WO2007134548A1 - Procédé de préparation d'huile de spores de ganoderma - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation d'huile de spores de ganoderma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007134548A1
WO2007134548A1 PCT/CN2007/001687 CN2007001687W WO2007134548A1 WO 2007134548 A1 WO2007134548 A1 WO 2007134548A1 CN 2007001687 W CN2007001687 W CN 2007001687W WO 2007134548 A1 WO2007134548 A1 WO 2007134548A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ganoderma lucidum
ganoderma
extraction
spore oil
spore
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PCT/CN2007/001687
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yizheng Xie
Senzhu Li
Burton B. Yang
Chong Li
Zhi Zhang
Qingping Wu
Guanzhou Chen
Biao Luo
Original Assignee
Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd
Guangdong Institute Of Microbiology
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Application filed by Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd, Guangdong Institute Of Microbiology filed Critical Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd
Priority to US12/302,026 priority Critical patent/US20110244556A1/en
Publication of WO2007134548A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007134548A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/06Fungi, e.g. yeasts
    • A61K36/07Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
    • A61K36/074Ganoderma
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06Antihyperlipidemics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04Immunostimulants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/02Pretreatment
    • C11B1/025Pretreatment by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11BPRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/10Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
    • C11B1/104Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting using super critical gases or vapours
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23VINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an extraction process of whole ganoderma spore oil, in particular to a method for extracting whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil by using ganoderma lucidum spore powder and ganoderma lucidum powder as raw materials by enzymatic breaking and supercritical co 2 , and belongs to the field of biotechnology. Background technique:
  • Ganodenna lucidum (Curt is :Fr) P. Karst.] is a medicinal fungus of the genus Ganoderma lucidum of the genus Basidiomycetes. It is a traditional and precious medicinal material in China.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spores are the seeds of Ganoderma lucidum. They are ejected from the back of Ganoderma lucidum cover during the growth stage of Ganoderma lucidum. They have all the genetically active substances of Ganoderma lucidum and are the essence of Ganoderma lucidum.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spores have enhanced immunity, liver protection, anti-virus, regulation of blood lipids, and regulation and improvement of the nervous, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
  • the spores of Ganoderma lucidum are oval in shape, the size is 5 ⁇ 8 ⁇ ⁇ , and there are 1 ⁇ 2 oil droplets in the spore.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spores have a double-layer cell wall, and its main components are chitin, lignin and cellulose, Si, Ca, Fe, Mg, Al, etc., making the spore wall very strong and hard, resistant to acid, alkali, pressure, and temperature.
  • the active substance in the spore is coated and not easily extracted.
  • the most common methods for breaking the ganoderma spores are mechanical methods and enzymatic methods, mainly mechanical methods.
  • the ganoderma spore wall can be destroyed by mechanical actions such as crushing, extrusion, jet pulverization, jet pulverization, impact, etc.
  • the ultrafine pulverizing equipment used is a ball mill, a high-speed air flow machine, a roller compactor, a jet machine, and the like.
  • the mechanical breaking method is simple and easy, the wall breaking rate is high, and it is easy to scale production.
  • the mechanical equipment has a complicated structure, high price and running cost, and it is easy to oxidize and deteriorate after the post-treatment.
  • Another method of breaking the wall is enzymatic method. Wang Cunxue et al. (2002) reported "a method for breaking the wall of Ganoderma lucidum spores": Ganoderma spores were soaked in water at 35 ° C for 12 hours to cause the spores to swell and expand, and the external tissue softened and added. 1.
  • the main components in the spores of broken ganoderma lucidum are triterpenoids and fatty acids, all of which are lipophilic hydrocarbons and lipid organic compounds, soluble in organic solvents such as CHC1 3 and C 0H, in supercritical C0 2 fluids. It has better solubility.
  • the supercritical C0 2 fluid extraction process is used because C0 2 is colorless, odorless, non-toxic, non-flammable and explosive, avoids the danger of organic solvent extraction, is safe to use, and has no solvent residue after the end of extraction; Low, can avoid the decomposition of the conventional extraction process, the formation of unknown compound precipitation and other reactions, suitable for the extraction of active ingredients of Ganoderma lucidum spores.
  • CN 1194079C discloses a Ganoderma lucidum spore oil prepared by supercritical extraction process C0 2, Ganoderma lucidum spores expanded, granulated after extraction by supercritical C0 2 spores oil, the method uses a Ganoderma spore puffing process, wherein the puffing temperature is higher ( Up to 80 ⁇ 140 C), accelerates the oxidation and rancidity of the oil and fat in the spores of Ganoderma lucidum after breaking the wall, affecting the quality of spore oil products.
  • Patent CN 1114446C also discloses a method for extracting effective active substances of Ganoderma lucidum spores, which relates to a process of extracting Ganoderma lucidum spores and supercritical CO 2 extraction.
  • the supercritical C0 2 fluid extraction pressure is 5 MPa to 60 MPa
  • the extraction temperature is 32 to 85 ° C
  • the C0 2 fluid flow rate is 5 kg/h to 80 kg/h, which is difficult to obtain in such a wide range of process conditions in actual production. Spore oil products with purity and high oil yield.
  • Patent CN 1094766C discloses a supercritical extraction processing method for ganoderma spore oil, which involves supercritical extraction of a mixture of ganoderma spores with water, gelatin or starch as a binder.
