EP0681227B1 - Mechanische Uhr mit einem Drehgestell - Google Patents

Mechanische Uhr mit einem Drehgestell Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0681227B1
EP0681227B1 EP95106407A EP95106407A EP0681227B1 EP 0681227 B1 EP0681227 B1 EP 0681227B1 EP 95106407 A EP95106407 A EP 95106407A EP 95106407 A EP95106407 A EP 95106407A EP 0681227 B1 EP0681227 B1 EP 0681227B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tourbillon
timepiece
display
timepiece according
train
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95106407A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0681227A1 (de
Inventor
Maurice Grimm
André Beyner
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Omega SA
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Omega SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0681227A1 publication Critical patent/EP0681227A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G04B17/285—Tourbillons or carrousels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a timepiece mechanical, in particular automatic, provided with a tourbillon.
  • the axis of the pendulum is mounted in a cage formed by a plate or base and a rooster and making one revolution per minute.
  • Wheel exhaust is driven by an exhaust pinion off-center with respect to the axis of the cage, i.e. a satellite gear, which meshes on a fixed wheel out of the cage.
  • This cage is itself mounted on a bearing lower and an upper landing carried by a bridge. same if the tourbillon is visible from the side of the dial, by example next to it as the patent shows CH 30 754, this fixed bridge always hides part of the mobile assembly constituted by the cage and the organs that she wears.
  • Patent CH 33 368 describes a variant of a tourbillon classic where all the exhaust is carried by a base in elongated plate shape pivoted in the center of the movement continuously showing and turning. On one side of the central axis, this plate carries the balance and the exhaust, and on the other side it constitutes a counterweight. It is fixed to a central hollow shaft mounted in two bearings, one of which is carried by a bridge located between the dial and the whirlwind. Around the dial, this bridge is supported by four radial arms between which we can see the pendulum during its revolution around the center of the watch.
  • the dial must be much smaller than the movement, therefore not easy to read and, on the other hand, the user does not see the entire tourbillon, but only the balance wheel.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece as defined in claim 1, comprising a conventional type vortex, but supported only by its base.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece as defined in claim 2, comprising a vortex of unspecified type, visible in the center of the timepiece.
  • the coin of watchmaking according to the invention which is here represented by the general reference 1 includes a box 2 from which extend in a conventional manner from the horns 4 (a only being referenced) intended for the attachment of a bracelet.
  • this box 2 also has a mechanical function essential for maintaining and positioning both mobile and fixed time components of timepiece 1. Indeed, near the edge internal 2a of the box 2, and more particularly on radial projections 2c extending in material therefrom, mounted brackets referenced 6 (here three in number) forming part of a guidance of two transparent indicator discs superimposed 8 and 10 ( Figure 3) respectively indicating the minutes and hours.
  • peripheral teeth 8b and 10b both 8 and 10 minute and hour discs respectively are driven by a mechanical drive system of this timepiece 1 whose particularity essential is to include a vortex, and in particular an anchor escapement tourbillon, placed in the center of said piece.
  • This tourbillon in the center which bears the reference general 20 includes a conventional mobile equipment, know a balance wheel 22 that we see so schematic in Figure 2, a spiral spring 24, an anchor 26 and an escape wheel 28 pivoted on a bridge exhaust 30.
  • the arrangement of these components on the tourbillon 20 and their operation is classic and it will therefore not be described here any more detailed.
  • the vortex 20 is mounted mobile in rotation around its longitudinal axis referenced X ( Figure 2) which is also the longitudinal central axis of the timepiece 1 (located at the intersection of the transverse axes 6h-12h (reference Y1) and 3h-9h (reference Y2)), geometric axis characteristic around which the indicators revolve supported hours and minutes 10a and 8a respectively by discs 8 and 10.
  • X longitudinal axis referenced
  • Figure 2 which is also the longitudinal central axis of the timepiece 1 (located at the intersection of the transverse axes 6h-12h (reference Y1) and 3h-9h (reference Y2)), geometric axis characteristic around which the indicators revolve supported hours and minutes 10a and 8a respectively by discs 8 and 10.
