EP3583371A1 - Appareil à calandre muni de déflecteurs - Google Patents

Appareil à calandre muni de déflecteurs

Info

Publication number
EP3583371A1
EP3583371A1 EP18706410.0A EP18706410A EP3583371A1 EP 3583371 A1 EP3583371 A1 EP 3583371A1 EP 18706410 A EP18706410 A EP 18706410A EP 3583371 A1 EP3583371 A1 EP 3583371A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tabs
baffles
tubes
shell
baffle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18706410.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3583371B1 (fr
Inventor
Enrico Rizzi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Casale SA
Original Assignee
Casale SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Casale SA filed Critical Casale SA
Publication of EP3583371A1 publication Critical patent/EP3583371A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3583371B1 publication Critical patent/EP3583371B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1607—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0131—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • F28F9/0226—Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers with resilient gaskets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/24—Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/30—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for preventing vibrations

Definitions

  • Known shell-and-tube apparatus comprise baffles which have essentially two functions: a fluid-dynamic function of deviating and/or accelerating the fluid in the shell side, thus increasing the heat exchange coefficient; and a structural function for preventing vibration of the tubes;
  • US 5 058 664 and US 5 642 778 disclose a known method for manufacturing baffles consisting of a rod-baffle supported by a framework.
  • EP 2 469 215 discloses baffles formed by thin plates which intersect forming a grille and which are inclined so as to deflect the shell-side flow.
  • the prior art shell-and-tube apparatus generally have a transversal shell-side flow. This term denotes that the gaseous flow outside and around the tubes is mainly directed perpendicular to the axis of tubes. This arrangement typically involves a number of passages crossing various sections of the tube bundle between consecutive baffles.
  • a transversal shell-side is generally preferred to provide a good heat exchange between the gaseous flow and the surface of tubes.
  • baffles provide a proper sealing of the tube bundle sections, to avoid gas bypass from one section to another.
  • the baffle must create a sealing collar around each tube which, however, may increase the cost and/or may render the insertion of tubes more difficult.
  • EP 3 1 15 734 describes baffles which allow the free insertion of tubes and their subsequent locking.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a novel method for manufacturing baffles of shell-and-tube apparatus which is advantageous both from the structural point of view and from the point of view of internal fluid dynamics.
  • the baffles are substantially flat elements perpendicular to the axis of the tubes (i.e. to the axis of the tube bundle).
  • the tabs extend from the surface of the respective baffle in a direction parallel to the axis of the tube bundle or in a direction inclined relative to said axis.
  • the shell-side gaseous flow is axial or predominantly axial. Accordingly the gas input(s) and gas output(s) of the shell side of the apparatus are arranged to provide said axial or predominantly axial flow.
  • at least some of said tabs are fluid-dynamic tabs adapted to deviate (e.g. incline of a given angle) the shell-side gaseous flow from the main axial direction.
  • the apparatus comprises baffles with differently configured tabs.
  • the apparatus may comprise two or more sets of baffles in which each set has a specific configuration of tabs.
  • the term "configuration" may comprise one or more features such as for example shape, size and orientation of the tabs. Baffles with different configurations may be suitably distributed along the tube bundle, for example they can alternate with each other.
  • said sequence of baffles may create supports for the tubes according to different planes for effectively dampening the vibrations.
  • the tabs of adjacent baffles rest advantageously on a same tube according to different support planes.
  • an apparatus comprises at least a first set of baffles with a first configuration of tabs, and a second set of baffles with a second configuration of tabs, wherein the second configuration is conjugate to the first configuration and the baffles of the first set and second set alternate along at least part of the tube bundle.
  • a baffle with the first configuration of tabs faces, and is adjacent to, a baffle with the second configuration of tabs, and so on.
  • the shell-side flow therefore encounters alternately tabs of the first configuration and tabs of the second configuration. Said tabs in a conjugate configuration cooperate to give the shell-side fluid a desired fluid dynamic effect. According to preferred embodiments, said fluid-dynamic effect results in essentially sinusoidal or essentially helical flow lines.
  • the embodiments with a sinusoidal shell-side flow and the embodiments with a helical shell-side flow may be combined with each other, for example by configuring the baffles for obtaining a sinusoidal flow along at least part of tube bundle and a helical flow along at least another part of the tube bundle.
  • a single baffle may comprise tabs with a different configuration. Accordingly, for example, different portions of a single baffle have a different fluid-dynamic effect.