  • the supercritical extraction temperature and pressure involved are wide. It is difficult to master the process conditions during production to produce high-purity spore oil products, and the extraction time is also up to 35 hours, making it difficult to implement industrialization.
  • Patent CN 1239100C also discloses a ganoderma lucidum spore oil and a preparation method and use thereof, which are characterized in that the spore oil is extracted by using a broken wall spore as a raw material, granulated with an ethanol solution, and supercritical CO.
  • the supercritical C0 2 extraction spore oil is made of mechanically broken Ganoderma lucidum spores, or is granulated and extracted by unbroken spores after high temperature expansion.
  • the mechanical destruction process of Ganoderma lucidum spores has been partially oxidized or rancid, affecting extraction. After the quality of the spore oil, reduce its physiological activity. Summary of the invention:
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a physiologically active whole ganoderma spore oil.
  • the technical scheme adopted by the invention is: taking 50 ⁇ 100% of ganoderma lucidum spores and 0 ⁇ 50% of ganoderma lucidum powder as raw materials by weight percentage, after enzymatic breaking, one-step granulation, supercritical C0 2 extraction, centrifugal refining, A pale yellow oil was obtained.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spore wall is gently hydrolyzed by various enzymes such as cellulase, protease and pectinase which are secreted during mycelial growth. After the ganoderma lucidum mycelium is overgrown for 0 to 60 days, the culture product is taken out, dried, and pulverized. In order to further increase the breaking rate, the crushing equipment can use ultra-fine grinding equipment such as ball mill, grinding mixer, roller compactor, high-speed airflow machine, etc., so that the broken rate of ganoderma spores is over 95%.
  • Granulation The purpose of granulation is to make it difficult for the material to run into the pipeline during the supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction process to prevent overpressure of the equipment.
  • pure water as a wetting agent, the ganoderma lucidum spores are wet granulated by a one-step granulator, and the drying temperature is controlled at 30 ⁇ 50'C, and the drying time is 2 ⁇ 4h, and the water content is less than 5%.
  • the extract was collected, filtered, and a small amount of spore powder impurities mixed in the extract was removed, and further removed by centrifugation at 5000 to 20000 r/niin high speed centrifuge to obtain a clear, translucent light yellow oil with an oil yield of 10 to 25%.
  • the Ganoderma lucidum spore oil of the present invention was compared with the conventional mechanical spore-extracted Ganoderma lucidum spore oil for inhibiting tumor cell growth and comparing the peroxide values.
  • Sample treatment Ganoderma lucidum spore oil and spore oil extracted from mechanical spores were emulsified with glycerin solution to a concentration of 8 uL/mL.
  • Human malignant breast cancer cell line (MT-1) was provided by the laboratory of Professor Yang Baihua of the University of Toronto, Canada.
  • Tumor cell culture medium 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum FBS, and 100 IU/mL penicillin and 100 IU/mL streptomycin were added to the DMEM medium.
  • the amount of the MT-1 culture plate added was 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200 > 240, 280 uL, followed by 37" C 5% C (concentration incubator for 2 days. (3) The culture was taken out from the C0 2 incubator. Plate, aspirate the culture solution, use Diff-Quik
  • the effect of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells at the experimental dose of 160 uL was comparable to that of the mechanically spore-extracted Ganoderma lucidum spore oil at an experimental dose of 280 uL. It can be seen that the effect of the whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil of the present invention on inhibiting the growth of tumor cells is significantly higher than that of the conventional ganoderma lucidum spore oil. .
  • the peroxide value is determined by the method specified in GB/T5009.
  • the peroxidation value of the whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil of the present invention is 0.08 ⁇ 0. 10 (g/100g), and the conventional ganoderma spore oil has a peroxide value of 0.13 (g/100g) or more.
  • the peroxidation value of the whole ganoderma spore oil was significantly lower than that of the conventional mechanical spore-extracted ganoderma spore oil, indicating that the whole ganoderma spore oil of the present invention has stronger anti-oxidation ability.
  • the whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil of the invention also has the functions of enhancing immunity and protecting liver, and can be used as a raw material for health care, medicinal and high-grade cosmetics.
  • the use of the whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil provided by the present invention is demonstrated by pharmacodynamic experiments below.
  • the whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil obtained by the above process was prepared under the GMP condition to prepare a whole ganoderma spore oil soft capsule.
  • the recommended amount is 0. 033 g/kg BW in an adult weight of 60 kg.
  • Group and dose Set the corn oil control group and the low, medium and high dose groups, the dosage is as follows: low dose group 0. 17g/kg BW, equivalent to 5 times the recommended daily dose; medium dose group
  • Animals SPF Kunming female mice, 6-8 weeks old (body weight 18 ⁇ 22g)
  • Administration route The test animals were administered by intragastric administration of 0. lml/lOg BW per day.
  • Control group 0.00 12 0.28 soil 0.14 low dose group 0.17 12 0.35 ⁇ 0.13 > 0.05 medium dose group 0.33 12 0.35 ⁇ 0.24 > 0.05 high dose group 1.00 12 0.54 ⁇ 0.16 ⁇ 0.01
  • Ratio blank control group 0.00 12 25.17 ⁇ 3.27 3.22 ⁇ 0.13
  • indicates ((: 1 4 control group compared with blank control P ⁇ 0.01; * * indicates that each dose group compared with CC1 4 control group P ⁇ 0.01.
