TWI618909B - 傳熱管以及配置該種傳熱管的鍋爐 - Google Patents
傳熱管以及配置該種傳熱管的鍋爐 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 67
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
- F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
- F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
- F24H1/282—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes with flue gas passages built-up by coaxial water mantles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
- F24H1/205—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes with furnace tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B9/00—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body
- F22B9/02—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body the boiler body being disposed upright, e.g. above the combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
- F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
- F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
- F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
- F24H9/001—Guiding means
- F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
- F24H9/001—Guiding means
- F24H9/0026—Guiding means in combustion gas channels
- F24H9/0031—Guiding means in combustion gas channels with means for changing or adapting the path of the flue gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/0206—Heat exchangers immersed in a large body of liquid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
- F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/006—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/025—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with variable shape, e.g. with modified tube ends, with different geometrical features
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/06—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular crimped or corrugated in cross-section
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/105—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being corrugated elements extending around the tubular elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2210/00—Heat exchange conduits
- F28F2210/10—Particular layout, e.g. for uniform temperature distribution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/14—Fastening; Joining by using form fitting connection, e.g. with tongue and groove
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)
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- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
一鍋爐(2)的傳熱管(5),包括一外管(10)和可***該外管內的一異型嵌件(11),其中該外管管腔可供爐膛廢氣流通,外管外面受暖水包圍浸泡,該異型嵌件(11)具有沿該外管(10)之縱向(12)排列並且用以擴大該外管內表面的散熱片(14),該異型嵌件與該外管(10)形成導熱接觸。藉由如此構造的傳熱管可更大幅度提高燃燒氣體傳導給鍋爐內暖水的傳熱功率。為實現此自的,外管(10)具有一圓柱形薄壁式第一縱向段(22)和一第二縱向段(23),該第二縱向段具有使流通橫截面變窄的至少一縮窄部(24),其中異型嵌件(11)僅僅沿著第一縱向段(22)延伸。
Description
本發明係關於一鍋爐傳熱管,特別是一冷凝式鍋爐的傳熱管,包括一外管和可***該外管內的一異型嵌件,其中該外管管腔可供爐膛廢氣流通,外管外面受暖水包圍浸泡,該異型嵌件具有沿該外管縱向排列並且用以擴大該外管內表面的散熱片,該異型嵌件與該外管形成導熱接觸。
同樣地,本發明係關於一鍋爐,特別是對供熱環路裡的暖水進行加熱的一冷凝式鍋爐,具有一殼體,該殼體限定暖水室的大小尺寸,並且具有佈置在該暖水室前側的一燃燒室。
這種本文開頭所述型式的鍋爐,可作為冷凝式鍋爐與一煤氣燃燒室或者液體燃燒室(燃油,煤油等)搭配運行。在這樣的冷凝式鍋爐中,燃燒氣體會冷卻直至廢氣水份凝結,以同時充分利用凝結熱。這裡的前提是鍋爐或冷凝式鍋爐與一暖水溫度搭配運行,該溫度在連通鍋爐的燃燒氣體流路末端低於燃燒氣體的露點溫度。對此,已有業界人士嘗試在盡可能最短的一燃燒氣體流路上使用鍋爐的水冷式傳熱管,以使燃燒氣體從很高的流入溫度冷卻至露點溫度與鍋爐暖水回路最低暖水溫度之間的溫域內。例如依據專利號EP 0 752 088 A1已知本文開頭所述型式的一傳熱管。
本發明的目的是提供結構簡單和成本低廉的一傳熱管以及一鍋爐的解決方案,藉此更大幅度提高燃燒氣體傳導給鍋爐內暖水的傳熱功率。
