WO2005015315A2 - Mikrolithographische projektionsbelichtungsanlage sowie verfahren zum einbringen einer immersionsflüssigkeit in einem immersionsraum - Google Patents
Mikrolithographische projektionsbelichtungsanlage sowie verfahren zum einbringen einer immersionsflüssigkeit in einem immersionsraum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005015315A2 WO2005015315A2 PCT/EP2004/007456 EP2004007456W WO2005015315A2 WO 2005015315 A2 WO2005015315 A2 WO 2005015315A2 EP 2004007456 W EP2004007456 W EP 2004007456W WO 2005015315 A2 WO2005015315 A2 WO 2005015315A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- immersion
- exposure system
- projection exposure
- projection
- immersion liquid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70341—Details of immersion lithography aspects, e.g. exposure media or control of immersion liquid supply
Definitions
- the invention relates to a projection exposure system for microlithography with an illumination device for generating projection light, a projection objective with several optical elements, with which a reticle which can be arranged in an object plane of the projection objective is placed on a light-sensitive surface which can be arranged in an image plane of the projection objective and which is applied to a support is reproducible, and with an immersion device for introducing an immersion liquid into an immersion space between an optical element of the projection objective that is last on the image side and the light-sensitive surface.
- the invention further relates to a method for introducing an immersion liquid into such an immersion space.
- a projection exposure system and a method of this type are known from EP 0 023 243 AI.
- This known projection exposure system has an open-topped container for receiving a semiconductor wafer to be exposed, the upper edge of which is higher than the lower boundary surface of the last lens of the projection objective on the image side.
- Inlets and outlets for an immersion liquid which are connected to a pump, a temperature control device and a filter for cleaning the immersion liquid, open into the container.
- the immersion liquid circulated in a liquid circuit, a space remaining filled between the lower boundary surface of the last lens on the image side of the projection objective and the semiconductor wafer to be exposed.
- the higher refractive index of the immersion liquid which in this known projection exposure system preferably corresponds to the refractive index of the light-sensitive layer applied to the semiconductor wafer, is intended to increase the resolving power of the projection objective.
- a projection exposure system with an immersion device is also known from WO 99/49504.
- the inlets and outlets for the immersion liquid open directly at the lower interface of the last lens of the projection lens on the image side.
- the use of several such inlets and outlets, which can be arranged, for example, in a ring around the last lens on the image side makes it possible to dispense with a surrounding container, since immersion liquid which flows off to the side is suctioned off and fed back in such a way that the immersion space between the image side last lens and the light-sensitive surface remains filled with immersion liquid.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a projection lens of the type mentioned at the outset, with which a higher imaging quality can be achieved.
- the immersion device comprises means by which the occurrence of gas bubbles in the immersion liquid can be prevented and / or gas bubbles which have already occurred can be removed.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that one of the causes of aberrations is bubbles in the immersion liquid.
- the immersion liquids used e.g. B. water or certain oils, namely contain basically dissolved gases, which change to pressure and / or temperature changes in the gas phase and thus lead to the formation of bubbles.
- Such pressure changes occur, for example, if the immersion space between the last optical element on the image side and the light-sensitive surface is filled with the immersion liquid before the projection begins. Filling the immersion space with immersion liquid is also always necessary when a support with an already exposed photosensitive layer is exchanged for a support whose photosensitive layer is still unexposed.
- measuring heads for projection lenses which are inserted into the image plane instead of the carrier in order to determine the imaging quality of the projection lens.
- the sensor head is moved under the projection lens within the image plane, which can also cause bubbles to form.
- the immersion device according to the invention can comprise, for example, a suction device for suctioning gas bubbles, which has a suction nozzle opening into the immersion space.
- This suction nozzle which can be provided in addition to a suction nozzle that may be required to circulate the immersion liquid, preferably sucks in immersion liquid with bubbles contained in the immediate vicinity of the last optical element on the image side, so that these cannot adversely affect the imaging quality.
