WO1996033371A1 - Grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procede de refroidissement - Google Patents

Grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procede de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996033371A1
WO1996033371A1 PCT/DE1995/000525 DE9500525W WO9633371A1 WO 1996033371 A1 WO1996033371 A1 WO 1996033371A1 DE 9500525 W DE9500525 W DE 9500525W WO 9633371 A1 WO9633371 A1 WO 9633371A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grate
inlet
bar
bars
incinerators
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1995/000525
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Günther MAYER
Wolfram Schnabel
Holger Kleen
Original Assignee
Noell-Krc Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6918200&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO1996033371(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Noell-Krc Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh filed Critical Noell-Krc Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh
Priority to PCT/DE1995/000525 priority Critical patent/WO1996033371A1/fr
Priority to JP53138696A priority patent/JP3285874B2/ja
Publication of WO1996033371A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996033371A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
    • F23H1/02—Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form a part of the grate structure or serve as supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grate with cooling device and a method for cooling for incinerators, in particular
  • a grate for incinerators is usually formed by rows of grate bars that lie one above the other and extend transversely to the transport direction of the firing material.
  • Grate firing is also used as a tried and tested apparatus for domestic waste incineration.
  • the individual grids are covered with grate bars. These have the task of transporting the garbage, mixing (so-called stoking) and taking over the burnout.
  • the processes of drying, preheating, degassing, gasification and C-burnout take place in succession on the grate and thus the grate bars.
  • the grate bars of the grate are provided with openings (slots, gaps, holes, etc.) through which combustion air is blown.
  • the grids are particularly stressed by mechanical abrasion as well as thermal and chemical wear. Corresponding wear leads to changes in the fire control, the burn-out qualities and ultimately to business interruptions.
  • the wear of the grids is essentially temperature-dependent.
  • part of the supplied combustion air - so-called primary air - is used to cool the grate bars.
  • the cooling effect depends primarily on the amount of air.
  • the remaining part is added as secondary air for further combustion of the gases in the combustion chamber.
  • the grate temperatures increase, on the one hand due to more intensive combustion, but on the other hand also due to lower air volumes under the grate (decreasing cooling effect).
  • the high calorific value causes a redistribution of the entire combustion air in such a way that a higher proportion is required in the combustion chamber for the combustion of the gases.
  • the invention is based on the problem of creating a grate that is wear-resistant when burning high-calorific materials, does not change its shape, and thus does not change the combustion behavior as well as the transport and mixing behavior in the furnace.
  • good emergency running properties such. B. in the event of water failure and a relatively low heating of the water to less than 100 degrees Celsius, preferably to less than 50 degrees Celsius, if water is used as the cooling medium.
  • steam formation is to be effectively prevented.
  • a closed, overpressure-operated cooling device is arranged on the grate according to the invention, which advantageously prevents the formation of steam within the cooling circuit and thus also within individual grate bars or grates.
  • This cooling system advantageously consists of an expansion or compensation vessel (32), the cooled grate bars (34), a recooler (35) as well as a pump (36) or compressor and a connection (31) for filling or emptying the cooling system together with a pressure control valve (33).
  • the cooling medium When using water, the cooling medium is operated in a cooling system under excess pressure, preferably between 1 and 6 bar. This avoids the formation of steam and z. B. prevents a two-phase flow or formation of "steam cushion" with corresponding poor heat transfer.
  • the inlet and outlet openings for the coolant are arranged at the base of the grate bar of the grate in the area of the grate bar support. As a result, the cooling medium in the grate bar and the cooling lines are guided more favorably.
  • a special design of the grate for incinerators is characterized in that the inlet and outlet openings of all grate bars are connected in parallel with a main inlet line and a main outlet line. The same cooling effect is achieved for all grate bars. For each grate bar there is essentially the same temperature distribution (assuming the same heat load), so that each grate bar also has approximately the same temperature-related expansion.
  • a plurality of grate bars of a grate lying side by side in the direction of the grate width can also be connected to one another in series, so that, for example, an adapted cooling effect of the grate bars is achieved in adaptation to the different heat loads in the middle and edge regions of the grate.
  • the first, sixth and eleventh grate bars are connected to the main feed line with their inlet opening.
  • the fifth, tenth and fourteenth grate bars are connected to the main drain line with their drain opening.
  • the remaining drain or inlet openings of adjacent grate bars are interconnected. In particular, it is provided to cool both the fixed rows of grate bars and the moving rows of grate bars.
  • valves arranged for supplying or removing a further cooling medium, in particular air, and for interrupting the main inlet or outlet line.
  • Air outlet openings for combustion air are further preferably arranged in the head part of the grate bar of the grate. This further improves the cooling of the grate bar.
  • recesses for the exit of combustion air are also arranged in the long sides of the grate bar in order to improve the cooling.
  • the grate bar of a grate with a cooling device in the grate bar has at least one channel for guiding cooling water, essentially in the longitudinal direction of the grate bar. Since the longitudinal direction of the grate bar corresponds to the material feed device, particularly good cooling of the individual grate bars is thereby achieved. By cooling each individual grate bar, the heating of the cooling medium can be kept relatively low. This increases the operational reliability of the cooling and the service life of the grates or cooling system. Water is preferably used as the cooling medium. Other, higher-boiling cooling media can also be used for special applications.
  • the channel arranged in the grate bar of the grate preferably has two, essentially parallel sections with opposite flow directions, these being connected to a deflection arranged in the head region of the grate bar.
  • the sections of the channel with the opposite flow direction can lie side by side or one above the other in the horizontal or vertical plane.
  • the Channels are fluidically optimized with regard to the heat to be removed, so that the heating of the cooling liquid is not more than about 50 degrees Celsius, preferably about 20 degrees Celsius. In particular in the case of sections of the cooling channel lying approximately one above the other, these can have different cross-sectional shapes and areas.