為實現本發明之第一目的,在本文開頭所述型式的傳熱管中,外管具有圓柱形薄壁式一第一縱向段和一第二縱向段,該第二縱向段具有使流通橫截面變窄的至少一縮窄部,其中異型嵌件僅僅沿著外管之第一縱向段延伸。換句話說,異型嵌件只是設置在第一縱向段之內。
同樣地,為實現本發明之第二目的,在本文開頭所述型式的鍋爐中,至少一傳熱管依據專利申請範圍1至13中任一項設置在殼體之內,並且該傳熱管從燃燒室分岔出來後延伸穿過暖水室。其中可設想鋪設至少功率非常低的一傳熱管(約10kW)。然而,大多數應用場合需要鋪設多條傳熱管。例如可使至少一傳熱管垂直或水平地穿置於暖水室,不過也可用處於90°(垂直穿置)與0°(水平穿置)之間的任一角度來穿置。
有關符合本發明之目的的其他較佳結構形式,在專利申請範圍的附屬項中逐一闡明。
本發明還提供一傳熱管以及配設多條該傳熱管的一鍋爐,這些傳熱管分別具有優異的功能設計和形式簡單成本低廉的結構。在習知傳熱管中,高溫燃燒氣體從傳熱管入口流往出口,並在此過程中逐漸冷卻。於此同時燃燒氣體體積流量明顯縮小,使得直至傳熱管出口的流速和紊流大幅下降,從而對傳熱效率構成負面影響。相反地,本發明透過使外管的流通橫截面變窄的至少一縮窄部來增加燃燒室與縮窄部之間(即縮窄部的上游段)的壓力損失,藉此可傳遞更多的燃燒室熱能和傳熱管縮窄部前側第二縱
向段的熱能。在縮窄部前側的縱向段,廢氣流速由於流通橫截面變窄而大幅上升,從而額外提升了傳熱率和廢氣能利用率。在流通橫截面縮窄部下游的縱向段,廢氣重新膨脹並流入裝有異型嵌件的外管縱向段。由於傳熱管內縱向佈設的異型嵌件散熱片使得散熱面積大幅擴大,廢氣在外管第一縱向段內會冷卻至露點之下,從而對冷凝式鍋爐裝置和鍋爐效率產生有利的影響。有關本發明之傳熱管和鍋爐的優點,在下面具體闡明。與沒有縮窄部的傳熱管相比,本發明透過縮窄部上游的壓力損失增加可提高燃燒室和傳熱管入口處的傳熱率。此外,縮窄部使得縮窄部上游的層狀流在縮窄部下游驟變成紊流,從而使得縮窄部範圍內且尤其是縮窄部下游範圍的流速加快,因此可取得更好的傳熱率。最後,傳熱管第一縱向段內異型嵌件散熱片導致傳熱面積擴大,進而使縮窄部下游流速和廢氣溫度相對很低,因此額外有助於提高對暖水的傳熱率。
在本發明之一傳熱管具體實施例中,至少一縮窄部為外管第二縱向段壁部的至少一環形收縮位。在此形式下,無需製作及安裝額外的部件就可取得橫截面變化的有益功效。
在本發明的傳熱管設計中,如果至少一縮窄部具有至少兩第一收縮位,並且該些第一收縮位以相互正相對的位置方式成型於外管第二縱向段的壁部,此外還都與第一管平面保持鏡面對稱,那麼效果將更加好。
為了加快收縮位下游的流速,本發明提供另一具體實施例,在至少兩第一收縮位之間形成至少一第一流通縫隙,且其尺寸等於外管直徑的2%至3%之間。
為了繼續提升本發明之橫截面縮窄部的功效,本發明還提供另一傳熱管具體實施例,即縮窄部在包含至少兩第一收縮位之餘還具有至少兩第二收縮位,並且兩第二收縮位以相互正相對的位置方式成型於外管第二縱向段的壁部,此外還都與第二管平面保持鏡面對稱,其中第二管平面垂直於第一管平面。
本發明還進一步提供縮窄部第二收縮位的具體實施例,在至少兩第二收縮位之間形成至少一第二流通縫隙,且其尺寸等於外管直徑的18%與22%之間。
在提高流速和縮窄部下游的紊流量方面,本發明提供另一具體實施例:第一收縮位與第二收縮位形成於外管第二縱向段的同一軸向位置,透過第一收縮位與第二收縮位形成的外管第二縱向段流通橫截面具有一H形橫截面。但不限於此,第一收縮位與第二收縮位當然也可在外管第二縱向段的不同軸向位置形成。
在本發明之傳熱管中,根據一具體實施例是第一縱向段的軸向長度等於第二縱向段的軸向長度至少2倍。於另一具體實施例中是第二縱向段的軸向長度大於第一縱向段的軸向長度。
在本發明一較佳具體實施例中,異型嵌件具有一管體,該管體包括至少兩殼部,這兩殼部分別具有一圓截面形橫截面。此具體實施例有利於利用一成本低廉而簡單的生產方法來製造該傳熱管。
