EP1228403B1 - Zeitanzeiger mit mechanischer regulierung - Google Patents

Zeitanzeiger mit mechanischer regulierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1228403B1
EP1228403B1 EP00952837A EP00952837A EP1228403B1 EP 1228403 B1 EP1228403 B1 EP 1228403B1 EP 00952837 A EP00952837 A EP 00952837A EP 00952837 A EP00952837 A EP 00952837A EP 1228403 B1 EP1228403 B1 EP 1228403B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tourbillon
module
clockwork
time indicator
bridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00952837A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1228403A1 (de
Inventor
Elmar Mock
Begona Guerry
Elio Mariotto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Watch-U-License AG
Original Assignee
Watch-U-License AG
Watch U License AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Watch-U-License AG, Watch U License AG filed Critical Watch-U-License AG
Priority to EP00952837A priority Critical patent/EP1228403B1/de
Publication of EP1228403A1 publication Critical patent/EP1228403A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1228403B1 publication Critical patent/EP1228403B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels

Definitions

  • the present invention describes a time indicator with a mechanical regulator according to the definition demands. This time indicator is particularly suitable for use in wristwatches.
  • the present invention is in the family of so-called “swirl” time indicators.
  • the classic type of such a time indicator is represented by the "Bréguet tourbillon” from 1795.
  • a balance, its spiral spring and its exhaust are assembled inside a rotating cage, the speed of rotation of the cage is of a turn by 60 sec.
  • the cage rotates around a double bearing gear.
  • the rotation speed can be 60 seconds lower. per turn as shown by the "swirl" Albert H. Potter published in the book «Horlogerie Ancienne», n ° 22, 2nd semester 1987, pages 64-71.
  • whirlwind A particularly aesthetic "whirlwind” is known as “whirlwind” known as flying.
  • whirlwind known as flying.
  • Such a “whirlwind” said flying is described for example in the book “Drehganguhren” of Alfred Helwig, Verlag der Deutschen Uhrmacher-Zeitung, Berlin 1927. This "Whirlwind” says flying does not have any element covering the cage. D exists besides a “Tourbillon” means flying visible on the dial side and exceeding the movement (see the book “Faszination der Uhrentechnik” by Reinhard Meis, page 276, Laterna magica).
  • the rotation speed can be 60 seconds lower. per turn as shown by the "swirl" Albert H. Potter published in the book «Horlogerie Ancienne», n ° 22, 2nd semester 1987, pages 64-71.
  • EP681227 relates to a mechanical timepiece comprising a cylinder in engagement with a visible vortex on the dial side of the timepiece.
  • the whirlpool is rotatably mounted within the workpiece on a single pivot supporting said vortex bar its base.
  • the construction of the tourbillon described in EP681227 resembles in its Tourbillon main construction known from International Watch Company Ltd. (IWC), presented in the year 1993 on the occasion of the 125 anniversary.
  • IWC International Watch Company Ltd.
  • the whirlwind of IWC is not visible from the dial side because it is arranged at the back of the movement, but it is also rotatably mounted inside a room on a single pivot supporting said vortex bar at its base.
  • whirlwind A particularly aesthetic "whirlwind” is known as “whirlwind” known as flying.
  • whirlwind known as flying.
  • Such a “whirlwind” said flying is described for example in the book “Drehganguhren” of Alfred Helwig, Verlag der Deutschen Uhrmacher-Zeitung, Berlin 1927. This "Whirlwind” says flying does not have any element covering the cage.
  • Teourbillon means flying visible on the dial side and exceeding the movement (see the book “Faszination der Uhrentechnik” by Reinhard Meis, page 276, Latema magica).
  • the present invention aims to provide a clever construction of an indicator type of time spiral-balance type "tourbillon" said steering wheel visible side dial. It also aims to provide a solution to the aforementioned disadvantage and to demonstrate a cost-effective and flexible assembly and / or tuning process. Finally, it aims to provide a time indicator for wristwatches particularly aesthetic and slim.
  • the present invention refers to a spiral-balance type time indicator at "Whirlwind” says flying.
  • This "whirlwind” says flying is visible on the dial side and includes a pendulum bridge forming a cage with a ferrule. Its single-tier construction on the door false supports all of said “whirlwind” said flying.
  • the single bearing door at false is ball bearing.
  • the whole “whirlwind” says flying is conceived as a independent tourbillon module, visible from the dial side of the movement and separable from the movement on the other side. All components can be mounted together and set independently of the movement.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a time indicator with regulator said to "tourbillon" with spiral balance.
  • a balance, its spiral spring and the ferrule of swirl are assembled inside a rotating cage, the rotational speed of the cage is 60 sec. per turn.
  • the whole cage revolves around a double bearing gear.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show different views of details of example achievements of a time indicator controller according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view in cut and fig. 3 shows a view from above.
