EP1295307B1 - Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur - Google Patents

Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1295307B1
EP1295307B1 EP01940881A EP01940881A EP1295307B1 EP 1295307 B1 EP1295307 B1 EP 1295307B1 EP 01940881 A EP01940881 A EP 01940881A EP 01940881 A EP01940881 A EP 01940881A EP 1295307 B1 EP1295307 B1 EP 1295307B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
electrical switch
switch according
bistable electrical
bistable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01940881A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1295307A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Hanke
Matthias Kroeker
Thomas Haehnel
Jörg SCHULTHEISS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TE Connectivity Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH filed Critical Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH
Priority to EP01940881A priority Critical patent/EP1295307B1/fr
Publication of EP1295307A1 publication Critical patent/EP1295307A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1295307B1 publication Critical patent/EP1295307B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01—Details
    • H01H61/0107—Details making use of shape memory materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/24—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting
    • H01H1/26—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting with spring blade support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01—Details
    • H01H61/0107—Details making use of shape memory materials
    • H01H2061/0122—Two SMA actuators, e.g. one for closing or resetting contacts and one for opening them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H5/00—Snap-action arrangements, i.e. in which during a single opening operation or a single closing operation energy is first stored and then released to produce or assist the contact movement
    • H01H5/04—Energy stored by deformation of elastic members
    • H01H5/18—Energy stored by deformation of elastic members by flexing of blade springs