  • timepieces classic it is around this central axis X that revolve the hour and minute hands, and possibly the second hand.
  • the vortex 20 has a base 32 which is also movable in rotation around the central axis X and which supports the most of the components with which the tourbillon 20 is fitted. It will be noted that, from this base 32, rise in direction of a mirror G of the axial arms 34 (here in number three) fixed to the base 32 and interconnected by transverse arms 36 which meet in the vicinity of the central axis X.
  • the axial arms 34 and the arms transverse 36 functionally constitute a cage 38 which "encloses", in cooperation with the base 32, the components of the vortex 20 housed inside it.
  • this tourbillon 20 is more particularly the cage 38 rotate freely with a large radial clearance at the inside of a dial ring 40 which has the shape of a hollow tube or barrel which is driven out on a C dial.
  • Dial C which is placed under the discs display 8 and 10 is fixedly fixed, by screws not referenced, on a plate P (visible in Figure 2) by through three columns 42 ( Figure 1) driven on this deck. This C dial bears hour marks visible through the two discs 8 and 10, for the reading the time provided by room 1.
  • dial ring 40 is fixedly held in position on timepiece 1 and that it is fixed relative to the box 2.
  • this ring dial 40 has a straight outer wall 40b which allows it to provide radial guidance in rotation of two display discs 8 and 10 which are therefore mounted, by relative to this straight wall 40b with a radial clearance such that these superimposed discs 8 and 10 can move in free rotation around this dial ring 40 and therefore around the tourbillon 20.
  • the dial C and ring assembly dial dial 40 therefore constitute a centerpiece of the timepiece 1 ensuring the radial part of the rotating guidance (interior guidance) of the indicators hours and minutes formed by discs 8 and 10.
  • the dial C is therefore dimensioned, in particular in thickness for be able to ensure this precise positioning.
  • the two transparent discs 8 minutes and 10 hours are achieved in one mineral material, such as sapphire.
  • one mineral material such as sapphire.
  • the two hour hand 8a and minute hand 10a are provided on these sapphire discs, in excess thickness, by depositing a metal layer, using techniques classics. We have shown these extra thicknesses so exaggerated in Figure 3 for a better understanding of the drawing.
  • the patterns affixed to these discs are not limited to the above needles only.
  • the two display discs 8 and 10 are by elsewhere height-guided (axial guidance) at their periphery by the gallows 6, one of which will be described in more detail with reference to Figure 3.
  • Each stem 6 has a U shape, one of the branches, the lowest, referenced 6a extends laterally out of the box 2 to come cover a shoulder 44 of this box, formed by the upper surface of one of the radial projections 2c of the box 2.
  • this box 2 ensuring the axial guidance of the means indicating the hours 10 and the 8 minutes constitutes a frame referenced B.
  • this frame B comes in one piece with a bottom F of box 2, bottom on which a mass is pivoted oscillating not shown.
  • the longest transverse branch 6a of the bracket 6 has positioning lights 6b (one only being here referenced, Figure 1) each receiving a pin 46 driven into the frame part B of the box 2, and in particular in the corresponding projection 2c.
  • Each bracket 6 is rigidly fixed to the box 2 via a screw 47 similarly anchored in said box 2.
  • the two display discs 8 and 10 have crowns 8c and 10c at their periphery made of a metallic material, and comprising a shoulder to receive the corresponding disc.
  • the drive crowns 8c and 10c are glued to the display discs 8 and 10 and they have at their periphery the outer radial toothing 8b, 10b shown in Figure 1, toothing which is machined directly in these crowns.
  • the two display discs 8 and 10 are guided in height (axial guidance) thanks to a sandwich structure consisting of two rubies 50 and 52 extending axially to the rights of crowns 8c and 10c and chased respectively inside the transverse branches 6a and 6d of the gallows 6.