- the immersion device encloses the immersion space. has at least partially delimiting side wall, which is designed such that at least a lateral flow of the immersion liquid transverse to the scanning direction is largely prevented. In this way, inhomogeneities in the immersion liquid perpendicular to the scanning direction are reduced. Inhomogeneities parallel to the scanning direction, however, are less critical when scanning, since averaging occurs in this direction through the scanning.
- the side wall completely, in particular in a ring, surrounds the last optical element on the image side. In this way, any undesired outflow of immersion liquid is prevented.
- Another possibility of removing bubbles formed in the immersion liquid is to couple an ultrasound source to the side wall, by means of which the side wall can be set in vibration. Since the bubbles dissolve on their own, but the time required for this is relatively long, the immersion liquid can be excited to vibrate by applying an ultrasound field acting on the side wall, as a result of which the dissolution of the bubbles can be considerably accelerated. Because of the ultrasound field, the bubbles are set into high-frequency vibrations and deformed, which speeds up the dissolution process.
- the immersion device has circulating means for circulating the immersion liquid into the immersion space, which has a circulating pump, a filler neck opening into the immersion space and one into the Include immersion outlet opening.
- the immersion liquid can be continuously cleaned, tempered and degassed in the circulating mode if a degasser is additionally provided for removing gas bubbles from the immersion liquid.
- a degasser suitable for this purpose can have, for example, an inclined, preferably truncated cone-shaped drain surface to which immersion liquid can be applied from above and over which a negative pressure can be built up. This negative pressure causes gases which are dissolved in the liquid film distributed over the drain surface to pass into the gas phase and exit from the film.
- the carrier can be displaced in a scanning direction of the projection exposure system, it is further preferred if the carrier is arranged in relation to the projection objective such that the extent of the immersion space perpendicular to the image plane decreases along the scanning direction. Since in general both the light-sensitive surface and the image-side interface of the last optical element on the image side are flat, this arrangement creates an essentially wedge-shaped immersion space which tapers towards the scanning direction. This wedge-shaped immersion space produces a suction effect when the carrier is scanned, so that the circulation of the immersion liquid in the immersion space requires only a low pumping capacity of the circulation pump.
- the wedge-shaped geometry of the immersion space also has that Advantage that overall a more uniform fluid flow is created in the immersion space.
- the intake port of the circulating means is arranged in the scanning direction before the filler neck of the circulating means, since in this way the intake of the immersion liquid is supported by the scanning movement.
- the circulating means are integrated in the projection objective, preferably in a version of the last optical element on the image side. It is even possible to integrate the circulating means into the optical element itself. These measures help to keep the immersion space as smooth and edgeless as possible and in this way to avoid swirling of the immersion liquid, which can lead to the formation of bubbles.
- Another way that even the occurrence of bubbles can be largely avoided is to record the light-sensitive surface in a sealed cassette that is completely filled with immersion liquid, in the object-side wall of which the last optical element of the projection lens on the image side in a direction parallel to the image plane is slidably received.
- the immersion liquid can be hermetically separated from the surroundings, so that the remaining parts of the projection exposure system cannot be contaminated by the immersion liquid.
- Such a cassette can also be used in a vacuum. Since the introduction of the carrier into the cassette and its filling with the immersion liquid can be carried out outside the beam path of the projection exposure system, these measures can be carried out without time pressure, so that the entry of gas bubbles can be reliably prevented with the aid of suitable measures. The cleaning of the cassettes and the removal of used immersion liquid can also be carried out away from the beam path and thus without time pressure.
- the cassette can be connected to a reservoir through which immersion liquid can be added or dispensed to the superfluous immersion liquid.
- the object-side wall of the cassette is preferably designed such that the volume in the cassette filled with the immersion liquid does not change when the last optical element on the image side is displaced. In this way, the immersion liquid never comes into contact with the environment and in particular with gases during operation, as would be the case with an additional reservoir.