在本發明之傳熱管中,該管體更包括兩殼部,這兩殼部在相互接觸的縱向邊緣處具有槽形之凹陷位和肋狀凸緣,並且由此以密封方式相互嚙合。與此同時,兩殼部在其內側面分別具有伸入管體內橫截面並且沿
外管縱向延伸的散熱片,因此各殼部與其散熱片構成一單側敞露的斷面。殼部這種附帶兩個半殼及其散熱片的單側敞露的結構具有加工簡單和成本低的特點,例如透過螺旋擠壓的加工方式。
在本發明之傳熱管中,兩殼部分別在一縱向邊緣處具有一凹陷位,並在另一縱向邊緣處具有與凹陷位形狀相匹配的一肋狀凸緣。透過這種迷宮密封式的配置,可避免外管第一縱向段內形成可滲入廢氣或者冷凝水並進而導致生銹的空隙。
本發明中傳熱管之所以可以簡單、成本低地加工生產,是因為至少一縮窄部按一噴嘴式管道嵌裝件來成型,並因此可***外管的第二縱向段。在此形式下,只要注意橫截面縮窄部的收縮位就無須對外管進行修整。也就是說,只要製作好內直徑與外管直徑對應匹配的一單獨縮窄部,並且在傳熱管安裝或供貨時該縮窄部可與異型嵌件一起***外管內就已足夠。
本發明更提供另一具體實施例,採用金屬合金(較佳為鋼材)製成外管,並採用鋁材製成異型嵌件。由於採用了對抗廢氣冷凝的材料,外管因此可耐酸性和鹼性腐蝕,並且外管末端可焊接管底和管板,該管板用於將包圍傳熱管的暖水室一方面與燃燒室分隔,另一方面則與裝於暖水室下方的一鍋爐廢氣收集室分隔。
最後,為了提高傳熱效率,本發明更可將具有至少一縮窄部的外管第二縱向段設置在燃燒室與外管第一縱向段之間。在此形式下,傳熱管縮窄部可影響傳熱管入口範圍的燃燒氣體流量,並進而提高傳熱管內的流速和紊流量。
需指出的是,前述和後面需闡述的特徵不單只適用於已述的各種組合,還可用於其他組合或者作為獨有特徵,並且不會偏離本發明的有效範圍。只有申請專利範圍的各項才可定義本發明的有效範圍。
1‧‧‧殼體
2‧‧‧鍋爐
3‧‧‧暖水室
4‧‧‧燃燒室
5‧‧‧傳熱管
6‧‧‧回流管接頭
7‧‧‧回流管接頭
8‧‧‧進水管接頭
9‧‧‧環形收縮位
10‧‧‧外管
11‧‧‧異型嵌件
12‧‧‧縱向
14‧‧‧散熱片
15‧‧‧殼部
16‧‧‧殼部
17‧‧‧縱向邊緣
18‧‧‧凹陷位
19‧‧‧肋狀凸緣
20‧‧‧軸向長度
21‧‧‧軸向長度
22‧‧‧第一縱向段
23‧‧‧第二縱向段
24‧‧‧縮窄部
25‧‧‧軸向長度
26‧‧‧軸向長度
27‧‧‧第一管平面
28‧‧‧第二管平面
29‧‧‧第一收縮位
30‧‧‧第一收縮位
31‧‧‧第一流通縫隙
32‧‧‧直徑
33‧‧‧軸向長度
34‧‧‧最大直徑
35‧‧‧第二收縮位
36‧‧‧第二收縮位
37‧‧‧第二流通縫隙
38‧‧‧最大直徑
39‧‧‧流通橫截面
為充分瞭解本發明之細節、特徵及優點,茲藉由下述具體實施例,並配合所附之圖式,對本發明做一詳細說明,說明如後:在圖式中,[圖1]本發明之鍋爐的立體示意圖。
[圖2]本發明之鍋爐附帶殼體局部截面圖的另一立體示意圖。
[圖3]本發明之鍋爐傳熱管的立體分解圖。
[圖4]本發明之傳熱管的側視圖。
[圖5]本發明之傳熱管的立體示意圖。
[圖6]本發明之傳熱管沿管平面延伸的側視圖。
[圖7]本發明之傳熱管沿另一管平面延伸的側視圖。
[圖8]圖6中傳熱管一縱向段的放大圖。
[圖9]圖7中傳熱管另一縱向段的放大圖。
[圖10]本發明之傳熱管的一軸向位置橫截面圖。
[圖11]本發明之傳熱管的另一軸向位置橫截面圖。
[圖12]依據圖10所示位置和所示流通橫截面的傳熱管橫截面圖。
[圖13]本發明之傳熱管的立體示意圖,其中顯示縮窄部範圍的側視圖。
