EP0071681A1 - Brûleur à biomasse - Google Patents

Brûleur à biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0071681A1
EP0071681A1 EP19810303644 EP81303644A EP0071681A1 EP 0071681 A1 EP0071681 A1 EP 0071681A1 EP 19810303644 EP19810303644 EP 19810303644 EP 81303644 A EP81303644 A EP 81303644A EP 0071681 A1 EP0071681 A1 EP 0071681A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
combustion
grate
air
manifold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP19810303644
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Calvin H. Hand
David J. Hand
John A. Careatti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP19810303644 priority Critical patent/EP0071681A1/fr
Publication of EP0071681A1 publication Critical patent/EP0071681A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/38—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel on a grate or other fuel support
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a bio-mass burner construction provided with a unique grate structure which permits substantially smokeless operation and, more particularly, to such a burner and method of operation which will solve many of the current energy problems brought about especially by the rapid rise in the price of fuel oil.
  • the present invention utilizes a bio-mass fuel product which may be varied substantially in size, moisture content and heat content.
  • Sawdust for example, makes an excellent fuel and has been burned quite successfully in the burner of the present invention.
  • Many other fuel products such as wood chips, wood pellets and pulverized coal may be used.
  • All sorts of agricultural products normally deemed to be waste products, may be used. For example, shredded corn stalks, shredded straw, shredded soy bean stems, shredded tobacco stems and hulls, and peanut hulls may be used just to mention a few. The reason for shredding these agricultural products is to make them easier to feed continuously on demand to the burner of the present invention.
  • biomass is used to describe these readily available biologically oriented and derived fuel products.
  • the invention is deemed to be applicable to all known solid fuels necessitating only accommodating changes in feeding the product to the burning chamber and supporting it therein for combustion.
  • the present invention contemplates that the bio-mass fuel product will be fed substantially continuously on demand to the burner.
  • the controls necessary to start and stop the feeding, to start and stop the sources of primary and secondary air and to start and stop any auxiliary heating means are all deemed to be conventional, within the known state of the art, and do not form a part of the present invention.
  • air is used herein merely to indicate a source of oxygen which will support combustion and is to be construed in its broadest context so as not to exclude the metering of gases, including oxygen, which will support combustion.
  • a bio-mass fuel product as previously defined is fed continuously on demand to the top of a first combustion chamber where it is directed by baffle means toward a novel grate structure.
  • the grate itself has crisscrossed tubular members extending between opposing manifolds so as to support the fuel product.
  • an auxiliary or supplemental grate in the form of expanded metal may be used to insure containment of the fuel for combustion.
  • Means are employed for supplying primary air under pressure to the underside of the grate means so as to support combustion within the first combustion chamber.
  • a unique application of a venturi tube is employed to receive secondary air which is supplied to the hollow grate structure and to direct the secondary air into a secondary burning chamber. This secondary air is superheated by the time it reaches the second combustion chamber after passing through the hollow nonporous tortuous path of the grate means.
  • Auxiliary means may be employed to preheat the grate bringing it up to temperature so that ignition occurs in the first and second combustion chambers without producing any substantial quantity of smoke at the outlet stack.
  • the venturi tube means cooperates with the baffle structure to create a decrease in pressure beneath the baffle arrangement whereby any as yet unburned products of combustion are directed into the secondary burning chamber.
  • the fuel product is fed by any suitable means substantially continuously on demand into the top of the first burning chamber and the rate of combustion equals the rate of feed of the fuel product.
  • Additional steps of the method invention include the superheating of the secondary source of air in the first combustion chamber, positioning baffle means for redirecting the fuel product toward the grate structure and for impeding the flow of smoke from the first combustion chamber, passing the secondary air through the hollow, nonporous grate structure, and using a venturi tube which is in fluid communication with the outlet of the hollow grate structure in order to establish the flow of unburned products of combustion from the first combustion chamber to the second combustion chamber.
  • a burner is indicated generally at 10 which provides a first combustion chamber 12 for a bio-mass fuel product.
  • Hollow grate means are suitably supported within the first combustion chamber 12 and designated generally by the numeral 14.
  • the burner 10 is illustrated to have an open top 16 through which the fuel product may be supplied by gravity feed.
  • the chamber 12 has opposed side walls 18 and a bottom 20.
  • baffle means 22, 24 Adjacent the top of the combustion chamber 12 are downwardly and inwardly projecting baffle means 22, 24. These baffle means direct a fuel product which is supplied to the burner by any suitable means, preferably continuously on demand, toward the grate structure 14.
  • the grate structure 14 comprises a first manifold 26 which is supplied with air under pressure from a fan 28 located exteriorly of the burner 10.
  • a first set of tubes 30 extend upwardly and transversely to a second manifold 32 which is adjacent an opposed side wall 18.
  • a second set of tubes 34 extend transversely in the reverse direction and upwardly in fluid communication with a third manifold 36 which is preferably located above the first manifold 26.
  • a venturi tube 38 in fluid communication with the third manifold extends upwardly and has an end portion thereof 40 which extends into an outlet tube 50.
  • a supplemental grate 42 When the fuel product is sufficiently pulverized or comminuted so as to sift between the spaces of adjacent tubes 30, 34 of the grate structure 14, it is desirable to use a supplemental grate 42 to contain the fuel for combustion.
  • One such supplemental grate 42 was made from expanded metal.
  • a source of primary air is supplied under pressure by means of a fan 44 with the quantity of air being varied by the setting of suitable valve means 46.
  • the outlet tube 50 which defines at least the beginning of a secondary combustion chamber or zone is attached to the wall 18 so as to align an aperture in the wall 18 with the diameter of the outlet tube 50.
  • An inner flange 52 facilitates bolting of the outlet tube to the burner 10.
  • the outlet tube 50 is further provided with an outer flange 54. which is conveniently bolted onto another burning chamber such as is shown at 78 in Fig. 7.
