TW201143017A - Electronic devices and components for high efficiency power circuits - Google Patents

Electronic devices and components for high efficiency power circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201143017A
TW201143017A TW100100854A TW100100854A TW201143017A TW 201143017 A TW201143017 A TW 201143017A TW 100100854 A TW100100854 A TW 100100854A TW 100100854 A TW100100854 A TW 100100854A TW 201143017 A TW201143017 A TW 201143017A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
transistor
iii
insulating
package
electronic component
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TW100100854A
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English (en)
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TWI545721B (zh
Inventor
Yi-Feng Wu
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Transphorm Inc
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01L24/42Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L24/43Manufacturing methods
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    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/48Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
    • H01L23/488Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
    • H01L23/495Lead-frames or other flat leads
    • H01L23/49541Geometry of the lead-frame
    • H01L23/49562Geometry of the lead-frame for devices being provided for in H01L29/00
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    • H01L23/495Lead-frames or other flat leads
    • H01L23/49575Assemblies of semiconductor devices on lead frames
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    • H01L27/04Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/06Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
    • H01L27/0605Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration integrated circuits made of compound material, e.g. AIIIBV
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
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    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/567Circuits characterised by the use of more than one type of semiconductor device, e.g. BIMOS, composite devices such as IGBT
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201143017 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 描述可使用於功率切換電路應用以實現具有非常高效 率的功率電路之功率切換電路和元件。 【先前技術】 隨著全世界電功率消耗量持續地增加,功率供應器和 功率轉換器在我們的社會中變得日益重要。升壓模式Ο。 至DC功率轉換器(在此意指為「升壓轉換器」)的主要 元件之電路圖顯示於第丨圖。該升壓轉換器電路包含: 電感器10和14、一切換裝置(例如電晶體u)、一整流 裝置(例如二極體12)、和充電儲存裝置(例如電容器 13和15)。在該電晶體u開啟期間,當電能量以電磁能 量儲存在該電感器10中時’該電感胃1(κ维持整個輸入 電壓、和流經該電感器1〇和電晶體u的輸入電流。同 時,該二極體12避免該電容器13藉由電晶體u放電。 當電晶體11關閉時’橫跨於該電感H 10的電位反轉, 及抓經該電感器丨〇的輸入電流亦流經該二極體1 2,藉 此充電該電容器13和供應能量至具有相較在輸入線上 的電壓準位為較高的電壓準位的輸出負載。 目前使用於功率電路(例如第i圖的升壓轉換器電路) 的一極體和電晶體—般使时(Si)半導體材料來製造。 用於功率應用的常見二極體和電晶體I置包含:石夕(^ ) 4 201143017