  • This example embodiment of a pendulum-type time indicator refers to a "whirlwind” says flying. It includes a traditional oscillator with balance-spiral-exhaust. It works, for example, Swiss lever escapement. This achievement example is not limiting. The skilled person, knowing this invention can realize a "tourbillon" said flying with another exhaust system, for example with a trigger exhaust system or with another control system known.
  • This oscillator is mounted inside a tourbillon cage.
  • the tourbillon cage turn around a landing.
  • the "swirl” is visible on the dial side 15.
  • side dial 15 the tourbillon cage is formed by a pendulum bridge 2 being secured to a tourbillon shell 1 by pillars 3.
  • the "whirlwind” says flying is entirely visible and has no element covering the cage.
  • the single bearing is a cantilevered, ball-bearing construction. Side bottom, the 4 is held axially in a rolling bearing ball 5 and through which it turns freely. This rolling bearing ball 5 is secured by an outer ring to a tourbillon bridge 6.
  • Whirlpool shell 1 is the main diameter piece defining clutter in the plane of the watch. This vortex whirlpool receives the denture collaborating with a last wheel 12 of a movement 13.
  • the oscillator is held by an axis 7 having a first end 9 driven into a barrel 4 integral with the ferrule 1 and a second end 8 driven into the pendulum bridge 2. These ends may include shock absorbers.
  • the movement of the Swiss anchor oscillator is maintained by an anchor and an anchor wheel carried by the vortex hoop 1.
  • the anchor and the wheel Anchor carried by Whirlpool 1 shell rotate with Whirlpool 1 around of the axis of this one.
  • the anchor wheel carries a pinion 10 which collaborates with a crown with internal teeth 11 integral with the vortex bridge 6, thus creating the wheel rotation anchor 10 around its own axis by the movement of the vortex shell 1.
  • the balance is arranged centrally with respect to the single stage.
  • This exemplary embodiment is in no way limiting. The skilled person, by knowing the present invention can realize a "whirlwind" said flying with a pendulum arranged eccentrically within the vortex cage.
  • Vortex whirl assembly 1, balance bridge 2, barrel 4, ball bearing 5 and vortex bridge 6 form a solidarity module supporting the regulation elements, that is the balance-spiral oscillator with anchor, anchor wheel and pinion 10 and crown with internal teeth 11.
  • the whole is a whirlpool module totally separable of the movement 13.
  • the tourbillon module has the advantage of being mountable for itself and adjustable in outside the movement.
  • This whirlpool module is independent of the movement 13, so for frequency, dressing or adjustment.
  • a movement 13 can receive modules swirls of different frequencies and / or different aesthetic achievements. So the assembly and maintenance of such a tourbillon module is particularly easy, fast, economical and flexible.
  • this whirlpool module can be mounted in the watch at the last moment. Thus it is possible to have a stock of vortex modules relatively small and able to flexibly satisfy the wishes of the buyer, allowing to individualize the watch.
  • the so-called “whirlwheel” is arranged in the plane of the dial 15 of a watch or wristwatch so visible from the dial side in a six o'clock or twelve o'clock position. Due to its small thickness, this "tourbillon” says flying can be arranged in the movement 13 in a raised manner relative to the dial 15, making the “tourbillon” and its elements particularly visible.
  • An indicator needle can be fixed on the balance bridge 2, for example an indicator needle 14 small second.
  • the balance bridge 2 can serve itself indicative by its shape and / or by an associated decoration.
  • the balance bridge 2 is for example made transparent or half transparent. He can wear precious stones and / or precious metals and / or ornaments as indicator.
  • the total height of the whirlpool module can vary to bring the surface of the tourbillon to exceed the dial 15 while staying below the passage of minute and hour hands 16,17.
  • Compatibility between a family of movements and a family of whirlpool modules is done using an interface, ensuring the interchangeability of vortex modules.
  • the interface element ensures that the vortex shell 1 maintains a rotational speed characteristic of for example 60 sec. per turn. This is achieved by an element interface for example by the geometry of its teeth, by the number of teeth, by the shape and positioning of the teeth in the movement 13, so as to collaborate with perfect way with the last wheel 12 of the move 13.
  • the gear ratio must be adjusted to ensure the condition of interchangeability. If for example we reduce the frequency of the oscillator by a factor, then the original diameter ratio between the pinion 10 and the ring gear 11 must increase by the same factor.
  • FIGS 4, 5 and 6 serve to illustrate in more detail the modularity of the vortex of the time indicator according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a perspective view of an example embodiment of a module Flying tourbillon 20 for a time indicator according to the invention.
  • the whirlpool is in principle the same as the vortex already shown in Figures 2 and 3. It contains a balance 21 mounted on an axis 7 with a first end 9 and a second end 8, a spiral 22, a tourbillon shell 1, pillars 3, a balance bridge 2, a barrel 4, a ring gear 11, a rolling bearing 5, and a 10.
  • the vortex is mounted on a vortex bridge 6.
  • the balance 21, its spiral spring 22 and the tourbillon shell 1 are assembled inside a rotating cage formed by the pillars 3, the pendulum bridge 2 and the whirlpool shell 1.
  • Fig. 5 shows a view of the bottom or rear side (opposite side of the dial side) of a movement 13 with a vortex module 20 as illustrated in Figure 4, which is mounted on the movement 13.