- Such a wall can be realized, for example, by a bellows or an arrangement of plate-shaped partial elements which can be pushed over or into one another in the direction of displacement of the last optical element on the image side. It is also particularly preferred if a rinsing liquid different from the immersion liquid can be introduced into the immersion space with the immersion device. With the help of the rinsing liquid, residues of used and contaminated immersion liquid can be removed from the immersion room.
- the support with the photosensitive surface can be exchanged for a cleaning plate which can be set in motion within a plane parallel to the image plane.
- the way in which the immersion liquid is introduced into the immersion space for the first time also influences the formation of bubbles.
- the invention therefore also relates to a method for introducing an immersion liquid into an immersion space, which is formed between an image-side last optical element of a projection objective of a projection exposure system for microlithography and a light-sensitive surface to be exposed, which is applied to a carrier.
- FIG. 1 shows a meridional section through a projection exposure system according to the invention in a greatly simplified, not to scale, schematic representation
- Figure 2 shows an immersion device according to another embodiment with a degasser
- Figure 3 shows the degasser indicated in Figure 2 in a sectional view
- FIG. 4 shows a section of an immersion device according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a cassette with a carrier accommodated therein and a displaceably accommodated last lens on the image side.
- FIG. 1 shows a meridional section through a microlithographic projection exposure system, designated overall by 10, in a highly simplified schematic illustration.
- the projection exposure system 10 has an illumination device 12 for generating projection light 13, which u. a. comprises a light source 14, an illumination optics indicated by 16 and an aperture 18.
- the projection light has a wavelength of 157 nm.
- the projection exposure system 10 also includes a projection lens 20 which contains a large number of lenses, of which only a few are shown by way of example in FIG. Because of the short wavelength of the projection light 13, the lenses L1 to L5 are made of calcium fluoride crystals, which are still sufficiently transparent even at these wavelengths.
- the projection objective 20 serves to image a reticle 24 arranged in an object plane 22 of the projection objective 20 on a light-sensitive surface 26, which is arranged in an image plane 28 of the projection objective 20 and is applied to a carrier 30.
- the carrier 30 is fastened to the bottom of a trough-like container 32 which is open at the top and which is parallel in a manner not shown with the aid of a displacement device is movable to the image plane 28.
- the container 32 is filled with an immersion liquid 34 to such an extent that the projection objective 20 dips into the immersion liquid 34 with its last lens L5 on the image side during the operation of the projection exposure system 10.
- this lens L5 is a high-aperture and comparatively thick lens, but the term “lens” is also intended to encompass a plane-parallel plate.
- the container 32 Via a supply line 36 and a discharge line 38, the container 32 is connected to a processing unit 40, in which a circulation pump, a filter for cleaning immersion liquid 34 and a temperature control device are contained in a manner known per se and therefore not shown in detail.
- the processing unit 40, the feed line 36, the discharge line 38 and the container 32 together form an immersion device, designated 42, in which the immersion liquid 34 circulates and is cleaned and kept at a constant temperature.
- the immersion facility . 42 serves in a manner known per se to increase the resolution of the projection objective 20.
- the preparation unit 40 also contains a degasser, indicated by 44, the construction of which is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 3.
- the degasser 44 extracts dissolved gaseous constituents from the circulating immersion liquid 34, which go into the gas phase in the container 32 and can thus lead to the formation of bubbles.
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of an immersion device in an enlarged section of the image-side end of the projection objective, parts that correspond to one another in FIGS. 1 and 2 being provided with the same reference numbers. In this enlarged representation, it is particularly easy to see that - as in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
- the last lens L5 on the image side is held in a mount such that the flat image-side interface of the lens L5 is formed in the mount without any projections or gaps 46 passes. In this way, the likelihood is reduced that turbulence can occur in this transition region and, as a result, bubbles 48 can occur.
- the volume lying in the beam path of the projection objective 20 between the lens L5 and the light-sensitive surface 26 is filled with immersion liquid 34 and is therefore referred to below as the immersion space 50.