  • Table 5 All Ganoderma lucidum spore oil soft capsules on serum aspartate aminotransferase levels influences
  • ⁇ ⁇ indicates that the control group compared with the blank control P ⁇ 0.01; * indicates that each dose group compared with the CC1 4 control group P ⁇ 0.05, ** indicates that each dose group compared with the CCL control group P ⁇ 0.01.
  • mice were given daily Ganoderma lucidum spore oil soft capsules 0.17, 0.33, 1.00 g/kg BW, equivalent to 5, 10, 30 times the recommended daily dose for 4 weeks.
  • the results showed: (1) Sheep red blood cells Induced mouse delayed allergy test and ConA-induced mouse spleen lymphocyte transformation and proliferation test positive, the sample has enhanced cell immunity Epidemic function
  • test animal has a positive NK cell activity test, and the sample has an enhanced NK cell activity;
  • liver histopathological changes of all Ganoderma lucidum spore oil soft capsules were alleviated by the CCL control group, and the difference was significant.
  • the liver pathological results of the experimental animals were positive.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spore oil soft capsule has the function of enhancing immunity and has an auxiliary protective effect on chemical liver injury.
  • the growth of Ganoderma lucidum has undergone three developmental stages: Ganoderma lucidum spores, Ganoderma lucidum mycelium and Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies. These three developmental stages contain different compositions and contents, and are inherently rational.
  • the whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil prepared by the invention is prepared by using a ganoderma spore and a ganoderma lucidum powder as a raw material by a biological enzymatic method, and then obtained by a supercritical CO 2 extraction technique.
  • the enzymatic method is to enzymatically dissolve the spore wall of Ganoderma lucidum by using various active enzymes secreted during the growth of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium.
  • the process is mild, the loss of active ingredients in the spore is small, it is not easy to oxidize and degenerate, and the Ganoderma lucidum fruit body and Ganoderma lucidum are also added.
  • the silky component therefore, the whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil of the present invention has a supercritical CO extraction of the ganoderma lucidum fruit body and the ganoderma lucidum mycelium in addition to the ganoderma spore extract compared with the conventional mechanical spore-extracted ganoderma spore oil.
  • the active ingredient triterpenoids are more complete and strengthen the function of Ganoderma lucidum.
  • the whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil of the invention has various physiological functions such as obviously enhancing immunity function, assisting protection against liver damage, inhibiting growth of tumor cells, and the like, and simultaneously reducing the growth effect of tumor cells by doubling, and significantly reducing peroxidation. Value, to solve the problem of ganoderma spore oil easy to oxidize.
  • Figure 1 Growth inhibition effect of whole ganoderma lucidum spore oil of the present invention on human malignant breast cancer cell MT-1. With the increase of the experimental concentration of whole ganoderma spore oil, the growth of tumor cells is inhibited. The number of surviving tumor cells gradually decreased, and only a small number of tumor cells survived at the experimental dose of 160 uL.
  • Figure 2 Growth inhibition of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil extracted from mechanical malignant breast cancer cells MT-1. With the increase of the experimental concentration of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, the growth of tumor cells was inhibited, and the number of surviving tumor cells gradually decreased. At the 280 uL experimental dose, only a small number of tumor cells survived.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spores break the wall. Take 90% Ganoderma lucidum spores, 10% Ganoderma lucidum powder, add 1. 2 times pure water, mix well, set the autoclave 0. 15MP pressure disinfection for 2 hours. After cooling, it is operated in a sterile room, and the Ganoderma lucidum granules are transplanted and cultured at 20 °C. After the ganoderma lucidum mycelium is overgrown with the culture material, the culture product is taken out, dried, and pulverized by a ball mill for 20 minutes.
  • the extract was collected, filtered through a filter paper, and a small amount of spore powder impurities mixed in the extract was removed, and further centrifuged by a 8000 r/min high speed centrifuge to obtain a clear, translucent pale yellow oil.

