WO2000054339A1 - Transistors a couches minces, flan, et procedes de production de ceux-ci - Google Patents
Transistors a couches minces, flan, et procedes de production de ceux-ci Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000054339A1 WO2000054339A1 PCT/JP2000/001441 JP0001441W WO0054339A1 WO 2000054339 A1 WO2000054339 A1 WO 2000054339A1 JP 0001441 W JP0001441 W JP 0001441W WO 0054339 A1 WO0054339 A1 WO 0054339A1
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Classifications
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
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- H01L29/66477—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an insulated gate, i.e. MISFET
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- H01L29/66757—Lateral single gate single channel transistors with non-inverted structure, i.e. the channel layer is formed before the gate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L29/40—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/41—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions
- H01L29/423—Electrodes ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by their shape, relative sizes or dispositions not carrying the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/42312—Gate electrodes for field effect devices
- H01L29/42316—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors
- H01L29/4232—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate
- H01L29/42384—Gate electrodes for field effect devices for field-effect transistors with insulated gate for thin film field effect transistors, e.g. characterised by the thickness or the shape of the insulator or the dimensions, the shape or the lay-out of the conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L29/66227—Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
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- H01L29/66765—Lateral single gate single channel transistors with inverted structure, i.e. the channel layer is formed after the gate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78606—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device
- H01L29/78618—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure
- H01L29/78621—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure with LDD structure or an extension or an offset region or characterised by the doping profile
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78606—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device
- H01L29/78618—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure
- H01L29/78621—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure with LDD structure or an extension or an offset region or characterised by the doping profile
- H01L29/78624—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure with LDD structure or an extension or an offset region or characterised by the doping profile the source and the drain regions being asymmetrical
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78606—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device
- H01L29/78618—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure
- H01L29/78621—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure with LDD structure or an extension or an offset region or characterised by the doping profile
- H01L29/78627—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure with LDD structure or an extension or an offset region or characterised by the doping profile with a significant overlap between the lightly doped drain and the gate electrode, e.g. GOLDD
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thin film transistor, and more particularly to an LDD type thin film transistor used for a pixel switching element of a liquid crystal display device, a driving circuit thereof, and the like. And its manufacturing method. Background technology
- TFT thin-film transistor
- ThinFi 1m Transistor thin-film transistor
- Liquid crystal display devices and EL displays using substrates have been actively studied because higher image quality can be obtained compared to simple matrix type display devices.
- the electron mobility of polysilicon (also referred to as “p—S i”) TFTs is lower than that of amorphous silicon (also referred to as “a—S ij”) TFTs.
- the former is an issue from the former aspect.
- p-Si TFT is a-Si TFT or M0S. Since the OFF current is larger than that of the field-effect transistor,
- a low-concentration impurity region (hereinafter referred to as “LDD” or “Lightly Doped”) is at least adjacent to at least one of the source region or the drain region of the TFT. stands for D rain, and also referred) thin preparative run-g is te force 5 Patent of providing a structure in which the 5 - 1 3 6 4 1 7 No. disclosed, that have been proposed.
- the OFF current can be reduced, but the channel under the gate electrode of the TFT is inverted.
- the low-concentration impurity region which is a relatively high-resistance layer, is inserted in series with the channel region, so that the 0 N current is reduced.
- Figure 1 shows the configuration of the first conventional example.
- 10 is a glass substrate.
- Reference numeral 150 denotes a source region (n + layer) of the semiconductor layer composed of p — Si.
- Reference numeral 160 denotes a drain region (n + layer). 170 is the same channel area.
- a sub-electrode 41 is provided so as to cover the gate electrode 4, and an LDD region (low-concentration impurity) is formed in the lower semiconductor layer on the source side and the drain side.
- Region: n-layer It has a structure in which 15 1 and 16 1 are formed.
- the semiconductor layers 15 1 and 16 1 in the LDD region below the sub-gate electrode 41 are depleted in the carrier when the carrier is OFF.
- the OFF current is suppressed to a low level due to the high resistance layer, but at the time of ON, the LDD regions 151 and 161 store electrons that become carriers. Since this results in a low-resistance region, the 0 N current does not decrease.
- the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode have a multi-layer wiring structure via an interlayer insulating film.
- FIG. 2 shows a second conventional example.
- 10 is a glass substrate.
- 150 is the source region (n + layer) of the semiconductor layer composed of p-Si
- 160 is the drain region (n + layer)
- 170 is the same.
- this figure shows a so-called GOLD (gate-drainoerlappedlightly-dopeddrain, gate-one, 'trap) TFT.
- the gate electrode 4 has a channel region 1 70
- the structure covers both sides, that is, the LDD regions (n-layers) 152 and 162 on the source side and the drain side.
- the low-concentration impurity regions 15 2 and 16 2 under the gate electrode 4 are formed in the high-resistance layer where the carrier is depleted. Therefore, the OFF current is suppressed to a low level.
- the low-concentration impurity regions 15 2 and 16 2 may be under the gate electrode, and electrons that become carriers accumulate to become low-resistance regions. Therefore, the 0 N current does not decrease.
- the regions are formed by implanting certain impurities using ion-doping techniques, where certain impurities ("impurities” in other technical fields) are used.
- impurities in other technical fields
- Dioping or "injection”
- Substances other than impurities necessary for the implantation such as hydrogen atoms, are also doped at the same time. It is.
- P-Si type TFTs are adjacent to at least one of the source or drain regions of the TFT in order to solve the problem of electrical characteristics. Therefore, it is indispensable to provide a small LDD region (Light 1 y Doped Drain).
- LDD region Light 1 y Doped Drain
- the exposure apparatus used for the production of the liquid crystal display device mainly employs the same-size exposure method, which naturally limits the miniaturization of the pixel transistor. Therefore, the pixel width of the pixel transition (about 1 to several m) or less (about 0.1 to 2 or 3 m) It is extremely difficult to form a low-concentration impurity region in a small region.
- this GOLD structure requires not only two ion implantations but also complicated manufacturing steps such as oblique rotation ion implantation. Therefore, the TFT manufacturing process is diversified, and the cost of the liquid crystal display device is significantly increased due to the prolongation of the process, the rise in the manufacturing cost, and the decrease in the holding time. It is expensive.
- the gate line resistance is high, and as the screen size increases to 15 inches and 20 inches, the first is Another problem is the electrical resistance of the gate line.
- the delay of the gate signal cannot be ignored, and the delay of the response of the pixel becomes conspicuous.
- a fritting force and uneven display on the screen may occur.
- the TFT characteristic becomes a problem.
- the TFT characteristics it is important to improve the mobility and the on-current, and to lower and stabilize the threshold voltage.
- control of the interface is the most important.
- semiconductor layers and gates The interface of the insulating film has a significant effect. Therefore, if this interface is made favorable, the characteristics will be improved.
- the temperature can be raised only up to about 600 ° C at the maximum.
- a low-resistance metal such as A1 or A1 alloy is used as a means for lowering the resistance of the gate electrode in order to solve the first problem. If used, even at this temperature of 600 ° C, so-called unintentional temperature, hillocks, disconnections, short-circuits, etc. may occur.
- refractory metals such as W, Mo, and Ta are used, these refractory metals have high resistance, so that the above-mentioned disadvantages increase.
- a pixel portion and a portion having a different role such as a drive circuit portion are formed on a single substrate, but the TFT characteristics required for each portion are different.
- the shape of the element, dimensions of the channel area, drain area, source area, etc. do not correspond to the mask design in photolithography. It is difficult to achieve a fine LDD part that can be achieved.
- LDD type TFTs having different characteristics are formed in each part on one substrate, and at this time, the steps of forming the TFTs and other elements such as pixels and reflectors on the substrate are minimized.
- the present invention has been made with a view to solving the above-mentioned problems, and for this reason, various aspects, such as electric resistance and impurity implantation, have been developed. They devised the material and structure of the gate electrode. In addition, efforts are being made in the fabrication and structure of the source and drain electrodes. In addition, he is also devising the production of Noh and Nell.