  • the tabs may have various forms. In a first embodiment, the tabs have a substantially two-dimensional form wherein one size, for example the thickness, is significantly smaller than the other two sizes. In another embodiment the tabs have a substantially mono-dimensional form in which one size is predominant over the other two. The tabs may have a polygonal form or a more complex form.
  • the fluid-dynamic effect has the advantage of increasing the heat exchange coefficient and optimising the shell-side flow, exploiting the passages through the baffles for this purpose without introducing substantive additional head losses.
  • the suitably directed shell-side flow for example with sinusoidal or helical lines, runs over all tubes and allows full exploitation of the tube bundle.
  • the openings for the tubes are formed in the metal plate of the baffle, advantageously with a punching or cutting process, and said tabs are formed by strips of material of the metal plate, generated by the cutting or punching of the openings, and bent in appropriate manner.
  • Preferred cutting techniques comprise laser cutting and water-jet cutting.
  • the tabs are formed by elements firmly applied on the metal plate at the openings.
  • the tabs are sheet- metal elements applied by means of welding, preferably spot-welding (resistance welding).
  • the baffles comprise advantageously a plate with a small thickness, such that the tabs are elastic and easy to bend.
  • a reinforcing ring welded to the outer edge of the plate can be provided.
  • the second embodiments (applied tabs) have the advantage that the thickness of the tabs may differ from the thickness of the metal plate forming the baffle. For example, the tabs may be thinner to ensure they are elastic and easy to bend.
  • a baffle comprises a metal plate of the desired thickness, with openings for the tubes obtained by means of laser cutting or water-jet cutting; the fluid-dynamic tabs are made from thin sheet metal and are applied on the baffle in the region of the openings by means of spot welds.
  • Another advantage of the invention consists in the possibility of providing differently configured tabs on the same baffle. In this way it is possible to achieve better control of the internal fluid dynamics.
  • Still another advantage of the invention is that the apparatus can have an axial or predominantly axial shell-side flow, which has a smaller pressure drop compared to transversal shell-side flow.
  • the baffles do not need to create a gas-tight seal around tubes, which facilitates their insertion. Thanks to the fluid-dynamic effect of the tabs, the invention provides a good heat exchange combined with the low pressure drop of the axial-flow design.
  • Fig. 2 shows a tube passing through a baffle in an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-section through the baffles and the tubes according to Fig. 3 and shows the shell-side flow lines.
  • Fig. 5 shows a detail of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows a set of baffles in a second variant of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows a set of baffles in a third variant of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-section through the baffles and the tubes according to Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 9 shows a set of baffles in a fourth variant of the invention.
  • Figs. 10 to 13 show a number of variations of embodiment of the tabs of the baffles.
  • Figs. 14 and 15 show further embodiments of the tabs of the baffles. Detailed description
  • Fig. 1 shows in schematic form a shell-and-tube apparatus 1 comprising: a shell 2; a straight-tube bundle 3; a plurality of baffles 5 separated by an interval p; two tube plates 6.
  • Fig. 1 for simpler illustration, only the axes of the tubes are indicated. Moreover the central axis 20 of the tube bundle 3 which is parallel to the axes of the tubes is indicated.
  • Each of the baffles 5 (Fig. 2) comprises essentially a metal disc 10 in which openings 1 1 for allowing the tubes 4 to pass through are formed.
  • the baffle 5 comprises appendix tabs 12 formed by strips of material of the disc 10 which protrude from one side 13 of the disc 10.
  • the openings 1 1 and the tabs 12 may be formed using various methods.
  • the openings 1 1 are obtained by means of partial punching and the tabs 12 are formed by strips of the material of the disc 10, which instead of being removed, remain attached to the disc;
  • the openings 1 1 may be obtained using a suitable cutting method, preferably laser or water-jet cutting, and subsequent bending of strips to form the tabs 12;
  • the tabs 12 are thin sheet- metal elements which are mounted on the disc 10.
  • Each opening 1 1 is passed through by a tube 4 or several tubes 4 depending on the specific embodiment.
  • Figs. 3 to 5 show an embodiment (shift lock type) in which the tubes 4 can be freely inserted into the openings 1 1 , with a certain amount of play, when the baffles 5 are in an axially offset assembly position.
  • the baffles can be locked on the tubes with conjugate linear displacements +f or -f which bring the said baffles into alignment.
  • the direction of said displacements +f , -f is also called locking direction.
  • adjacent baffles are locked by displacements in opposite directions.
  • the set of baffles 5 comprises first baffles 5a having a first configuration of tabs 1 12a and second baffles 6b having a second configuration of tabs 1 12b in which the first baffles 5a and the second baffles 5b alternate with each other in the longitudinal direction of the tube bundle.
  • the figure also shows a tube plate 6.
  • the baffles 5a and 5b can be locked on the tube bundle by means of the linear displacements +f , -f , respectively.
  • the tabs 1 12a with said first configuration protrude from the respective baffles 5a in a direction forming, in a reference plane, a first angle a1 with the direction of the direction of the axis 14 of the tubes and the axis 20 of the tube bundle 3.