Sch〇ttky 二極體、Si 功率 M〇SFETs (例如 c〇〇_s )、 和Si絶緣柵雙極電晶體(IGBTs)。雖然si功率裝置不 昂貴’它們受限於數個缺點,此些缺點包含:相對為低 的切換速度和高準位的電雜訊’其常意指為電磁干挎或 聽。對較多的緊密功率供應具有增加切換頻率的:致 趨勢’其要求使用於功率供應的裝置具有較高的切換速 度,和經改善以適當地壓抑較高的頻率操作所導致增加 的電雜訊之電路架構。最近,由於相較於Si裝置且二較 佳的電特性和熱特性’已進行碳化石夕(sic)功率裝置的 研究。目前in-氮化物(ΙΙΙ·Ν)的半導體裝置已興起作 為用於功率電路應用上具吸引力的候選者。 當ΙΙΙ-Ν裝置的使用已顯示為在功率應用上係有益的, 需要進一步的改善以適當地壓抑ΕΜΙ,而同時當進—步’ 增加電路切換頻率和切換速度時維持高效率。田 , 【發明内容】 在-態樣中,其描述具有-此N電晶體和_ ιπ_ 流裝置的電子元件。單一封裝封…電晶體和_ 整流裝置二者。ΙΙΙ-Ν電晶體的閘極電極係電連接至該 -封裝的-第-引線、或電連接至該單一封褒的一; 結構部份,m-Ν電晶體的沒極電極電連接㈣單― 的一第二引線和電連接至ΙΠ·Ν整流裝置的—第一雷 極’及削整流裝置的一第二電極電連接至該 : 201143017 的一第三引線。 在另癌、樣中’其#田述.當操作於至少i 〇〇κΗζ的頻 率和2的轉換率時,一電壓轉換器具有:大於97 8% 的效率和低於1 Volt的峰值輪出電壓雜訊。 在又另-態樣中,其描述:用於操作在一功率切換電 路中的一切換電晶體的方法。該方法包含以下步驟:相 對於該切換電晶體的源極,切換在該切換電晶體的問極 上之電壓從高於電晶體臨界電壓的值至低於電晶體臨界 電壓的值’或從低於電晶體臨界電壓的值至高於電晶體 臨界電麼的值。此電壓以大約_____或更 向的速率切換。 在實施巾&含或促使後續的特徵。該電晶體可 2一場效電晶體。該則電晶體可為一高電麼切換電晶 。該ΙΠ-Ν電晶體可為一增強模式(enhancement-mode ) 裝置。該m-N整流裝置可為—m_N二極體,該第一電 二可為-陽極電極’及該第二電極可為一陰極電極。該 -N電晶體或該m_N二極體可為包含絶緣或半絶緣部 ::橫向裝置,及該絶緣或半絶緣部份可直接裝設於該 ,:封裝的傳導結構部份,而不具有在該m-N電晶體和 二。封褒的該傳導結構部份之間、或在該 川-N二極體 該單-封裝的該傳導結構部份 絶緣和半絶緣部份可A^ ㈣塾片。該 晶趙或…:可=半絶緣基材。該"Μ —極體可為包含—傳導或半傳導基材的 、及-絶緣或半絶緣ΙΠ·Ν層可在傳導或半傳 201143017 導基材和該III-N電晶體或該III-N二極體的通道之間, 其中該傳導或半傳導基材可直接裝設於該單一封裝的傳 導結構部份,而不具有在該ΙΙΙ-Ν電晶體和該單—封裝的 該傳導結構部份之間、或在該ΙΙΙ-Ν二極體和該單一封裝 的該傳導結構部份之間的一絕緣墊片。該傳導或半傳導 基材可為一矽基材。該ΠΙ-Ν電晶體和該m_N二極體可 位在共同的基材上。該ΠΙ-Ν電晶體可為一第—IU_N電 晶體,而該ΠΙ_Ν整流裝置可為一第二ΠΙ_Ν電晶體。該 第一 III-N電晶體和該第二ΠΙ_Ν電晶體可為包含—絶緣 或半絶緣部份的一橫向裝置,及該絶緣或半絶緣部份可 直接裝設於該單一封裝置的傳導結構部份,而不具有在 該第一 ΙΙΙ-Ν電晶體和該單一封裝的該傳導結構部份之 間、或在該第二ΙΠ_Ν電晶體和該單一封裝的該傳導結構 口Ρ伤之間的一絕緣塾片。該絶緣或半絶緣部份可為絶緣 或半絶緣基材。該第一 ΠΙ_Ν電晶體、或該第二ΙΙΙΝ電 晶體可為一橫向裝置,其包含:一傳導或半傳導基材、 及在該傳導或半傳導基材和該第一 ΙΙΙ-Ν電晶體或該第 一 ΠΙ-Ν電晶體的通道之間的一絶緣或半絶緣iU N層, 其中該傳導或半俸導基材可直接裝設於該第單一封裝的 傳導結構部份,而不具有在該ΙΙΙ-Ν電晶體和該單一封裝 的該傳導結構部份之間、或在該ΙΙΙ-Ν二極體和該單一封 裝的該傳導結構部份之間的一絕緣墊片。該第一ΙΠ_Ν電 晶體和該第二ΙΠ_Ν電晶體可形成於一共同的基材上。該 ΠΙ·Ν電晶體的源極電極可電連接至該單一封裝的一傳 201143017 導結構部份’或電連接至該單—封裝的—源極引線。該 ΠΙ-Ν電晶體可為⑴卞空乏模式的電晶冑,及該電子= 件可進-步包含:封人該單—封裝中的—增強模式電晶 體’該增強模式電晶體包含:—增強模式電日日日體源極電 極、-增強模式電晶體閘極電極、及一增強模式電晶體 汲極電極,其中該增強模式電晶體源極電極可電連接至 該單一封裝的該傳導結構部份,或電連接至該單一封裝 的源極引線,該增強模式電晶體沒極電極可電連接至 該ΙΠ-Ν空乏模式電晶體的一源極電極,及該增強模式電 晶體閘極電極可電連接至該單一封裝的該第一引線。該 ΙΙΙ-Ν空乏模式電晶體可為一高電壓切換電晶體,及該增 強模式電晶體可為一低電壓電晶體。該增強模式電晶體 可為一 Si M〇S裝置。電壓轉換器可包含在此所描述的 電子元件之—者。當該電壓轉換器操作於至少11^1^的 頻率時,該電壓轉換器具有:大於97.8%的效率和低於i
Volt的峰值輸出電壓雜訊。該電壓轉換器可包含:能夠 操作為一般為關閉的開關之裝置。該電壓轉換器的裝置 可為一增強模式HI-N電晶體。該電壓轉換器的裝置可 為·包含一低電壓增強模式電晶體和一高電壓空乏模式 電晶體的一組件。該低電壓增強模式電晶體可為一 Si
M〇S電晶體’及該高電壓空乏模式電晶體可為一 III-N 電晶體。該功率切換電路的峰值輸出電壓雜訊可低於 IV。 201143017 【實施方式】
在高功率切換電路中, 在每次電晶體1 1從〇FF