- the present invention has a mask compared to the center when impurities are implanted into the ends on the source electrode side and the drain electrode side in order to improve the gate electrode and to form the LDD region.
- a semiconductor layer having a source region, a drain region, and a gate region formed on a substrate, a gate insulating film, a gate insulating film, It has a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a gate electrode formed on the insulating film.
- the function as a transistor (element) is exhibited.
- the gate electrode is composed of upper and lower layers consisting of a silicide thin film and a metal thin film.
- the upper layer is the direction of arrival of impurity ions injected into the lower layer.
- the semiconductor layer is formed so as to be completely covered when viewed from above, and the semiconductor layer is made to have an impurity ion by using this multi-layered gate electrode as an injection mask. Has an LDD region formed by injecting a dopant.
- the gate electrode of the semiconductor element has one layer of a silicide thin film (contains a small amount of other materials such as raw material silicon for some reason such as unreacted)
- the other layer consists of the upper and lower layers, which are metal thin films, and the upper layer further includes the lower (gate insulating film side) impurity layer.
- the upper layer When it is viewed from the direction in which it comes from (in principle, the top surface of the substrate), it is completely covered, and in many cases, it is on the drain electrode side or At least on the side of the source electrode, about l to 4 / m suitable for forming the LDD structure (Depending on the size of the element, etc., it is determined by the case noise case) It is formed by extruding.
- a gate electrode having a structure such as a trapezoid in which the upper layer protrudes or the entire cross section expands at the end is used as an injection mask, and impurities are more removed from the upper side.
- the amount of impurities injected into at least one of the drain electrode side and the source electrode side is naturally reduced to the channel region. It has less LDD area.
- the source region, the drain region, and the narrow LDD region occupy the semiconductor layer of the silicide thin film and the metal thin film and the impurity ion. It is naturally formed in a region determined from the direction of implantation of GaN.
- the impurities may diffuse due to the subsequent heat treatment, and the boundaries may be somewhat obscure.
- the direction of the impurity ion injection may be slightly obliquely upward. However, they are also included in this invention.
- the LDD region is formed in the upper part of the second layer, which protrudes, and in the downstream direction in the direction in which the ions come in. In this case, If it protrudes only to the opposite side, the stray capacitance will be small.
- the silicon thin film and the same thickness are used separately. Due to the chemical reaction with the metal thin film, etc., they are both composed of silicide thin film and silicide thin film (including some unreacted layers). Has layers.
- the gate electrode is a multilayer having a silicon thin film such as an amorphous film which is easy to react with at least a silicon thin film and a metal thin film.
- the center is the thickest, the ends are the thinnest, and the middle is the middle or the middle.
- This is a multi-stage LDD forming mask / gate electrode that becomes gradually thicker from both sides toward the center.
- the gate electrode is made of a thin film of a high melting point metal (including alloy) such as molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niob, TZM, TZC and the like.
- a high melting point metal such as molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niob, TZM, TZC and the like.
- the intermediate aluminum-containing gate electrode is used for the semiconductor layer, and the impurity ion is applied to the semiconductor layer from above using the intermediate aluminum-containing gate electrode as an implantation mask.
- It is an LDD semiconductor device having a single-stage or multi-stage LDD region formed by injection. According to the above configuration, the following operations are performed.
- the gate electrode is an intermediate aluminum-containing gate electrode, and therefore does not substantially react with aluminum at the heat treatment temperature of the substrate, and is deformed.
- the silicide layer comprises titanium silicide, ruto silicide, nickel silicide, and zirconium.
- Specific material silicide layer selected from the group consisting of silicide, molybdenum silicide, radium silicide, and white gold silicide It is.
- the silicide layer is made of titanium silicide TiSi2, TiSi, Ti5Si3 ' o S i 2, C o 2 S i, C o S i, C o S i 3), nickel series (NI 2 S i, N i S i, N i S i 2), Zirconium series (ZrSi2, ZrSi, Zr2Si) Molybdenum series (MoSi2, Mo3Si) , Mo 5Si 3 Radius silicide (Pd2Si, PdSi), group of white gold silicide (Pt2Si, PtSi) More selected.
- each metal silicide is a list of examples.
- At least one of the metal thin films is a metal thin film of the same material in which the constituent metal elements are the same as the metal elements constituting silicide.
- the silicide in the first layer is a palladium silicide
- the material is the same as the metal element in the first layer, such as a palladium thin film.
- the present invention provides a method for forming a gate electrode whose thickness varies in a plurality of steps because the mask also serves as a mask at the time of impurity implantation in order to manufacture an LDD type TFT. Processing such as plating, oxidation, anodic oxidation, etc., based on the gate electrode constituent material layer already formed on the insulating film, and other photo-song graphs and etchings It uses a chin or the like.
- the LDD structure is formed by also using the gate electrode as a mask at the time of impurity implantation, as in the first invention of the first invention.
- an upper electrode is formed on top of the lower electrode by using the lower electrode.
- at least one of the source electrode side and the drain electrode side is used.
- the upper electrode or the lower electrode protrudes more or less than the other, and the masking ability of the protruding part is not perfect.
- the semiconductor layer has a channel region immediately below the center of the gate electrode, an LDD region at least on one side, and an LDD region immediately below the protruding portion, and further other regions.
- a source region and a drain region are respectively formed.
- the upper gate electrode is made of a material with a higher density as a rule already formed, and a material with a lower density as a rule for a lower gate electrode. It is formed by depositing a thin metal film. (Of course, depending on the thickness of the lower gate electrode or the shielding and masking ability and the thickness of the plating and other materials, the density is not always constant. Yes.)
- the thickness of the upper gate electrode is extremely thin, the thickness accuracy is excellent, and the position of the upper gate electrode is more accurate with respect to the lower gate electrode.
- the plating is an electric field or a non-electric field.
- the part protruding to the side of the lower electrode is a source electrode unless some processing is performed in advance. It is needless to say that it is formed on both the side and the drain electrode side, and the upper surface of the lower electrode is also plated.
- an LDD forming mask is formed by anodizing the upper gate electrode material.
- a lower gate electrode such as Mo or Fe is reacted with a predetermined substance, for example, a gas such as oxygen, and an oxide is formed on the upper surface and side surfaces of the lower electrode.
- a predetermined substance for example, a gas such as oxygen, and an oxide is formed on the upper surface and side surfaces of the lower electrode.
- the upper mask for LDD formation is formed by utilizing the chemical reaction described above.
- the temperature and the fluid pressure at the start of the reaction are controlled to form the upper gate electrode with accurate positioning, thickness, and the like.
- the electric resistance is high, so that it does not actually act as the upper gate electrode, but simply acts as a mask. In some cases, it only has a function. In this case, after the impurity is implanted, the upper gate electrode as a reaction product is removed by etching or the like, or plays a role of an insulating film. Is the principle.
- a lower gate electrode having a masking function that is relatively strong is formed first, lightly doped with impurities, and thereafter, the lower gate electrode is formed. At the upper part, at least one of the source electrode side and the drain electrode side is protruded and the upper gate electrode with a strong mask function is exposed. It is formed at the same time, and furthermore, impurities are seriously implanted under this.
- a TFT having an LDD region below the protruding upper gate electrode can be manufactured, although it is necessary to perform the impurity implantation twice.
- the protrusion of the lower gate electrode end of the upper gate electrode uses at least a photo-song graph and etching. It is formed by this.
- a gate electrode is formed which also serves as a mask for forming an LDD structure with a small displacement between the lower gate electrode and the upper gate electrode.
- a register can be part of the mask.
- the protruding portion of the mask / gate electrode having a structure in which the upper and lower portions protrude toward the lower portion and the upper and lower portions are removed after impurity implantation. are doing .
- LDD-TFTs having different characteristics can be formed on a single substrate.
- this LDD type TFT only in a certain area corresponding to the role played by the device and the required performance on the same substrate, it is ideal for various applications. It becomes a substrate.
- some of the inventions of the first invention group and the second invention group have a density of 8 or more, preferably 10 or more, and more as upper and lower gate electrode materials.