Definitions

  • the drive element is substantially T-shaped and rotatably mounted at the foot of the T's.
  • shape memory material wires are arranged, the length of which varies with temperature, whereby the temperature change can be caused by a current flowing through the wires. Due to this heating due to the flow of current, the wires are transferred from a first phase to a second phase.
  • the first contact element is connected to the contact spring, while the second contact element is fixed.
  • the spring is a bistable spring which is driven by the drive element from a first stable end state to a second stable end state.
  • the spring itself is divided by a U-shaped slot into three areas, the outer areas being connected to the middle cut-out tongue by a U-shaped spring.
  • the drive element acts only on the middle tongue and by adjusting the middle tongue is due to the action of the U-shaped spring the entire spring is reciprocated between two stable end states.
  • the spring In both final states, the spring is stable, ie small deflections lead to springback in the same final state. Because of this, it is also possible that the spring can apply static contact forces in both final states.
  • bistable electrical switch is very light and inexpensive to produce.
  • the spring is made in one piece and is particularly easy to produce. This is achieved by using as a non-linear spring a flat-form spring whose longitudinal stress is introduced by plastic deformation of one or more regions thereof.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the flat shape spring has longitudinal slots, whereby it is divided into several sheets.
  • the leaves are at their ends connected with each other. It is particularly advantageous to provide two longitudinal sections.
  • plastic deformation such as bending, a shortening of one or more leaves of the spring can be made. This exerts a compressive stress on the other leaves that are not shortened. These will then buckle or buckle and so avoid the compressive stress.
  • a plastic deformation can also be performed in the form of an embossing and thus an extension of one or more leaves of the flat form spring. The extended leaves are then subjected to a compressive stress, they also avoid dents or buckling.
  • the contact elements can either be conductively connected to the spring or can be connected to the spring via an insulating intermediate element.
  • the provision of insulation material has the advantage that the outgoing from the opening contact switching arc has no way to beat through to the opposite fixed contact.
  • the spring can be connected via a lever with the drive elements of shape memory material. At least one drive element is necessary for each switching state.
  • drive element wires can be used, which have different lengths in the two phases. By electrical current flow, the drive elements are heated and thereby transferred to the other phase. Due to the occurring shortening of the wires they exert a force on the spring and transfer them from one to the other stable final state.
  • the jump mechanism ensures that the electrical contacts on one side open quickly, move abruptly to the other side and the contact force is suddenly built up.
  • spring 1 is a bistable non-linear spring, which is trapezoidal. It has a broad side 2, and a narrow side 3. On the narrow side 3 is again a carrier strip 4 is arranged, on which also the contact elements are attached to the areas 5 or 6, which can be done for example by riveting or welding.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 Based on FIGS. 5 to 8 is a further embodiment of a spring 1 'for a novel, bistable, electrical switch shown.
  • the spring 1 ' differs from the spring 1 of the first embodiment solely and solely by the position of the beads 12, 12' and 13 '.
  • the beads 12 ', 13' of the second embodiment are located near the broad side 2 'of the spring. This increases the power needed to shift.
  • the spring shape of the trapezoidal spring with clamped broad side shown in the first two embodiments leads to a particularly uniform spring curvature under load.
  • a trapezoidal spring 101 is also shown, but with its narrow side 102 is firmly clamped. At its broad side 103, there is a carrier strip 104, which carries the contact elements 114, 115 and 116.
  • the trapezoidal spring 101 also has a middle blade 110 and two lateral blades 109 and 111 which are each shortened by a bead 112 and 113.
  • a short lever arm 117 is provided on each side. At this is sometimes a wire, 118 and 119, attached. If a current flows through such a wire 118 or 119, it heats up and thereby enters its second shortened phase. Due to this shortened phase, the carrier strip 114 is then tilted and this tilt causes the bulge of the central blade 110 to jump over from one side to the other side and thus convert the trapezoidal spring 101 into its second stable final state.
  • the jump mechanism ensures that the electrical contacts are opened quickly, move abruptly to the other side and also the contact force on the other side is built up abruptly.
  • electrical contact elements 116 can also be fastened on both sides in such a way that mating contacts are located opposite them on both sides and in each case contacts are opened and closed in pairs when the spring is switched. If a current in the load circuit is routed through both contacts, higher DC voltages can also be switched.
  • the obliquely inward guidance of the wires 118, 119 prevents the contacts from opening before the spring jumps from one to the other end state.
  • a base 30 made of plastic in which the spring 1 is mounted with the end 2.
  • the base 30 has openings 31 through which contact pins 32, 34 pass through the base 30.
  • the contact pins 32 are connected to the holders 33 for the wires 18, 19.
  • the contact pins 34 are connected to the fixed contact elements 35.
  • the wires 18, 19 are connected via the lever arm 17 with the spring 1.
  • the wires 18, 19 are guided by a respective rivet 36 on the lever arm 17.
  • FIGS. 13 to 16 Based on FIGS. 13 to 16 a switch according to the invention is explained, which can be used as Umpolschalter.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 is an embodiment of a double, electrically separate spring 301 with beads and drive elements shown in two side views of mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the nonlinear spring 301 consists of two individual springs 302, 302 ', which are dimensionally stable connected to one another at both the lower and the upper ends 303, 304 by elements 305, 306 made of non-conductive material.
  • the two individual springs 302, 302 ' are identical and arranged in mirror image with respect to their longitudinal extension to each other. Between them there is a gap 307, which is bridged by the mentioned non-conductive connecting elements 305, 306.
  • the two individual springs are rigidly connected, for example, to the underside by overmolding or hot embossing with plastic over the full width.
  • the two individual springs are coated with an optionally heat-resistant plastic, e.g. LCP connected. This connection can be performed simultaneously as a connection element for the drive elements or actuators.
  • the spring can be made of a copper alloy with good spring properties such as CuBe2 spring steel.
  • the jumping properties of the individual springs 302, 302 result from the fact that they consist of at least two elongated parts (leaves) of different lengths, which are connected to each other at both ends.
  • the resulting tension provides lateral deflection of the longer blade in two different stable states representing the two switching states.
  • the tension of the two elongated leaves of the individual feathers can be made by embossing on one of the two leaves, which leads to the shortening thereof.
  • the change between the two stable states can advantageously be realized via actuators in the form of wires 318, 319 of shape memory material, which change their length by a current flow and the consequent heating and which are arranged on both sides of the spring.
  • One end of the shape memory elements may be secured to the bottom of the relay on the socket.
  • the drive can also be done by electromagnetic coils.
  • the two individual springs 302, 302 ' represent the center contact of a changeover switch contact arrangement. They carry a contact pillar 314, 314' on both sides and each move between two fixed contacts 320.
  • the single spring 302, 302 ' is electrically connected to the outside with a solder terminal 321, 321' or a plug-in terminal of the relay.
  • the movable center contacts on the spring find their mating contacts in the two stable states of the spring. These fixed mating contacts are electrically connected to corresponding solder pins or plug-in connections on the outside of the relay.