  • the deflection arranged in the head region of the grate bar can lie in the plane that passes through the central axes of the approximately parallel sections of the cooling channel.
  • the deflection is preferably guided into the area of the edge of the grate bar head resting on an adjacent row of grate bars. It is approximately U-shaped in the area of the grate bar head.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of the grate bar side as part of a grate
  • Figure 2 is a flow diagram of a grate, in which valves for supplying and removing a further cooling medium are arranged.
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the cooling system with which the grate bars or grate are cooled.
  • the grate bar 1 shows a grate bar 1 as part of a grate with grate bar support 2 in the area of the grate bar foot 3.
  • the grate bar head 4 lies with the edge 5 on a grate bar of an adjacent row of grate bars.
  • the grate bar is made of cast iron. It has a channel 6 which has approximately parallel sections (one behind the other in FIG. 1). These parallel sections are connected to one another by a deflection 7 in the area of the grate bar head 4.
  • the channel 6 is provided with inlet and outlet openings 8. These inlet and outlet openings are preferably attached directly to the foot end of the channel 6 Air outlet openings are provided in the grate bar head 4 between and next to the legs of the U-shaped deflection 7 (not shown).
  • FIG. 1 A flow diagram of a grate is shown in FIG.
  • Valves are located between the main inlet 10 and the main outlet line 11 of a cooling medium, in particular water, and the inlet 12 and outlet opening 13 of the first 14 and last 15 grate bars of each grate bar row, the inlet and outlet openings of the individual grate bars being connected to one another in series arranged for the supply 16 or discharge 17 of a further cooling medium, in particular air, and for interrupting the main inlet 18 or the main outlet line 19.
  • the second cooling medium is supplied via the main feed line 20 or main discharge line 21.
  • the arrow 22 indicates a preferred direction of waste flow.
  • the grate according to the invention has the advantage that the grate bars can be used without further modification of the incinerator. It therefore remains with the previous combustion technology.
  • the mechanical transport and mixing behavior (forward / return stroke) also remain unchanged. This applies to both the weight and the stroke length and so on.
  • the grate is also extremely wear-resistant, as the grate bars are made of cast iron as before. Therefore, the grate according to the invention also has excellent emergency running properties in the event of malfunctions, for example in the event of water failure.
  • the grate bars and the grate preferably have the shape known hitherto, the width of the grate bars being approximately doubled, so that in one half, that is to say the grate bar width which has been customary hitherto, the cooling water is conducted forward to the head and in the second Half is returned.
  • the parallel channel sections have a clear height of approximately 15 to 25 mm and a clear width of approximately 40 to 60 mm.
  • the flow rate is between 0.5 and 2 m per second.
  • the temperature of the grate bar is approximately 100 degrees Celsius in the middle between the head and foot area. This prevents corrosion due to condensation. A temperature of about 150 degrees Celsius is maintained in the area of the head part, so that there is no disadvantage with regard to the burnout behavior.
  • the grids or the grate bars are integrated and operated in a closed, water-cooled cooling system which is under pressure.
  • the temperature of the water is, for example, 90 ° C., which can, however, be increased to 120 ° C., and the system pressure is 1 to 6 bar, preferably 5 bar.
  • the cooling system pressure is advantageously set by means of a compressor which conveys air into the outer space of an expansion vessel or compensation vessel, which is separated from the water side by a bubble.
  • the system pressure in the cooling water circuit is set via an expansion automat integrated in the expansion tank.
  • a contact manometer starts the expansion machine's compressor as soon as a lower limit pressure is reached in the system.
  • the compressor is switched off as soon as the pressure reaches an upper limit. If an adjustable upper limit pressure value is exceeded, e.g. B. 6 bar, air is blown off via a valve.
  • the two switching points are preferably adjustable between 1.0 and 6.0 bar.
  • the separation of air which is located within the expandable bladder, advantageously prevents the cooling water from absorbing oxygen and thus promoting corrosion on the grate bars.
  • FIG. 3 the diagram of a cooling device is shown.
  • Water is fed into the cooling device through the connection 31, the pressure control valve 33 protecting the system against pressures at the grate inlet above 2 bar.
  • the pump 36 conveys the water through one or more grate bars or grate 34 and the cooling device.
  • the expansion or compensation vessel 32 is provided with a level measuring device, with the aid of which fresh water is automatically fed into the system when the temperature falls below a lower limit and at the same time a message is sent to the control room.
  • the water supply is automatically interrupted when an upper limit level is reached. Due to the frequency of reporting to the control room via the water feed, leaks in the system can be identified, so that appropriate measures can be initiated.
  • Each grate bar or row of grate bars can be locked separately.
  • a water mass flow measuring device 37, a temperature measuring device 38, 39 and a cooling system pressure measuring device 40 are provided.
  • the fan 41 cools the recooler 35.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un barreau de grille et une grille avec un dispositif de refroidissement pour fours d'incinération, notamment d'installations d'incinération de déchets. Les grilles sont particulièrement sollicitées par l'usure mécanique, ainsi que par l'usure thermique et chimique, qui entraînent des changements dans le guidage de la flamme, une altération des qualités d'incinération et en fin de compte des interruptions de fonctionnement. L'usure des barreaux de la grille dépend sensiblement de la température. Un dispositif fermé de refroidissement fonctionnent sous surpression est monté sur la grille décrite. Ce système de refroidissement comprend une cuve d'expansion (32), les barreaux refroidis (34) de la grille, un réfrigérant de retour (35), une pompe (36) ou compresseur et un raccordement (31) de remplissage et de vidage du système de refroidissement, outre une soupape de régulation de pression.
PCT/DE1995/000525 1995-04-21 1995-04-21 Grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procede de refroidissement WO1996033371A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE1995/000525 WO1996033371A1 (fr) 1995-04-21 1995-04-21 Grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procede de refroidissement
JP53138696A JP3285874B2 (ja) 1995-04-21 1995-04-21 冷却装置を備えた火格子及び冷却法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE1995/000525 WO1996033371A1 (fr) 1995-04-21 1995-04-21 Grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procede de refroidissement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996033371A1 true WO1996033371A1 (fr) 1996-10-24

