EP1295307A1 - Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur - Google Patents

Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur

Info

Publication number
EP1295307A1
EP1295307A1 EP01940881A EP01940881A EP1295307A1 EP 1295307 A1 EP1295307 A1 EP 1295307A1 EP 01940881 A EP01940881 A EP 01940881A EP 01940881 A EP01940881 A EP 01940881A EP 1295307 A1 EP1295307 A1 EP 1295307A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring
electrical switch
switch according
bistable electrical
bistable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01940881A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1295307B1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Hanke
Matthias Kroeker
Thomas Haehnel
Jörg SCHULTHEISS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TE Connectivity Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH filed Critical Tyco Electronics AMP GmbH
Priority to EP01940881A priority Critical patent/EP1295307B1/fr
Publication of EP1295307A1 publication Critical patent/EP1295307A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1295307B1 publication Critical patent/EP1295307B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/24—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting
    • H01H1/26—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting with spring blade support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01—Details
    • H01H61/0107—Details making use of shape memory materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H61/00—Electrothermal relays
    • H01H61/01—Details
    • H01H61/0107—Details making use of shape memory materials
    • H01H2061/0122—Two SMA actuators, e.g. one for closing or resetting contacts and one for opening them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H5/00—Snap-action arrangements, i.e. in which during a single opening operation or a single closing operation energy is first stored and then released to produce or assist the contact movement
    • H01H5/04—Energy stored by deformation of elastic members
    • H01H5/18—Energy stored by deformation of elastic members by flexing of blade springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bistable, electrical switch with a spring which is designed as a bistable spring and carries the contact elements on at least one area of the spring and with at least one drive element made of shape memory material for each switching state for driving the spring.
  • the invention relates to a relay with such a bistable electrical switch.
  • a switch consisting of a drive element, a contact spring and first and second wires made of shape memory material, as well as first and second contact elements is known.
  • the drive element is essentially T-shaped and rotatably mounted at the foot of the T.
  • wires made of shape memory material are arranged, the length of which changes as a function of temperature, the temperature change being able to be brought about by a
  • the wires Due to this heating due to the current flow, the wires are transferred from a first phase to a second phase.
  • the first contact element is connected to the contact spring, while the second contact element is fixed.
  • the spring is a bistable spring which, driven by the drive element, is transferred from a first stable end state to a second stable end state.
  • the spring itself is divided into three areas by a U-shaped slot, the outer areas being connected to the central cut-out tongue by a U-shaped spring.
  • the drive element only acts on the middle tongue and by adjusting the middle tongue, due to the action of the U-shaped spring the entire spring moves back and forth between two stable end states.
  • the object is achieved by an arrangement with the features of claim 1 or by a relay with the features of claim 20.
  • the bistable electrical switch uses a bistable spring. This is generated in a more suitable manner
  • Part of the spring which is thin or narrow in comparison with its characteristic length, that is to say a leaf, is subjected to a sufficiently high compressive stress in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the leaf.
  • the sheet can then buckle or kink and thus avoid the compressive stress.
  • the spring carries at least one contact element in at least one area. With the dodging of the sheet by bulging or kinking, lateral movements of the area are
  • the drive of the spring for switching from one to the other end state is realized by one or more elements made of shape memory material. These drive elements each have two phases in which they have different mechanical properties. When the drive elements change from one phase to the other, which is achieved by increasing the temperature, for example as a result of electrical current flowing through the drive elements, they perform mechanical work for switching over the nonlinear spring.