  • an insulation material 56 such as Kaowool. Any suitable insulation material can be used to be certain that the burner retains its heat and this insures that the fuel product will burn. Also in the first working model a single fan with two outlets was used in place of fans 28, 44.
  • the grate construction 14 in these figures is preferably made from rectangularly- shaped manifolds such as are shown at 26a, 32a, and 36a.
  • the sets of tubes 30, 34 remain circular in cross section and provide the desired tortuous path from the source of secondary air provided by fan 28 leading from the first manifold 26a through the second manifold 32a via the set of tubes 30 and then back to the third manifold 36a by means of the set of tubes 34. This arrangement is most clearly illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • a pre-heater or auxiliary burner 60 is employed with suitable controls 62 to recycle the auxiliary burner and start it and stop it as desired.
  • the use of controls 62 may include cadmium cells or the like which sense whether or not there is a flame in the grate structure 14 and if so the auxiliary or pre-heater burner is turned off.
  • an oil burner it may have as small a tank as five gallons to work satisfactorily for this purpose.
  • Other fuels can be used in place of an oil burner and they include methane, propane, ethane, natural gas and others. However, propane may tend to accumulate in the bottom of the burner 10 and is not preferred.
  • inside insulation also in the form of Kaowool is shown at 64 and a metal covering is shown at 66.
  • the exterior of the unit is also insulated again with Kaowool at 56 and a sheet metal trim 68 is used for a more pleasing appearance.
  • a ceramic lining 51 or stainless steel or other non-reactive lining may be used to line outlet tube 50.
  • a fuel product is preferably fed continuously on demand from a source of fuel such as from a hopper or bin 70 illustrated in Fig. 6 onto a suitable feeding means with fuel product being shown at 72.
  • a conveyor 74 is illustrated with a suitable drive means 76 for the sprockets of the conveyor.
  • Such a device was actually used in the original model; however, a screw feed device or any other suitable feed means may be employed.
  • fuel 72 is fed substantially continuously on demand from a bin 70 by means of feed means 74 until the fuel falls by gravity into the top of burner 10 directed by baffle means 22, 24 onto the grate structure 14.
  • feed means 74 for feeding substantially continuously on demand from a bin 70 by means of feed means 74 until the fuel falls by gravity into the top of burner 10 directed by baffle means 22, 24 onto the grate structure 14.
  • the crisscross arrangement of the sets of tubular members 30, 34 together with any auxiliary grate as needed contains the fuel product in a first combustion zone within the burner 10.
  • Primary air is supplied under pressure by means of fan 44 to the underside of grate 14 and secondary air is supplied by means of fan 28 to the first manifold 26 then transversely through the first set of tubes 30 to a second manifold 32, then through the second set of tubes 34 to a third manifold 36, and then finally through the venturi tube 38 which has its outlet 40 directed toward the second combustion zone-which begins in the outlet tube 50 and may continue in an expanded chamber such as the chamber provided by an oil burner such as is shown at 78 in FIg. 7. That is to say, the present invention may also be used to retrofit existing oil burner constructions by simply taking out the fuel nozzle arrangement in the burner construction and attaching the outlet tube 50 thereto with the aid of flange 54.
  • Ignition temperatures for bio-mass fuel products having a lower ignition range of 450°F. to 500°F. up to about 800°F., principally depending upon the amount of moisture content, must be reached to permit full combustion of the bio-mass fuel product. When this occurs, there is a roar-like sound emitted from the burner construction.
  • Fig. 7 an oil burner is illustrated at 78 without the burner nozzle employed and the unit of Figs. 3 - 5 bolted thereto.
  • the oil burner is shown with a suitable stack means 80.
  • the fan 28 supplies secondary air to a coil 82 which is spirally wound around the inside of the outlet tube 50, and connected to the venturi tube 38 whose outlet 40 is directed toward the second combustion zone.
  • the heat of combustion of the products passing through the outlet tube 50 is used to superheat the air within coil 82.
  • a conventional grate 14a is employed with the fan 44 providing primary air to the conventional grate 14a. While it is possible to wind coil 82 exteriorly of outlet tube 50 and to have it connected in fluid communication with venturi tube 38, this modification is less efficient than that shown.
  • a suitable access to ashes may be provided such as a door 84.
  • venturi tubes 38 it is possible to use a plurality of venturi tubes 38 to supply secondary air depending upon the desired output in BTU per pound. Also heating jets may be used in the outlet tube 50 in place of the hollow grate construction and venturi tube arrangement. Also the venturi tube can be a nozzle so as to increase the velocity of the secondary air.
  • the undergrate air may be 125% in excess of that required and the secondary air may be in the order of magnitude 200% of excess air. This insures smokeless operation of the burner following ignition.
  • a single fan supplied both the primary and secondary air. It was found, however, that a substantial pressure had to be employed so that the secondary air was sufficient to travel through the tortuous path provided by the hollow grate and still provide sufficient air at the outlet 40 of the venturi tube 38 to provide complete combustion of the unburned products. Similarly, a four inch diameter tube was initially used for outlet tube 50 and this did not work.
  • a six inch diameter tube did work and larger diameter tubes may have to be employed depending upon the feed rate and the amount of air required to complete combustion in the secondary combustion zone. Also, as has already been mentioned, a plurality of venturi tubes may be employed to increase the secondary air directed into the secondary heating zone.
  • the burner unit itself may be quite compact. In the original model the unit was 36 inches tall and length and width dimensions of 12 inches each. Larger sizes may be employed for achieving greater BTU outputs.
  • the apparatus can run continuously for extended periods of time. Temperatures within the combustion chambers in excess of 1800°F. have been measured. Because the rate of the substantially continuous feed must equal the rate of combustion, batch loading procedures such as are common in existing pot belly or wood burning stoves cannot be used. Ignition would not occur if an attempt was made to start the burner with a large amount of fuel on the grate means. Similarly, if the fuel is not fed on a substantially continuous basis at a rate of feed equal to the rate of combustion, the fire will 5 0 out.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP19810303644 1981-08-10 1981-08-10 Brûleur à biomasse Ceased EP0071681A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19810303644 EP0071681A1 (fr) 1981-08-10 1981-08-10 Brûleur à biomasse