- the immersion space 50 is sealed laterally by an upwardly open ring 52 and to the light-sensitive surface 26 by a sealing element 54.
- the sealing element 54 can be dispensed with if the pressure of the surrounding gas is so great that the immersion liquid 34 is prevented from escaping.
- the ring 52 contains a first bore 56 connected to the feed line 36, the end of which opens into the immersion space 50 and forms a filler neck 58.
- the ring 52 also contains a second bore 60 connected to the discharge line 38, the end of which opens into the immersion space and forms a suction connection 62.
- the feed line 36 and the discharge line 38 are with a Circulation pump 64 connected, with which the immersion liquid 34 can be circulated in a closed circuit.
- a degasifier 44 is arranged in the feed line 36 upstream of the circulation pump 64, which builds up a large negative pressure over a thin liquid film and in this way removes gases dissolved in the immersion liquid 34 and thereby strongly undersaturated. As a result of this undersaturation, gases dissolved in the immersion liquid 34 remain in solution for the most part even when pressure or temperature fluctuations occur.
- an ultrasound source 66 is additionally provided, which, as indicated by a double arrow in FIG. 2, can act on the ring 52.
- the bubbles 48 are thereby caused to move at high frequencies and deformed thereby, whereby the bubbles 48 dissolve quickly.
- FIG. 3 shows the degasser 44 schematically in a cross section. Via the discharge line 60, immersion liquid 34 is pumped into an annular distributor line 70 in the direction indicated by arrows by means of a pump 68.
- the immersion liquid 34 runs as a thin film 72, which is preferably arranged at an incline and is conical in the exemplary embodiment shown. butt-shaped drain surface 74 down and finally collects in an outlet line 76 which is connected to the supply line 36 via the pump 64.
- the space 78 remaining above the drainage surface 74 is connected to a vacuum pump 82 via a suction line 80 and can be evacuated in this way.
- the resulting negative pressure in the space 78 has the effect that the immersion liquid 34 is extracted from gases dissolved therein.
- FIG. 4 shows part of an immersion device according to another exemplary embodiment, in which the immersion space 50 is only on the side, ie. H. is bordered parallel to the paper plane, but not transversely to a scanning direction indicated by an arrow 84 with side walls.
- the scanning direction 84 is the direction in which the carrier 30 moves under the lens L5 during the scanning operation. This relative movement between the carrier 30 and the lens L5 creates a transport effect by means of which immersion liquid 34 'emerging from a filler neck 58' opening into the immersion chamber 50 is conveyed to a suction nozzle 62 'which likewise projects into the immersion chamber 50. This transport movement prevents immersion liquid 34 from escaping from the immersion space 50 counter to the scanning direction 84.
- the transport effect can be further enhanced if the distance between the lens L5 and the light-sensitive surface 26, indicated by d in FIG. 4, decreases continuously in the scanning direction.
- the immersion space 50 then has a wedge-shaped shape, which enhances the transport effect and to a particularly uniform filling of the immersion space 50 with immersion liquid 34.
- the carrier 30 with the light-sensitive surface 26 applied thereon can be slightly tilted.
- the projection lens 20 can, for. B. contain a wedge-shaped correction element.
- a suction port 86 which has the task of immediately sucking off gas bubbles which arise in the outlet area of the filler neck 58' before they reach the image-side interface of the lens L5 and can cause imaging errors there.
- FIG. 5 shows a further way with which it is possible to prevent the formation of bubbles in the immersion liquid 34.
- the carrier 30 with the light-sensitive surface 26 applied thereon is completely accommodated in a completely closed cassette 90, the entire remaining volume of which is filled by the immersion liquid 34.
- a lens L5 'on the image side is inserted into the wall on the object side, which is designed as bellows 92, in such a way that the lens L5' can be moved in the scanning direction indicated by an arrow 84 'without the volume inside the cassette being displaced 90 changed. In this way it is ensured that the immersion liquid 34 in the cassette 90 cannot come into contact with a gas at any time.