例如在第1圖的升壓轉換器, 切換至ON或從ON切換至qfF 料導致切換損失。切換損失包含:RC充電損失和交越 損失二者。如同顯示於第2圖中的電晶體源極·沒極電流 對時間和源極-汲極電壓對時間的代表示圖所觀察到 者,在該電晶體從ON切換到〇FF的時間_期間當 流經該電晶體的電《16減少時,橫跨於該電晶體的電壓 17、曰加(反之,虽在電晶體從〇FF切換至on的時間期 間流經該電晶體的電流增加時,橫跨於該電晶體的電壓 減少)。在切換期間的瞬時交越功率損失係由經過該電晶 體的電流和橫跨於該電晶體的電壓之乘積給定及在切 換期間總能量才員失係由該τ力率損失對整個十刀料間的時 間積分決定。降低該電晶體切換時間(例如增加切 換速度)可減少在切換期間的總交越能量損失,及可藉 此減少功率損失和增加電路的效率。因此,其有益於在 電路操作期間以較高的切換速度切換該電晶體因為此 可增加電路的效率。 在電路操作期間一切換電晶體可切換的最大速度主要 係由電晶體的物理特性(例如在電晶體中的通道電荷密 度、通道電荷遷移率、和通道電荷飽和速度、和任何本 質或寄生電容或電阻)所限制。以超過設計電晶體的最 大值或額定之切換速度的電晶體之操作會導致可靠度問 201143017 題及/或電磁干擾(EMI )。目前使用於傳統的功率切換電 路(例如升屋轉換器)的切換電晶體,如基於矽(Si_based) 的CoolMOS電晶體,典型地額定至以5〇 V〇ltS/nanosecond的最大操切換速度來操作。m氮化物 (III-N)電晶體,例如ΙΠ_Ν HEMT或HFET,典型地具 有相較於經設計以操作在類似的電壓和電流的基於矽的 電as體之較佳的本質電子特性和較小的電容,及因而能 夠操作在較高的切換速度,例如大約15〇 V〇lts/nanosecond 或更高、大約 2〇〇 v〇its/nan〇sec〇nd 或 更尚、或大約250 V〇lts/nanosecond或更高。如同在此所 使用者,詞彙III-氮化物或ΙΠ_Ν材料、層、裝置等等, 意指包含根據化學計量公式AlxInyGazN的混合物半導 體材料之材料或裝置,其中x+y+z大約為i。 第3圖顯示在電路操作期間由申請人在第工圖的該升 壓轉換器電路的輸出節點5所測量的輪出電壓雜訊對時 間的示圖,其中ΙΠ_ΝΗΕΜΤ可用作為電晶體u,和出N 二極體可用作為二極體12,及電晶體n以2〇〇 她心晰㈤的切換速度切換。如同所示者,電壓變 動的大數罝(例如「振鈴(ringing)」6),其為随的 指示’可隨即在每次切換m_N HEMT電晶體之後在節點 5觀察到。如同第3圖可觀察到者’峰值輪出電壓雜訊 大於濟。因此’需要進一步的改善以麼 速度下操作的顧。 门刀換 备申。f人置入第1圖的升壓轉換器電路的ιιιν ΗΕΜτ 10 201143017 和III-Ν 一極體本身固有地能以較高的電路切換速度操 作而不產生大的EMI,其它的電路寄生效應仍然產生 EMI、或對在電路内的麵產生作出貢獻。因此,減少 或消除此些寄生效應的佈局配置係必需的,以為了使該 電路以較高的切換速度操作,而不產生大的EMI。 第4圖和第5圖個別顯示一單—電子元件的一透視 圖和-顯露的平面視圖,該單一電子元件可用於取代在 第1圖的升壓轉換器電路中的電晶體11和二極體12。 使用電子7G件2G取代在升壓轉換器電路的電晶體)i和 二極體12’即使在當操作期間增加電晶體切換速度時, 可導致由該電路產生減少或可Ή的EMI,其t電晶體 11和二極體12每一者個別地封裝。第4圖的透視圖僅 顯不β玄電子元件的封裝,而第5圖的平面視圖示例說明 該封裝的部份'和封人或封進該封裝的電子裝置。該電 子裝置2〇包含:一 ηΐ_Ν電晶體21和ΙΠ-Ν整流裝置22, 其皆封入、或包入、封進一單一封裝中。 你平一封裴包含:封進的結構部份,例如一外殼^ -封裝基冑23、和非結構部份’例如引線9卜%。女 在此所使用者,-封裝的「結構部份」係形成該封菜 基本形狀或製模的部份,和提供必需保護包入的裝置 封裝的結構剛度。在很多情況中,當包含—封裝的一 子,件使用於-離散電路時,該封裝的—結構部份直 裝設於電路或電路板。在第4圖的單—封裝中,該封 基。"3係由電傳導材料形成,例如該封裝基部23係 201143017 封裝的電傳導結構部份,及外殼24係由絶緣材料組成。 該單-封裝包含:至少三條引線、一問極引線91、一源 極引線94、和一陰極引線95,可選擇性地包含:至少二 條額外的引線,例如開放引線(〇pen丨ead) 92和源極引 線93。引線91-95每一者係由電傳導材料形成。源極引 線(當被包含時)可電連接至封裝基部23、或從封裝基 部23電隔離,和所有其它的引線從封裝基部電隔離。如 同在此所使用者,二或多個接點或其它物項若其藉由足 以導通以確保在接點或其它物項的每—者之電位所欲為 相同(例如在任何偏壓條件下在所有時間點大約相同) 的材料連接,可被視為「電連接」。 如同在此所使用者,「單一封裝」係包含包入的、封進 的封入的4多個電子裝置或元件(例如ni_Nm 2!和m-N整流裝置22)的一封裝,其並不每一者分離 於另-者個別地封人或封進—封裝中。意即,單—封裝 可具有《夕個電子i置所位於其内的周圍,和不具有 在該單-封裝内分離或在該等電子裝置中的—者和另_ 者之間的空間之封裝。單—封裝包含:結構部份,例如 第4圖中的封裝基部23和外殼24,其可形成包入電子 裝置或兀件的單-凹處。或者,包含在該封裝中的電子 裝置或元件可由該封裝基部支標,及單-外殼24可在包 入的電子裝置或元件周圍模製,以使得該單—封裝不包 :任何凹處或數個凹處(例如該單—封裝不具有任何凹 或數個凹處),及外殼材料接觸包入的電子裝置或元 12 201143017 ^外殼24的底面積(例如平行於該封裝基部23的主 表面測量的外殼之面積) 檟)了低於900平方毫米(square —)、低於400平方毫米、或低於ι〇〇平方毫米。 所包入的電子裝置或元件可由該封裝基部η支樓。不且 :在該等電子裝置的任何者之間的封裝基部材料或外殼 材料,例如若具有由外殼24所形成的一凹處,該凹處可 為-連續的凹處。在包人該單—封裝中的各種電子裝置 或元件之間的連接可為打線接合(wirebQnding)、或可 由打線接合形成。在各種包入的電子裝置或元件之間的 連接、及其對另—者或該封裝的部份之連接並不由在一 電路板上的電路線路形成4即,在該單—封裝中的凹 處之内部不具有電路線路(例如沉積在電路板上的傳導 電路線路)U裝具有機械完整性,Μ 外的外殼。 貝 如同第6圖所示者,在一些具體實施例中,封裝基部 23和外殼24可由傳導外豸123取代,例如電傳導結構 伤’其完全地g繞在封人的電晶體關,在其外殼甲 源極引線93 (當包含時)電連接至料外殼,或從傳導 外殼電隔離’及所有其它引線從傳導外殼電隔離。 ΙΙΙ·Ν電晶體21可為場效電晶體(FET),例如高電子 遷移率電晶體(HEMT)、異質接面電晶體(hfet)、 POLFET、贿、MESFET、CAVET、或任何其它適合於 功率切換應用的ΙΠ_Ν電晶體結構。