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Description

全灵芝孢子油的制备方法 技术领域:
本发明涉及一种全灵芝孢子油的萃取工艺,特别涉及一种以灵芝 孢子粉、 灵芝粉为原料经酶法破壁、 超临界 co2萃取全灵芝孢子油的 方法, 属于生物技术领域。 背景技术:
灵芝 [ Ganodenna lucidum ( Curt is :Fr) P. Karst. ], 是担子菌纲 非褶菌目灵芝科灵芝属药用真菌, 是我国传统的名贵药材。灵芝孢子 是灵芝的种子, 在灵芝生长成熟期时从灵芝菌盖背面弹射而出,具有 灵芝的全部遗传活性物质, 是灵芝的精华。 大量文献报导, 灵芝孢子 具有增强免疫力、 护肝、 抗病毒、 调节血脂以及对神经、 心血管和呼 吸***具有调节改善作用。在光学显微镜下,灵芝孢子呈卵圆形,大小 为 5〜8 μ πι,孢内有 1〜2个油滴。灵芝孢子具有双层细胞壁, 其主要成 份为几丁质、 木质素和纤维素、 Si、 Ca、 Fe、 Mg、 Al等, 使得孢壁十 分结实坚硬,可耐酸、 耐碱、 耐压、 耐温, 对消化酶也非常稳定, 孢 内有效物质被包覆而不易提取。 为了提高对灵芝孢子的生物利用率, 对灵芝孢子进行有效破壁,而后萃取孢子内含物十分必要。 目前最常 见的灵芝孢子破壁方法是机械方法及酶法, 主要是机械方法。通过碾 压、 挤压、 喷射粉碎、 气流粉碎、 撞击等机械作用可以破坏灵芝孢子 壁,使用的超微粉碎设备有球磨机、 高速气流机、碾压机、 喷射机等。 机械破壁方法简单易行、 破壁率高, 易于规模化生产, 可是机械设备 结构复杂、 价格及运行成本较高, 而且后处理不当时容易氧化变质。 另一种破壁方法是酶法, 王存雪等人 (2002)报导了 "一种灵芝孢子酶 破壁方法": 灵芝孢子在 35°C用水浸泡 12 小时,使孢子吸水膨胀, 外 部组织软化后加入 1. 5%的破壁酶液 (纤维素酶、蜗牛酶等), 35 'C浸泡 酶解 3小时、 晾干, 最后用细砂磨研磨 10〜12 分钟, 可达到 95%的破 壁率。 夏志兰等(2005 )报导的 "灵芝孢子粉生物酶破壁方法技术的 研究" , 单独使用超声波处理灵芝孢子 5分钟后, 破壁率为 40%左右; 在 3%溶壁酶浓度下 38°C处理 4小时后再经超声波处理 5分钟,破壁率可 达 98%。 ZL 00130883. 1公幵了一种激活灵芝孢子产生生理活性物质的 方法, 使用水或生物培养液浸泡灵芝孢子 0. 5〜 8h; 接着在相对湿度 65%〜98%、 温度 20〜48°C条件下培养 0. 5〜24 h; 然后采用几丁质酶、 纤维素酶的酶降解作用使孢子壁失去韧性并脆化; 或采用工业超微 粉碎、 碾压、 磨碎机械进行破壁破壁率可达 99%。
破壁灵芝孢子中的主要成分为三萜类化合物及脂肪酸等, 均为亲 脂性的碳氢化合物和类脂有机化合物, 能溶于 CHC13、 C 0H等有机溶 剂, 在超临界 C02流体中有较佳溶解性。运用超临界 C02流体萃取工艺, 因为 C02无色、 无味、 无毒, 不易燃易爆, 避免了有机溶剂提取的危 险, 使用较安全, 而且萃取结束后无溶剂残留问题; 另外萃取温度较 低,可避免常规提取过程可能产生的分解、形成未知化合物沉淀等反 应, 适合于灵芝孢子有效成分的萃取。 专利 CN 1194079C公开了一种 灵芝孢子油超临界 C02萃取制备方法, 将灵芝孢子膨化、 制粒后经超 临界 C02萃取孢子油, 该方法采用了灵芝孢子膨化过程, 其中膨化温 度较高 (达 80〜140 C ) , 加速了破壁后灵芝孢子内油脂类物质的氧 化及酸败过程, 影响了孢子油产品的品质。 专利 CN 1114446C也公幵 了一种灵芝孢子有效活性物质的萃取方法,涉及将灵芝孢子破壁、超 临界 C02萃取过程。但超临界 C02流体萃取压力为 5MPa〜60MPa、萃取温 度为 32〜85°C, C02流体流量为 5kg/h〜80 kg/h, 在实际生产中难以 在如此宽泛的工艺条件下得到高纯度和高出油率的孢子油产品。专利 CN 1094766C公开了一种灵芝孢子油的超临界萃取加工方法, 涉及将 灵芝孢子与水、明胶或淀粉的混合物为粘合剂制粒成型后进行超临界 萃取。涉及的超临界萃取温度、 压力较宽, 生产时难以掌握好工艺条 件制得高纯度孢子油产品, 同时萃取时间也长达 35小时, 难以真正实 施工业化。 专利 CN 1239100C也公幵了一种灵芝孢子油及其制备方法 和用途,涉及以破壁孢子为原料,用乙醇溶液制粒干燥后经超临界 CO 萃取孢子油。 目前,超临界 C02萃取孢子油均以机械破壁灵芝孢子为原料,或采 用未破壁孢子经高温膨化后再制粒、萃取, 灵芝孢子机械破壁过程就 已部分氧化或酸败, 影响萃取后的孢子油的品质, 降低其生理活性。 发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种具有生理活性的全灵芝孢子油的制备 方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是: 按重量百分比取 50〜100%的灵芝孢 子与 0〜50%的灵芝粉为原料, 经酶法破壁、 一步制粒、 超临界 C02 萃取、 离心精制后, 得到淡黄色油状物。
具体的制备过程是:
1. 酶法破壁过程。 按重量百分比取 50〜100%灵芝孢子、 0〜50% 灵芝粉、 0〜10%小米、 0〜10%高梁、 0〜5%CaC03、 0〜5%蔗糖、 0〜 1%维生素 ΒΓ混合, 加入 1. 0〜1. 5倍水,混合均匀,用 HC1或 NaOH调节 PH至 5. 0〜6. 5后, 置高压消毒锅以 0. 15MP压力消毒 1. 5〜2. 5小时。 然后取出待冷却后在无菌室操作, 接入灵芝固体菌种或液体菌种, 在 15- 35°C条件下培养, 至菌丝长满培养料。 利用菌丝生长过程中 不断分泌的纤维素酶、 蛋白酶、 果胶酶等多种复合酶温和酶解灵 芝孢子壁。 待灵芝菌丝长满培养料后 0〜60天, 取出培养产物, 烘 干、 粉碎。 为了进一步提高破壁率, 粉碎设备可釆用球磨机、 研 磨混炼机、 碾压机、 高速气流机等超微粉碎设备, 使灵芝孢子破 壁率达 95%以上。
2. 制粒。 制粒的目的是使物料在超临界 C02流体萃取过程中不易 跑进管道, 以防造成设备超压。 以纯水作为润湿剂, 用一步制粒 机将酶法破壁后灵芝孢子湿法制粒, 控制干燥温度在 30〜50'C, 干燥时间 2〜4h, 获得水分小于 5%颗粒。
3. 超临界 CO萃取。 将制粒后的灵芝孢子放入超临界 CO萃取装置 的萃取釜中, 使其与超临界流体充分接触、 溶解、 萃取、 分离, 其工艺条件设定如下: 萃取压力为 20〜40MPa、 萃取温度为 20〜50 °C、 C02流体流量为 60〜150 L/h、 萃取时间 0. 5〜6 h; —级分离压 力为 8〜; lOMPa、 分离温度为 25〜45°C ; 二级分离压力为 5〜8MPa、 分离温度为 30〜5(TC ; 萃取过程还可以加入夹带剂, 如无水乙醇、 乙酸乙酯等, 加入量为投料量的 5〜100%。
4. 精制。 收集萃取物, 过滤, 除去混入萃取物中的少量孢子粉杂 质, 并进一步经 5000〜20000r/niin高速离心机离心去除水分, 得 到澄清、 透亮的淡黄色油状物, 出油率 10〜25%。
将本发明的全灵芝孢子油与常规机械破壁孢子萃取的灵芝孢子 油进行抑制肿瘤细胞生长效果比较和过氧化值比较。样品: (1 )全灵 芝孢子油: 按上述方法制备; (2)常规机械破壁孢子萃取的灵芝孢子 油: 灵芝孢子用研磨混炼机粉碎 30〜40分钟, 制粒、 萃取、 精制过 程与全灵芝孢子油相同。
1. 全灵芝孢子油与常规^ ^械破壁孢子萃取的灵芝孢子油抑制肿 瘤细胞生长效果比较:
样品处理:全灵芝孢子油及从机械破壁孢子萃取的孢子油分别用 甘油溶液乳化至浓度为 8uL/mL。 人恶性乳腺癌细胞株(MT-1 )由加拿 大多伦多大学杨柏华教授实验室提供。肿瘤细胞培养液: 在 DMEM培养 基中加入 10%已灭活的胎牛血清 FBS, 以及 lOOIU/mL青霉素和 100 IU/mL链霉素。
实验方法: (1 )选用 12孔细胞培养板, MT- 1细胞用上述肿瘤细胞 培养液制成悬液,肿瘤细胞浓度为 1. O X lO'Vm 接种量 lmL,于 37 5% C02浓度培养箱培养 5h。 (2) 将全灵芝孢子油样品溶液加入 MT-1培养 板的量为 0、 40、 80、 120、 160 uL, 接着 37"C 5% 浓度培养箱培养 2天。 将普通灵芝孢子油样品溶液加入 MT-1培养板的量为 0、 40、 80、 120、 160、 200 > 240、 280uL, 接着 37"C 5% C(浓度培养箱培养 2天。 (3) 从 C02培养箱取出培养板, 吸去培养液, 用 Diff-Quik
Differential Stainning Set 试剂染色, 在 200倍显微镜下观察活的 贴壁肿瘤细胞数量, 并进行细胞计数和显微拍照。
实验结果: 见图 1及图 2, 随着灵芝孢子油实验浓度的升高, 肿 瘤细胞的生长受抑制, 存活肿瘤细胞数量逐渐减少。全灵芝孢子油在
160uL实验量时的抑制肿瘤细胞生长效果与机械破壁孢子萃取的灵芝 孢子油在 280uL实验量时的效果相当, 可见, 本发明的全灵芝孢子油 抑制肿瘤细胞生长效果明显高于常规灵芝孢子油。
2、 过氧化值比较:
过氧化值按 GB/T5009. 37规定的方法测定。本发明的全灵芝孢子 油过氧化值在 0. 08〜0. 10 (g/100g), 而常规灵芝孢子油过氧化值在 0. 13 (g/100g) 以上。 全灵芝孢子油过氧化值明显低于常规机械破壁 孢子萃取的灵芝孢子油, 显示:本发明的全灵芝孢子油具有更强抗氧 化能力。
本发明的全灵芝孢子油还具有增强免疫、护肝作用,可作为保健、 药用、高档化妆品的原料。下面通过药效实验证明本发明所提供的全 灵芝孢子油的用途。
样品: 以上述工艺获得的全灵芝孢子油, 在符合 GMP条件下制备 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊。 为了检测全灵芝孢子油的功效, 以成人体重 60kg计, 推荐量为 0. 033 g/kg BW。
组别与剂量: 设玉米油对照组和低、 中、 高三个剂量组, 剂量如 下: 低剂量组 0. 17g/kg BW, 相当于推荐日服量的 5倍; 中剂量组
0. 33g/kg BW, 相当于推荐日服量的 10倍; 高剂量组 1. 0g/kg BW, 相 当于推荐日服量的 30倍。
动物: SPF级昆明种雌性小白鼠, 6〜8周龄 (体重 18〜22g) 给药途径: 每天按 0. lml/lOg BW量灌胃动物给予受试物。