Landscapes

  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un commutateur électrique bistable composé d'un ressort (101) conçu en tant que ressort élastique bistable comportant des éléments de contact (114, 116) sur la bande porteuse (104) du ressort, et d'au moins un élément d'entraînement réalisé dans un matériau à mémoire de forme en fonction de l'état de commutation, destiné à l'entraînement du ressort. Le ressort selon l'invention présente une lame (110) fixée sur une extrémité (102) et soumise à une contrainte de compression dans le sens de son extension longitudinale, ladite lame réagissant à cette contrainte par déformation latérale vers l'un ou l'autre de deux états terminaux stables. Dans ces états terminaux stables, les zones du ressort prennent différentes positions latérales, et les éléments d'entraînement (118, 119) sont au contact de l'extrémité libre de la lame et provoquent un passage vers le deuxième état terminal stable par inclinaison de l'extrémité libre (104).

Claims (16)

  1. Commutateur électrique bistable comprenant un ressort (1, 1', 101) qui est exécuté en tant que ressort élastique plat bistable qui comprend une extrémité libre (104) et une extrémité montée (2) et porte au moins un élément de contact (14, 114, 115, 116) sur l'extrémité libre (104), et comprenant au moins un élément d'actionnement (18, 19, 118, 119) formé d'un matériau à mémoire de forme pour chaque état de commutation pour l'actionnement du ressort, le ressort comprenant plusieurs lames (9, 10, 11, 109, 110, 111) essentiellement parallèles les unes aux autres qui sont reliées les unes aux autres à leurs extrémités et une ou plusieurs lame/s étant raccourcie/s par déformation plastique, grâce à quoi au moins une lame (10, 110) du ressort est soumise à une tension de compression dans le sens de son étendue longitudinale et cette lame dévie dans un des deux états finaux stables en fléchissant sur un côté, l'extrémité libre du ressort prenant des positions latérales différentes dans les états finaux stables et les éléments d'actionnement étant reliés à l'extrémité libre (104) de la lame et provoquant, en faisant pencher l'extrémité libre, un passage dans le second état final stable.
  2. Commutateur électrique bistable selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la lame porte des éléments de contact aux deux extrémités libres.
  3. Commutateur électrique bistable selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise en tant qu'éléments d'actionnement des fils présentant des longueurs différentes dans les différentes phases.
  4. Commutateur électrique bistable selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que le passage d'une phase des fils à l'autre est obtenue en augmentant la température.
  5. Commutateur électrique bistable selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'augmentation de température peut être obtenue en faisant circuler un courant électrique à travers le fil.
  6. Commutateur électrique bistable selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la déformation plastique est une moulure.
  7. Commutateur électrique bistable selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la déformation plastique est un estampage.
  8. Commutateur électrique bistable selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments de contact (14, 115, 115, 116, 214, 216) sont reliés au ressort de manière conductrice.
  9. Commutateur électrique bistable selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments de contact sont reliés fixement au ressort par le biais d'un élément intermédiaire isolant.
  10. Commutateur électrique bistable selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on prévoit un ressort trapézoïdal qui est divisé en trois lames par des fentes et est solidement serré par le grand côté.
  11. Commutateur électrique bistable selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que la largeur des lames augmente selon un rapport constant du petit côté vers le grand côté.
  12. Commutateur électrique bistable selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 3 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le ressort élastique (301) est formé de deux ressorts individuels (302, 302') qui sont reliés l'un à l'autre de manière indéformable par des éléments de connexion (305, 306).
  13. Commutateur électrique bistable selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que les ressorts individuels (302, 302') sont formés d'un matériau conducteur possédant de bonnes propriétés élastiques et les éléments de connexion (305, 306) isolent électriquement les ressorts individuels (302, 302') l'un par rapport à l'autre.
  14. Commutateur électrique bistable selon l'une des revendications 12 ou 13, caractérisé par le fait que les deux ressorts individuels (302, 302') représentent le contact central, respectivement, d'un ensemble de contacts de commutateur va-et-vient.
  15. Commutateur électrique bistable selon l'une des revendications 12-14, caractérisé par le fait que le commutateur est un inverseur.
  16. Relais caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise un commutateur électrique bistable selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15.
EP01940881A 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur Expired - Lifetime EP1295307B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01940881A EP1295307B1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00112917 2000-06-19
EP00112917 2000-06-19
EP01940881A EP1295307B1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur
PCT/IB2001/001066 WO2001099135A1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1295307A1 EP1295307A1 (fr) 2003-03-26
EP1295307B1 true EP1295307B1 (fr) 2009-11-25

