Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B1/10—Patterned fabrics or articles
  • D04B1/102—Patterned fabrics or articles with stitch pattern
  • D04B1/108—Gussets, e.g. pouches or heel or toe portions
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
  • D10B2403/01—Surface features
  • D10B2403/011—Dissimilar front and back faces
  • D10B2403/0113—One surface including hollow piping or integrated straps, e.g. for inserts or mountings
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
  • D10B2403/03—Shape features
  • D10B2403/033—Three dimensional fabric, e.g. forming or comprising cavities in or protrusions from the basic planar configuration, or deviations from the cylindrical shape as generally imposed by the fabric forming process
  • D10B2403/0331—Three dimensional fabric, e.g. forming or comprising cavities in or protrusions from the basic planar configuration, or deviations from the cylindrical shape as generally imposed by the fabric forming process with one or more convex or concave portions of limited extension, e.g. domes or pouches
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
  • D10B2403/03—Shape features
  • D10B2403/033—Three dimensional fabric, e.g. forming or comprising cavities in or protrusions from the basic planar configuration, or deviations from the cylindrical shape as generally imposed by the fabric forming process
  • D10B2403/0332—Three dimensional fabric, e.g. forming or comprising cavities in or protrusions from the basic planar configuration, or deviations from the cylindrical shape as generally imposed by the fabric forming process with gussets folding into three dimensional shape, e.g. seat covers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a machine method for knitting a three-dimensional knitted fabric. With this method, near-net knitted fabrics should be able to be produced, for example, for technical textiles.
• the term clothing describes all operations that are necessary for the production of a textile product. This includes, in particular, the conversion of a plurality of flat textile products into a three-dimensional shape by cutting, arranging, inserting applications and / or sewing.
• This includes, in particular, the conversion of a plurality of flat textile products into a three-dimensional shape by cutting, arranging, inserting applications and / or sewing.
• the three-dimensional knit fabric can be completely manufactured on a single machine, which was previously not possible or only in several stages with high production costs.
• the known methods are designed so that they must be performed with so-called flat knitting machines, because the arrangement of the needles in flat knitting machines allows the increasing and decreasing of mesh, which was previously regarded as mandatory for producing three-dimensional knitted fabrics.
• flat knitting machines are less productive, so that the known methods are insufficient for a larger series.
• large circular knitting machines are about six times more productive. For this reason, mainly large-size circular knitting machines are used for the textile mass production of two-dimensional knits.
• the two-dimensional knitted fabrics have to be elaborately made into a three-dimensional shape in order to produce T-shirts in a downstream process.
• a three-dimensional knitted fabric by first producing a planar (two-dimensional) knitted fabric (machine), which is then transferred to a three-dimensional knitted fabric at edges of the knit fabric in a subsequent step by a joining process, in particular a sewing process. leads.
• a joining process in particular a sewing process.
• the edges of the knitted fabric must be processed or produced after the knitting process and / or before the joining process.
• the sewing, finishing or cutting of two-dimensional knitted fabrics to form a three-dimensional knitted fabric is complex, leads to undesirable waste and can lead to insufficient dimensional accuracy of the three-dimensional knitted fabric.
• the object of the invention is therefore to at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art and, in particular, to provide a method for knitting a three-dimensional knitted fabric, with the dreidi- dimensional knitted fabrics can be produced highly efficiently in one process step with a large circular knitting machine.
• a method is to be specified, with which three-dimensional knits or spatially shaped textiles without seams, without cutting and / or without confectioning in one piece and an automated and fast process can be made.
• the method is intended to enable a three-dimensional knit to be completely manufactured on a single machine.
• the knit is knitted with a plurality of stitches forming a plurality of courses oriented in a course stitching direction of the knitted fabric and a plurality of wales oriented respectively in a wale direction of the knitted fabric the mesh is formed as at least one corrugating mesh which extends in the wale direction over a plurality of courses and binds at least one wave in the fabric.
• the method is used to produce a knitted fabric or a textile product in a three-dimensional form, wherein the knitted fabric especially a (single thread) knitwear.
• a knitted fabric is understood to be a textile fabric which is produced from a thread or from a thread system by stitch formation. Thus, the knitwear is formed of a mesh.