  • the whirlpool module or rather the vortex deck 6 is attached to this bottom side of the movement 13 using the screws 24 and to separate the module vortex 20 of the movement 13 it is only necessary to unscrew the screws 24 and pull the module 20 of the movement 13.
  • the vortex shell 1 receives the teeth cooperating with a final wheel (not shown) arranged in a depression 12 of the movement 13.
  • Fig. 6 shows in section the detail D-D of FIG. 5. This figure resembles fig. 2 but shows more clearly the modularity of the tourbillon and its extension in the movement 13.
  • the vortex deck 6 is attached to the bottom or rear side of the movement 13 and the vortex module 20 extends in an opening 18 of the movement 13 to the side dial 15 of it.
  • the roller bearing 5 is not arranged on the same level as the first one. end 9 of the axis 7 (as shown in Fig. 2) but it is distanced from this first end 9 of this axis 7 towards the level of the gravitational center of the module press. This bearing position as close as possible to the gravitational center renders the arrangement more insensitive against shocks.
  • Fig. 6 clearly shows that to disassemble the vortex module 20 of the movement 13 it is not necessary to disassemble any other room. So assembly and maintenance Such a tourbillon module is particularly easy, fast, economical and flexible. In In particular, this tourbillon module can be mounted in the watch at the last moment. It mean that the movement 13 and the whirlpool module can be made and assembled quite separately. So it is possible to have a stock of whirlpool modules relatively small and able to flexibly satisfy the wishes of the buyer, allowing to individualize the watch. If service work is required, it is not necessary to disassemble the whole movement to access the vortex or to separate the box and movement. Although the tourbillon is visible on the dial side, to clear it you only have to open the rear mount, unscrew the module and remove the module from the movement.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Displays For Variable Information Using Movable Means (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Zeitanzeiger vom Typ "Tourbillon" mit Spiralfeder-Unruh, der auf der Seite des Zifferblatts (15) eines Uhrwerks (13) sichtbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zeitanzeiger vom Typ "Tourbillon" mit Spiralfeder-Unruh als unabhängiges "Tourbillon"-Modul (20) konzipiert ist, das vom Uhrwerk (13) auf der Rückseite getrennt werden kann.
  2. Zeitanzeiger nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das "Tourbillon"-Modul (20) aus einem Drehgestellmantelschuss (1), einer Unruhbrücke (2), einem Stundenrohr (4), einem Kugellager (5) und einer Drehgestellbrücke (6) besteht, die ein zusammenhängendes Modul bilden, welches die Regulierelemente (10, 11, 12) trägt.
  3. Zeitanzeiger nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Drehgestellmantelschuss (1) der Teil mit dem Hauptdurchmesser ist, der den Platzbedarf in der Ebene der Uhr festlegt.
  4. Zeitanzeiger nach einem Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unruh im Inneren des Drehgestellgehäuses exzentrisch angeordnet ist.
  5. Zeitanzeiger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schwingelement von einer Achse (7) gehalten wird, die ein erstes Ende (9) hat, das in ein Stundenrohr (4) eingelassen ist, das fest mit dem Mantelschuss (1) verbunden ist, und ein zweites Ende (8) hat, das in die Unruhbrücke (2) eingelassen ist
  6. Zeitanzeiger nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kugellager (5) auf einer Ebene zwischen der Ebene des ersten Endes (9) und der Ebene der Schwerkraftmitte des Drehmoduls eingerichtet ist.
  7. Zeitanzeiger nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Enden (8, 9) Stossdämpfer umfassen.
  8. Zeitanzeiger nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Drehgestellbrücke (6) derart ausgebildet ist, dass sie auf der Hinterseite des Uhrwerks (13) mit Schrauben (24) befestigt werden kann, und dass man, um das Drehgestellmodul (20) von dem Uhrwerk (13) zu trennen, nur die Schrauben (24) aufzuschrauben und das "Tourbillon"-Modul (20) aus dem Uhrwerk (13) herauszuziehen braucht.
  9. Uhrwerk (13), gekennzeichnet durch eine Öffnung (18), die sich von der Rückseite des Uhrwerks (13) bis zur Seite des Zifferblatts (15) dermassen erstreckt, dass die Öffnung ein "Tourbillon"-Modul gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 aufnehmen kann.
  10. Montage- und/oder Einstellverfahren einer Uhr, die einen Zeitanzeiger vom Typ "Tourbillon" mit Spiralfeder-Unruh aufweist, gekennzeichnet durch ein "Tourbillon"-Modul (20), das einen Drehgestellmantelschuss (1), eine Unruhbrücke (2), ein Stundenrohr (4), ein Kugellager (5), eine Drehgestellbrücke (6) aufweist, die ein zusammenhängendes Modul bilden, das die Regulierelemente stützt, völlig von einem Uhrwerk (13) trennbar eingerichtet ist, so dass eine Montage des "Tourbillon"-Moduls (20) allein und/oder eine Einstellung des "Tourbillon"-Moduls ausserhalb des Uhrwerks (13) erlaubt.
  11. Montageverfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Drehgestellmodul (20) auf der Seite des Uhrwerks (13), die der Seite des Zifferblatts (15) gegenüberliegt, in eine Öffnung (18) eingefügt wird, die in dem Uhrwerk (13) eingerichtet ist, und dass die Drehgestellbrücke (6) an dem Uhrwerk (13) auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite befestigt ist.
EP00952837A 1999-09-02 2000-08-31 Zeitanzeiger mit mechanischer regulierung Expired - Lifetime EP1228403B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00952837A EP1228403B1 (de) 1999-09-02 2000-08-31 Zeitanzeiger mit mechanischer regulierung