適合於功率切換應用 的⑴電晶體的實例可見於美國公開號 13 201143017 2009-0072272 ’其於2009年3月19日公開、美國公開 號2009-0072240,其於2009年3月19日公開、美國公 開號2009-0146185,其於2009年6月11日公開、美國 專利申請號12/1〇8,449,其於2008年4月23曰提出申 請、美國專利申請號12/332,284,其於2008年12月1〇 曰提出申請、美國專利申請號i 2/3 68,248,其於2009年 2月9日提出申請、及美國公開號2〇〇9_〇〇72269,其於 2009年3月19日公開,全部在此藉由參考方式併入。 在一些實施中,III-N電晶體2 1係一增強模式(E_mode ) 裝置(例如一般性地為關閉的裝置),以使得臨界電壓高 於ον,例如大約或大於2Ve在其它實施中, ΠΙ-Ν電晶體係空乏模式(D_m〇de )裝置(例如一般性地 為開啟的裝置),以使得臨界電壓低於〇v。在功率切換 應用中增強模式裝置為較佳的,以為了避免一旦裝置或 電路固障時’裝置突然地開啟。在一些實施中則電 晶體係高電壓切換電晶體。如同在此所使用者,高電 壓切換電晶體係最佳地用於高電壓切換應用的電晶體。 意即,當電晶體關閉時,其能夠阻絶高電壓,例如大約 靡或更高、大約_v或更高、及大約卿或更高, 及當電晶體開啟時’其對所使用在的應用中具有足夠低 的開啟電阻(。n-resistance,R〇N) ’例如當大量電流流經 該裝置時,其承受足夠低的導通損失。 III-N電晶體2i可為一橫向裝 主道抽+ 其在從所有電極的 +導體本體的對側上具有絶緣或半絶緣部份,例如在第 14 201143017 7圖所示例說明的III-N HEMT。在一些實施中,半絶緣 層係藉由摻雜半導體層以提供該層電絶緣來形成,雖然 並不如同一些絶緣材料般的絶緣。第7圖的ΠΙ Ν ηεμτ 包含:絶緣或半絶緣部份61、含有ιπ-Ν緩衝層63的半 導體本體62,例如GaN層和出以層載子層64,如A1GaN 層、二維電子氣(2DEG)通道65、源極電極25、閘極 電極26、和汲極電極27 β ΙΠ_Ν HEMT可選擇性地包含 一傳導或半傳導部份66 ’例如矽基材。 在一些實施中,並不包含傳導或半傳導部份66,及絶 緣或半絶緣部份61係絶緣或半絶緣基材或載體晶圓。在 其它實施中,傳導或半傳導部份66被包含及其係一石夕基 材或—電傳導載體晶圓,和絶緣或半絶緣部份61係絶緣 或半絶緣ΙΠ-Ν層。如在此所使用者,「基材」係半導體 裝置的半導體材料層蠢晶生長的頂部之材料層,以使得 接觸或相鄰於該基㈣半導體材料的部份之晶體結構至 少部份地符合或至少部份地由基材的晶體結構決定。在 基材並不對流經該半導體裝置的電流的 導通作出任何貢獻 ιττ w 半導為在從所有電極的 裝置#…十側上具有絶緣或半絶緣部份之橫向 :’因為當裝設ΠΙ·Ν電晶體21在該封裝内 ’在相對電極的一側上的裝置之表面(例 可直接裝設於封裝基部23, 而·,,、而絶緣墊片,例如在 \電曰曰體21和封裝基部23之間的 舉例而言,當不包含僂導 sim)」。 3傳導或+傳導部份66時,絶緣或半 15 201143017 絶,部份61可直接裝設於封裝基部23,而無需在則 電晶體和封裝基部23之間的絶緣塾片,&當包含傳 導或半傳導部份66時,該傳導或半傳導部份Μ可直接 裝。又於5亥封裝基部23 ’而無需電晶體2 1和封裝 基部23之間的絶緣塾片。目前使用於傳統功率切換電路 令的電晶體(例如Si c〇〇1M〇s電晶體)典型地為具有在 半導體本體的二側的電極之垂直裝置,因而需要在電晶 和封裝基。p之間的絶緣墊片,其會導致在電晶體操作 期間產生的熱的較差的散逸,及在一些情況中會導致在 電路操作期間產生更多的EMI。 III-N電晶體21亦可包含用於功率切換應用的額外特 徵。此些可包含(但不限於)在閘極和半導體本體之間 的絶緣層、表面鈍化層、場效電板、在閘極下面半導體 本體中的凹處、和額外的半導體層,例如在III-N緩衝層 63和III-N載體層64之間的AIN層或在2deg 和 絶緣或半絶緣部份61 t間、或在2DEG 65和傳導或半 傳導部份66之間的ΙΠ_Ν载體層64、或ΙΠ Ν背載體層 (back-barrier layer) ° ΙΠ-Ν整流裝置22可為ΙΠ_Ν二極體。所使用的 -極體的實例可見於美國專利巾請號12/332,284,其在 2008年12月10日提出申請及在美國公開號 2〇〇9-〇〇72269,其在2009年3月19日公開,其二者藉 由全文參考方式在此併入β ΙΠΝ整流裝置22可為橫向 III-N二極體,其在從所有電極的半導體本體的對側上具 16 201143017 有絶緣或半絶緣部份,例如示例說明於第8圖的二 極體。第8圖的ΙΠ-Ν二極體包含:絶緣或半絶緣部份 6卜半導體本體62’其包含:ΙΙΙ_Ν緩衝層63,例如 和ΠΙ-Ν載體層64’例如A1GaN、及二維電子氣(2deg) 通道65、陽極接點28’其接觸在相對絶緣 “的-側上的半導體本體62和形成與半導體本體二 半導體材料之Sehottky接觸、及陰極接點29,其形成與 咖G通冑65的歐姆接觸。ΠΙ_Ν二極體可選擇性地包 含:傳導或半傳導部份66,例如石夕基材。 在-些實施中’並不包含傳導或半傳導部份Μ,及絶 半絶緣部份61係絶緣或半絶緣基材或載體晶圓。在 :匕實施中,包含傳導或半傳導部份66,及其切 導:體晶:,及絶緣或半絶緣部份係絶緣或半絶 半導體本/使付_整流裝置22為在從所有電極的 =本體62的對側上具有絶緣或半絶緣部份的一橫 向一極體係有益的。當裝設„ 在相對電極的-側上的裝置之表:極體在該封裝内時, 接裝設於封^ 23 表面(例如表面6”可直 二極體22和二^ 柙釕展基部23之間的「塾 而言,當不包含傳導或半傳導部份6/ (Shlm)」。舉例 部㈣可直接裝設於封裝基部23,2,絶緣或半絶緣 體22和封裝基部23之間的絶緣…、需^ HU二極 半傳導部份66時,傳導或半傳導 及當包含傳導或 裝基部23,而無需在 1直接裝設於封 極體22和封裝基部23之 201143017