• a thread is processed in a horizontal orientation into a multiplicity of stitches.
• a stitch represents the binding element and the smallest dimensionally stable unit of the knitted fabric.
• the stitch consists of a loop of thread hooked into other thread loops. The loop is held by four binding points and consists of a mesh head, two thighs and two mesh feet.
• the stitches arranged next to one another in a course direction of the knitted fabric form a so-called course of stitches and the stitches arranged one above the other in a wale direction of the knitted fabric form a so-called wale.
• the knit thus consists of a plurality of oriented in each case in the course direction of the knitted course mesh and a plurality of each oriented in the wale direction of the knitted wales, which are interconnected.
• the course of stitching is, in particular, a horizontal direction of the knitted fabric and / or a needle movement direction of the large circular knitting machine.
• the wale direction is in particular a vertical direction of the knitted fabric.
• the knitting process is characterized by individually moving needles that successively go through the phases of the stitch forming process.
• the inventive method is carried out with a large circular knitting machine, the needles arranged in particular in a rotating knitting cylinder and the needle guides (lock parts) are particularly stationary.
• the large circular knitting machine is, for example, a single-surface large circular knitting machine, double-faced large circular knitting machine or a so-called distance large circular knitting machine.
• the method is also executable in particular without a pendulum of the knitting cylinder of large round embroidery machine. In addition, no mesh transfer is necessary in particular.
• the process is still In particular on commercially available large circular knitting machines executable that do not have to have any special technical adjustments.
• At least one of the stitches is formed as a corrugating mesh which extends in the wale direction over a plurality of courses. This means that, when knitting the knitted fabric between the mesh feet of the at least one corrugation mesh and the mesh head of the at least one corrugation mesh, a plurality of mesh rows are arranged. In other words, the mesh legs of the at least one corrugation mesh extend over a plurality of rows of stitches.
• the at least one corrugation mesh extends in the wale direction of the fabric preferably over at least 5 courses, more preferably over at least 10 courses and / or preferably over a maximum of 150 courses, more preferably over a maximum of 100 courses.
• the number over which the at least one corrugation mesh extends can also be made dependent on the material thickness of the yarn material used, the stitch height (bloom) and / or the thread tension.
• the at least one corrugation mesh additionally has, in particular, initially of its mesh feet to its mesh head in the wale direction a length which is greater than the length of the mesh adjacent to the mesh row of the at least one corrugation mesh in the course row direction.
• the at least one corrugation mesh can also be formed in that the needle of the respective corrugation mesh is not expelled for a certain period of time. The process of forming the at least one corrugation mesh ends as soon as the needle is expelled again. After the formation of the at least one corrugation mesh, the at least one corrugation mesh pulls together at least one wave in the knitted fabric or the at least one corrugation pattern is formed.
• the length of the at least one corrugation mesh in the wale direction may then correspond, for example, to the length of the mesh adjacent the row of stitches of the at least one corrugation mesh in the course-row direction.
• the at least one corrugation mesh binds a region of the knitted fabric located between the mesh feet of the at least one corrugation mesh and the mesh head of the at least one corrugation mesh to at least the corrugation.
• the at least one shaft is designed in particular in the manner of a loop and / or a Ab investigatingrs.
• the at least one wave has a wave crest and two wave flanks, each leading from the wave crest to a wave trough.
• the at least one wave formation mesh preferably binds the two wave flanks of the at least one wave in the region of the two wave troughs.
• the at least one shaft in the fabric By forming the at least one shaft in the fabric, material is removed from the surface of the fabric in a local area of the fabric so that the forces or stresses generated by the at least one wave in the fabric bring the original fabric into a three-dimensional shape. Due to the formation of such wave-forming meshes, three-dimensional knits can be produced in a defined manner using a large circular knitting machine. The targeted arrangement of the corrugation mesh desired three-dimensional structures can be formed in the fabric. Thus, three-dimensional knitted fabrics can also be produced with a large-size circular knitting machine in one process and the process steps of cutting and finishing required for producing the three-dimensional knitted fabric otherwise necessary in the textile warp can be avoided. Thus, on a large circular knitting machine, three-dimensionally knitted surfaces can be more productive and cost-efficient. be reduced than was possible with previous methods with flat knitting machines. From the three-dimensional knitwear, for example, sports articles, bras, clothes adapted to the body and / or interior textiles for motor vehicles can be produced.