实验结果:
1. 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠的迟发型***反应的影响(见表 1 ) 表 1 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠的迟发型***反应的影响 剂量 动物数 足跖增厚 P值 组别
g/kg BW (只) (mm) 与对照组比) 对照组 0.00 12 0.28土 0.14 低剂量组 0.17 12 0.35±0.13 >0.05 中剂量组 0.33 12 0.35±0.24 >0.05 高剂量组 1.00 12 0.54±0.16 <0.01
F值 5.116 (P<0.01 )
2. 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对 ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化反应 (见表 2) 表 2 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对 ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化反应
Figure imgf000008_0001
3. 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠 NK细胞活性的影响 (见表 3) 表 3 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对小鼠 NK细胞活性的影响
P值 剂量 NK细胞活性 NK细胞活性转换 组别 (与对照组 g/kg BW (%) 值
比) 对照组 0.00 8.03±0.93 0.29±0.02 低剂量
0.17 8.39±1.09 0.29±0.02 >0.05 组 中剂量
0.33 9.38±1.09 0.31±0.02 < 0.05 组 高齐 u量
1.00 9.76±1.75 0.32 ±0.03 <0.01 组
4.485 (P<0.05
F值
)
4. 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对受试动物血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及谷草转 氨酶 (AST) 的影响 (见表 4、 5)
表 4 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对血清谷丙转氨酶水平的影响
P值 剂量 动物数
组别 光密度差值 (与对照组 g/kg BW (只)
比) 空白对照组 0.00 12 25.17±3.27 3.22±0.13
7373.17士 8.72±0.68Δ
CC14对照组 0.00 12
4133.55 Δ
1320.92士
低剂量组 0.17 12 6.97 ±0, 70**
938.66
1517.58 +
中剂量组 0.33 12 7.16 ±0.58**
983.07 高剂量组 1.00 12 1647.17士 7.31 ±0.41** 891.93 注: 1. 空白对照组和 0:14对照组血清谷丙转氨酶水平经对数转换后, 采用 T检验, t值 =-27.750, P<0.01。
2. 各剂量组与 CCL对照组血清谷丙转氨酶水平经对数转换后, 采用方差分析, F值 =21.126, P<0.01。
3. Δ△表示 ((:14对照组与空白对照比较 P <0.01; * *表示各剂 量组与 CC14对照组比较 P < 0.01。 表 5 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对血清谷草转氨酶水平的影响
Figure imgf000010_0001
注: 1. 空白对照组和 014对照组血清谷草转氨酶水平经对数转换后, 采用 T检验, t值 =-15.561, P<0.01。
2. 各剂量组与 CCI i照组血清谷草转氨酶水平经对数转换后, 采用方差分析, F值 =19.876, P<0.01。 3. Δ Δ表示 CCL对照组与空白对照比较?<0.01; **表示各剂量 组与 CCL>对照组比较 P < 0.01。
5.全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对受试动物肝脏病变类型评分的影响(见表 6) 表 6 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊对受试动物肝脏病变类型评分的影响
Figure imgf000011_0001
注: 1. 肝脏气球样变、 脂肪变性、 水样变性及细胞坏死得分为等级 资料, 采用秩和检验。
2. Δ Δ表示 对照组与空白对照比较 P<0.01; *表示各剂量 组与 CC14对照组比较 P < 0.05, **表示各剂量组与 CCL对照组比较 P < 0.01。
6. 结论
小鼠经口每日分别给予全灵芝孢子油软胶囊 0.17、 0.33、 1.00 g/kg BW, 相当于推荐日服量的 5、 10、 30倍, 共 4周, 结果显示: ( 1 ) 绵羊红细胞诱导的小鼠迟发性***反应试验和 ConA诱导的 小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化增殖试验阳性,该样品具有增强细胞免 疫功能作用;