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19810303644 EP0071681A1 (fr) 1981-08-10 1981-08-10 Brûleur à biomasse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0071681A1 true EP0071681A1 (fr) 1983-02-16

Family

ID=8188369

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810303644 Ceased EP0071681A1 (fr) 1981-08-10 1981-08-10 Brûleur à biomasse

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP0071681A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0663565A2 (fr) * 1994-01-14 1995-07-19 NOELL Abfall- und Energietechnik GmbH Barreau de grille et grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procédé de refroidissement
WO1996033371A1 (fr) * 1995-04-21 1996-10-24 Noell-Krc Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh Grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procede de refroidissement
FR2755501A1 (fr) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-07 Perge Procede et installation de traitement par combustion de dechets, et de recuperation de chaleur

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR396304A (fr) * 1908-11-05 1909-04-07 Johannes Kauth Foyer fumivore avec conduit d'air et tuyères de mélange
US1996585A (en) * 1932-08-27 1935-04-02 Decarie Incinerator Corp Incinerator
FR1051166A (fr) * 1951-07-06 1954-01-13 Dispositif de chauffage sans fumée
FR2372384A1 (fr) * 1976-11-24 1978-06-23 Mille Louis Procede de production de calories a partir de particules combustibles solides, et avant-foyer le mettant en oeuvre
US4254715A (en) * 1978-11-15 1981-03-10 Hague International Solid fuel combustor and method of burning
GB2056638A (en) * 1979-08-10 1981-03-18 Yamamoto S Husk burner

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR396304A (fr) * 1908-11-05 1909-04-07 Johannes Kauth Foyer fumivore avec conduit d'air et tuyères de mélange
US1996585A (en) * 1932-08-27 1935-04-02 Decarie Incinerator Corp Incinerator
FR1051166A (fr) * 1951-07-06 1954-01-13 Dispositif de chauffage sans fumée
FR2372384A1 (fr) * 1976-11-24 1978-06-23 Mille Louis Procede de production de calories a partir de particules combustibles solides, et avant-foyer le mettant en oeuvre
US4254715A (en) * 1978-11-15 1981-03-10 Hague International Solid fuel combustor and method of burning
GB2056638A (en) * 1979-08-10 1981-03-18 Yamamoto S Husk burner

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0663565A2 (fr) * 1994-01-14 1995-07-19 NOELL Abfall- und Energietechnik GmbH Barreau de grille et grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procédé de refroidissement
EP0663565A3 (fr) * 1994-01-14 1996-02-14 Noell Abfall & Energietech Barreau de grille et grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procédé de refroidissement.
US5636581A (en) * 1994-01-14 1997-06-10 Noell Abfall-Und Energietechnik Gmbh Grate bar and grate with cooling apparatus and process for cooling
WO1996033371A1 (fr) * 1995-04-21 1996-10-24 Noell-Krc Energie- Und Umwelttechnik Gmbh Grille avec dispositif de refroidissement et procede de refroidissement
FR2755501A1 (fr) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-07 Perge Procede et installation de traitement par combustion de dechets, et de recuperation de chaleur
EP0841519A1 (fr) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-13 Perge Société à Responsabilité Limitée Procédé et installation de traitement par combustion de déchets, et de récupération de chaleur

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