EP0972902B1 - Ferme-porte à dimensions réduites - Google Patents

Ferme-porte à dimensions réduites Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0972902B1
EP0972902B1 EP99105904A EP99105904A EP0972902B1 EP 0972902 B1 EP0972902 B1 EP 0972902B1 EP 99105904 A EP99105904 A EP 99105904A EP 99105904 A EP99105904 A EP 99105904A EP 0972902 B1 EP0972902 B1 EP 0972902B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
closer
door
shaft
damping device
door closer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99105904A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0972902A1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Schulte
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0972902A1 publication Critical patent/EP0972902A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0972902B1 publication Critical patent/EP0972902B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • E05F3/106—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction with crank-arm transmission between driving shaft and piston within the closer housing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60—Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622—Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/644—Flexible elongated pulling elements
    • E05Y2201/656—Chains
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132—Doors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S16/00—Miscellaneous hardware, e.g. bushing, carpet fastener, caster, door closer, panel hanger, attachable or adjunct handle, hinge, window sash balance
    • Y10S16/09—Hydraulic actuated checks, closers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S16/00—Miscellaneous hardware, e.g. bushing, carpet fastener, caster, door closer, panel hanger, attachable or adjunct handle, hinge, window sash balance
    • Y10S16/17—Checks and closers, holding means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S16/00—Miscellaneous hardware, e.g. bushing, carpet fastener, caster, door closer, panel hanger, attachable or adjunct handle, hinge, window sash balance
    • Y10S16/21—Checks, closers, check valve construction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a door closer the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such door closers are known, for example from DE 9319541 U1, which goes back to the applicant.
  • a door closer which a closer spring and a hydraulic damping element in the form of a damping piston.
  • the closer spring acts directly on the damping piston and works together with them in a common Casing.
  • the closer shaft carries a pinion that with an internal toothing meshes in the damping piston.
  • the thickness of the door closer is in Radial direction of the closer shaft is relatively large because of the Damping piston surrounds the closer shaft.
  • the closer spring in part of the Damping device arranged and stands with the Hydraulic fluid in contact. In the event of an error or leak Damping device must therefore also the Part of the door closer assigned to the closer spring be opened. The resulting high Repair effort generally leads to the Door closers must be replaced completely.
  • a door closer is known from DE 196 20 382 A1, an energy storage device in the form of a closer spring has, which is spaced from the Closer shaft is arranged. A damping device is not intended for this door closer.
  • DE 19548202 A1 shows a friction damper for such door closer, which is separately in a Guide rail of the closer linkage can be provided got to.
  • Such friction dampers do not achieve that desired closing sequence with hydraulic Attenuators can be achieved.
  • US-A-2 834 039 is a door closer with a Energy storage known that contains a closer spring with a driven by the closer spring Closer shaft and with a hydraulic in one separate housing provided fluid-damped Damping device, the energy storage and the Damping device together on the closer shaft act and the closer spring and the closer shaft not in contact with the fluid of the damping device stand.
  • a corresponding door closer is also off EP-A-0 029 190.
  • damping device with its separate Housing section rotatable about the direction of action there are special advantages.
  • the damping device with its adjustment valves be oriented in such a way that they are accessible from an Side of the door frame or door leaf adjustable are.
  • the one surrounding the damping device can Housing section towards the closer shaft wear an outward-facing, ring-shaped collar, in an annular groove open to the rod engages and forms a pivot bearing with this.
  • the closer spring is a Coil spring is surrounded on the outside by a sleeve is, the end facing the closer shaft Sleeve forms an inward facing collar, which as Abutment for the closer spring is formed. Further can the closer spring over a on the End of the sleeve acting away from the closer shaft Adjustment device adjustable in its preload his. This results in a simple and reliable Adjustment. Because the closer spring and the closer shaft are not included are in contact with the fluid of the damping device, they will not work with the in the Damping device occurring dynamic pressure applied. The closer spring and the closer shaft can therefore in relatively simple, especially not fluid-tight housings may be arranged beyond that can be made relatively thin-walled. From this results on the one hand an advantage in material and Processing costs during manufacturing. On the other hand reduces the thin wall thickness of the housing in the area of the energy storage, the overall dimensions and that Weight of the door closer.
  • the housing sections in Design and wall thickness to meet individual requirements of the modules can be adjusted.
  • a common structural Unity however, they can be like a conventional one Door closer mounted together on the door or frame become.
  • the closer spring can be pulled, especially via a chain on the closer shaft Act. This results in a simple, inexpensive and reliable power transmission.
  • the Damping device in the radial direction next to the Closer shaft is arranged or if the Damping device in the axial direction of the closer shaft is arranged. It can also be advantageous on the one hand be when the closer shaft is between the closer spring and the damping device is arranged. on the other hand can the arrangement of the damping device and Energy storage on the same side of the closer shaft be beneficial. The closer shaft is then possible stored at the ends in the housing.
  • the damping device comprises a damping piston which is connected by means of a rod, for example via a crank mechanism.