  • bistable electrical switch is very light and can be manufactured inexpensively.
  • the spring is made in one piece and is particularly simple to manufacture. This is achieved in that a flat form spring is used as the non-linear spring, the longitudinal tension of which is introduced by plastic deformation of one or more areas thereof.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the flat form spring has longitudinal slots, as a result of which it is divided into several sheets.
  • the leaves are at their ends connected with each other. It is particularly advantageous to provide two longitudinal slits.
  • Plastic deformation for example bending, can shorten one or more leaves of the spring. This exerts a compressive stress on the other sheets, which are not shortened. These will then buckle or buckle and thus avoid the compressive stress.
  • a plastic deformation can also be carried out in the form of an embossing and thus an extension of one or more leaves of the flat spring. The elongated leaves are then subjected to compressive stress, which they also avoid by buckling or kinking.
  • a trapezoidal spring as the non-linear spring, the leaves of which widen in a constant ratio from the narrow side to the broad side of the trapezoidal spring.
  • the broad side of the spring can be firmly clamped. With this spring shape, a very even distribution of the load is guaranteed. It is particularly advantageous if the width of the leaves is in the ratio 1: 2: 1.
  • the non-linear spring can be tuned using the embossed bends in individual leaves.
  • the deflection of the spring is determined by the depth of the bend.
  • the force required to switch from one stable final state to the other stable final state is also determined by the spring deflection of the bend. Due to the trapezoidal spring that widens downwards, there is the possibility of choosing the force required for the transition from one end state to the other end state, regardless of the deflection chosen, by changing the position of the embossed bend, since one is in the narrow area of the Leaves created beading into one leads to softer switching than a bead created in the wide area of the leaves.
  • the contact element can either be conductively connected to the spring or can be connected to the spring via an insulating intermediate element.
  • insulation material has the advantage that the switching arc emanating from the opening contact no longer has the possibility of breaking through to the opposite fixed contact.
  • the spring can be connected to the drive elements made of shape memory material via a lever. At least one drive element is required for each switching state. Wires that have different lengths in the two phases can be used as the drive element.
  • the drive elements are heated by electrical current flow and thereby transferred to the other phase. Due to the shortening of the wires, they exert a force on the spring and transfer it from one stable to the other.
  • the snap mechanism ensures that the electrical contacts on one side open quickly, move suddenly to the other side and the contact force is suddenly built up.
  • auxiliary contacts which ensure that the current flow through the wires made of shape memory material is interrupted as soon as the switching movement has taken place. This enables the wires to be charged with a current can, which would lead to destruction of the wires if the wires flow continuously, but does not damage the wires due to the short duration of the current flow.
  • Such high currents in the control circuit enable fast switching, as is typical for relays.
  • Spring is particularly advantageous to form from two individual springs, which are interconnected by non-conductive elements dimensionally stable, as a double, electrically separate spring.
  • the two individual springs each provide one center contact
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of a first embodiment of a trapezoidal spring with beads arranged in the narrow region of the spring.
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the spring according to FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged detail of the bead.
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of the spring.
  • Figure 5 shows a plan view of a second embodiment of a trapezoidal spring with beads arranged in the wide area.
  • Figure 6 shows a corresponding side view of this spring.
  • Figure 7 shows an enlargement of the bead.
  • Figure 8 shows a perspective view of the spring according to
  • FIG. 9 shows a perspective illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a trapezoidal spring with beads and drive elements.