為充分瞭解本發明之目的、特徵及功效,茲藉由下述具體之實施例,並配合所附之圖式,對本發明做一詳細說明,說明如後:圖1為一鍋爐(2)之殼體(1)的立體示意圖,圖2為該殼體(1)的局部立體示意圖,以便更加清楚地顯示殼體(1)的內部。鍋爐(2)用於加熱一供熱環路(圖中未顯示)中的暖水,該鍋爐可為冷凝式鍋爐。殼體(1)包圍一暖水室(3),並且進一步包括一杯形或圓錐形燃燒室(4),該燃燒室設置在暖水室(3)上方並且配有一燃燒器(圖中未顯示)。燃燒室(4)底部裝有一熱交換器,該熱交換器具有複數個傳熱管(5),該些傳熱管穿置於暖水室(3)內,並且直達一廢氣收集室(圖中未顯示)。傳熱管(5)因此從燃燒室(4)底部分岔出來,並在所示實施例中基本上是沿垂直方向延伸穿過暖水室(3),不過也可透過處於0°(水平穿置)與90°(垂直穿置)之間的一任意角度使傳熱管(5)穿置於該暖水室。在此,受暖水繞流的傳熱管(5)外表面可將其熱能傳導給暖水室(3)內的暖水,傳熱管(5)裡面存在溫差,即上部區域的溫度基本大於下部區域的溫度。暖水室與回流管接頭(6,7)連接,不同供熱環路的已冷卻迴圈水透過該回流管接頭重新返回暖水室(3)。與回流管接頭(6)連接的供熱環路用於例如商業用水的加熱,因此具有相對而言較高的迴圈溫度。與此相反,下側的回流管接頭(7)與需要相對較低迴圈溫度的供熱環路(例如用於地板加熱)連接。供熱環路所需的已加熱暖水從上側的進水管接頭(8)流入。
如圖2所示,傳熱管(5)的上部範圍具有一環形收縮位(9)。圖3顯示本發明的單個傳熱管(5)之立體分解圖。如圖所示,傳熱管(5)包括一外管(10)和在組裝完畢後可***該外管(10)內的一異型嵌件(11),
其中該外管管腔在鍋爐(2)運行時可供爐膛廢氣流通,外管外部受暖水包圍浸泡。在該圖示實施例中,外管(10)由金屬合金(較佳為鋼材)製成。異型嵌件(11)具有用於擴大外管(10)內表面並且沿外管縱向(12)延伸的散熱片(14),異型嵌件與外管(10)形成導熱接觸。為了提升熱傳導率,異型嵌件(11)由鋁材製成。
在該圖示實施例中,異型嵌件(11)包括一管體,該管體具有兩殼部(15,16)。該兩殼部(15,16)分別具有一半圓形橫截面。較為理想的做法自然是採用一一體式異型嵌件(11),不過這樣就有製作成本較高的缺點。因此寧可採用至少一雙體式的異型嵌件(11),其殼部為圓截面形結構,以獲得閉合式的異型嵌件(11)。如圖4放大所示,在本實施例中,管體包括兩殼部(15,16),該兩殼部在相互接觸的縱向邊緣(17)具有槽形之凹陷位(18)和肋狀凸緣(19),並且由此以密封方式相互嚙合。兩殼部(15,16)在其內側面分別具有伸入管體內橫截面並且沿外管(10)縱向(12)延伸的散熱片(14),並且各殼部(15,16)與其散熱片(14)構成一單側敞露的斷面。兩殼部(15,16)分別在一縱向邊緣(17)具有槽形的凹陷位(18),並在另一邊緣(17)具有與凹陷位形狀匹配的一肋狀凸緣(19)。藉由這兩殼部(15,16)組合而成的異型嵌件(11),可直接透過異型嵌件的整個圓周面貼靠外管(10),並且該異型嵌件的外直徑略微小於外管(10)內徑,以使異型嵌件(11)可以順利地***外管(10)內。
如圖3所示,外管(10)與異型嵌件(11)具有不同的軸向長度。圖6和7顯示了本發明之傳熱管(5)的不同側視圖。圖5則顯
示了單個的傳熱管(5),其中異型嵌件(11)已***外管(10)內,因此從外部看不見。
如圖6所示,外管(10)軸向長度(20)較佳等於異型嵌件(11)軸向長度(21)的1.5倍,不過也可等於1.3倍或者1.7倍。外管(10)與異型嵌件(11)的軸向長度(20,21)不同,使得外管(10)可分成兩縱向段。其中,外管(10)的一第一縱向段(22)為圓柱形薄壁結構。外管(10)的一第二縱向段(23)具有使流通橫截面變窄的至少一縮窄部(24)。在此,異型嵌件(11)僅僅沿著外管(10)之第一縱向段(22)延伸,從而導致本實施例中的第一縱向段(22)的軸向長度(25)等於第二縱向段(23)的軸向長度(26)至少2倍。當應用場合非常特殊時,作為可選用的長度比例關係,第二縱向段(23)的軸向長度(26)也可大於第一縱向段(22)的軸向長度(25)。