- the density of such as 13 or more, specifically, Ta or W, etc. is very large, or particularly, Ti or the alloy of which the main component is Ti, etc., has a large hydrogen adsorption power. Since it is composed of metals (and other silicides) or alloys and mixtures thereof (for example, W and Ti), hydrogen is permeated when implanted with impurities. Materials and low electrical resistance Use different materials.
- the gate insulating film in the other region is removed once, and the gate insulating film in the other region is formed again after the impurity is implanted.
- the gate insulating film does not exist, the accelerating voltage at the time of impurity implantation is reduced by that much, and as a result, the channel region, the source region, the drain region, the LDD Regardless of the region, damage to the polycrystalline semiconductor due to the high-speed implantation of hydrogen used for diluting the impurities is reduced by less than that. Needless to say, heat treatment for limiting the damage of the polycrystalline semiconductor and recovering it is performed as necessary.
- the present invention group in addition to the third invention group, further prevents as much as possible the intrusion of hydrogen for impurity dilution into the polycrystalline semiconductor during the implantation of impurities.
- a Ti or Zi film having excellent hydrogen absorption ability is formed on the surface of the polycrystalline semiconductor from which the gate insulating film has been removed.
- Hydrogen absorbed into Ti and the like, and moreover, hydrogen absorbed into the Ti and the like is physically and chemically adsorbed by the hydrogen that is implanted together with the impurities. To prevent intrusion.
- these metals, particularly Ti have a low density, so that they do not hinder the implantation of impurities.
- the Ti of the hydrogen storage at the time of impurity implantation, etc. It is left in the source electrode and drain electrode forming portions, and is reacted with polycrystalline silicon in a later heat treatment to form a silicide film.
- the electrical contact between the source and drain electrodes and the polycrystalline silicon is greatly improved via the silicon layer.
- the present invention group is different from the above-described first to fourth invention groups in that the top-gate type is a top-gate type, while the other is a top-gate type. It is almost the same.
- the present invention group is different from the above-described first to fourth invention groups in that they are of the non-LDD type, whereas they are of the LDD type.
- An object of the present invention is to prevent a permeation of hydrogen into a lower portion of the channel region and to obtain a gate electrode having a low resistance.
- the gate electrode has two layers, one of which is formed of a material having low electric resistance, and the other of which is a high-density metal or a hydrogen-adsorbing metal. .
- the gate insulating film is temporarily removed at the time of impurity implantation.
- a Ti film is formed after the gate insulating film is once removed to prevent hydrogen intrusion. Note that this film is It will be removed in principle.
- the group of the present invention relates to a substrate using the same, whereas the group of the above-mentioned inventions particularly targets LDD-type TFTs.
- an LDD type TFT having characteristics according to the role of the part is formed on each part of a single substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cross section of a conventional thin film transistor having an LDD structure.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of a thin film transistor having a conventional GLD type LDD structure.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the semiconductor device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a first half of a diagram showing a change in a cross section in a process of forming the semiconductor device of the above embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a change in the cross section due to a forming process following FIG. 4 described above.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a change in a cross section of the semiconductor device according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention in the course of forming the semiconductor device.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a semiconductor device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows a cross section of a semiconductor device according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention. It is a diagram showing the principle.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a semiconductor device according to the first to fifth embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a principle and a cross section of a semiconductor device according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the thin-film transistor according to the 2-1 embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the first half of the manufacturing process of the thin film transistor according to the above embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the latter half of the manufacturing process of the thin-film transistor of the above embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a main part of a manufacturing process of the thin film transistor according to the second to second embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a main part of a manufacturing process of the thin film transistor according to the second to third embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a plane and a cross section of a pixel TFT of a liquid crystal panel using the thin film transistor of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view and a sectional view showing another pixel TFT of a liquid crystal panel using the thin film transistor of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of the TFT according to the second to fifth embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram schematically showing the TFT manufacturing method of the above embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the voltage / current characteristics of the TFT according to the above embodiment.
- FIG. 21 shows a pixel electrode using the TFT array of the above embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram schematically showing a main part of a method for manufacturing a pixel electrode using the TFT array of the above embodiment.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing a TFT according to the second to seventh embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a method of manufacturing a TFT according to the second to eighth embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing the TFT voltage / current characteristics of the above embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram schematically showing a TFT array according to the second to ninth embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing the TFT array according to the above embodiment.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing the TFT array according to the second to tenth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing the TFT array according to the second to eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing the TFT array according to the 3-1st embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing the TFT array according to the third to second embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing the TFT array according to the 4-1st embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing the TFT array according to the 5-1st embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 34 shows the fabrication of a TFT array according to the fifth to second embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a fabrication method.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing a TFT array according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram schematically showing a method of manufacturing a TFT array according to the seventh to second embodiments of the present invention.
- the 1st to 11th embodiments mean, in particular, the 1st embodiment of the 1st invention group. For this reason, there may be a case where a configuration of another invention group is included.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the TFT according to the first embodiment of the first invention group.
- a semiconductor layer 1 is formed on an insulating substrate 10
- a gate electrode 4 is formed on a gate insulating film 2
- the TFT is further formed.
- the source region 1 is formed in the semiconductor layer on the left and right sides of the lower portion of the semiconductor layer as shown in the figure. 50 and a drain region 160 are formed.
- an inter-layer insulating film 3 is formed, and a connection portion in a contact hole formed in an interlayer insulating film above the source region and the drain region is used.
- a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 are formed. Therefore, the basic configuration is the same as the conventional one shown in Fig. 1.
- the gate electrode is formed so as to cover the lower silicon layer 413 including the silicon layer formed on the gate insulating film and the lower layer from above. It has a multi-layer (approximately two-layer) structure composed of the formed metal layers 4 14, and furthermore,
- the semiconductor layer in the lower channel region in the figure is The difference is that it has an LDD structure.
- the silicon silicide of the silicon layer of the gate electrode section is titanium silicide, silicon, nickel silicide, nickel silicide. It is formed by using metal silicide, silicon carbide silicide, silver metal silicide, and white gold silicide. The use of these silicide layers makes it possible to reduce the resistance of the gate electrode.
- the sheet resistance of the electrode is 13 ju ⁇ / square, the cono, and if it is a root silicide, 2 0 ⁇ / mouth, 40 ⁇ / square for nickel silicide, 35 ju ⁇ / mouth for zirconium silicide, 50 mm
- the resistance is 35 ju ⁇ / square and 30 ⁇ / square with white gold silicide, which is lower than that of the conventional refractory metal.
- a metal layer 4 14 is formed to completely cover this silicon layer, and further, on the gate insulating film 2, the metal layer 4 14 is formed rather than the silicon layer.
- the metal layer is preferably made of aluminum or its alloy because of its low electric resistance, and tungsten or molybdenum due to its heat resistance during heat treatment. Refractory metals such as ribden are preferred. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to these metals, and the function as a gate electrode that also functions as a mask is properly performed. Basically, any metal can be used, as long as it meets the requirements of the above.
- the thickness depends on the type of metal, especially the shielding effect when implanting impurity ions. The value varies depending on the density and the amount of atoms affecting the fruit, but is about 100 'to several thousand'. For example, when Ti (titanium) is used, its thickness varies depending on the accelerating voltage and the type of ion implanted, but is about 500 to 100 000. ⁇ The degree is appropriate.
- the gate electrode having such a structure is used as an injection mask (shielding), and an impurity ion such as P, B, etc. is injected from above. This will be possible.
- the semiconductor layer below the electrode naturally has the LDD structure, which is different from the conventional one. In the following, this will be described in some detail.
- the ion implantation conditions are as follows: the accelerating voltage is 50 to 70 KeV, and the implantation amount is 1.0 E 15 (10 to the 15th power) to 8.0 E. A value of 15 / cm 2 is appropriate. At this time, the thickness of the gate insulating film 2 is about 800 to 1200 ⁇ .
- the region just below the ion-incoming direction of the portion 41 1 41 is: With the thickness of the metal layer, it is impossible to completely block the injected ions, so that a small amount of impurity ions is injected.