  • FIG. 10 shows a side view of the spring according to FIG. 9.
  • Figure 11 shows an embodiment of a bridge spring.
  • Figure 12 shows the bridge spring with contacts and drive elements as well as the indicated housing.
  • FIG. 14 shows a side view of the bridge spring in the second stable final state.
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic representation of the spring in the second stable final state with indicated contacts and drive elements.
  • FIG. 16 shows an exploded view of a switch without a housing cover using the spring according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 17 shows a perspective illustration of the switch according to FIG. 16.
  • Figure 18 shows a side view of a
  • Embodiment of a double electrically isolated spring with beads and drive elements Embodiment of a double electrically isolated spring with beads and drive elements.
  • FIG. 19 shows a further side view of the spring spring according to FIG. 18 rotated by 90 ° with fixed contacts.
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic top view of the contact arrangement of the spring according to FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 21 shows an electrical equivalent circuit diagram for the spring with drive elements according to FIG. 18 that can be used as a reversing switch.
  • the spring 1 to 4 show a first exemplary embodiment of a spring for a bistable electrical switch according to the invention.
  • the spring 1 is a bistable non-linear spring which is trapezoidal. It has a broad side 2 and a narrow side 3. On the narrow side 3 there is again a carrier strip 4 to which the contact elements are also fastened to the areas 5 or 6, which can be done, for example, by riveting or welding.
  • the spring is divided into three leaves 9, 10 and 11 by two inclined longitudinal slots 7 and 8.
  • the leaves 9, 10 and 11 are connected to one another at their ends.
  • the side sheets 9 and 10 are by bending with a Bead 12 and 13 plastically deformed.
  • the bead is located near the narrow side 3 of the trapezoidal spring. Due to the beads 12 and 13, the sheets 9 and 11 are shortened and therefore exert a compressive stress on the middle sheet 10.
  • the sheet 10 avoids this compressive stress by bulging to one side. This can be seen particularly clearly in FIG. 2.
  • the position of the bead is particularly clearly shown in FIG. 3, for example. Due to the location of the beads 12 and 13 near the narrow end of the trapezoidal spring, a spring was produced that can be switched particularly soft. Due to the position of the bead and the widening spring, the force for the transition from one end state to the other end state can be determined. The two final states are determined by the side on which the middle sheet 10 bulges.
  • Embodiment of a spring l 1 shown for a bistable, electrical switch according to the invention The spring 1 'differs from the spring 1 of the first exemplary embodiment solely by the position of the beads 12' and 13 '.
  • the beads 12 ', 13' of the second embodiment are located near the broad side 2 'of the spring. This increases the power required for switching.
  • the trapezoidal springs shown in the first two exemplary embodiments are each firmly clamped with their broad side 2, for example on a housing or base.
  • a wire made of shape memory material is fastened on each side of the spring, which shorten during the transition from one phase to another and thereby cause the middle sheet to move in one or the other other side bulges and the spring thereby assumes one of the two stable end states.
  • a trapezoidal spring 101 is also shown, which, however, is firmly clamped with its narrow side 102.
  • a carrier strip 104 which carries the contact elements 114, 115 and 116.
  • the trapezoidal spring 101 also has a central leaf 110 and two lateral leaves 109 and 111, which are each shortened by a bead 112 and 113.
  • a short lever arm 117 is provided on the carrier strip 4 on each side.
  • a wire 118 and 119 is sometimes attached to this. If a current flows through such a wire 118 or 119, it heats up and thereby enters its second shortened phase. Because of this shortened phase, the carrier strip 114 is then tilted and this tilting causes the bulge of the middle sheet 110 to jump from one side to the other side and thus the trapezoidal spring 101 is transferred to its second stable final state.
  • Electrical contact elements 116 can also be attached to the carrier strip 104 on both sides in such a way that counter contacts are located opposite them on both sides and in pairs when the spring is switched
  • the mating contacts will implement the external electrical connection of the relay using contact pins.