  • these two rubies 50, 52 which are arranged on either side of the display assembly consisting of the two transparent discs 8 and 10 rest in friction contact, laterally against one of the sides of the two drive crowns 8c and 10c.
  • a spacer or spacer 54 having the form a needle whose foot 54a is driven inside of the axial branch 6c of the stem 6 and whose head which is here of spherical shape plunges towards the center of the timepiece, towards the center of the vortex 20, inside the space between the two display discs 8 and 10. Thanks to this arrangement, maintains an operating clearance at height sufficient and permanent between these discs 8 and 10.
  • the fixed bezel L which is conventionally mounted by a cone on the frame B of the box 2 also conventionally supports ice G and has an annular roof 60 which dives angularly down toward display disks 8 and 10. This roof covers the gallows 6 and the end device of discs 8 and 10 and prevents them are visible from the outside of the room.
  • the vortex 20 is rotatably mounted around its longitudinal axis X by through a bearing 62 whose inner ring 62a is fixedly mounted on the base 32 of the tourbillon 20.
  • the inner ring 62a of the bearing 62 constitutes a guide hub for guiding in rotation of the vortex 20 around the central axis X of the part watchmaking 1.
  • this inner ring 62a of the bearing 62 is driven into the base 32 of the tourbillon 20 and it has, inside of it, a kitten 62b shown here very schematically and in which is placed a stone, not referenced, ensuring the guidance in rotation of the balance wheel 22. It will be noted that this balance wheel 22 is also guided in its upper part by a stone, not referenced, placed in a support S secured to the transverse arms 36 of the cage 38.
  • the bearing 62 conventionally comprises a set of ball 62c (only one being referenced), thus an outer ring 62d which, advantageously, has an external toothing 62e constituting a fixed wheel 64 of the tourbillon 20.
  • the outer ring 62d of the bearing 62 is fixed on a tourbillon bridge 66 which is by elsewhere, fixed (not shown) the plate P of timepiece 1, platinum which is positioned above of the oscillating mass not shown and which is fixed on the bottom frame formed by the box 2.
  • the outer ring 62d of the bearing 62 is precisely positioned on the tourbillon bridge 66 by through pins 68 (here two numbers) conventionally hunted in these two elements.
  • the axial fixing of this outer ring 62d, and by consequent on the entire tourbillon 20, is ensured, on the tourbillon bridge 66, using screws 70, here numbers 3 and only one of which was shown in this figure.
  • the tourbillon 20 is rotatably mounted in the center of the room watchmaking 1 thanks to a single pivot (rotation guidance with single pivoting plane) constituted by the bearing with ball 62.
  • a single pivot rotation guidance with single pivoting plane
  • the vortex 20 is free of any mechanical connection since it is not linked to no additional guide pieces.
  • This provision is extremely advantageous because it allows positioning the tourbillon 20 with little clearance in height compared to ice G and it completely releases the part upper part of this vortex.
  • this one, being mounted in the center of timepiece 1 may include diameter dimensions greater than mounting eccentric.
  • the tourbillon 20 could occupy almost the entire available area of the timepiece 1.
  • the teeth outer ring of the outer ring 62d of the bearing 62 which constitutes the fixed wheel 64 of the tourbillon 20, meshes with a pinion 72, called the exhaust pinion.
  • This exhaust pinion 72 is rotatably mounted on the base 32 of the tourbillon 20 thanks to a through axis 74 which is housed in an unreferenced stone, placed in said base 32.
  • the through axis 74 projects from the side on the other side of the base 32 and it is connected to the wheel exhaust 28 which can be seen in top view at the FIG. 1. Consequently, the rotation of the vortex 20, and in particular from the base 32 around the central axis X thanks to the single monoplane support provided by ball bearing 62 ensures the rotational drive of the escape wheel 28, via the exhaust pinion 72 which here forms a pinion satellite.
  • This drive of the escape wheel 28 ensures the beating of the anchor 26, which, so classic, allows the maintenance of the oscillating movement balance wheel 22 alternative.