- ions of about 1.0E14 to 5.0E14 / cm2 are injected.
- this part forms the n-layers 151, 152.
- this part forms the n-layers 151, 152.
- the silicide thin film is again replaced with the channel of the lower silicide thin film. Needless to say, it can be formed in such a way that a small amount of food is eaten out.
- FIG. 4 and 5 should originally be the same drawing (drawing number) as the original drawing, but we decided to use two leaves (drawing) for the space described on the paper. It is a thing.
- Amorphous silicon (a-Si) 100 is formed on the entire surface of the Si02 film, and this amorphous silicone is further ex- posed. Annealing (melting, recrystallization) by irradiation of a single crystal causes polycrystalline (poly) silicon (single or large particles) (Silicon) After that, this port is located only in the area that forms the transistor (element) defined by the arrangement of the pixel section on the board and the driving circuit section around it. The remaining portions of the silicon film 100 are removed, and other portions are removed. That is to say, so-called isolation, no-nothing. For this reason, in FIGS. 4 and 5, the isolated polysilicon film is used in FIGS. 4 and 5, and thus, for one semiconductor element.
- a gate insulating film 2 is formed on the entire surface.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film depends on the film quality and the size of the transistor.
- the thickness of the gate insulating film is determined by the APCVD method or the TEOS plasma CVD method. The thus formed Si02 of about 800 to 1200 'was used.
- a silicide film for forming a gate electrode is formed on the entire surface of each of the gated insulating films, and only at positions corresponding to the gate electrodes.
- the formed silicide film is left as it is 4 13, and the silicide film in other parts is removed.
- a titanium silicide film is used in the present embodiment, it goes without saying that another silicide film may be used.
- a metal film 414 is formed on the entire surface of the patterned silicide film,
- the ends on the source electrode side and the drain electrode side should protrude from the silicide film by about 1 to 4 / m. In other words, it is notifying.
- the lower silicide layer is completely covered with the upper metal layer.
- a Ti film was used as the metal film.
- the thickness was set to about 500 to 100 '.
- an inter-layer insulating film 3 is formed on the entire surface of the substrate.
- a Si02 film made of APCVD or TEOSS plasma CVD was used, and its thickness was about 600 to 900 '.
- the thin film transistor of this embodiment is the same as the first embodiment up to the first embodiment of forming the gate insulating film and ((c) of FIG. 4). . It differs from the formation of the gate electrode. For this reason, this part will be described with reference to FIG.
- a layer of amorphous silicon is formed on the entire surface of the substrate 10 to be used for forming the gate electrode, and unnecessary portions are further removed.
- the patterned amorphous silicon layer 41330 is formed by centering the center on the position of the original gate electrode. .
- a metal film 4 is formed on the entire surface of the substrate on which the amorphous silicon layer is formed.
- the amorphous silicon layer is formed by a plasma CVD method or a snotter method, and has a thickness of about 500-200.000. .
- a Ti film is used for the metal film. Then, the thickness is set to about 20000 to 500 '.
- the formation of the metal silicide may, of course, be performed using other metals.
- the amorphous silicon and the metal protrude about 1 to 4111 from the end of the lower layer on the side of the source electrode and the drain electrode, Needless to say, all the reactions may be performed while maintaining the shape.
- FIG. 7 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3, and has an LDD structure 162 only on the drain electrode side in order to reduce the floating capacity. .
- FIG. 8 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is a development example of the first to second embodiments described with reference to FIG.
- the metal film, the silicide film, and the amorphous silicon film are formed from below. Three layers are formed in this order on the gate insulating film, and impurities are further implanted from above to form a two-stage LDD.
- a patterned metal thin film 416 is formed on a gate insulating film 2 of a substrate 10.
- the amorphous silicon film 413 is patterned and formed so as to completely cover the metal thin film.
- the amorphous silicon film is formed so as to protrude slightly to the source electrode side and the drain electrode side of the metal thin film. Therefore, here is the same as the eleventh embodiment except that the materials of the upper and lower film layers are opposite.
- the metal thin film and the amorphous silicon are reacted by heating to form a silicide layer between the two layers.
- the heating temperature and time are adjusted so that the metal thin film has a predetermined length in the direction of the channel region and, of course, has a certain thickness. So that it remains.
- the gate electrode at the top of the channel region has a thin-walled portion 41301, consisting only of amorphous silicon at both ends of the gate electrode, and the gate electrode.
- the unreacted metal thin film 416 on the upper and lower layers in the center of the electrode and the silicide layer 415 on the upper and lower layers or unreacted on the upper layer in addition to these Between the thick part consisting of the amorphous silicon layer 413 and the silicide layer or even more in the middle This means that an intermediate portion consisting of an unreacted amorphous silicone layer on the upper layer is formed.
- the density of silicide is an intermediate value between the densities of the metal and silicon that constitute it (but not necessarily the center value). . For this reason, in this middle part, even if the thickness is the same as the thick part in the center of the channel area (of course, it may not be equal) ), The ability as a mask (interruption) at the time of impurity ion injection is inferior.
- the gate electrode has a three-layer structure, and this is used as a mask to further implant impurities.
- the LDD has a two-stage structure.
- a patterned silicide layer 413 is formed on the gate insulating film 2 of the substrate 10.
- the silicide layer 413 is completely covered with the shape slightly protruding to the source electrode and drain electrode side, and is notched.
- An aluminum thin film layer 417 is formed.
- This aluminum thin film layer 417 is completely covered, and is further patterned into a pattern slightly protruding toward the source electrode and drain electrode. Alternatively, a thin film of molybdenum 414 is formed.
- the aluminum film 417 at the center is made of tungsten or the like having a high melting point at the upper portion thereof. Because it is surrounded by the film 4 14 and the silicide 4 13 below, which is a high-temperature and stable compound, it can be heated up to a temperature close to its melting point. There will be no inconvenience such as deformation or hillock. Even if it occurs, the conductive layer exists above and below the portion, and the length of the portion where the inconvenience occurs is itself short, so that this portion has the entire electric resistance. There are few adverse effects on the environment.
- this semiconductor element has a low electric resistance as well as a silicide, so that the electric resistance of the gate electrode is greatly reduced.
- This embodiment is a further development of the first to fourth embodiments.
- the lower metal film 4 16 which is turned in a lower order on the gate insulating film, is turned down.
- an amorphous silicon film 411 and an upper metal film 414 are formed, and in this case, the upper film completely covers the lower film. It is formed so as to protrude a little in the direction of the source electrode and the direction of the drain electrode.
- each substrate is exposed to a temperature of 550 ° C to 660 ° C for 10 to 20 minutes.
- the unreacted first metal layer 416 and the first metal silicide are formed from the lower side as shown in FIG.
- a plating or the like is used as a mask / gate electrode having a two-stage structure.
- FIG. 11 shows a cross section of the thin film transistor of the present embodiment.
- reference numeral 10 denotes a glass substrate.
- Reference numerals 150, 152, 170, 162, and 160 denote polycrystalline silicon layers having an LDD structure.
- 2 is a gate insulating film.
- 42 is a lower gate electrode.
- 43 is an upper gate electrode.
- 3 is an interlayer insulating film.
- 5 is a source electrode.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes a drain electrode.
- a polycrystalline silicon layer 1 having a film thickness of 500 to 100 A is formed, and a film thickness is formed thereon.
- This gate electrode is composed of a lower gate electrode 42 and an upper gate electrode 43 formed so as to cover the upper surface of the gate electrode. Furthermore, the upper gate electrode 43 has its source electrode side and drain electrode side ends slightly protruding from the lower gate electrode 42.
- the upper gate electrode 42 is a material having a higher density than the lower gate electrode 43. (If the height is too high, disadvantages such as an increase in the required thickness of the gate insulating film may occur.) And a mask effect is preferred.
- the lower gate electrode 42 is Al, Al / Ti, Al / Zr / Ti, and the like, and the upper gate electrode 43 is not. Ta, Cr, Mo and the like.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer is formed immediately below the lower gate electrode 42 as shown in this figure. And the gate electrode on the source and drain electrodes and the upper gate electrode protruded from the lower gate electrode.