( 2 ) 受试验动物 NK细胞活性试验阳性,该样品具有增强 NK细胞活 性作用;
(3 ) 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊各剂量组血清谷丙转氨酶 (ALT ) 、 谷 草转氨酶 (AST) 水平与 对照组比较降低, 差异有显著 性意义, ALT与 AST结果阳性。
(4 ) 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊各剂量组肝脏病理组织学变化与 CCL 对照组比较减轻,差异有显著性意义, 实验动物肝脏病理结 果阳性。
依据***《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》 2003版的判定标准 判断, 全灵芝孢子油软胶囊具有增强免疫力功能, 对化学性肝损伤具 有辅助保护作用。
灵芝的生长经历了灵芝孢子、灵芝菌丝体及灵芝子实体三个发育 阶段,这三个发育阶段所含成分及含量各不相同,具备先天的合理性。 本发明制得的全灵芝孢子油, 以灵芝孢子、灵芝粉为原料经生物酶法 破壁处理后, 经超临界 C02萃取技术制得。 酶法破壁是通过利用灵芝 菌丝生长过程中分泌的多种活性酶酶解灵芝孢子壁, 过程温和,对孢 内有效成分损失小, 不易氧化变质, 而且还增加了灵芝子实体及灵芝 菌丝体成分, 因此, 本发明的全灵芝孢子油与常规机械破壁孢子萃取 的灵芝孢子油相比,除了含有灵芝孢子萃取物,还增加了灵芝子实体、 灵芝菌丝体的超临界 CO萃取物, 其有效成分三萜类化合物的种类更 加齐全, 强化了灵芝的功能。 因此, 本发明的全灵芝孢子油具有明显 增强免疫力功能、对肝损伤具有辅助保护作用、抑制肿瘤细胞生长等 多种生理功能; 而且其抑制肿瘤细胞生长效果提高一倍, 并且明显降 低过氧化值, 解决灵芝孢子油容易氧化的问题。 附图说明:
图 1 :本发明的全灵芝孢子油对人恶性乳腺癌细胞 MT-1的生长抑 制作用。随着全灵芝孢子油实验浓度的升高,肿瘤细胞的生长受抑制, 存活肿瘤细胞数量逐渐减少,在 160uL实验量时只有极少肿瘤细胞数 存活。
图 2: 机械破壁孢子萃取的灵芝孢子油对人恶性乳腺癌细胞 MT-1 的生长抑制作用。随着灵芝孢子油实验浓度的升高, 肿瘤细胞的生长 受抑制, 存活肿瘤细胞数量逐渐减少,在 280uL实验量时只有极少肿 瘤细胞数存活。 具体实施方式:
实施例 1: 全灵芝孢子油的制备方法 1
( 1 ) 酶法破壁。 取 50%灵芝孢子、 30%灵芝粉、 10%小米、 10%高梁混 合(小米、 高梁预先浸泡过夜、 洗净) , 加入 1. 2倍纯水, 混合 均匀, 用 HC1调节 pH至 5. 5后置高压消毒锅0. 15MP压力消毒 2小 时。 待冷却后在无菌室操作, 接入赤灵芝菌种, 在 30Ό条件下 培养。 待灵芝菌丝长满培养料后 20天, 取出培养产物, 烘干、 球磨机粉碎 10分钟。
(2) 制粒。 以纯水作为润湿剂, 用一步制粒机将酶法破壁后灵芝孢 子制粒, 控制干燥温度 40°C, 干燥时间 2. 5 h, 获得水分小于 5% 20目颗粒。
(3) 超临界 C02萃取。将制粒后的灵芝孢子放入超临界 C02萃取装置的 萃取釜中, 使其与超临界流体充分接触、 溶解、 萃取、 分离, 其工艺条件设定如下:萃取压力为 20MPa、萃取温度为 45° ( 、 C02 流体流量为 60 L/h、 萃取时间 6 h; 一级分离压力为 10MPa、 分 离温度为 25°C ; 二级分离压力为 8MPa、 分离温度为 30'C。
(4) 精制。 收集萃取物, 滤纸过滤, 除去混入萃取物中的少量孢子 粉杂质, 并进一步经 5000r/min高速离心机离心, 得到澄清、透 亮的淡黄色油状物。 实施例 2: 全灵芝孢子油的制备方法 2
( 1 ) 酶法破壁过程。 按重量比将 70%灵芝孢子、 20%灵芝粉、 5%小米 (预选浸泡过夜、 洗净) 、 2% CaC03、 2. 5%蔗糖、 0. 5%的复合 维生素 Β混合, 加入 1. 2倍纯水, 混合均匀, 用HCl调节pH至5. 5 后置高压消毒锅 0. 15MP压力消毒 2小时。 待冷却后在无菌室操 作, 接入赤灵芝菌种, 在 25°C条件下培养。 待灵芝菌丝长满培 养料后 40天, 取出培养产物, 烘干、 研磨混炼机粉碎 10分钟, 显微镜下血球计数板计数, 破壁率 95%以上。
(2) 制粒。 以纯水作为润湿剂, 用湿法制粒机将酶法破壁后灵芝孢 子制粒, 控制干燥温度 30°C, 干燥时间 3. 5 h, 获得水分小于 5% 60目颗粒。
(3) 超临界 C02萃取。将制粒后的灵芝孢子放入超临界 C02萃取装置的 萃取釜中, 使其与超临界流体充分接触、 溶解、 萃取、 分离, 其工艺条件设定如下:萃取压力为 25MPa、萃取温度为 45°C、 C02 流体流量为 80 L/h、 萃取时间 3 h; —级分离压力为 8MPa、 分离 温度为 30°C ; 二级分离压力为 5MPa、 分离温度为 40°C。
(4) 精制。 收集萃取物, 真空抽滤, 除去混入萃取物中的少量孢子 粉杂质, 并进一步经 lOOOOr/min高速离心机离心, 得到澄清、 透亮的淡黄色油状物。 实施例 3: 全灵芝孢子油的制备方法 3