• the at least one shaft can at least partially shorten the knit in the wale direction.
• the fabric in the wale direction in regions in which the at least one corrugation mesh is formed has a length that is smaller than a length of the weft-knit fabric in regions in which no corrugation meshes are formed.
• the at least one wave does not shorten the knit in the wale direction over the entire width in the course of stitching of the knitted fabric, but only in certain areas. This can be done by a targeted arrangement of one or more Wellentruckmaschen in one of the courses.
• the arrangement of the at least one corrugation mesh is effected as a function of the desired three-dimensional shape of the knitted fabric.
• the at least one corrugation mesh may fold a plurality of courses to the at least one shaft.
• the at least one corrugation mesh thereby folds all courses to the at least one shaft, which are arranged between the mesh feet and the mesh head of the at least one corrugation mesh.
• the at least one corrugation mesh preferably folds at least 5 courses, more preferably at least 10 courses and / or preferably at most 150 courses, particularly preferably at most 100 courses to the at least one shaft.
• the at least one shaft may extend in the course direction. This means, in particular, that the wave crest of the at least one shaft extends in the course-row direction.
• a plurality of corrugation meshes are formed in at least one row of stitches, which extend in the wale direction at least partially over a different number of rows of stitches.
• a wave can be formed in the knitted fabric which has a different height (perpendicular to the surface of the knitted fabric) along the stitch row direction.
• the knitted fabric along a row of stitches in the wale direction can be shortened to different extents in order to produce a desired topography of the three-dimensional knitted fabric.
• the three-dimensional knitted fabric can be produced by removing excess material in a two-dimensional pattern, wherein the removal of the excess material by the at least one wave can be done.
• the two-dimensional pattern is a two-dimensional representation of surface segments or topography segments of the three-dimensional knitted fabric and the regions of excess material located therebetween.
• the individual surface segments of the three-dimensional knitted fabric are cut from a two-dimensional sheet material and then sewn to the three-dimensional knit fabric.
• the excess material or the resulting waste is disposed of.
• the excess material is not separated from the surface segments of the three-dimensional knitted fabric, but taken away by the at least one corrugation mesh in the form of at least one shaft.
• the "removal" includes gathering, folding, merging or the like of the excess material (starting from a known pattern).
• the removed material is spatially displaced so far and possibly fixed that in the other parts of the knitted fabric tension or force is introduced, which leads to a movement of these other parts of the knitted fabric from a two-dimensional plane.
• the resulting waves can (in each case and / or each other) form different heights in the course direction. In the area of a greater height of the wave, a larger proportion of excess material is taken away. In the area of a smaller height of the wave, a smaller proportion of excess material is taken away.
• the taken away material (or corrugations) is therefore not separated and / or removed before or during the formation of the three-dimensional shape.
• the three-dimensional shape of the knitted fabric can z. B. be stabilized in that the removed material is fixed in a boundary region to at least one remaining part of the knitted fabric, for example by a seam.
• the removed material may remain after the formation of the three-dimensional shape of the fabric or (at least partially) be removed.
• a three-dimensional knitted fabric is present in particular when the fabric is curved (for the most part and / or essentially dimensionally stable).
• the three-dimensional knitted fabric can be designed such that it forms a smooth surface substantially and / or at least on one side, or a local microstructure (wrinkles, etc.) can only be found in the area of removal of excess material.
• Two corrugation meshes adjacent in the course-wise direction may be spaced apart by at least one wale.
• the at least one corrugation mesh can be formed by at least one float.
• the floatation is in particular a yarn path that extends in the direction of the courses or the course direction of the knitted fabric over the at least one wave formation mesh and is bounded on both sides by a loop.
• the at least one shaft can be formed on a left-hand side of the fabric.
• the "left side of the fabric" of the knitted fabric is usually that side of the knitted fabric which is not visible from the outside in the product to be produced
• the large circular knitting machine may comprise an (internal or external) control unit, in which a corresponding control of the feeds and needles is predetermined in accordance with the basic features of the method support a three-dimensional processing of the knitted fabric.