- the junction surface between the LDD region on the source electrode side and the source region 150 is almost coincident with the end surface of the upper gate electrode 43, and the LDD region 152 is connected to the chip.
- the junction surface with the channel region 170 almost coincides with the end surface of the lower gate electrode 42.
- LDD region 1 on the drain electrode side The junction surface between the drain region 62 and the drain region 160 almost coincides with the end surface of the upper gate electrode 43, and the LDD region 1662 and the channel region 170
- the contact surface of the lower electrode almost coincides with the end surface of the lower gate electrode 42. (Note: In practice, some inconsistency may occur due to scattering by the gate insulating film at the time of impurity implantation and diffusion at the time of heat treatment.)
- the TFT has, for example, source electrodes 51 and 52 made of aluminum on the upper part and titanium made on the lower part and drain electrodes 61 and 62 made of titanium. It has been set up.
- the source electrode 5 is connected to the semiconductor source via a contact hole 95 formed on the gate insulating layer 2 and the interlayer insulating layer 3.
- drain electrode 6 is connected to drain region 160 through contact hole 96.
- An a-Si layer 1 having a thickness of 500 to 100 OA is deposited on a glass substrate 10 by a plasma CVD method or a low pressure CVD method, and In order to prevent the occurrence of abrasion in the a-Si film 100 due to the release of hydrogen inside during polycrystallization by laser irradiation later. And dehydrogenation at 400 ° C.
- a-Si layer 1 is melted by a laser analyzer using an excimer laser with a wavelength of 300 nm, and the crystal is left as it is. Then, a polycrystalline silicon layer 1 is formed.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer is shaped according to the arrangement of the semiconductor elements on the substrate. It is so-called isolation and patterning.
- a Si 0 2 (100 OA thick) is formed so as to completely cover the patterned polycrystalline silicon 1. 2 Silicon oxide) to form layer 2. This layer becomes the gate insulating layer of the semiconductor element.
- An aluminum layer 420 is formed on the entire surface of the substrate. This layer serves as a gate electrode below the semiconductor element.
- the aluminum layer 420 is patterned in a predetermined shape by photolithography to form a lower gate electrode 42. .
- the first impurity ion diluted with H 2 gas from the upper portion is accelerated by a voltage and is driven. That is, do so-called doping.
- phosphorus should be used as an impurity, and the concentration to be implanted should be low.
- the channel region 170 directly below the lower gate electrode 42 is a region where no impurities are doped.
- the left and right regions 175 and 176 excluding that region are n- layers lightly doped with impurities.
- the Mo layer 43 is formed so as to completely cover the lower gate electrode 42. This layer becomes the upper gate electrode of the semiconductor element.
- the material used for the upper gate electrode is higher in density than the material used for the lower gate electrode. Yes. This takes into account the need for full masking capability during the second drop.
- the upper metal layer is patterned to form the upper gate electrode 43.
- the second impurity implantation is performed mainly using the upper gate electrode 43 as a mask.
- lin ion was used as an impurity.
- the doping amount is larger than the first time. It is a theory.
- the ion concentration is high in the region of the polycrystalline silicon layer except for the region located immediately below the upper gate electrode 43. It is driven to. Consequently, the upper gate electrode 4 of the areas 1775 and 1776 where impurities are lightly doped by the above-mentioned doping.
- the portion not covered by 3 is further doped with impurities, and the impurity-rich area (n + layer), ie, the source Storage area 150 and the drain area 160.
- the second ion diode In some cases, the impurity is not doped and the impurity is implanted at a low concentration, resulting in an LDD region (n-layer).
- an LDD region 152 (n-layer) is formed between the source region 150 (n + layer) and the channel region 170, and the drain is formed.
- An LDD region (n-layer) is formed between the in region 160 (n + layer) and the channel region 170.
- the first gate electrode 42 is used as a mask, and the first ion doping is not performed.
- the upper gate electrode 42 is formed on the upper portion thereof. Since the second ion pinning is performed using the second gate electrode 43 as a mask, the source region, the drain region, and the Two low-impurity impurity regions can be formed in a self-consistent manner (necessarily with good positioning accuracy).
- the upper gate electrode 43 overlaps with the source region 150 and the upper gate electrode 43 overlaps with the drain region 160.
- the parts can be small.
- the parasitic capacitance can be suppressed to a small value, the OFF current can be reduced, and the decrease in the ON current can be suppressed as much as possible.
- An inter-layer insulating layer (SiO x) 3 is formed.
- 1) Contact holes 95 and 96 are formed in the inter-layer insulating layer 3 and the gate insulating layer 2 at positions where the source electrode and the drain electrode are to be formed.
- a metal layer such as A1 is formed by a snow method, and the upper part of the formed metal layer is patterned into a predetermined shape to form a source electrode 5 and a drain.
- the electrode 6 is formed.
- a TFT Fluor Film Transistor
- a protective film such as SiN.
- the p-channel TFT can also be manufactured by a similar process.
- the lower gate electrode is subjected to a plating process to form an upper gate electrode.
- FIG. 14 shows a method of manufacturing the thin film transistor of the present embodiment. Hereinafter, this manufacturing method will be described with reference to this drawing.
- the entire glass substrate is immersed in an Au plating solution (not shown), and an electric field is applied so that the lower gate electrode 42 becomes a negative electrode, and the upper gate electrode is applied.
- the Au layer 43 is formed by plating so as to serve as a single electrode.
- the Au film 43 conforming to the plating condition is formed on the side surface of the gate electrode 42 at the lower part.
- a gate electrode line (not shown) is used as a power line to which a voltage is applied for plating.
- the Au film thickness can be formed to an accurate thickness by controlling the applied voltage and current, plating time, plating solution concentration, and the like. is there .
- control of voltage, current, plating time, plating solution concentration, and the like is also easy.
- this Au film thickness is Is also extremely accurate.
- H ' shows the appearance of this plating.
- the second impurity implantation is performed. Let's go. At this time, the impurities to be doped are linions, and the concentration of the dopant is higher than that of the first time.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer has a channel region 170 directly below the lower gate electrode 42 and a lower channel electrode 170. Except for the impurity low-concentration regions 15 2 and 16 2 located immediately below the Au film plated on the gate electrode side surface, and the two types of regions A source region 150 and a drain region 160 in which impurities are highly doped in the region are formed.
- the material of the upper gate electrode is not limited to the Au material, as a matter of course. . In other words, it suffices that the material has a high-precision electric field strength and an ion blocking effect against a doping of impurities.
- the plating is not limited to the electric field plating method, but the plating liquid and the plating material are selected and the electroless plating method is used. Of course, it is good.
- the metal film printed on the lower gate electrode of the thin-film transistor having the GOLD (gate-drainoerlappedlightly-dopeddrain) structure of the second embodiment is removed. It is what you do.
- the remaining lower electrode 42 becomes the gate electrode, and the polycrystalline silicon layer immediately below the lower electrode 42 becomes a channel region.
- the present embodiment relates to a pixel electrode using the thin film transistor of the previous three embodiments.
- FIG. 16 shows a pixel of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
- (A) in this figure is a plan view, and (b) is a cross section taken along line A-A of (a).
- reference numeral 10 denotes a glass substrate.
- 2 is a gate insulating film.
- 42 1 is a first lower gate electrode.
- Reference numeral 42 2 denotes a second lower gate electrode.
- 3 is an inter-layer insulating film.
- 5 is a source electrode.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes a drain electrode.
- 11 is a pixel electrode.
- the lower gate electrode is formed over a plurality of regions on the polycrystalline silicon layer, and all the upper surfaces of the lower gate electrodes 42 1 and 42 2 are formed on the upper region. It is covered with a gate electrode 43.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer has two channels located directly below the two lower gate electrodes 42 1 and 42 2 in the figure.
- Region 170, the source region 150 (n + layer) and the A lithographic region (n + layer) 160 is formed, and a portion where the side portions of the two lower gate electrodes and the upper gate electrode 43 protrude is further extended.