較差的散逸,及在一 會v致在二極體操作期間產生的熱之 一些情況中會導致在電路操作期間產 生更多的EMI。 使用作為III-N整流裝置22的m_N:極體亦可包含 用於功率切換應用的額外特徵。此些可包含(但不限於) 表面鈍化層、場效電板、在陽極下面半導體本體中的凹 處、和額外的半導體層,例如在ΠΙ_Ν緩衝層63和ΠΙ Ν 載體層64之間的AIN層,或在2DEG 65和絶緣或半絶 緣部份61之間的III-N載體層64、或m_N背載體層
在一些實施中,III-N電晶體21係由下者形成(或包 含):相同於III-N整流裝置22的III-N材料層結構(見 第7圖和第8圖)。在一些實施中,πΐ-Ν電晶體2 1和III-N 整流裝置22共有一共同的基材,或形成於該共同的基材 上。在共同的基材上形成裝置係有益的,因為裝置皆整 合進入單一裸晶’及在電極之間的電接觸可為微影定義 的(lithographically defined),而並非以打線接合形成, 藉此簡化電路和減少生產成本。可由相同III-N材料層結 構形成(或包含相同ΠΙ-Ν材料層結構)、及/或共有一共 同的基材之ΠΙ-Ν電晶體和二極體的實例可見於美國專 利申請號12/3 32,284,其於2008年12月1〇提出申請。 18 201143017 在一些實施中,ΠΙ_Ν整流裝置係第二πι ν電晶體, 如同第9圖所示。ΠΙ_Ν整流裝置藉此當其係由第二出屮 電晶體形成時,意指為ηι_Ν整流裝置22,或第二^ 電晶體22’。舉例而言,jh-n整流裝置22,可由類似於^ 相同於ΙΙΙ-Ν電晶體2 i的結構的ΙΠ Ν電晶體所形成: ΙΗ-Ν電晶體係22’可為高電壓切換電晶體。出卞電晶體 可使用作為電路中(例如升壓轉換器)的整流裝置的插 述方法可見於美國專利申請號12/556,438,其於2〇〇9 = 9月9日提出申請,在此藉由參考方式全文併入。 S III-N二極體係用於ΙΠ_Ν整流裝置22,山七 體21和m-N二極體裝設於單一封裝内,和以下列方= 連接。返回參考至第6圖,電連接器35 39,其可為單二 或多個打線接合,可使用以電連接該封裝的部份 電晶體、…二極體至另-者。则電晶體21和
ΠΙ-Ν二極體22可裝設在具有個別與該封裝基部23接顧 的絶緣或半絶緣基材的封裝内。電晶體21的源極 2電3\25電連接至該封裝的導通結構部份,例如封裝基部 心:替代性地電連接至該封裝的源極引線93,例如 2傳導連接器35。胸電晶體21的閉極電極26電連 该封裝的閘極引I9卜例如藉由傳 I⑽電晶體21的㈣電極27電連接至 L =接觸”如藉由傳導連接器38。汲極電:極: 接觸28皆電連接至該封裝的没極引線,例如藉 了線接合此些接觸/電極的一或二者至汲極引線9心 19 201143017 同所示者係藉由傳哭 觸29電連接 ^ 。極體的陰極接 电建接至该封裝的陰極 接器39。 、 5 ’例如藉由傳導連 當第二1⑽電晶體係使用於u 一咖電晶體21和第二π /裝置22 ’第 封裝内和以下財式連接十m园 在早— 21和第二電曰俨”, …、第9圖,ΠΙ-Ν電晶體 接觸的絶緣二=設在具有個別與該封裝基部23 源極電極的封裝内。ΠΙ·Ν電晶體21的 電連接至该封裝的導诵社 基部23,戋可替祌❿構邛伤,例如封裝 A代性地電連接 例如藉由傳導連接考以 封裝的源極引線93, 電連接$ ° 。ΠΙ·Ν電晶體21的閘極電極26 電連接至該封裝的閘極引 91。ΙΙΤ Μ Φ a 1線91例如藉由傳導連接器 1 ΠΙ~Ν電晶體21的汲炻雷拓n兩 雷曰骑, 妁汲極電極27電連接至第二ΙΙΙ_Ν 電日日體22 ’的源極電極28, — 例如藉由傳導連接器3 8。第 —電晶體的汲極電極27和第_ 、 乐一電日日體的源極電極28,二 電連接至該封裝的汲極引壤 ^ , 蚀51踝94,例如藉由打線接合此 ·=電極的.一或二者$、、芬# /及極引線,例如藉由傳導連接器 。二則電晶體22’的汲極電極29,電連接至該封 的陰極引線95,例如藉由傳導連接器39。第二„ΙΝ 電晶體22,的間極電極58,可電連接至該封裝的引線& 例如藉由傳導連接器59。 當第6圖的電子元件使用於升壓轉換器電路或在許多 其它電路中時,m-N電晶體21的源極電極25電連接至 DC接地、AC接地、或電路接地。如同在此所使用者, 20 201143017 節點、裝置、層或元件若其在操作期間於所有的時間點 維持在固定的DC電位,可被視為「Ac接地(从 grounded)」。AC和DC接地可共同意指為「電路接地 (circuit grounded)」。當源極電極25電連接至封裝基部 23時,源極電極25可藉由裝設封裝基部23至電路二 地面’而為DC或AC接地。在此情況中,可忽略封裝引 線92和93,導致封裝僅具有3條引線,其具有例如間 極引線9i的-引線,其連接至電晶體閑極電極%、例 如汲極弓丨線94的一引線,其連接至電晶體没極電極27、 及例如陰極引線95的一引線’其連接至二極體陰極接觸 29。形成僅具有三條引線的裝置係有益的因為具有許 多僅可用於3條引線的標準商業可獲用的封裝。當該封 3有源極引線93,及該源極電極25電連接至源極 引線93 ’該源極電極25藉由連接源則線93至電路接 地,或另外地使源極引線93電連接至封裝基部Μ和連 接封裝基部至電路接地,而可為DC或AC接地。無關於 在封裝上引線的數目,引線可從該封裝的—側到另一側 、任何所欲人序排序’此次序並不限於顯示於第6圖的 實例。理想上’可排序此些引線以使得所有電連接器的 總長度及/或電晶體、二極體、封裝引線網絡的總底面積 (f〇〇tPrint)最小化,藉此減小寄生效應和潛在性地減 小在電路操作期間所產生的刪。 雖然所欲者為使得第6圖和第9圖的m_N電晶體21 為增強模式裝置’在實施上其難以製造具有足夠大於ov 21 201143017 而又具有使用於古 的則電晶體Λ功率切換應用的所欲特性之臨界電壓 _ r 此問題可藉由下列方式解決:使用/古 電壓III-N空乏俨 听穴便用一问 空乏模式電晶體^⑶一0電晶體21,,其在此為則 其在此為增強模式i:及一低電壓增強模式電晶體,41 弋电日日體(E-mode )電晶體4〗. ^ 第6圖中的㈣ :電曰3體41,來取代 第10圖顯示可用 、肖帛10圖所示連接。 用於取代第1圖的升壓轉拖毋办 晶體11和二極體”土 _升壓轉換器電路的電 u賵12二者的另外單一 視圖。使用電子元# 的平面 電子…0取代在升壓轉 體η和二極體12,並中 Μ的電明 別地封裝,盆可導致:體1和二極體12每-者個 -的切換速度操作時減少或可忽略的由該電路 ΕΜΙ。