  • the wires 118 and 119 which are provided on both sides of the spring, are also connected to the base of the relay and are electrically guided to the outside.
  • the inclined inward guidance of the wires 118, 119 prevents the contacts from opening before the spring jumps from one end state to the other.
  • the upper end of the middle sheet is elastically bent about the horizontal transverse axis and the spring jumps into its second stable final state. This in turn stretches the wires on the other side so that they are now available for switching in the opposite direction.
  • This embodiment is a bridge spring 201, which is also a flat spring is executed. It has two longitudinal slots 207 and 208, through which it is divided into three sheets 209, 210 and 211.
  • the two outer leaves 209 and 211 each have two beads 212 and 213.
  • the outer leaves 209 and 211 have support strips 220 on the side with which they are mounted on the housing 221.
  • a drive element which is connected to wires 218 and 219 made of shape memory material, engages the central sheet 210.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 show the two stable final states of the bridge spring.
  • the bridge spring is shown in a stable final state, the counter contacts 222 and 223 are also shown.
  • a relay in which the spring 1 of the first exemplary embodiment corresponding to FIGS. 1-4 is used will now be described with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.
  • a base 30 made of plastic is provided in which the spring 1 is supported with the end 2.
  • the base 30 has openings 31 through which contact pins 32, 34 pass through the base 30.
  • the contact pins 32 are connected to the holders 33 for the wires 18, 19.
  • the contact pins 34 are connected to the fixed contact elements 35.
  • the wires 18, 19 are connected to the spring 1 via the lever arm 17.
  • the wires 18, 19 are each guided through a hollow rivet 36 on the lever arm 17.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 show an exemplary embodiment of a double, electrically separated spring 301 with beads and drive elements in two side views from mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the nonlinear spring 301 consists of two
  • Individual springs 302, 302 ⁇ which are connected to one another in a dimensionally stable manner by elements 305, 306 made of non-conductive material both at the lower and at the upper ends 303, 304.
  • the two individual springs 302, 302 ⁇ are identical and are arranged in mirror image with respect to one another with respect to their length. There is a gap 307 between them, which is bridged by the aforementioned non-conductive connecting elements 305, 306.
  • the two individual springs are, for example, on the
  • Each individual spring 302, 302 ⁇ consists of a material that is both conductive and has spring properties.
  • the spring can be made from a copper alloy with good spring properties, for example from CuBe2 spring plate.
  • the spring properties of the individual springs 302, 302 * result from the fact that they consist of at least two elongated parts (leaves) with different lengths, which are connected to one another on both end faces. The resulting tension causes the longer blade to yield laterally in two different stable states, which represent the two switching states.
  • Individual springs can be made by embossing one of the two leaves, which leads to the shortening of the same.
  • the change between the two stable states can advantageously be implemented via actuators in the form of wires 318, 319 made of shape memory material, which change their length due to a current flow and the resulting heating and which are arranged on both sides of the spring.
  • One end of the shape memory elements can be attached to the bottom of the relay on the base.
  • the drive can also be carried out by electromagnetic coils.
  • the two individual springs 302, 302 ⁇ each represent the center contact of a two-way switch contact arrangement. They carry a contact pill 314, 314 'on both sides and each move between two fixed contacts 320.
  • the single spring 302, 302 ⁇ is electrically connected to the outside with a solder connection 321, 321 ⁇ or a plug connection of the relay.
  • the movable center contacts on the spring find their counter contacts in the two stable states of the spring. These fixed counter contacts are electrically connected to corresponding solder pins or plug connections on the outside of the relay.
  • FIGS. 20 and 21 Due to the presence of two electrically separate individual springs, which, however, mechanically form a unit and the described contact arrangement, a connected double changer is created as shown in FIGS. 20 and 21. This is relatively simple and in particular very inexpensive e.g. to complete a motor pole connection.