- regions 152, 162, and 1562 with low impurity concentration LDD region: n-layer).
- FIG. 17 shows a pixel TFT having another structure.
- (a) is a plan view of the pixel TFT
- (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A.
- the upper gate electrodes 43 1 and 43 2 are connected to the lower two gate electrodes 42 crossing a plurality of regions of the polycrystalline silicon layer. And are individually formed so as to cover the upper surface.
- the parasitic capacitance of the pixel TFT can be suppressed to be small, the OFF current can be reduced, and the decrease in the ON current can be suppressed as much as possible. It is something that can do this.
- the lower gate electrode has a larger length in the channel direction than the upper gate electrode.
- FIG. 18 schematically shows a plane (a) and a cross section (b) of the thin film transistor of the present embodiment.
- (B) is a cross section taken along line A-A of (a).
- the basic structure of this TFT is the same as that of the TFT of the above-described eleventh embodiment shown in FIG. 13 and the like.
- the gate electrode 4 is different in that the length of the lower portion 42 in the channel direction is longer than that of the upper portion. For this reason, the lower gate electrode 42 protrudes to the source electrode 5 side and the drain electrode 6 side of both ends of the upper gate electrode 41. It has 2 5-and 4 2 6. Since the gate electrode is used as a mask and impurities are implanted from the upper surface of the substrate, a p-Si film having an LDD structure is formed below the gate electrode. It is formed.
- 170 is a channel region which is located below the upper and lower electrodes and has no impurities implanted therein.
- 152 and 162 are the LDD regions in which impurities are lightly implanted because only the protruding portions 425 and 426 of the lower gate electrode are masked. It is.
- Reference numerals 150 and 160 denote a source region and a drain region which are heavily doped with impurities due to no mask.
- the a-Si film is melted and recrystallized (polycrystallized) by a laser analyzer using an excimer laser having a wavelength of 308 nm. A silicon film was used.
- a predetermined region of the p-Si film for forming TFT was processed into an island shape. It is a so-called patterning.
- a gate insulating film 2 was formed on the entire surface of the substrate so as to cover the patterned P—Si film. Specifically, a SiO 2 film deposited to a thickness of about 100 OA by a plasma CVD method using TEOS as a source gas was used. Therefore, up to this point, it is the same as the embodiment up to now.
- An upper gate electrode film 420 was deposited on the Si 02 film. Book In the embodiment, the I ⁇ ⁇ film formed by the snow ring method was used, and the film thickness was set to about 500 ⁇ . However, in addition to the aluminum film, Various metal films such as um, tantalum, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, zirconia, and alloy films thereof, and conductive films such as ITO An oxide film may be used. However, in these cases, in the later process, the lower electrode is used as a mask to perform the doping of the LDD region. The film thickness is determined individually taking this into account. In addition, the stopping power (the ability to prevent the passage of accelerated ions) of ions ionized by the film material differs, which is natural. However, the optimum film thickness differs depending on the material composition of the film.
- the material for the upper electrode film must be selected in consideration of the fact that the lower electrode film can be selectively etched in a later process.
- the tantalum film 410 of the upper gate electrode was patterned into a predetermined shape to form the upper gate electrode 41.
- the patterning is made of a photosensitive resin, so that the resist 13 exists only on the part where the evening film is left, which is unnecessary. An important part of the tantalum film was removed by draining.
- the lower gate electrode 42 was formed by patterning the ITO film into a predetermined shape.
- the TFT is an n-channel TFT, but a p-channel TFT can also be manufactured in the same manner.
- Figure 20 shows the voltage / current characteristics of the TFT manufactured by the above method.
- line L1 shows the TFT characteristics of the conventional structure (not the LDD structure)
- line L2 shows the characteristics of the conventional LDD structure
- Line L3 shows the voltage / current characteristics of the TFT manufactured in the present embodiment.
- the off current can be reduced in the conventional TFT by using the LDD structure.
- the on-current will be reduced by adopting the LDD structure.
- the present embodiment it can be seen that the off-state current can be reduced and the on-state current cannot be reduced.
- the LDD region having high resistance is located below the gate electrode, the LDD region and the channel are not connected in the saturated region and the unsaturated region.
- the on-current does not decrease because electrons, which are carriers, accumulate in the cell region as well.
- FIG. 21 schematically shows a cross section of a pixel electrode area in which the TFT array of the present embodiment is used as a TFT for pixel switching of a liquid crystal display device.
- these are arranged in rows and columns and in rows and columns on a glass substrate in a so-called matrix form.
- the TFT for switching is manufactured in n-channel type.
- the basic structure of this switching TFT is the same as that shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, and the polysilicon TFT is placed on a glass substrate 10.
- a polycrystalline semiconductor film 1 made of such a material, a gate insulating film 2 made of Si 02, a gate electrode 4 and an interlayer insulating film 3 made of Si 02 are stacked in this order.
- the gate electrode 4 is composed of a lower electrode 42 made of a transparent conductive film and a metal fixed to the upper surface of this electrode 42 with a narrower width.
- the electrode 41 is formed.
- the polycrystalline semiconductor film 1 under the interlayer insulating film 2 has a channel region 170 directly below the upper gate electrode 41, and a lower portion on both sides of the channel region 170.
- the pixel area is provided with a pixel electrode 11 made of a transparent conductive film patterned in a predetermined shape, and this is a contact area. It is connected to the drain electrode 6 via a hole.
- the lower electrode 42 and the pixel electrode 11 are made of the same transparent conductive film. That is, a transparent conductive film of the same layer is patterned, a part thereof is used as a lower gate electrode, and a part is used as a pixel electrode 11. Therefore, the number of processes is reduced by one compared with the case where both films are formed individually.
- This figure is a diagram schematically showing a manufacturing process of this TFT array, and is basically the same as FIG. 11.
- the right side is a pixel portion.
- a lower gate electrode and a transparent conductive film 42 ° for forming a pixel electrode film were deposited on the gate insulating film 2. This was deposited by the sputtering method.
- the ITO film has a thickness of about 50 OA. Note that a conductive oxide film other than ITO may be used as the transparent conductive film. Furthermore, that An upper gate electrode film 410 was formed on top of the substrate.
- LDD type TFTs were manufactured in the same steps as in the other embodiments.
- the TFT for pixel switching is formed on a glass substrate.
- a C-MOS transistor composed of F.T A liquid crystal panel drive circuit can be fabricated on a glass substrate by fabricating circuits and the like.
- polon ion may be implanted as an impurity.
- the thin-film transistor of this embodiment is basically the same as that shown in FIGS. 18 (a) and (b).
- FIG. 23 schematically shows a method of manufacturing the thin film transistor of the present embodiment.
- the method of manufacturing the TFT according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to this drawing.
- the undercoat Si 02 film 12 for preventing the elution of impurities from the glass is formed on the glass substrate 10 to a thickness of about 300 to 700 OA. Deposited on the ground. An amorphous silicon film was formed on top of it, and it was processed into an island shape to form a thin film transistor.
- the amorphous silicon film was polycrystallized by an annealing treatment by irradiation with an excimer laser to obtain a polysilicon film 1. Further, a SiO 2 film was formed to a thickness of about 100 OA as a get insulating film 2 by a plasma CVD method using TEOS as a source gas. (A) of this figure is this state. Therefore, here, it is the same as the conventional embodiment. (b) After forming tantalum to a thickness of 200 nm as the lower gate electrode forming film 420, aluminum is formed as the upper gate electrode forming film 410. An alloy was deposited to a thickness of 15 O nm. (C) A resist film 13 made of a photocurable resin for forming a gate electrode on the upper portion is formed on the aluminum alloy film 410, and ultraviolet rays are passed through the mask 14 ( UV).