第10圖中的顯露平面視 . 封入該封裝t的電子Μ" “ ㈣裝的部份和 -包含:全部封入一單一封褒的—高電厂堅;電^置 :電晶體21’、一低電壓增強模式 了 整流裳置22。使用於第圖的單—電子元钍和— 與個別使用於第6圖和第9圖的單—電二件4〇的封裝 相同,例如用於單一電子元件4。的封裝子::一 裝。ΠΙ_Ν整流裝置U可為m-N二極體,如门第4圖的封 :戈替代性地為-第二m_N電晶體,如第=6圓者, 與第6圖或第9圖中的單—電子元件中^者,及具有 22相同的需求和結構。 U…整流裝置 山卞空乏模式(D_mode )電晶體2 ρ 阿電壓裝置, 22 201143017 及藉此至少能夠隔絶橫跨於第1圖的傳統升壓轉換器電 路中的電晶體π的降落的最大壓降,其用於高電壓應用 可為300V、600V、1200V,或其它應用上所需的其它適 當隔絶電壓。換言之’ III-N空乏模式(D — mode)電晶體 21’可隔絶0V和至少Vmax之間的任何電壓,其中乂111狀係 橫跨於電晶體11降落的最大電壓。在一些實施中,IIIN 工乏模式電晶體21可隔絶在〇v和至少2* Vmax之間的 任何電壓。典型的用於高電壓裝置的ΙΠΝ空乏模式 (D-mode )電晶體臨界電壓ν出大約為jv至]〇ν (D-m〇de=負Vth)。增強模式(E_mode)電晶體41可隔 絶0V和至少|Vth|之間的任何電壓,其中|vth丨係JII-N空 乏模式(D-mode)電晶體21,的臨界電壓之大小(絶對 值)。在一些實施中’增強模式(E—mode)電晶體41可 隔絶在0V和至少大約2*|Vth|之間的任何電壓。因此, ^必須能夠隔絶的電壓實質地低於電路高電壓時,增強 模式電晶體41係低電壓裝置。在一些實施中,空 乏模式(D-mode )電晶體21,可隔絶〇v和至少大約1200V 之間的任何電壓’和具有大約為_5V的臨界電壓,及增 強模式(E-mode)電晶體41可隔絶在〇v和至少大約5V 之間的任何電壓’例如至少大約丨〇V。在一些實施中, III-N空乏模式(D-m〇de)電晶體21’係高電壓III-N HEMT 裝置’而增強模式(E-mode)電晶體41係Si MOS裝置 或ΠΙ·Ν HEMT裝置。在其它實施中,增強模式(E-mode ) 電晶體41係氮面(nitr〇gen face) ιπ_ν裝置,而ιπ_ν 23 201143017 空乏模式(D-mode)電晶體21,係III-面(m_face) m_N 裝置。 當ΙΙΙ-Ν二極體係用於ΠΙ_ν整流裝置22,及Si M〇s 裝置係用於增強模式(E-mode )電晶體4 1,in-N空乏 模式(D-m〇de)電晶體21,、增強模式(E_m〇de)電晶 體41、和III-N二極體22裝設於單一封裝内部,及如同 下列方式連接。參照至第10圖’電連接器37,、38,、39 和52 55,其可為單一或多打線接合,可用於電連接該封 裝的部份、III-N空乏模式(D-m〇de)電晶體21,、增強 模式(E-mode)電晶體4卜及III-N二極體22至另一者。 ΠΙ_Ν空乏模式(D-mode)電晶體21,和in-N二極體22 二者可裝設於具有個別與封裝基部23接觸的絶緣或半 絶緣基材、或個別傳導或半傳導基材的封裝内,而增強 模式(E-mode)電晶體41裝設於絶緣層上,及相對增強 模式(E-mode )電晶體41的墊片之側部接觸封裝基部 23。對傳統SiM0S裝置需在“厘㈤裝置和封裝基部μ 之間置入絶緣墊片,因為傳統si M〇s裝置傾向為:在 從其源極電極42的半導體本體的相對端上具有汲極接 觸的垂直裝置。則空乏模式(D_m〇de)電晶體2ι,的 閘極電極26’和增強模式(E_m〇de)電晶體源極電極a (Si MOS裝置的源極電極)皆電連接至該封裝的傳導於 構部伤’例如封裝基部23 ’或替代性地電連接至該封事 的源極引、線93。傳導連接器55可使用於電連接增強模 式(E-mode)電晶體源極電極42至該封裝基部,或 24 201143017 電連接至源極引線93。择 電極G ( Si M〇s掌置^輪式(£,油)電晶體閘極 間極引峻、置的間極電極)電連接至該封裝的 引線91,例如藉由傳導連接器 (E-mode)電晶體汲極 a強模式 权、+ Α 電極44 (Si MOS裝置的汲極雷 極)電連接至空之槿―極電 、式(D-m〇de )電晶體2 1,的湄 極接觸25,,例如藉由 旳源 田得導連接盗52。m-N空乏模式 (一)電晶體21’的沒極電極”,電連接至胸二 極體的陽極接觸28,例 例如藉由傳導連接器53。汲極電極 玉接觸28皆電連接至該封裝的没極引線94,例 如猎:打線接合此些接觸/電極的一或二者至沒極引線 Π_Ν二極體的陰極接觸29電連接至該封裝的陰極 引線95,例如藉由傳導連接器39。 當低電壓m-N增強模式裝置使用於增強模式 (E-m〇de)電晶體41,電連接與第1〇圖所示者相同。 然而’低電壓m-N增強模式裝置可包含:絶緣或半絶緣 部份’例如絶緣和半絶緣基材’在其中j工I _ N增強模式裝 置可直接裝設於具有與該封裝基部接觸或在該封裝基部 23和裝置通道之間的絶緣或半绝緣部份的該封裝基部 23 〇 在第10圖中的組件60’其包含:如同所示連接的高 電壓III-N空乏模式(D-mode)電晶體21,和低電壓增強 模式(E-mode)電晶體41,可類似或相同於單一高電壓 ΠΙ-Ν增強模式(E_mode)電晶體來操作,例如一般性地 為關閉的開關,其具有和增強模式(E_m〇de)電晶體41 25 201143017 大約相同的臨界電壓和類似於m_N空乏模式(D , 電晶體2丨,的崩潰電壓。意即,施用至相對於該封裝基部 23的閘極引線91或源極引線%的輸人電壓訊號可在沒 極引線94處產生:相同於當單一高電壓Πι ν增強模式 (E-mode )電晶體取代組件6〇和如第6圖和第9圖所示 連接時所產生的輸出訊號。高電壓ΙΠ_Ν空乏模式 (E)-m〇de)電晶體和低電壓增強模式(E-m〇de)電晶體 皆可較輕易地製造,及相對於高電壓m_N增強模式 (E-mode)裝置可再生產地製造,故第1〇圖的電子元件 個別相對於第6圖和第9圖的電子㈣2()和2〇,較容 易製造。 使用第6圖的電子元件2G的升壓轉換器電路的電路示 意圖顯示於第U圖中,而第12圖顯示使用第1〇圖的電 子元件40的升壓轉換器電路的電路示意圖。