• FIGS. show a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, but this is not limited thereto.
• the same elements in the figures are provided with the same reference numerals. They show by way of example and schematically:
• Fig. 1 the structure of a knitted fabric
• Fig. 2 an enlarged view of a mesh of the knitted fabric
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a hemisphere to be knitted by a three-dimensional knitted fabric
• Fig. 4 a two-dimensional pattern of the hemisphere
• FIG. 5 shows a pixel description for a control of a large circular knitting machine for generating corrugation meshes
• FIG. 6 shows the mesh image associated with the pixel description
• Fig. 7 a left side of the goods as a hemisphere knitted three-dimensional
• Fig. 8 a right side of the goods as a hemisphere knitted three-dimensional
• FIG. 1 shows an enlarged view of the structure of a knitted fabric 1 of a plurality of stitches 2.
• the meshes 2 each consist of a thread loop which is hooked into other thread loops. The ones in a course The meshes 2 arranged next to one another form a row of stitches 4. The meshes 2 arranged one above the other in a wale direction 5 form a wale 10.
• FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of one of the meshes 2 held by four binding sites.
• the mesh 2 consists of a mesh head 13, two mesh legs 14 and two mesh feet 15th
• FIG. 3 shows by way of example a hemisphere 16 to be produced from a three-dimensional knitted fabric 1 and FIG. 4 an associated two-dimensional cutting pattern 9.
• the two-dimensional cutting pattern 9 has planar spherical surface segments 17 which are required for assembling the hemisphere 16. Between the spherical surface segments 17 there is excess material 8, which is removed in the process according to the invention by the formation of wave forming meshes 6 shown in FIG. 6 in the region of the excess material 8, so that the hemisphere 16 shown in FIG arises.
• FIG. 5 shows a detail of a pixel description 18 for a control of a large circular knitting machine in the area of the excess material 8 shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 shows the corresponding mesh image 19.
• the pixel description 18 indicates pixel by pixel, at which point a stitch 2 (marked with an "x") and at which point a float 11 (marked "-") is to be formed. It should be clarified that the "x" instead of a mesh 2 can also represent a so-called "handle” as an educational element.
• FIG. 6 it can be seen that four wave-forming meshes 6 are formed in the course 4.
• the mesh legs 14 span between the mesh head 13 and the mesh feet 15 of the wave formation meshes 6 in the wale direction 5 six courses 4.
• the individual Wellen Struktursmaschen are described by the course.
• the individual wales 10 are connected to one another via a flotation 11.
• the wave formation meshes 6 are shown only schematically in FIG.
• the corrugation meshes 6 have in reality in the wale direction 5 a length which coincides with the length of the remaining meshes 2.
• the knitted fabric 1 is bound in the wave region 20 located between the mesh heads 13 and the mesh feet 15 of the wave formation meshes 6 or the mesh rows 4 located in the wave region 20 to form a shaft 7 shown in FIG.
• FIG. 7 shows the three-dimensional knitted fabric 1 knitted to the hemisphere 16 from a left-hand side of the fabric 12.
• the spherical surface segments 17 and the excess material 8 removed by shafts 7 can be seen.
• the shafts 7 are located on a left-hand side 12 of the three-dimensional knitted fabric 1 ,
• FIG. 8 shows the three-dimensional knitted fabric 1 knitted to form the hemisphere 16 from a right side of the goods 21 on which the shafts 7 can not be seen.
• the proposed method for knitting the three-dimensional knitted fabric is characterized by a particularly high productivity and low cost.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=60009646

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (21)

• 2016
  • 2016-10-07 DE DE102016119052.7A patent/DE102016119052A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2017
  • 2017-10-04 WO PCT/EP2017/075224 patent/WO2018065468A1/de unknown
  • 2017-10-04 US US16/337,007 patent/US10988871B2/en active Active
  • 2017-10-04 BR BR112019007127A patent/BR112019007127A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2017-10-04 EP EP17778297.6A patent/EP3523471A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2017-10-04 CN CN201780075946.6A patent/CN110023549A/zh active Pending
  • 2017-10-04 MX MX2019004038A patent/MX2019004038A/es unknown

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