- a separate apparatus is preferably provided in order to introduce the carrier 30 with the light-sensitive surface 26 into the cassette 90 and to fill up the remaining volume with the immersion liquid 34.
- This apparatus can comprise a vacuum pump which can be used to ensure that the immersion liquid largely freed of dissolved gases in a degasser can be filled into the cassette 90 without coming into contact with a gas. In this way, even if the immersion liquid 34 in the cassette 90 is set in motion when the lens L5 'is displaced during the scanning process, practically no gases can pass into the gas phase and thus cause bubbles.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006520714A JP2006528835A (ja) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-08 | マイクロリソグラフィ投影露光装置および浸漬液体を浸漬空間へ導入する方法 |
US10/565,612 US20070132969A1 (en) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-08 | Microlithographic projection exposure apparatus and method for introducing an immersion liquid into an immersion space |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10333644 | 2003-07-24 | ||
DE10333644.3 | 2003-07-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005015315A2 true WO2005015315A2 (de) | 2005-02-17 |
WO2005015315A3 WO2005015315A3 (de) | 2005-09-09 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/EP2004/007456 WO2005015315A2 (de) | 2003-07-24 | 2004-07-08 | Mikrolithographische projektionsbelichtungsanlage sowie verfahren zum einbringen einer immersionsflüssigkeit in einem immersionsraum |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20070132969A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006528835A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005015315A2 (de) |
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EP1531362A2 (de) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-05-18 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Halbleitern und Methode zur Bildung von Mustern |
EP1528433A3 (de) * | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-18 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Lithographischer Apparat |
EP1522894A3 (de) * | 2003-10-06 | 2006-06-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Halbleiterherstellungsgerät und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Musters unter Verwendung desselben |
NL1030447C2 (nl) * | 2005-11-16 | 2007-05-21 | Taiwan Semiconductor Mfg | Inrichting en werkwijze voor megasonische immersielithografie belichting. |
EP1647866B1 (de) * | 2004-10-18 | 2008-02-20 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Lithographischer Apparat und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Vorrichtung |
JPWO2005104195A1 (ja) * | 2004-04-19 | 2008-03-13 | 株式会社ニコン | 露光装置及びデバイス製造方法 |
EP1756672B1 (de) * | 2004-06-16 | 2010-04-14 | ASML Netherlands B.V. | Unterdrucksystem für die immersionsfotolithographie |
US7773195B2 (en) | 2005-11-29 | 2010-08-10 | Asml Holding N.V. | System and method to increase surface tension and contact angle in immersion lithography |
US7898643B2 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2011-03-01 | Asml Holding N.V. | Immersion photolithography system and method using inverted wafer-projection optics interface |
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JP2011254092A (ja) * | 2003-08-29 | 2011-12-15 | Asml Netherlands Bv | リソグラフィ投影装置およびリソグラフィ投影方法 |
DE112006001768B4 (de) * | 2005-07-01 | 2012-02-16 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Verwendung eines superkritischen Fluids zum Trocknen der Schreiben und zum Reinigen der Linsen in einer Immersionslithographie |
US8203693B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2012-06-19 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Liquid immersion lithography system comprising a tilted showerhead relative to a substrate |
JP2012134512A (ja) * | 2004-06-21 | 2012-07-12 | Nikon Corp | 露光装置、及びその部材の洗浄方法、露光装置のメンテナンス方法、メンテナンス機器、並びにデバイス製造方法 |
DE102006027846B4 (de) * | 2005-09-13 | 2014-11-20 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Vorrichtung für die Immersionslithographie |
US9952515B2 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2018-04-24 | Asml Netherlands B.V. | Lithographic apparatus and device manufacturing method |
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JP6456238B2 (ja) | 2015-05-14 | 2019-01-23 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
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- 2004-07-08 US US10/565,612 patent/US20070132969A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (34)
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Also Published As
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WO2005015315A3 (de) | 2005-09-09 |
JP2006528835A (ja) | 2006-12-21 |
US20070132969A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
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