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99117231A EP1103871A1 (de) 1999-09-02 1999-09-02 Mechanisch geregelte Zeitanzeigevorrichtung
EP99117231 1999-09-02
PCT/CH2000/000464 WO2001018611A1 (fr) 1999-09-02 2000-08-31 Indicateur de temps a regulation mecanique
EP00952837A EP1228403B1 (de) 1999-09-02 2000-08-31 Zeitanzeiger mit mechanischer regulierung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1228403A1 EP1228403A1 (de) 2002-08-07
EP1228403B1 true EP1228403B1 (de) 2005-06-15

Family

ID=8238908

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99117231A Withdrawn EP1103871A1 (de) 1999-09-02 1999-09-02 Mechanisch geregelte Zeitanzeigevorrichtung
EP00952837A Expired - Lifetime EP1228403B1 (de) 1999-09-02 2000-08-31 Zeitanzeiger mit mechanischer regulierung

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99117231A Withdrawn EP1103871A1 (de) 1999-09-02 1999-09-02 Mechanisch geregelte Zeitanzeigevorrichtung

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US7316504B1 (de)
EP (2) EP1103871A1 (de)
JP (1) JP4763951B2 (de)
CN (1) CN100343765C (de)
AT (1) ATE298102T1 (de)
AU (1) AU6553200A (de)
CA (1) CA2383733A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60020870T2 (de)
RU (1) RU2244336C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2001018611A1 (de)