再參照圖6所示,異型嵌件(11)不與外管(10)齊平地接合,而且還有一小部分***外管(10)內,以致異型嵌件(11)完整地容置於外管(10)內,並且主要容置於第一縱向段(22)內。圖6再結合圖2所示,具有縮窄部(24)的各外管(10)之第二縱向段(23)分別設置在燃燒室(4)與各相應外管(10)的第一縱向段(22)之間。因此各縮窄部(24)是直接設置在燃燒室(4)的下游。
在此,縮窄部(24)以一噴嘴式管道嵌裝件之方式形成,並可***外管(10)的第二縱向段(23)。藉此,外管(10)以薄壁直通的方式既可於第一縱向段(22)也可於第二縱向段(23)內形成。與此相對應,本實施例所示的外管(10)之第二縱向段(23)包括複數個收縮位。
下面再結合圖6至圖13詳細闡述縮窄部(24)的形狀。基於此目的,依據圖6、7、10所示透過一第一管平面(27)和垂直於第一管平面(27)的一第二管平面(28)劃分外管(10)的橫截面。圖6為沿第一管平面(27)而切分的剖面圖,圖7則為沿第二管平面(28)而切分的剖面圖。如圖6至13所示,縮窄部(24)包括形成於兩外管(10)之第二縱向段(23)壁部的第一收縮位(29,30)。其中特別是第一收縮位(29,30)壓入第二縱向段(23)的壁部,因此第一收縮位(29,30)為凹形結構或為向內側成拱形的收縮位。兩第一收縮位(29,30)以相互正相對的位置方式相對設置,此外都與第一管平面(27)保持鏡面對稱。在第一收縮位(29,30)之間形成一第一流通縫隙(31)(參見圖8),該第一流通縫隙的大小尺寸等於外管(10)直徑(32)(參見圖6)的2%至3%,參見圖8中顯示的圖6剖面A放大圖。為了形成第一收縮位(29,30),從外管(10)兩側將管壁部逐點壓入,從而形成向內側成拱形的收縮位,這些收縮位在其最短的距離處形成第一流通縫隙(31)。第一收縮位(29,30)壁部沿一軸向長度(33)(參見圖9)變形,該軸向長度等於第二縱向段(23)軸向長度(26)的0.4倍。但不限於此,軸向長度(33)也可以等於軸向長度(26)的0.3至0.5倍。變形段軸向長度(33)的第一收縮位(29,30)壁部整體的壓入方式,使得軸向長度(33)的壁部具有第一收縮位(29,30)的最大直徑(34),該最大直徑等於薄壁外管(10)直徑(32)的0.6倍。但不限於此,該最大直徑(34)也可等於薄壁外管(10)直徑(32)的0.5至0.7倍。
圖7和9顯示了第二收縮位(35,36)的結構形式,其中第二收縮位(35,36)的變形段軸向長度(33)較佳與第一收縮位(29,30)
的變形段軸向長度一致,因此只在圖9才顯示出來。但不限於此,第一收縮位與第二收縮位的變形段軸向長度也可不同。圖7在顯示異型嵌件(11)之餘,還更描繪了一軸向剖面F-F,該軸向剖面在圖11詳細顯示出來,圖示包括外管(10)和異型嵌件(11)的兩殼部(15,16)。兩第二收縮位(35,36)與兩第一收縮位(29,30)共同形成縮窄部(24),其中第一收縮位(29,30)與第二收縮位(35,36)的結構形式不同。兩第二收縮位(35,36)也以相互正相對的位置方式相對設置,此外都與第二管平面(28)保持鏡面對稱。第二收縮位(35,36)也壓入第二縱向段(23)的壁部,因此第二收縮位為凹形結構或為向內側成拱形的收縮位。在第二收縮位(35,36)之間形成一第二流通縫隙(37),該第二流通縫隙大於第一流通縫隙(31),該第二流通縫隙的大小尺寸等於外管(10)直徑(32)(參見圖6)的18%至22%,參見圖9中顯示的圖7剖面B放大圖。為了形成第二收縮位(35,36),從外管(10)兩側將管壁部逐點壓入,從而形成向內側成拱形的收縮位,這些收縮位在其最短的距離處形成第二流通縫隙(37)。第二收縮位(35,36)的壁部沿軸向長度(33)(參見圖9)變形,該軸向長度同樣等於第二縱向段(23)軸向長度(26)0.4倍。但不限於此,軸向長度(33)也可等於軸向長度(26)的0.3至0.5倍。在製作第二收縮位(35,36)時,變形段軸向長度(33)的第二收縮位(35,36)壁部整體的壓入方式,使得軸向長度(33)的壁部具有第二收縮位(35,36)的最大直徑(38),該最大直徑等於薄壁外管(10)直徑(32)的0.55倍。但不限於此,該最大直徑(38)也可等於薄壁外管(10)直徑(32)的0.45至0.65倍。