  • the tourbillon 20 comprises in besides a cage wheel 78 which is fixed by screws not represented under the base 32 and which meshes with a mobile intermediate 80 forming part of a first gear R1 shown in Figure 4, ensuring the mechanical connection direct between a barrel 82 which will be described below and the vortex 20.
  • the barrel 82 which is arranged between the plate p and the tourbillon bridge 66 has a classic configuration as to its structure and functioning.
  • Axis 83 of this barrel 82 is rotatably mounted on the plate P and in tourbillon bridge 66 thanks to bearings conventional, not referenced.
  • the barrel 82 is mounted directly below the tourbillon 20 and coaxial with it, i.e. also on the axis central longitudinal X of the timepiece 1.
  • this barrel can have dimensions in diameter greater than an eccentric mounting and, than extreme, barrel 82 could like tourbillon 20 occupy almost the entire available area of the room of watchmaking 1, and extend beyond the diameter movement.
  • Barrel 82 conventionally drives a rock 84 which receives energy from an oscillating mass not shown, housed under the plate.
  • the tourbillon bridge 66 fitted with the tourbillon 20 as well as the other intermediate mobiles 80 constitute on the plate p a full-fledged module which is mounted on the bottom frame of the box 2, above the mass oscillating, module as it is, and provided that it is in mechanical grip with a drive member, can operate independently of the barrel 82.
  • the arms transverse 36 which constitute the cage 38 of the tourbillon 20 support a racket 90 which is pivotally mounted on the support S and which includes adjustment pins 92 (only one being referenced) capable of acting on the hairspring 24 shown in Figure 1.
  • the hairspring 24 is itself mounted via a stud on the arms transverse 36 of the cage 38. This assembly says assembly Breguet is classic and will not be described in more detail detailed.
  • the racket 90 constitutes the second hand of timepiece 1, the time components described here being provided so that the tourbillon 20 rotates in one minute.
  • the upper part of the ring dial 40 may include graduations of the seconds for allow reading of the second via the hand seconds constituted by said racket 90.
  • this needle of 90 seconds is arranged above a support racket 92 on which can be marked + (plus) and - (minus) indications used to adjust the market.
  • a wheel 80a of a mobile 80 is engaged with the cage wheel 78 of the tourbillon 20, this mobile 80 being rotatably mounted between two bridges, respectively upper 100 and lower 102, integral with plate P.
  • the bridge upper 100 is mounted on the lower deck 102 which is in turn mounted on stage P, these details of construction not shown here.
  • These two bridges 100 and 102 and the mobiles of the R1 train are particularly visible in Figure 5, and in part in figure 2.
  • figure 5 is a view which has was developed for a better understanding of drawings but which does not accurately represent the barrel 82 which is actually located at the right of the vortex 20.
  • the mobile 80 further comprises a pinion 80b which meshes with a wheel 104a of a second mobile 104 of the cog R1.
  • This mobile 104 comprises a pinion 104b in engagement with a wheel 106a of a third mobile 106, this mobile 104 being mounted also in rotation between the two bridges 100 and 102.
  • the mobile 106 is provided with a pinion 106b which meshes with the toothing of barrel 82.
  • the mobile 106 has a shaft 106c which is rotatably mounted in stage P and in the bridge lower 102 that it crosses.
  • the cylinder 82 drives a second gear train R2 which ensures driving display disks 8 and 10.
  • This second train R2 comprises a first mobile 110 whose pinion 110a is engaged with the teeth of the barrel 82, and the wheel 110b of which meshes with a pinion 112a of a second mobile 112 of the gear train R2.
  • the 112 mobile includes a wheel 112b frictionally mounted on the shaft 112c of this mobile 112, in order to set the time display discs 8 and 10.
  • the wheel 112b meshes with a pinion 114a of a control mobile 114 shown more clearly detailed in FIG. 7.
  • the pinion 114a is also engaged with an MH time-setting pinion which can be controlled by the user.