Family

ID=8169012

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01940881A Expired - Lifetime EP1295307B1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6943653B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1295307B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004510288A (fr)
KR (1) KR20030019442A (fr)
AU (1) AU2001274371A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50115235D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2334638T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001099135A1 (fr)

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DE102006055205B4 (de) * 2006-11-21 2011-04-28 Barthelt, Hans-Peter, Dipl.-Ing. Fehlersichere Steuerung für Pflegebetten
KR100812188B1 (ko) 2007-03-27 2008-03-12 대성전기공업 주식회사 단상 유도전동기용 원심스위치의 스위치부 구조
KR100947719B1 (ko) * 2008-02-11 2010-03-16 광주과학기술원 마이크로 매트릭스 릴레이 스위치
DE102008057555B4 (de) 2008-11-15 2010-08-12 Tyco Electronics Austria Gmbh Relais mit Flip-Flop-Feder
US8584456B1 (en) 2010-05-21 2013-11-19 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Bistable actuator mechanism
ITMI20111974A1 (it) 2011-10-28 2013-04-29 Getters Spa Interruttore elettrico bistabile con attuatore a memoria di forma
PL221673B1 (pl) * 2011-12-20 2016-05-31 Bitron Poland Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Elektrycznie sterowane urządzenie uruchamiające i urządzenie dozujące
KR101405520B1 (ko) * 2012-08-24 2014-06-09 우리산업 주식회사 복수개의 접점 기반 차량용 대전류 제어시스템
JP6428425B2 (ja) * 2015-03-20 2018-11-28 オムロン株式会社 接点機構およびこれを備えた電磁継電器
DE102016122469B4 (de) 2016-11-22 2019-08-14 ETL Technologies GmbH Relais mit zwangsgeführten Kontakten
US10175501B1 (en) 2018-01-30 2019-01-08 Kenzo Singer Wearable item having a bi-stable mechanism
DE102019110709B4 (de) 2019-04-25 2022-07-07 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Schalteinrichtung mit einem Formgedächtniselement
CN114930019B (zh) * 2020-03-30 2024-02-13 工程吸气公司 双稳态形状记忆合金惯性致动器
US11946461B2 (en) 2021-03-02 2024-04-02 Saes Getters S.P.A. Asymmetric bistable shape memory alloy inertial actuator
US11460010B1 (en) 2021-03-30 2022-10-04 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. SMC integrated bi-stable strips for remote actuation
KR102331400B1 (ko) 2021-04-02 2021-12-01 이삼종 공동주택 실내건축물의 전기스위치 시스템 및 그 시공방법

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2001274371A1 (en) 2002-01-02
ES2334638T3 (es) 2010-03-15
EP1295307A1 (fr) 2003-03-26
US6943653B2 (en) 2005-09-13
JP2004510288A (ja) 2004-04-02
DE50115235D1 (de) 2010-01-07
KR20030019442A (ko) 2003-03-06
WO2001099135A1 (fr) 2001-12-27
US20030156006A1 (en) 2003-08-21

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