在第"圖 和第12圖中’節•點191電連接至電子元件2〇<4〇的封 裝引線…、節點194電連接至電子元件2〇或4〇的封裝 引線94、節點195電連接至電子元件2〇或4〇的封裝引 線9 5 ’及印點19 3雷遠搞5 壯?丨& 冤運接至封裝引線93或電連接至電 子元件20或40的封裝基部23。 第13圖顯示由申請人在電路操作期間在第η圖的升 壓轉換H電路㈣出節點5所測量的輪出電壓雜訊對時 間的示圖》對此測量而言’高電a ΙΠ·Ν空乏模式 (D-m〇de)異質接面場效電晶體可用於ΠΙ_Ν空乏模式 (D-modO電晶體21,,低電壓^ m〇s增強模式 26 201143017 (E-mode)裝置可使用於增強模式(E m〇de)電晶體41, III-N二極體可使用於二極體22,及電路操作條件與第3 圖者相同。電晶體以2〇〇v〇〗ts/nanosecond的切換速度切 換如同所觀察者’在輸出節點5所測量的振鈴9相較 於在第3圖中在輸出節點測量的振鈐小得多。峰值輸出 電壓雜訊低於IV,其小於在第3圖中測量的峰值輸出電 壓雜訊10倍以上。若個別使用第6圖和第9圖的電子元 件20或20’以取代電子元件4〇,如同第丨丨圖的電路, 即使使用進一步的及/或更高的切換速度,亦可減少emi 而不產生較高準位的EMI。 在第12圖的電路中所觀察到的EMI的減少,其相較 於在第3圖中包含小數量的離散裝置而其中個別地封裝 電晶體和二極體的升壓轉換器電路所示例說明者,可歸 因於寄生電阻、電容、及/或電感的減少,此些減少可藉 由使用封入所有二極體和電晶體的單一封裝來促進。在 第1圖的電路中,其中電晶體u和二極體12個別地封 裝電路底面積的面積和電連接的長度係由個別的封裝 所限制而太大’因此導致不能容忍的高寄生效應和產生 大的EMI,即使係當m_N裝置係使用於電晶體u和電 晶體12 Μ吏用封入或封進在帛12 的電路中的整流裝 置和電晶體的單-封裝可允許較小的電路底面積和較短 的電連接器’例如在電極和元件之間的打線接合,藉此 減小寄生電阻、電容、及/或電感。因此,個別的第6圖、 $ 9@'和第iO圖的電子元件2〇、2〇,需經組態以使得 27 201143017 寄生電阻、電容和電感最小化,例如其需經組態以使得 底面積的面積和電連接器的長度最小化。對第10圖的電 子兀件40而言,當si M〇s裝置使用於增強模式 (E-mode)電晶體41時’對Si M〇s裝置具有儘可能小 的汲極面積(如平行於該封裝基部23的主表面所測量 者)亦為較佳的,因為大的汲極對接地電容(其導因於 僅藉由絶緣墊片從封裝基部23分離的汲極)可進一步在 電路產生EM卜再者,因為第6圖和第9圖的電子元件 2〇和20,相較於第1〇圖中的電子元件4〇,個別地包含較 少數量的離散裝置,及在電子元件2〇和2〇,中的所有二 極體和電晶體可裝設於封包基部23,而無需絶緣墊片, 由使用電子元件20 < 20’的電路所產生#麵甚至小於 將電子7L件20或20’以電子元件4〇φ_代的相同電路所產 生的ΕΜΙ,及/或可使用較高的切換速度,而不產生較高 準位的ΕΜΙ。 第14圖和第15圖顯示第12圖的升壓轉換器的效率 121和功率損失122對輸出功率的示圖,其包含第1〇圖 的電子元件40。電子元件4〇包含:一高電壓ιπ ν空之 模式ΗΕΜΤ、一低電壓增強模式Si MOS電晶體、及一 III-N一極體。就第14圖和第15圖二者的測量,電壓從 200V轉換至4請,例如轉換率為1:2。就第14圖的測 量,電路操作於1〇〇kHz的㈣,而就第15圓的測量, 電路操作於1廳的頻率。如在第Μ圖所觀察到者,在 職HZ時升壓轉換器在大約5叫谓w之間的所有輸 28 201143017 出功率呈現大於97.8%的效率,其具有大於約99%的峰 值效率。如同第15圖所觀察者,在1MHz時升壓轉換器 在大約50W和700W之間的所有輸出功率呈現大於 91.8°/。的效率,其具有大於約97.8%的峰值效率。 已描述了數個實施。然而,將可了解到可作出各種修 正,而不偏離在此描述的技術和裝置的精神和範圍。從 而,其它實施係在接續的申請專利範圍的範疇中。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係習知技術的電壓轉換器電路之電路示意圖。 第2圖係在第丨圖中的電路之電晶體的電晶體源極-汲 極電流對時間和源極-汲極電壓對時間的代表圖。 第3圖係在第1圖中的電壓轉換器電路之輸出節點上 暫態電壓雜訊對時間之示圖。 第4圖和第5圖個別係電子元件的透視視圖和顯露平 面視圖。 第6圖係電子元件的透視圖。 第7圖係III-N HEMT裝置的示意性橫截面視圖。 第8圖係ΙΠ-Ν二極體的示意性橫截面視圖。 第9圖和第1〇圖係電子元件的顯露平面視圖。 第11圖和第12圖係電壓轉換器電路的電路示意圖。 第13圖係在第12圖的電壓轉換器電路的輸出節點上 暫態電壓雜訊對時間之示圖。 29 201143017 第14圖和第15圖係 和功率損失對輸出功率 在不同的圖式中相同 【主要元件符號說明】 5輸出節點 10電感器 11電晶體 12二極體 13電容器 14整流裝置 15電容器 20 ' 20’電子元件 21、 21’ ΐπ·Ν 電晶體 22、 22’ ΙΠ_Ν整流裝置 2 3封裝基部 24外殼 2 5源極電極 25’源極接觸 26 ' 26'閘極電極 27、 27’汲極電極 28、 28’陽極接點 29陰極接點 第 1 2 〇 u 圖的升壓轉換器電路的效率 之示圖。 >考符號代表相同的元件。 41增強模式電晶體 増強模式電晶體源極電.極 43増強模式電晶體閘極電極 44增強模式電晶體汲極電極 52_55電連接器 59傳導連接器 6〇組件 61絶緣或半絶緣部份 62半導體本體 63 ΙΙΙ_ν緩衝層 64 ΙΙΙ-Ν載體層 65二維電子氣(2DEG)通道 66傳導或半傳導部份 68 、 69表面 91_95引線 123傳導外殼 191、193、194、195 節點 30 201143017 29’汲極電極 3 5-39電連接器 37’、38’電連接器 40電子元件

Claims (1)