圖10和圖12顯示了透過前述的第一收縮位(29,30)和第二收縮位(35,36)結構形式得出的一流通橫截面(39),其中圖10透過陰影線面表示藉由殼部(15,16)形成的異型嵌件(11),圖12透過黑色區域表示流通橫截面。由於第一收縮位(29,30)與第二收縮位(35,36)形成於外管(10)第二縱向段(23)的同一軸向位置,也就是說第一收縮位(29,30)與第二收縮位(35,36)都沿同一軸向長度(33)延伸,因此透過第一收縮位(29,30)與第二收縮位(35,36)形成的外管(10)第二縱向段(23)之流通橫截面(39)具有一H形橫截面。在圖13所示外管(10)中,省略了從H形橫截面開始的管段,以便可更清楚地辨別H形流通橫截面(39)。
在本發明之傳熱管(5)中,外管(10)的縮窄部(24)為雙重對稱形成的縮窄部,由此可避免習知技術中的缺點。因為在習知傳熱管中,存在高溫燃燒氣體從傳熱管入口流往出口,並在此過程中逐漸冷卻的缺點。於此同時燃燒氣體體積流量明顯縮小,使得直至傳熱管出口的流速和紊流大幅下降,從而對傳熱效率構成負面影響。在本發明的傳熱管(5)中,由於縮窄部(24)可提高傳熱管內的流速和紊流量,因此可提高熱傳導率。第一收縮位(29,30)或第二收縮位(35,36)可提高第一收縮位(29,30)或第二收縮位(35,36)前面的上游區壓力損失。藉此可傳遞更多的燃燒室(4)熱能和第一收縮位(29,30)以及第二收縮位(35,36)前側傳熱管(5)段的熱能。在第一收縮位(29,30)以及第二收縮位(35,36)範圍內,縮窄部使流速大幅提高,從而也可提升傳熱率和廢氣能利用率。在第一收縮位(29,30)以及第二收縮位(35,36)範圍內,也就是縮窄部的下游範圍,廢
氣重新膨脹並流入裝有異型嵌件(11)的管段。由於異型嵌件(11)之散熱片(14)的散熱面積非常大,廢氣在這個管段內會冷卻至露點之下,從而對冷凝式鍋爐裝置產生有利的影響。
綜上所述,本發明具有以下基本優點:
●提高壓力損失,從而提高燃燒室(4)和傳熱管(5)入口處的傳熱率。
●提高縮窄部(24)或第一收縮位(29,30)以及第二收縮位(35,36)範圍內的流速,從而提高傳熱率(相對於層流的紊流)。
●透過異型嵌件(11)的散熱片(14)增加傳熱面積,並且導致縮窄部(24)後側或下游的傳熱管(5)之第一縱向段(22)內流速和廢氣溫度很低,從而提高傳熱率。
利用本發明之安裝於一鍋爐(2)內的傳熱管(5),可比習知技術提高85%至90%的傳熱率。
本發明並不受以上實施方式說明和圖式的限制。任何熟習相關技藝者可根據這些圖式所顯示的實施方式,按照應用目的相應進行大量的改變,但不會因此偏離本發明的申請範圍。例如縮窄部(24)可只為形成於外管(10)之第二縱向段(23)內的一環形收縮位(9)(取代四個收縮位),或者可有多個藉由對應收縮位(9)形成的縮窄部沿軸向(12)前後排列順序設置,或者設置在管的不同軸向位置。以上所述僅為本發明之較佳可行實施例,並非因此局限本發明之專利範圍,舉凡運用本發明說明書及圖式內容所為之的等效結構變化,均理應包含於本發明之範圍內。
本發明在上文中已以較佳實施例揭露,然熟習本項技術者應理解的是,該實施例僅用於描繪本發明,而不應解讀為限制本發明之範圍。應注意的是,舉凡與該實施例等效之變化與置換,均應設為涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。因此,本發明之保護範圍當以申請專利範圍所界定者為準。
