface also the effect of field peaks can be used, whereby the electrons austre ⁇ th easily from the material of the electron emitter.
  • the material described in US 6,819,034 Bl to provide a cold cathode for use in a computer system may be used.
  • the cathode 10 described in Fig. 2 is arranged in the device 1 such that the line-shaped electron emitter 12 extends in the direction of the x-direction of the coordinate system. Alternatively, it may also extend at an angle with respect to the x-direction, but lying in the xz-plane.
  • the Elect ⁇ Ronen emitter 12 is directed relative to the anode 20 in such a way from ⁇ that it in the z-direction to overlap up to a bounce region 22 of the anode 20 is arranged.
  • the Aufprallbe ⁇ rich 22 of the anode 20 lies in a plane which extends in the direction of the y-axis and at an acute angle 23 to the xy plane of the coordinate system.
  • the extent of the acute angle 23 determines the size of the apparent surface from which the X-ray beam 32 emanates from the anode 20.
  • the device 1 makes it possible to generate a high electron current without the risk of rupture of a current-carrying, labile conductor (filament).
  • the reduction of the emitting surface and thus also that of the undisturbed electron current through the magnetic field, as occurs in a cathode with a filament, does not occur in the proposed device, since in the cold cathode used anyway only the front, ie the surface 14, for Contributing electron flow.
  • a material-specific current density thus remains largely unaffected.
  • a device 1 READY ⁇ len which has a long service life and in which the Shaped ⁇ -made current density for generating the X-ray beam is possible without influence the lifetime of the component to affect negatively leaves it.
  • This is made possible by the use of a cold cathode for the purpose of generating a sufficiently large current density.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour produire un rayonnement X dans un champ magnétique externe (50) pouvant être produit par un appareil à champ magnétique. Le dispositif (1) comprend une cathode (10) pour produire un faisceau d'électrons (30), ainsi qu'une anode (20) pour ralentir les électrons du faisceau d'électrons (30) et pour produire un rayonnement X (50). Le dispositif (1) comprend un outre un appareil pour produire un champ électrique, dirigé de l'anode (20) vers la cathode (10) et sensiblement colinéaire vis-à-vis du champ magnétique externe (50), la cathode (10) comprenant comme émetteur d'électrons (12) une cathode froide qui fournit des électrons libres de manière passive par émission par effet de champ.
PCT/EP2016/050862 2015-01-27 2016-01-18 Dispositif pour produire un rayonnement x dans un champ magnétique externe WO2016120104A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201680007531.0A CN107210174A (zh) 2015-01-27 2016-01-18 用于在外磁场中产生x射线辐射的设备
US15/544,854 US9960003B2 (en) 2015-01-27 2016-01-18 Apparatus for generating x-ray radiation in an external magnetic field

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015201375.8A DE102015201375A1 (de) 2015-01-27 2015-01-27 Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung in einem äußeren Magnetfeld
DE102015201375.8 2015-01-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016120104A1 true WO2016120104A1 (fr) 2016-08-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2016/050862 WO2016120104A1 (fr) 2015-01-27 2016-01-18 Dispositif pour produire un rayonnement x dans un champ magnétique externe

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9960003B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN107210174A (fr)
DE (1) DE102015201375A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016120104A1 (fr)

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DE102016218889A1 (de) 2016-09-29 2018-03-01 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Medizinisches Bildgebungssystem zur kombinierten Magnetresonanz- und Röntgenbildgebung eines Untersuchungsobjektes mit einem Röntgenstrahler und Röntgenstrahler
US10269530B1 (en) * 2017-11-29 2019-04-23 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Ion beam source for semiconductor ion implantation

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US20090039754A1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2009-02-12 Zhidan L. Tolt Low voltage electron source with self aligned gate apertures, fabrication method thereof, and devices using the electron source
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6259765B1 (en) * 1997-06-13 2001-07-10 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique X-ray tube comprising an electron source with microtips and magnetic guiding means
JP2001250496A (ja) * 2000-03-06 2001-09-14 Rigaku Corp Ｘ線発生装置
US20090039754A1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2009-02-12 Zhidan L. Tolt Low voltage electron source with self aligned gate apertures, fabrication method thereof, and devices using the electron source
JP2005346942A (ja) * 2004-05-31 2005-12-15 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 冷陰極電子源及びそれを用いた電子管
US20090272915A1 (en) * 2006-04-11 2009-11-05 Hitoshi Inaba Soft X-Ray Generation Apparatus and Static Elimination Apparatus
JP2008251341A (ja) * 2007-03-30 2008-10-16 Nagaoka Univ Of Technology Ｘ線発生装置
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KR20100128540A (ko) * 2009-05-28 2010-12-08 고려대학교 산학협력단 카본나노튜브 기반 엑스선관 및 그 제조방법
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102015201375A1 (de) 2016-07-28
CN107210174A (zh) 2017-09-26
US20180019088A1 (en) 2018-01-18
US9960003B2 (en) 2018-05-01

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