  • the tabs 1 12b with said second configuration protrude from the respective baffles 5b in a second direction forming with said direction of the axes 14 and 20, in the same reference plane, a second angle a2 with a sign opposite to that of the first angle a1 (Fig. 5).
  • the upper surface 120 of a tab 1 12a faces the opening 1 1 and comprises a flat surface inclined at said angle a1 relative to the direction of the axis 20 of the tube bundle.
  • the upper surface 121 of a tab 1 12b has a flat surface with an inclination a2 relative to the said axis 20.
  • the tabs 1 12a and 1 12b deviate the shell-side flow inside the apparatus 1 alternately in two different directions, for example upwards and downwards, resulting in substantially sinusoidal flow lines Fs bending upwards or downwards while traversing the first baffles 5a or the second baffles 5b, respectively.
  • the tabs 1 12a, 1 12b are arranged on one side of the opening 1 1 which moves towards the tube 4 as a result of the locking displacement +f or -f, for example on the smaller side of trapezoidal openings 1 1 .
  • the aforementioned tabs 1 12a, 1 12b provide an elastic support for the tubes 4 when the baffles 5a, 5b switch from the assembly position to the locked position.
  • a tube 4 makes a bearing contact alternately according to one direction and according to an opposite direction, for example upwards and downwards.
  • the tubes 4 are wedged between the inclined flanks of the openings 1 1 ; the tabs 1 12a, 1 12b provide an elastic element to recover any play due to the constructional tolerances.
  • the tabs 1 12a, 1 12b have both a fluid dynamic function, determining sinusoidal flow lines, and a structural function of elastically supporting the tubes 4, compensating for play due to the constructional tolerances, and preventing vibrations.
  • Fig. 6 shows a variant of the embodiment of Figs. 3-5, in which the tabs 1 12a, 1 12b are arranged laterally with respect to the locking direction of baffles 5, for example along the converging flanks of the trapezoidal openings 1 1 .
  • Figs. 7 and 8 shows a variant of the twist-lock type in which the baffles 5 pass from an assembly position (where the tubes can be freely inserted with play into the openings 1 1 ) into a locking position with conjugate rotations + ⁇ p or - ⁇ about the axis 20.
  • adjacent baffles allow locking of the tubes with rotations in opposite directions.
  • the set of baffles 5 advantageously comprises first baffles 5a and second baffles 5b with tabs 212a, 212b configured to impart a helical motion to the shell-side fluid.
  • the tabs 212a, 212b extend from opposite sides of the baffles, for example the tabs 212a extend from front sides 13a of the baffles 5a and the tabs 212b extend from rear sides 13b of the baffles 5b.
  • the tabs 212a, 212b are also angularly offset.
  • the tabs 212a, 212b deviate the shell-side flow helically around the direction of the axes 14 and 20, thus generating essentially helical flow lines Fe.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 the tabs 212a, 212b deviate the shell-side flow helically around the direction of the axes 14 and 20, thus generating essentially helical flow lines Fe.
  • the tabs 212a, 212b are positioned, relative to the openings 1 1 , so that the tubes 4 move towards said tabs 212a, 212b when the baffle passes from the assembly position into the operating position. In this way, the tabs also act as elastic supports for the tubes and for recovery of the play (in a similar manner to that shown in Figs. 3-5).
  • Fig. 9 shows a variant of Figs. 7 and 8 in which the tabs 212a, 212b are positioned laterally with respect to the locking movement (in a similar manner to that shown in Fig. 6). With the configuration of the tabs shown in Fig. 9 a sinusoidal flow associated with the twist-lock configuration is obtained.
  • Figs. 10-13 show examples of embodiment of the tabs, indicated generally by the reference number 12.
  • Figs. 14 and 15 shows further examples of embodiment. Said examples of embodiments in Figs. 10 to 15 are likewise applicable to the various embodiments shown in Figs. 1 -9.
  • Fig. 10 shows an example of embodiment in which the tabs 12 have an essentially polygonal trapezium-like form and are connected to the sheet-metal disc along one side 15.
  • Fig. 1 1 shows a variant in which only a part of the material removed from the disc 10 forms the tab 12 and, consequently, the area of the tabs 12 is smaller than the area of the openings 1 1 .
  • Openings with an essentially trapezoidal form as shown in Figs. 10-12 are generally suitable for receiving only one tube 4; consequently the baffle requires a number of openings 1 1 equal to the number of tubes 4.
  • Fig. 13 shows an example of an embodiment of opening 1 1 of the shift-lock type suitable for receiving four tubes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil à calandre comprenant une pluralité de déflecteurs (5) qui sont disposés le long du faisceau de tubes, perpendiculaires à un axe du faisceau de tubes et traversés par lesdits tubes, chaque déflecteur étant un corps essentiellement plat présentant des ouvertures (11) à travers lesquels passent les tubes, et dans la région desdites ouvertures (11) le déflecteur comprend des languettes (12) qui font saillie depuis la surface dudit déflecteur.
EP18706410.0A 2017-02-15 2018-01-31 Appareil à faisceau tubulaire muni de chicanes Active EP3583371B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17156276.2A EP3364141A1 (fr) 2017-02-15 2017-02-15 Appareil à faisceau tubulaire muni de chicanes
PCT/EP2018/052351 WO2018149639A1 (fr) 2017-02-15 2018-01-31 Appareil à calandre muni de déflecteurs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3583371A1 true EP3583371A1 (fr) 2019-12-25
EP3583371B1 EP3583371B1 (fr) 2020-11-18