Family

ID=6918200

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1995/000525 WO1996033371A1 (fr) 1995-04-21 1995-04-21 Grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procede de refroidissement

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3285874B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996033371A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0811803A3 (fr) * 1996-06-04 1999-03-31 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Elément de grille et grille avec refroidissement à liquide
WO1999032830A1 (fr) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-01 Theodor Koch Barreau de grille pour grille de combustion et procede pour son refroidissement

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5422291B2 (ja) * 2009-07-30 2014-02-19 株式会社タクマ 水冷式ストーカ炉

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR739654A (fr) * 1900-01-01
DE808263C (de) * 1948-10-02 1951-07-12 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Selbstfoerdernder, wassergekuehlter Planrost
EP0071681A1 (fr) * 1981-08-10 1983-02-16 Calvin H. Hand Brûleur à biomasse
JPH02106613A (ja) * 1988-10-13 1990-04-18 Hitachi Zosen Corp 焼却炉の火格子構造
WO1994018502A1 (fr) * 1993-02-12 1994-08-18 Ostlie L David Grille de refroidissement a tubes empiles et systeme thermique d'une centrale electrique
DE9416320U1 (de) * 1994-01-14 1995-01-12 Noell Abfall- Und Energietechnik Gmbh, 41464 Neuss Reststab und Rest mit Kühleinrichtung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR739654A (fr) * 1900-01-01
DE808263C (de) * 1948-10-02 1951-07-12 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Selbstfoerdernder, wassergekuehlter Planrost
EP0071681A1 (fr) * 1981-08-10 1983-02-16 Calvin H. Hand Brûleur à biomasse
JPH02106613A (ja) * 1988-10-13 1990-04-18 Hitachi Zosen Corp 焼却炉の火格子構造
WO1994018502A1 (fr) * 1993-02-12 1994-08-18 Ostlie L David Grille de refroidissement a tubes empiles et systeme thermique d'une centrale electrique
DE9416320U1 (de) * 1994-01-14 1995-01-12 Noell Abfall- Und Energietechnik Gmbh, 41464 Neuss Reststab und Rest mit Kühleinrichtung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 14, no. 319 (M - 0996) 9 July 1990 (1990-07-09) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0811803A3 (fr) * 1996-06-04 1999-03-31 MARTIN GmbH für Umwelt- und Energietechnik Elément de grille et grille avec refroidissement à liquide
WO1999032830A1 (fr) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-01 Theodor Koch Barreau de grille pour grille de combustion et procede pour son refroidissement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10504890A (ja) 1998-05-12
JP3285874B2 (ja) 2002-05-27

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