1‧‧‧殼體
2‧‧‧鍋爐
3‧‧‧暖水室
4‧‧‧燃燒室
5‧‧‧傳熱管
9‧‧‧環形收縮位
Claims (10)
- 一鍋爐(2)之傳熱管(5),特別是一冷凝式鍋爐的傳熱管,包括一外管(10)和可***該外管內的一異型嵌件(11),其中該外管管腔可供爐膛廢氣流通,外管外面可受暖水包圍浸泡,該異型嵌件(11)具有沿該外管(10)縱向(12)排列並且用以擴大該外管(10)內表面的散熱片(14),該異型嵌件與該外管(10)形成導熱接觸,其特徵在於:外管(10)具有一圓柱形薄壁式第一縱向段(22)和一第二縱向段(23),該第二縱向段具有使流通橫截面變窄的至少一縮窄部(24),其中異型嵌件(11)僅僅沿著外管(10)之第一縱向段(22)延伸;其中,至少一縮窄部(24)包含至少兩第一收縮位(29,30),並且該兩第一收縮位(29,30)以相互正相對的位置方式形成於外管(10)第二縱向段(23)的壁部,此外還都與第一管平面(27)保持鏡面對稱;其中,該縮窄部(24)在包含至少兩第一收縮位(29,30)之餘還具有至少兩第二收縮位(35,36),並且該第二收縮位(35,36)以相互正相對的位置方式形成於外管(10)第二縱向段(23)的壁部,此外還都與第二管平面(28)保持鏡面對稱,其中第二管平面垂直於第一管平面(27);其中第一收縮位(29,30)與第二收縮位(35,36)形成於外管(10)第二縱向段(23)的同一軸向位置,透過第一收縮位(29,30)與第二收縮位(35,36)形成的外管(10)第二縱向段(23)之流通橫截面(39)具有一H形橫截面。
- 如請求項1所述之傳熱管(5),其中至少兩第一收縮位(29,30)之間形成至少一第一流通縫隙(31),且其尺寸等於外管(10)直徑(32)的2%至3%之間。
- 如請求項1所述之傳熱管(5),其中至少兩個第二收縮位(35,36)之間形成至少一第二流通縫隙(37),且其尺寸等於外管(10)直徑(32)的18%至22%之間。
- 如請求項1所述之傳熱管(5),其中第一縱向段(22)的軸向長度(25)等於第二縱向段(23)的軸向長度(26)至少2倍。
- 如請求項1所述之傳熱管(5),其中異型嵌件(11)具有一管體,該管體包括至少兩殼部(15,16),該殼部分別具有一圓截面形橫截面。
- 如請求項5所述之傳熱管(5),其中管體包括兩殼部(15,16),該殼部在相互接觸的縱向邊緣(17)具有槽形之凹陷位(18)和肋狀凸緣(19),並且由此以密封方式相互嚙合,其中兩殼部(15,16)在其內側面分別具有伸入管體內橫截面並且沿外管(10)縱向(12)延伸的散熱片(14),因此各殼部(15,16)與其散熱片(14)構成一單側敞露的斷面。
- 如請求項6所述之傳熱管(5),其中兩殼部(15,16)分別在一縱向邊緣(17)具有一凹陷位(18),並在另一縱向邊緣(17)具有與凹陷位(18)形狀相匹配的一肋狀凸緣(19)。
- 如請求項1所述之傳熱管(5),其中採用金屬合金(較佳為鋼材)製成外管(10),並採用鋁材製成異型嵌件(11)。
- 一鍋爐(2),特別是對供熱環路裡的暖水進行加熱的一冷凝式鍋爐,具有一殼體(1),該殼體限定暖水室(3)的大小尺寸,並且具有設置在暖水室(3)前側的一燃燒室(4),其特徵在於:如請求項1至8任一項所述之傳熱管(5),其設置在殼體(1)之內,並且該傳熱管從燃燒室(4)分岔出來後延伸穿過暖水室(3)。
- 如請求項9所述之鍋爐(2),其中具有至少一縮窄部(24)的外管(10)第二縱向段(23)設置在燃燒室(4)與外管(10)的第一縱向段(22)之間。
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