Family

ID=58410073

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17156276.2A Withdrawn EP3364141A1 (fr) 2017-02-15 2017-02-15 Appareil à faisceau tubulaire muni de chicanes
EP18706410.0A Active EP3583371B1 (fr) 2017-02-15 2018-01-31 Appareil à faisceau tubulaire muni de chicanes

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17156276.2A Withdrawn EP3364141A1 (fr) 2017-02-15 2017-02-15 Appareil à faisceau tubulaire muni de chicanes

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20200049412A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP3364141A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110291354B (fr)
AU (1) AU2018221477A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112019016749A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3052218A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2752212C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018149639A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114111386A (zh) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-01 浙江银轮机械股份有限公司 Egr冷却器

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3426841A (en) * 1966-05-18 1969-02-11 Herbert G Johnson Heat exchangers having plastic components
SU848949A1 (ru) * 1979-07-25 1981-07-23 Опытное Конструкторско-Технологическоебюро По Интенсификации Тепломассообмен-Ных Процессов Института Техническойтеплофизики Ah Украинской Ccp Кожухотрубный теплообменник
SU1032324A1 (ru) * 1982-02-16 1983-07-30 Специальное Проектное И Конструкторско-Технологическое Бюро "Промгазаппарат" Способ креплени трубы в отверстии сдвоенной трубной доски теплообменника
FR2565340B1 (fr) * 1984-06-05 1988-09-16 Commissariat Energie Atomique Element de maintien pour tubes d'echangeur de chaleur
US4834173A (en) * 1987-11-20 1989-05-30 American Standard Inc. Pressure actuated baffle seal
US5058664A (en) 1990-07-13 1991-10-22 Phillips Petroleum Company Rodbaffle heat exchanger
US5642778A (en) 1996-04-09 1997-07-01 Phillips Petroleum Company Rod baffle heat exchangers
JP3822279B2 (ja) * 1996-05-22 2006-09-13 臼井国際産業株式会社 Ｅｇｒガス冷却装置
JP2001141386A (ja) * 1999-11-17 2001-05-25 Usui Internatl Ind Co Ltd 多管式熱交換器
JP2007515615A (ja) * 2003-12-22 2007-06-14 シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ 管束支持具
JP5072388B2 (ja) * 2007-02-27 2012-11-14 三菱重工業株式会社 蒸気発生器の管支持板
CN201444002U (zh) * 2009-07-28 2010-04-28 山东美陵化工设备股份有限公司 偏心折流板换热器
BE1018891A3 (nl) * 2009-09-23 2011-10-04 Atlas Copco Airpower Nv Buizenwarmtewisselaar.
CN101706227B (zh) * 2009-11-27 2013-01-02 北京化工大学 一种无缺口折流板管壳式换热器
EP2469215B1 (fr) 2010-12-21 2015-05-06 Rinheat OY Echangeur de chaleur à tube
EP3029407A1 (fr) * 2014-12-02 2016-06-08 Borgwarner Emissions Systems Spain, S.L.U. Déflecteur rainuré pour un échangeur de chaleur
EP3115734A1 (fr) 2015-07-06 2017-01-11 Casale SA Équipement à coque et tubes avec des chicanes antivibratoires et son procédé d'assemblage
CN205537226U (zh) * 2016-01-07 2016-08-31 刘炳福 一种大管孔导流板管壳式换热器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2019122643A (ru) 2021-03-16
EP3364141A1 (fr) 2018-08-22
CN110291354A (zh) 2019-09-27
BR112019016749A2 (pt) 2020-04-07
EP3583371B1 (fr) 2020-11-18
RU2752212C2 (ru) 2021-07-23
RU2019122643A3 (fr) 2021-05-24
CA3052218A1 (fr) 2018-08-23
US20200049412A1 (en) 2020-02-13
AU2018221477A1 (en) 2019-07-25
CN110291354B (zh) 2021-04-27
WO2018149639A1 (fr) 2018-08-23

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