( 1 ) 灵芝孢子酶法破壁。取 90%灵芝孢子、 10%灵芝粉混合, 加入 1. 2 倍纯水, 混合均匀, 置高压消毒锅 0. 15MP压力消毒 2小时。待冷 却后在无菌室操作, 接入灵芝颗料菌种, 在 20°C条件下培养。 待灵芝菌丝长满培养料后, 取出培养产物, 烘干、 球磨机粉碎 20分钟。
(2) 制粒。 以纯水作为润湿剂, 用湿法制粒机将酶法破壁后灵芝孢 子制粒, 干燥温度 45°C, 干燥时间 2h, 获得水分小于 5% 20目颗 粒。
(3) 超临界 C02萃取。将制粒后的灵芝孢子放入超临界 C02萃取装置的 萃取釜中, 使其与超临界流体充分接触、 溶解、 萃取、 分离, 其工艺条件设定如下:萃取压力为 40MPa、萃取温度为 50°C、 CO, 流体流量为 150L/h、 萃取时间 2 h, 加入乙酸乙酯作为夹带剂, 加入量为投量料的 20%; —级分离压力为 8MPa、 分离温度为 45 °C ; 二级分离压力为 8MPa、 分离温度为 40°C。
(4) 精制。 收集萃取物, 真空抽滤, 除去混入萃取物中的少量孢子 粉杂质, 并进一步经 20000r/min高速离心机离心, 得到澄清、 透亮的淡黄色油状物。 实施例 4: 全灵芝孢子油的制备方法 4
( 1 ) 酶法破壁过程。 取 100%灵芝孢子加入 1. 15倍纯水, 混合均匀, 用 HC1调节 pH至 6. 0,置高压消毒锅 0. 15MP压力消毒 2小时。待冷 却后在无菌室操作,接入赤灵芝液体菌种,在 28°C条件下培养。 待灵芝菌丝长满培养料后 60天, 取出培养产物, 烘干、 粉碎。
(2) 制粒。 以纯水作为润湿剂, 用湿法制粒机将酶法破壁后灵芝孢 子制粒, 控制干燥温度 35°C, 干燥时间 3 h, 获得水分小于 5% 40 目颗粒。
(3) 超临界 C02萃取。将制粒后的灵芝孢子放入超临界 C02萃取装置的 萃取釜中, 使其与超临界流体充分接触、 溶解、 萃取、 分离, 其工艺条件设定如下:萃取压力为 28MPa、萃取温度为 40°C、 C02 流体流量为 90 L/h、 萃取时间 4 h; —级分离压力为 9MPa、 分离 温度为 35°C ; 二级分离压力为 7MPa、 分离温度为 45Ό。
(4) 精制。 收集萃取物, 滤纸过滤, 除去混入萃取物中的少量孢子 粉杂质, 并进一步经 8000r/min高速离心机离心, 得到澄清、透 亮的淡黄色油状物。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种全灵芝孢子油的制备方法, 其特征在于: 按重量百分比 以 50〜100%灵芝孢子粉、 0〜50%灵芝粉为原料, 经酶法破壁、 以水 为溶剂湿法制粒, 超临界 C02萃取、离心精制后, 得到淡黄色油状物。
2、 权利要求 1所述的全灵芝孢子油的制备方法, 其特征在于: 原 料中还加入 0〜10%小米、 0〜10%高梁、 0〜5%CaC03、 0〜5%蔗糖、 0〜 1%维生素 B,。
3、权利要求 1或 2所述的全灵芝孢子油的制备方法, 其特征在于: 在灵芝孢子粉、灵芝粉等原料中加入 1. 0〜1. 5倍水, 混合均匀, 置高 压消毒锅消毒灭菌,待冷却后在无菌室操作,接入灵芝菌种,在 15-35 °C条件下培养, 待灵芝菌丝长满培养料后 0-60天, 取出培养产物, 烘 干、 粉碎。
4、 权利要求 3所述的全灵芝孢子油的制备方法, 其特征在于: 粉 碎设备可采用球磨机、研磨混炼机、碾压机、 高速气流机等超微粉碎 设备。
5、权利要求 1所述的全灵芝孢子油的制备方法, 其特征在于: 制 粒时采用一步制粒法, 以纯水作为润湿剂, 用湿法制粒机将酶法破壁 后灵芝孢子制粒, 控制干燥温度在 30〜50'C, 干燥时间 2〜4 h, 获得 水分小于 5%颗粒。
6、权利要求 1所述的全灵芝孢子油的制备方法, 其特征在于: 超 临界 C02萃取压力为 20〜40MPa、萃取温度为 20〜50° ( 、 C02流体流量为 60〜150 L/h、 萃取时间 0. 5〜6 h; —级分离压力为 8〜; L0MPa、 分离 温度为 25〜45°C ; 二级分离压力为 5〜8MPa、 分离温度为 30〜50° ( 。
7、权利要求 1所述的全灵芝孢子油的制备方法, 其特征在于: 超 临界 C02萃取过程中加入无水乙醇、 乙酸乙酯等夹带剂, 加入量为投 料量的 5〜: 100%。
PCT/CN2007/001687 2006-05-24 2007-05-24 Procédé de préparation d'huile de spores de ganoderma WO2007134548A1 (fr)

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CN114053173A (zh) * 2021-11-23 2022-02-18 中华全国供销合作总社昆明食用菌研究所 一种灵芝孢子油婴幼儿成人皮肤膏配方及其制备工艺
CN114672370A (zh) * 2022-03-15 2022-06-28 苏凤全 一种灵芝孢子油的制备方法及包含灵芝孢子油的护肤品

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