Landscapes

  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un commutateur électrique bistable composé d'un ressort (101) conçu en tant que ressort élastique bistable comportant des éléments de contact (114, 116) sur la bande porteuse (104) du ressort, et d'au moins un élément d'entraînement réalisé dans un matériau à mémoire de forme en fonction de l'état de commutation, destiné à l'entraînement du ressort. Le ressort selon l'invention présente une lame (110) fixée sur une extrémité (102) et soumise à une contrainte de compression dans le sens de son extension longitudinale, ladite lame réagissant à cette contrainte par déformation latérale vers l'un ou l'autre de deux états terminaux stables. Dans ces états terminaux stables, les zones du ressort prennent différentes positions latérales, et les éléments d'entraînement (118, 119) sont au contact de l'extrémité libre de la lame et provoquent un passage vers le deuxième état terminal stable par inclinaison de l'extrémité libre (104).
EP01940881A 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur Expired - Lifetime EP1295307B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01940881A EP1295307B1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00112917 2000-06-19
EP00112917 2000-06-19
EP01940881A EP1295307B1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur
PCT/IB2001/001066 WO2001099135A1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1295307A1 true EP1295307A1 (fr) 2003-03-26
EP1295307B1 EP1295307B1 (fr) 2009-11-25

Family

ID=8169012

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01940881A Expired - Lifetime EP1295307B1 (fr) 2000-06-19 2001-06-19 Commutateur electrique bistable et relais comportant un tel commutateur

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6943653B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1295307B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004510288A (fr)
KR (1) KR20030019442A (fr)
AU (1) AU2001274371A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50115235D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2334638T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001099135A1 (fr)

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US6924966B2 (en) * 2002-05-29 2005-08-02 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. Spring loaded bi-stable MEMS switch
US6795697B2 (en) 2002-07-05 2004-09-21 Superconductor Technologies, Inc. RF receiver switches
US7665300B2 (en) * 2005-03-11 2010-02-23 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Thin, flexible actuator array to produce complex shapes and force distributions
DE102006055205B4 (de) * 2006-11-21 2011-04-28 Barthelt, Hans-Peter, Dipl.-Ing. Fehlersichere Steuerung für Pflegebetten
KR100812188B1 (ko) 2007-03-27 2008-03-12 대성전기공업 주식회사 단상 유도전동기용 원심스위치의 스위치부 구조
KR100947719B1 (ko) 2008-02-11 2010-03-16 광주과학기술원 마이크로 매트릭스 릴레이 스위치
DE102008057555B4 (de) * 2008-11-15 2010-08-12 Tyco Electronics Austria Gmbh Relais mit Flip-Flop-Feder
US8584456B1 (en) 2010-05-21 2013-11-19 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Bistable actuator mechanism
ITMI20111974A1 (it) 2011-10-28 2013-04-29 Getters Spa Interruttore elettrico bistabile con attuatore a memoria di forma
PL221673B1 (pl) 2011-12-20 2016-05-31 Bitron Poland Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Elektrycznie sterowane urządzenie uruchamiające i urządzenie dozujące
KR101405520B1 (ko) * 2012-08-24 2014-06-09 우리산업 주식회사 복수개의 접점 기반 차량용 대전류 제어시스템
JP6428425B2 (ja) * 2015-03-20 2018-11-28 オムロン株式会社 接点機構およびこれを備えた電磁継電器
DE102016122469B4 (de) 2016-11-22 2019-08-14 ETL Technologies GmbH Relais mit zwangsgeführten Kontakten
US10175501B1 (en) 2018-01-30 2019-01-08 Kenzo Singer Wearable item having a bi-stable mechanism
DE102019110709B4 (de) 2019-04-25 2022-07-07 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrische Schalteinrichtung mit einem Formgedächtniselement
EP4065843B1 (fr) * 2020-03-30 2023-01-04 Saes Getters S.p.A. Actionneur inertiel en alliage à mémoire de forme bistable
KR20230149819A (ko) 2021-03-02 2023-10-27 사에스 게터스 에스.페.아. 비대칭 쌍안정 형상 기억 합금 관성 액추에이터
US11460010B1 (en) 2021-03-30 2022-10-04 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. SMC integrated bi-stable strips for remote actuation
KR102331400B1 (ko) 2021-04-02 2021-12-01 이삼종 공동주택 실내건축물의 전기스위치 시스템 및 그 시공방법

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20030156006A1 (en) 2003-08-21
KR20030019442A (ko) 2003-03-06
ES2334638T3 (es) 2010-03-15
EP1295307B1 (fr) 2009-11-25
JP2004510288A (ja) 2004-04-02
WO2001099135A1 (fr) 2001-12-27
US6943653B2 (en) 2005-09-13
DE50115235D1 (de) 2010-01-07
AU2001274371A1 (en) 2002-01-02

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