  1. 201143017 七、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種電子元件,其包含: 一 III-N電晶體; 一 III-N整流裝置;及 一單一封裝,其封入該III-N電晶體和該III-N整流裝 置二者;其中 該III-N電晶體的一閘極電極電連接至該單一封裝的 一第一引線,或電連接至該單一封裝的一傳導結構部 份,該III-N電晶體的一汲極電極電連接至該單一封裝的 一第二引線,及電連接至該III-N整流裝置的一第一電 極,及該III-N整流裝置的一第二電極電連接至該單一封 裝的一第三引線。 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電子元件,其中該III-N 電晶體係一場效電晶體。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電子元件,其中該III-N 電晶體係一高電壓切換電晶體。 4如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電子元件,其中該III-N 電晶體係一增強模式裝置。 5.如申請專利範圍第1項所述之電子元件,其中該III-N 32 201143017 整流裝 及該第 置係一III-N二極體,該第_ 二電極係一陰極電極。 電極係一陽極電極, 曰如申專利範圍帛5項所述之電子元件,其中該III-N 、或該ΙΙΙ-Ν二極體係一橫向裝置,其包含:一絶緣 5色緣。卩伤,及該絶緣或半絶緣部份直接裝設於該單 ▲ w裝的口玄傳導結構部份,而不具有在該ΙΠ-Ν電晶體和 5亥早:封裝的該傳導結構部份之間、或在該ιη_Ν二極體 和該單一封裝的該傳導結構部份之間的一絕緣墊片。 7·如申請專利範圍第6項所述之電子元件,其中該絶緣 或半絶緣部份係一絶緣或半絶緣基材。 申叫專利範圍第5項所述之電子元件,其中該 電晶體或該ΙΙΙ_Ν二極體係一橫向裝置,其包含:一傳導 或半傳導基材,及一絶緣或半絶緣ΙΙΙ-Ν層係在傳導或半 傳導基材和該ΙΠ_Ν電晶體或該ΙΠ_ν二極體的一通道之 間’其中該傳導或半傳導基材可直接裝設於該單一封裝 的該傳導結構部份’而不具有在該ΠΙ_Ν電晶體和該單— 封裝的該傳導結構部份之間、或在該ΙΙΙ-Ν二極體和該單 一封裝的該傳導結構部份之間的一絕緣墊片。 9.如申請專利範圍第8項所述之電子元件,其中該傳導 或半傳導基材係一矽基材。 33 201143017 1 〇·如申清專利範圍第5項所述之電子元件,其中該 ΠΙ-Ν電晶體和該ΠΙΝ:極體位於—共同的基材上。 11. 如申請專利範圍帛1項所述之電子元件,其中該 ΙΙΙ-Ν電日日體係_第—m_N電晶體,及該hn整流裝 置係一第二Πΐ_Ν電晶體。 12. 如申請專利範圍第u項所述之電子元件其中該第 一 III-N電晶體或該第二m_N電晶體係一橫向裝置,其 包含:-絶緣或半絶緣部份,及該絶緣或半絶緣部份直 接裝設於該單—封I的該傳導結構部份’而不具有在該 第一 Πϊ-Ν電晶體和該單一封裝的該傳導結構部份: 間、或在該第二ΠΙ_Ν電晶體和該單—封裝的該傳導 部份之間的一絕緣墊片。 14.如申請專利範圍第"項所述之電子元件,其中該第 一㈣電晶體或該第〔_電晶體係—橫向裳置: 包含/料Μ傳導料、及㈣科或半傳導基材 和該第一削電晶體或該第二則電晶體的—通道之 間的-絶緣或半絶、缘㈣層,其中該傳導或 直接裝設於該單-封裝的該傳導結構部份,而不具= 34 201143017 忒III-N電晶體和該單一封裝的該傳導結構部份之間或 在該III-N二極體和該單一封裝的該傳導結構部份之間 的一絕緣塾片。 15. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之電子元件其中該傳 導或半傳導基材係一碎基材。 16. 如申睛專利範圍第u項所述之電子元件其中該第 一 III-N電晶體和該第二ΠΙ_Ν電晶體形成於一共同的基 材上。 17·如申凊專利範圍第1項所述之電子元件,其中該 ΙΙΙ-Ν電晶體的—源極電極電連接至該單一封裝的一傳 導結構部份’或電連接至該單—料的-源極引線。 如申請專利範圍第丨項所述之電子元件其牛該 HI-N電晶體係—m_N空乏模式電晶體,及該電子元件 進步包含.封入該單一封裝的一增強模式電晶體,該 增強模式電晶體包含:-增強模式電晶體源極電極、一 ,曰你保A % «強模式電晶體閘極電極、 極’其中該增強模式電晶體源極電極電連接至該單一 ^ 裝的該傳導結構部份’或電連接至該單一封包的一源* 引線’增強模式電晶體没極電極電連接至該m_N。 模式電晶體的-源極電極,及該增強模式電晶體問極$ 35 201143017 極電連接至該單一封裝的該第一引線。 1 9.如申請專利範圍第1 8項所述之電子元件,其中該 III-N空乏模式電晶體係一高電壓切換電晶體及該增強 模式電晶體係一低電壓電晶體。 2〇.如申請專利範圍第19項所述之電子元件,其中該增 強模式電晶體係一 Si MOS裝置。 21·—種包含如申請專利範圍第丨項所述之電子元件的電 壓轉換器。 22. 一種當操作在至少100kHz的頻率和一轉換比率1:2 時具有大於97.8%的效率和低於i v〇it的峰值輸出電壓 雜訊的電壓轉換器。 23. 如申請專利範圍第22項所述之電壓轉換器,其中當 該電壓轉換器操作於至少1MHz的頻率時,效率大於 97·8%和峰值輸出電壓雜訊低於1 Volt。 24. 如申請專利範圍第22項所述之電壓轉換器,其包 3 .能操作做為一般性地為關閉的開關之一裝置。 25. 如申請專利範圍第24項所述之電壓轉換器,其中該 36 201143017 裝置係一增強模式m-N電晶體。 26.如申請專利範圍第24項所述之電磨轉換器其中該 裝置係包含-低電壓增強模式電晶體和一高電壓空乏模 式電晶體的一組件。 壓空乏模式電晶體係一 III-N電晶體。 27.如申請專利範圍第26項 低電壓增強模式電晶體係— 所述之電壓轉換器,其中該 Si MOS電晶體,和該高電 28. -種用於操作在—功率切換電路巾的—切換電晶體 之方法,其包含以下步驟:相對於該切換電晶體的一源 極’切換該切換電晶體的一閘極上的電壓從高於一電晶 體臨界電壓的值至低於該電晶體臨界電塵的值或從低 於該電b曰曰體臨界電_值纟高於該冑曰曰曰冑臨界電壓的 值,其中該電壓係以大約150v〇hs/nan〇sec〇nd或更高的 速率來切換。 A如申請專利範圍第28項所述之方法,其中該功率切 換電路的一峰值輸出電壓雜訊低於IV。 37
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