- the upper gate electrode 41 and the lower gate electrode 42 are used as masks, and the upper gate electrode 41 and the lower gate electrode 42 are removed as impurities by the ion doping method. Nion was injected. As a result, in the regions 152 and 162 covered by the lower gate electrode 42, most of the ions are captured by the lower gate electrode, so that Only a low concentration is implanted into the lin ion, which results in an LDD region (N-layer). Regions 150 and 160 that are not covered by the lower gate electrode 42 become N + layers in which linions are implanted at a high concentration. In addition, the region 170 covered by the upper gate electrode 41 and the lower gate electrode is a channel region in which no ion is implanted at all. As a result, LDD type TFTs were naturally formed.
- a Si02 film 2 having a thickness of 400 nm was deposited as an interlayer insulating film. Subsequently, contact holes were opened in the interlayer insulating film and the gate insulating film. Then, after the A1 film was deposited in the contact hole region by the snow ring method and the contact hole region, it was shaped into a predetermined shape. Then, a source electrode and a drain electrode were formed. However, since these are the same as the previous embodiment, illustrations and the like are omitted.
- This embodiment is a further simplification of the method for forming the gate electrode of the previous embodiment.
- the upper and lower gate electrodes 41 and 42 were formed by etching the upper and lower gate electrode films using a fluorine-based gas. -In this state, there is no protrusion between the upper and lower gate electrodes.
- anodizing solution a 0.1 M aqueous solution of oxalic acid was used.
- the voltage is 15 V.
- An oxide film of 30 nm is formed on the side of the lower gate electrode and an oxide film of about 1 ⁇ m is formed on the side of the upper gate electrode in about 1 hour. It was done. .
- LDD-TFT was formed in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.
- Figure 25 shows the voltage / current characteristics of the TFT manufactured by the above method.
- line L1 is the TFT characteristic of the conventional LDD
- line L2 is the characteristic of the conventional structure (non LDD structure).
- Line L3 is the voltage / current characteristic of TFT of the present embodiment.
- the off-current can be reduced in the conventional TFT by using the LDD structure.
- the on-state current is reduced by adopting the LDD structure.
- the off current can be reduced and the on current does not decrease. That is, in the TFT of the present embodiment, since the high-resistance LDD region is located immediately below the gate electrode, both the LDD region and the channel region in the saturated region and the unsaturated region. The on-current does not decrease because electrons, which are carriers, accumulate in the battery.
- FIG. 26 shows a liquid crystal display device using the TFT of the present embodiment.
- the switching TFT and the pixel in the form (1) are basically the same as those shown in FIG.
- the lower portions 52 and 62 of the source electrode and the drain electrode are formed by silicon and silicon so that the electric resistance at the interface is reduced by T i.
- the upper electrodes 51 and 61 are made of aluminum with low electric resistance, and are reflective display devices. Therefore, the pixel electrode 11 is made of aluminum. You Furthermore, in an actual use state, an alignment film which also functions as insulation of the source electrode 5, the drain electrode 6, and the pixel electrode 11 and alignment of the liquid crystal is formed on the upper part thereof. .
- the upper gate electrode 41 is formed by patterning using the register 13.
- Impurities are implanted using the upper and lower gate electrodes as implantation masks.
- a liquid crystal panel drive circuit may be manufactured on a glass substrate by manufacturing a C-MOS inverter circuit or the like constituted by a similar TFT. .
- boron ions are implanted in the same steps as in the above manufacturing method.
- a p-channel TFT can be manufactured.
- the gate electrode of the lower part 42 is connected to the source electrode side by photolithography. Only the upper part of the gate electrode 43 of about l to 2 ⁇ m protrudes. Then, as shown in (b) of FIG. 28, an impurity ion is implanted from under the substrate from below the substrate. As a result, an LDD semiconductor element is obtained on only one side.
- the present embodiment utilizes the oxidation of the gate electrode metal. Except for magnesium, which burns explosively in the case, and metals that do not passivate, many metals, such as iron, usually have constant temperature, pressure, etc. Below, it oxidizes at a constant rate (for example, disposable gyros use this phenomenon or law). Also, in general, when a metal is oxidized, its density decreases, and its volume further increases.
- the gate electrode 4 is formed using iron or the like as a material.
- the upper and side surfaces of the gate electrode are oxidized by a certain amount, and a metal oxide film having a thickness of about 0.5 to 01 is formed as the upper gate electrode 43 (exactly, the upper implantation electrode 43). (Only as a sock). Along with the formation of the metal oxide film, the metal oxide film protrudes to the source one electrode side and the drain electrode side of the gate electrode.
- the LDD type—TFT is manufactured in the same procedure as in the previous embodiment.
- the gate metal material is iron, but this may be aluminum, chromium, or an alloy thereof.
- passivation is often formed, but in this case, the oxide film thickness is naturally constant. Also, depending on the case, removal of oxides will often not be necessary.
- an aluminum layer may be further provided on the upper surface after the impurity is implanted.
- the upper portion of the gate electrode is formed of a high-density metal such as W
- the lower portion is formed of a low-resistance metal such as aluminum, and both are simultaneously or separately oxidized with a liquid or electricity. You may let it.
- a high-density metal such as W at the upper part blocks the permeation of hydrogen, and a lower resistance is obtained by a lower-resistance metal such as aluminum at the lower part.
- GO DD type TFT without LD structure can be obtained.
- the gate insulating film except for the lower part of the gate electrode is formed prior to the impurity implantation for forming the LDD type TFT of the first invention group and the second invention group. Is once removed.
- the acceleration voltage at the time of implanting the impurities must be increased by that much, but this causes the hydrogen for impurity dilution to be increased. It is accelerated excessively, penetrates as a mask to the heavy gate electrode, and adversely affects the semiconductor in the channel region below the gate electrode.
- the gate insulating film excluding the portion immediately below the gate electrode is removed in advance at the time of impurity implantation.
- the upper electrode slightly protrudes toward the source electrode side and the drain electrode side of the lower electrode, or conversely, as shown in the figure, the lower electrode 42 is on both sides of the upper electrode 43.
- a gate electrode that is slightly extruded is formed.
- LDD type TFT is manufactured in the same procedure as in the other embodiments.
- This embodiment is similar to the third to second embodiments, but uses a gate insulating film to form the LDD region.
- a gate electrode 4 is formed on a gate insulating film 2.
- the gate insulating film is removed except for a portion that protrudes by about 0.3 to l / m, but this may oxidize the gate electrode 4 or remove the metal.
- the gate electrode in this state is connected to an etching mask. Then, the insulating film is removed by etching, and furthermore, the oxide and the adhesion film attached to the gate electrode are removed.
- LDD type TFT is manufactured in the same procedure as in the other embodiments.
- the Ti film is previously formed on the bare p-Si film to prevent hydrogen from entering. It is a film that has been formed.
- H 2 when impurities are implanted, H 2 is used for dilution. Because of this, the highly accelerated hydrogen ion due to its small mass can be rapidly and deeply implanted into the semiconductor layer due to its small diameter. As a result, this adversely affects the performance of the semiconductor.
- the formation of a non-equilibrium Ti layer prevents the intrusion of hydrogen into the semiconductor layer as much as possible, and the same silicon-based material as that of the semiconductor layer when forming the source and drain electrodes.
- a Ti film 18 is formed on the entire surface.
- Impurity ions are implanted from above.
- the Ti film is removed except for the portions 52 and 62 which will be the lower portions (including a few peripheral portions) of the source electrode and the drain electrode.
- a contact hole 9 is formed at a position where a source electrode and a drain electrode are formed.
- the Ti film or layer left in (e) is a p-Si surface portion formed by reacting with silicon by heat treatment after this Ti is implanted. The unreacted Ti on the titanium silicide film and the upper portion thereof becomes an etching stopper.
- a Ti silicide is formed at the lower end of the source electrode and the drain electrode by a reaction with p-Si, thereby forming a Si silicide.
- the electrical contact at the interface between the silicon layer and the Ti silicide layer is improved.
- the electrical contact between the Ti silicide and Ti is good at the interface, and the interface between the upper part of the Ti layer and the aluminum is also the same metal. Good contact is good.
- the acceleration voltage is low due to the absence of the gate insulating film, and on the other hand, the Ti layer absorbs hydrogen. Pain and little penetration of hydrogen into the p-Si layer.