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ATE469378T1 (de) * 2001-12-15 2010-06-15 Richemont Int Sa Konstantkraftvorrichtung
DE502004009754D1 (de) * 2003-03-03 2009-08-27 Watch U Licence Ag Tourbillon
CH696985A5 (fr) * 2003-03-19 2008-02-29 Franck Muller Watchland S A Pièce d'horlogerie comprenant un tourbillon.
EP1460492A1 (de) 2003-03-20 2004-09-22 Manufacture Roger Dubuis S.A. Uhrmechanismus mit Tourbillon
JP4846781B2 (ja) * 2005-03-23 2011-12-28 ベエヌベ コンセプ エセア 時計用ムーブメント
JP5010609B2 (ja) * 2005-09-23 2012-08-29 ウォッチ−ユー−ライセンス アーゲー 傾斜トゥールビヨン
DE102006008699B3 (de) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-23 Heitzer, Heinz-Dieter, Dr. Einstellvorrichtung für die Justierung der Zeigerstellung bei mechanischen Uhren
CH699021B1 (fr) * 2006-03-17 2010-01-15 Bnb Concept Sa Module de base pour pièce d'horlogerie, notamment montre-bracelet.
CH701725B1 (fr) * 2006-09-25 2011-03-15 Franck Mueller Watchland S A Tourbillon pour pièce d'horlogerie.
US7568831B2 (en) * 2006-10-06 2009-08-04 Tiffany & Co. Watch Center Ag Tourbillion-type timepiece movement
EP2233988B1 (de) * 2009-03-23 2012-02-08 Montres Breguet SA Uhrwerk mit Tourbillon, das mit einer stoßfesten Schutzvorrichtung ausgestattet ist
CH700862A1 (fr) * 2009-04-29 2010-10-29 Richemont Int Sa Tourbillon sans le poids du balancier.
EP2397920A1 (de) * 2010-06-17 2011-12-21 Blancpain S.A. Mechanismus für springendes Tourbillon-Gestell oder Karussell-Gestell
EP2466397B1 (de) * 2010-12-20 2013-08-21 Blancpain S.A. Drehteil einer Uhr mit peripherem Antrieb
EP2761379B1 (de) * 2011-09-29 2015-11-18 Télôs Watch SA Uhrwerk mit tourbillon
CH712973B1 (de) 2016-09-23 2023-12-29 Bucherer Ag Tourbillon und Uhr mit Tourbillon.
FR3073056A1 (fr) * 2017-10-28 2019-05-03 Daniel Galazzo Systemes oscillateur-echappement compacts pour piece d'horlogerie
CH714839A1 (fr) * 2018-03-27 2019-09-30 Csem Centre Suisse Delectronique Et De Microtechnique Sa Garde-temps comportant un oscillateur mécanique.
WO2021063953A1 (fr) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-08 Gfpi Sa Mouvement horloger
EP4194961A1 (de) * 2021-12-07 2023-06-14 H.K. Precision Technology Co. Ltd Regulierungseinheit für ein uhrwerk mit einem gestell, das mithilfe eines kugellagers drehbar montiert wird

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CH33368A (fr) 1905-08-02 1906-02-28 Louis Linzaghi Mouvement de montre
CH34394A (fr) 1905-08-25 1906-04-15 Louis Fallet Montre
CH37771A (fr) 1906-10-27 1907-07-31 Freres Courvoisier Montre
CH118261A (fr) * 1926-08-09 1926-12-16 Baumgartner Freres Sa Montre à balancier visible.
CH353679A (fr) 1959-03-24 1961-04-15 Theurillat Xavier Echappement dit à force constante
CH604226B5 (de) * 1975-12-12 1978-08-31 Ebauchesfabrik Eta Ag
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JP2797071B2 (ja) * 1995-08-18 1998-09-17 セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 ツールビョン機構を備えた機械時計
WO1999053383A1 (fr) 1998-04-09 1999-10-21 Taiyu Kiu Indicateur conçu pour differents types de regulateurs de roue d'echappement rotatif
DE69839116T2 (de) * 1998-07-16 2009-02-05 Eta Sa Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Uhr mit Tourbillon
ATE469378T1 (de) * 2001-12-15 2010-06-15 Richemont Int Sa Konstantkraftvorrichtung
EP1349019B1 (de) * 2002-03-26 2010-05-19 Chopard Manufacture SA Tourbillonmechanismus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4763951B2 (ja) 2011-08-31
ATE298102T1 (de) 2005-07-15
DE60020870D1 (de) 2005-07-21
WO2001018611A1 (fr) 2001-03-15
JP2003508792A (ja) 2003-03-04
DE60020870T2 (de) 2006-05-18
EP1228403A1 (de) 2002-08-07
AU6553200A (en) 2001-04-10
RU2002105977A (ru) 2004-01-20
CN1372655A (zh) 2002-10-02
CN100343765C (zh) 2007-10-17
RU2244336C2 (ru) 2005-01-10
CA2383733A1 (fr) 2001-03-15
EP1103871A1 (de) 2001-05-30
US7316504B1 (en) 2008-01-08

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