  • control mobile 114 comprises a shaft 114b on which is provided with another pinion 114c which is in engagement with a wheel 116a of a timer 116 ensuring the reduction for the rotational drive of the 10 hour record, one turn out of twelve or twenty-four hours.
  • the timer 116 is mounted on a stud 118 integral of plate P, not shown here.
  • This timer 116 comprises a pinion 116b which meshes with a wheel 120a of a mobile 120 which is mounted idler on the control shaft 114b and which carries a pinion 120b engaged with a wheel 122a of an intermediate mobile 122 pivoted between two bridges 124 and 126.
  • This mobile intermediary 122 drives a 130 hour mobile which is rotatably mounted between deck 124 and a third deck 132, visible from above in Figures 1 and 8.
  • the 130 hour mobile is a staged mobile whose lower pinion 130a is in engagement with the wheel 122a, while the upper pinion 130b meshes with the disc 10 hours, via the peripheral toothing of the crown reported 10c.
  • the control shaft 114b further comprises a pinion reported 136 driven by the shaft 114b by a link square, this pinion meshing with a wheel 138a of another intermediate mobile 138 rotatably mounted between the two bridges 124 and 126.
  • the wheel 138a is also engaged with a lower pinion 140a of a minute mobile 140, of stepped structure identical to that of the hour mobile 130.
  • the 140 minute mobile has a pinion upper 140b driving the 8 minute disc, via the peripheral toothing of the added crown 8c.
  • the two discs 8 and 10 are shaped and of identical dimensions, as well as the two 8c crowns and 10c.
  • the 140 hour mobile is also rotatably mounted between the two bridges 132 and 124.
  • the three bridges 124, 126 and 132 are particularly visible in FIG. 8 which represents in top view the drive system of display disks which has just been described.
  • dial C has been removed for a better understanding of the drawing, which makes the cog particularly visible display R2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Predetermined Time Intervals (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Mechanisches Zeitmeßgerät, umfassend ein Federhaus (82) im Eingriff mit einem Tourbillon (20) des Typs mit einer um eine Tourbillonachse (X) drehbaren Basis (32) und mit einem Satellitenhemmungsritzel (72), das mit einem auf die Achse (X) zentrierten festen Zahnrad (64) kämmt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Tourbillon (20) drehbeweglich um seine Achse (X) im Innern des Zeitmeßgeräts auf einem einzigen Lager (62) drehbeweglich montiert ist, das an der Unterseite der Basis (32) des Tourbillons (20) abgestützt ist, welcher völlig frei und von oben sichtbar ist.
  2. Mechanisches Zeitmeßgerät, umfassend ein Zentrum und eine Zifferblattseite (C), die für einen Benutzer für das Ablesen einer gemessenen Zeit sichtbar ist, und ein Federhaus im Eingriff mit einem Tourbillon (20), der eine um eine Tourbillonachse (X) drehbare Basis (32) und eine um die Achse (X) auf der Basis (32) drehbare Unruh (22) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Tourbillon (20) von der Zifferblattseite des Geräts aus sichtbar gemacht ist und daß die Achse (X) des Tourbillon im Zentrum des Zeitmeßgeräts angeordnet ist.
  3. Zeitmeßgerät nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der einen Umlauf pro Minute ausführende Tourbillon (20) einen Sekundenzeiger (90) umfaßt.
  4. Zeitmeßgerät nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sekundenzeiger (90) einen Rückerzeiger für die Regulierung des Gangs dieses Zeitmeßgeräts bildet.
  5. Zeitmeßgerät nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Anzeigescheiben (8, 10) umfaßt, die die gemessene Zeit anzeigen und die koaxial zu dem Tourbillon (20) angeordnet sind.
  6. Zeitmeßgerät nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen Zifferblattring (40) aufweist, der fest in einem Anzeige-Zifferblatt (C) montiert ist, welcher Ring (40) Führungsmittel bildet, die die radiale Drehführung der Anzeigescheiben (8, 10) sicherstellen.