- the contact hole is formed by etching the insulating film. Even if no special precautions are taken when drilling, the drilling will stop at that point and the depth will be accurate. As a result, there is no need for a margin for the etching depth in the thickness of the p-Si layer, and the contact of the p-Si layer with a source electrode or the like is not uniform. The connection disappears. This resulted in an exceptionally superior LDD-type TFT.
- This embodiment relates to a semiconductor element having a pottom gate type LDD structure.
- a gate electrode 4 On a substrate 10, a gate electrode 4, a gate insulating film 2, and a p-Si layer 1 are formed.
- a contact hole is formed, and a source electrode and a drain electrode are formed.
- a Ti film is further formed in a state where the upper and lower masks are formed without forming the interlayer insulating film, and the source electrode is formed after the impurity is implanted.
- the lower end of the drain electrode does not remove the Ti film, and this may be used as an etching stopper when forming a contact hole.
- the gate already formed on the glass substrate is used. It uses electrodes.
- Gate insulating film 2, p-Si layer is formed in this order.
- a photosensitive resin layer 49 is formed on the substrate.
- the photosensitive resin is exposed from the back of the substrate by irradiating light, ultraviolet rays or X-rays using the gate electrode as a mask.
- the substrate is about 48 cm square and its thickness is at most 1 mm. Therefore, irrespective of the position of the gate electrode on the substrate, only the portion of the resin immediately above the gate electrode on the substrate is exposed.
- a conductive photosensitive resin (currently, a mixture of both resins) is used, and only the unexposed portion of the gate electrode is exposed to the resin. It may be left as an embedded mask, and it may take a little more time on its side, but it is also possible to attach a metal and use it as a mask for LDD formation.
- the gate electrode is formed of a multilayer having at least one silicide layer.
- Fig. 33 shows the case of a silicide gate electrode
- e shows the case of a metal electrode 414 on the upper side and a silicide electrode 413 on the lower side. is there .
- the lower aluminum electrode is wrapped with a concave upper silicide electrode and a glass substrate facing downward to prevent the occurrence of hillocks. It may be good.
- the group of the present invention is the first to fourth except that the LDD is not an LDD, and therefore one of the upper and lower gate electrodes does not have a protruding portion toward the other. It is the same as the group of the present invention. For this reason, a description using a special drawing for the purpose is omitted.
- the upper gate metal 43 and the lower gate metal 42 in (a) to (e) of Fig. 30 are different from this figure in the channel direction length. As shown in Fig. 23 (b), 13 and 41, just as in Fig. 23 (b), so that there is no protruding part, It is formed . At this time, one of the upper gate metal 43 and the lower gate metal 42 is an aluminum alloy having a small electric resistance, and the other is a metal having a large mask effect on hydrogen. It is a English language.
- the implantation voltage may be lower by that amount, resulting in an excellent TFT.
- a plurality of types of LDD type TFTs having different characteristics are formed on a substrate.
- LDD type TFTs are different between the drive circuit section and the pixels of the liquid crystal display device, etc. It is necessary to form an LDD-type TFT having the following characteristics.
- the dimensions of the semiconductor device, the length of the channel region, etc. are based on the dimensions of the mask holes in the photo-song graph. O good o
- the plating time, voltage, voltage, The type of metal to be changed varies according to the location on the substrate.
- Fig. 35 conceptually shows some of these situations.
- (a) is the case where the voltage is changed depending on the place
- (b) is the case where the time is changed depending on the place using the timer switch. .
- the concentration of the plating solution and the type of metal may be changed for each location.
- the length of the LDD section is different, the ability as a mask at the time of impurity implantation can be almost the same.
- an LDD type TFT having characteristics corresponding to the formation position on the substrate is formed in the same manner as in the previous embodiment, but as a means therefor, an impurity is implanted. Later, the gate electrode just above the LDD part is removed.
- an LDD semiconductor TFT is formed on a substrate 10.
- the resist layer 1310 is formed only on the portion where the protruding portion is not removed.
- the upper or lower electrode is connected to the other electrode in order to change a predetermined amount of protrusion of the upper or lower gate electrode depending on the location.
- the dimensions of the holes in the mask for the photo-song graph used to extrude and form are changed depending on the location.
- the mask holes of the photolithography are adapted from the beginning to the formation of the LDD type TFT corresponding to the location on the substrate.
- a mask and a method of manufacturing an element using such a mask are not fundamentally different from those already described.
- the explanation is omitted. Also, since the structure is not particularly complicated, illustration is omitted.
- the present invention has been described based on some embodiments, but it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. That is, for example, the following may be performed.
- liquid crystal display devices other than liquid crystal display devices such as liquid crystal television receivers and word processors, for example, EL displays.
- Si—Ge, Si—Ge—C, etc. are used as semiconductor materials.
- a metal thin film is provided on the non-uniform amorphous silicon layer (b) in the channel region.
- impurity ions are implanted, and then the silicon is formed by a chemical reaction between the amorphous silicon and the metal thin film.
- the substrate is heated for about 20 minutes at 550 ° C. (up to 650 ° C.) for both the formation of the oxide layer and the heat treatment of the polysilicon. Yes.
- a silicide film is formed in place of the amorphous silicon of (a), and the same as in (b). Turned, and a metal film is extruded on this to cover the silicide completely. Form. Thereafter, the impurity is implanted without going through the step (c).
- any of the gate electrode films also serves as the formation of a reflector, a pixel electrode, and the like.
- the semiconductor layer is made as thin as possible, and the insulating film is made of a translucent resin. We try not to use electromagnetic waves of much shorter wavelength.
- the upper and lower electrodes are the same length in the channel direction, and the GOLD structure is also used. Is no longer built.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As can be seen from the above description, according to the present invention, it has an LDD structure, and has a source region, a low-concentration impurity region, and a channel region. Thus, a thin film transistor capable of forming a drain region in a self-aligned manner can be realized. Thus, the OFF current can be reduced, and the decrease of the ON current can be suppressed. In addition, since it has a self-aligned structure, the parasitic capacitance can be reduced, and thus miniaturization is possible.
- the present invention is also applied to a potato gate type semiconductor device.
- an excellent semiconductor device can be obtained without having the LDD structure.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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KR1020007012368A KR20010043359A (ko) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-03-09 | 박막 트랜지스터와 패널 및 그들의 제조 방법 |
US09/700,132 US6624473B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-03-09 | Thin-film transistor, panel, and methods for producing them |
GB0027543A GB2354882B (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-03-09 | Thin film transistor panel and their manufacturing method |
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JP6276799 | 1999-03-10 | ||
JP11/62767 | 1999-03-10 | ||
JP8005199 | 1999-03-24 | ||
JP11/80051 | 1999-03-24 | ||
JP11/83316 | 1999-03-26 | ||
JP11/83314 | 1999-03-26 | ||
JP8331999 | 1999-03-26 | ||
JP11/83319 | 1999-03-26 | ||
JP8331699 | 1999-03-26 | ||
JP8331499 | 1999-03-26 |
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US09/700,132 A-371-Of-International US6624473B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-03-09 | Thin-film transistor, panel, and methods for producing them |
US10/608,000 Division US6812490B2 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2003-06-30 | Thin-film transistor, panel, and methods for producing them |
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WO2000054339A1 true WO2000054339A1 (fr) | 2000-09-14 |
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US (2) | US6624473B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20010043359A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1296643A (ja) |
GB (2) | GB2354882B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW451494B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2000054339A1 (ja) |
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WO2004093198A1 (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-28 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Methods to form metal lines using selective electrochemical deposition |
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CN114613854A (zh) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-06-10 | 上海天马微电子有限公司 | 阵列基板及其制作方法、显示面板 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2354882A (en) | 2001-04-04 |
GB0027543D0 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
CN1296643A (zh) | 2001-05-23 |
KR20010043359A (ko) | 2001-05-25 |
US6812490B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 |
US20040089878A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
US6624473B1 (en) | 2003-09-23 |
GB2354882B (en) | 2004-06-02 |
TW451494B (en) | 2001-08-21 |
GB0408374D0 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
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