  7. Zeitmeßgerät nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzeigescheiben (8, 10) an ihrer Peripherie von einem Antriebssystem angetrieben sind, das auf einem von dem Gehäuse des Geräts gebildeten Gestell montiert ist.
  8. Zeitmeßgerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es verzahnte Antriebskronen (8c, 10c) umfaßt, die an der Peripherie der Anzeigescheiben (8, 10) angebracht sind.
  9. Zeitmeßgerät nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Abstützmittel der Anzeigescheiben umfaßt, gebildet von Auslegern (6), die die axiale Führung dieser Scheiben an deren Peripherie sicherstellen.
  10. Zeitmeßgerät nach Ansprüchen 6, 8 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Ausleger (6) Axialführungsorgane (50, 52, 54) umfaßt, die in Reibungskontakt mit entsprechenden Flanken der Anzeigescheiben (8, 10) oder Antriebskronen (8c, 10c) sind.
  11. Zeitmeßgerät nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Tourbillon (20) im Inneren des Geräts auf einem einzigen Lager (62) montiert ist, das von der Unterseite der Basis (32) des Tourbillon (20) abgestützt ist, welcher zifferblattseitig völlig frei ist.
  12. Zeitmeßgerät nach Anspruch 1 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das einzige Lager (62) von einem Kugellager gebildet ist.
  13. Zeitmeßgerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das einzige Lager (62) von einem Wälzlager (62) gebildet ist, dessen Außenring (62d) eine Verzahnung (62e) aufweist, die das feste Zahnrad (64) bildet.
  14. Zeitmeßgerät nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, umfassend Mittel zum Anzeigen der gemessenen Zeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein erstes, ein Antriebsräderwerk bildendes und die mechanische Verbindung zwischen dem Federhaus (82) und dem Tourbillon (20) sicherstellendes Räderwerk (R1) und ein zweites, ein Anzeigeräderwerk bildendes, die Anzeigemittel (8, 10) steuerndes Räderwerk (R2) umfaßt, welches Anzeigeräderwerk (R2) im Eingriff mit Zeiteinstellmitteln (MH) ist, wobei das erste Antriebsräderwerk (R1) und das zweite Anzeigeräderwerk (R2) beide im direkten Eingriff mit dem Federhaus (82) sind, das zwischen ihnen einen mechanischen Puffer bildet, der jede Störung des ersten Räderwerks (R1) während der Zeiteinstellung vermeidet.
  15. Zeitmeßgerät nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Federhaus (82) und der Tourbillon (20) koaxial sind.
EP95106407A 1994-05-07 1995-04-28 Mechanische Uhr mit einem Drehgestell Expired - Lifetime EP0681227B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01424/94A CH687795C1 (fr) 1994-05-07 1994-05-07 Piece d'horlogerie mecanique pourvue d'un tourbillon.
CH1424/94 1994-05-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0681227A1 EP0681227A1 (de) 1995-11-08
EP0681227B1 true EP0681227B1 (de) 1998-03-04

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EP95106407A Expired - Lifetime EP0681227B1 (de) 1994-05-07 1995-04-28 Mechanische Uhr mit einem Drehgestell

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5608694A (de)
EP (1) EP0681227B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3699153B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1096010C (de)
CH (1) CH687795C1 (de)
DE (1) DE69501676C5 (de)
HK (1) HK1009348A1 (de)
SG (1) SG34977A1 (de)

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Also Published As

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SG34977A1 (en) 1997-02-01
DE69501676T2 (de) 1998-10-01
JP3699153B2 (ja) 2005-09-28
DE69501676D1 (de) 1998-04-09
HK1009348A1 (en) 1999-05-28
CN1096010C (zh) 2002-12-11
DE69501676C5 (de) 2006-07-13
CN1113326A (zh) 1995-12-13
CH687795B5 (fr) 1997-08-31
EP0681227A1 (de) 1995-11-08
CH687795GA3 (fr) 1997-02-28
US5608694A (en) 1997-03-04
CH687795C1 (fr) 2001-05-15
JPH0843546A (ja) 1996-02-16

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