  • the damping device and the Closer spring parallel in its direction of action, in particular be arranged coaxially to one another. Then will act on the normally open shaft Well balanced moments. Good kinematics and one flat especially in the axial direction of the closer shaft Construction of the door closer is possible if the Closer shaft is rotatable about an axis in arranged substantially perpendicular to the direction of action is.
  • the traction means at least in sections on a outer circumferential surface of the closer shaft rests, wherein the lateral surface is preferably an angle-dependent varying distance from the center axis of the
  • the closer lever has, the effective lever arm, with which the traction device attacks on the closer shaft, almost can be set arbitrarily. It is an advantage if the effective lever arm of the traction device on the NO shaft in the area of small door opening angles on greatest is. This will ensure that the Door even in the event of a difficult door latch or drafts guaranteed.
  • the variation of the lever arm can be particularly simple about the thickness and / or shape of the traction device, especially over links of different lengths Pull chain must be set.
  • the possible variations are diverse and overall inexpensive accessible.
  • Figure 1 is a door closer in a cross section shown.
  • a door closer shaft 1 is rotatable in a housing 2 arranged, the axis of rotation perpendicular stands on the drawing level according to FIG. 1.
  • the closer shaft 1 divides the housing 2 approximately in Ratio 2/3: 1/3 in a longer housing part and a shorter housing part.
  • the longer housing part surrounds a closer spring 3, which is surrounded by a sleeve 4 surrounded and penetrated by a tie rod 5.
  • a Pull chain 6 connects the pull rod 5 as a pulling means the closer shaft 1.
  • the pull chain 6 engages in a bearing 7 at a distance from the central axis of the Closer shaft there.
  • the closer spring is supported with its end near the shaft 3 from a bottom 8 of the sleeve 4.
  • the far end of the wave the closer spring 4 rests on a spring plate 9 which is connected to the pull rod 5 in a tensile manner.
  • the sleeve 4 is in turn tensile with a cover 10 Adjusting screw 11 connected.
  • the adjusting screw 11 finally supports itself against the far end of the Housing 2 from the front.
  • the shorter housing part contains a damping device with a cylindrical housing section 12, the one Damping piston 13 surrounds.
  • the damping piston 13 is integrally connected to a piston rod 14, the again articulated with a connecting rod-like Link 15 and about this with the Closer shaft 1 is connected.
  • the point of attack of the Link 15 on the closer shaft 1 is the Attack point 7 immediately adjacent, so that also between the connecting member 15 and the closer shaft 1 a lever arm results.
  • the attenuator further contains in in a known manner, an adjusting screw 16, the via a compression spring 17 a valve ball 18 in its seat holds. This results in a pressure relief valve when the door is opened or closed quickly resulting internal pressure limited.
  • the Piston 13 a check valve 20 that the damping-free Opening the door allowed, but in the closing direction closed is.
  • the piston 13 surrounds one annular seal 21 for separating the two Working spaces of the hydraulic fluid.
  • Figure 2 shows the door closer of Figure 1 in one Cross section parallel to the axis of rotation of the closer shaft 1.
  • the same components have the same reference numbers characterized.
  • Figure 3 shows the damping device in cross section according to Figure 1 in an enlarged view. It is can be seen that the housing part 12 in the area of Passage of the rod 14 with an outward-pointing Collar 23 is provided, which is essentially surrounds the rod 14 in a rotationally symmetrical manner. Between the Rod 14 and the housing portion 12 is also a Slide bushing 24 arranged to guide the rod 14th takes over.
  • FIG. 4 shows the damping device 3 in a cross section along the line IV-IV.
  • two adjustable throttle valves are arranged laterally next to the guide of the rod 14. These throttle valves are used to adjust the Damping levels, one over the entire Opening area of the door is effective while a second Valve in the angular range just before the door closes damping becomes active and in this angular range reduced so that the door snaps into the Closing latch takes place at a higher speed.
  • the entire housing portion 12 um its defined by the axis of the rod 14 Center axis is rotatable because the collar 23 in one corresponding groove of the longer housing section intervenes.
  • the throttle valves 25 are in one any orientation rotatable.
  • the Housing dimensions, which in Figure 1, the width of the Represents housing, essentially only by the Lever arm between the closer shaft 1 and the Attack point 7 is determined.
  • the one described so far Door closers are therefore very narrow and can be built without further be installed directly in a door leaf, without going beyond this. It is optical This makes door closers essentially invisible.
  • Another major advantage of the presented Arrangement lies in the modularity of the structure by namely the door closer to an energy store Side of the closer shaft and an attenuator for other side of the closer shaft. At maybe occurring leaks of the attenuator can this removed from the actual door closer will be repaired or replaced without the rest of the door closer must be dismantled.
  • the closer spring 3 no special precautions necessary to prevent this area from escaping from Secure hydraulic fluid. There is hydraulic fluid not in this part of the door closer. This makes possible finally, a relatively simple construction for Setting the preload of the closer spring 3.
  • the Adjustment screw 10 can namely over a Threaded portion 26 (shown in Figure 2) entire sleeve 4 with the bottom 8 of the closer shaft 1 move away. This increases the preload NO spring 3, which ultimately results in a larger one Closing moment with small opening angles of the door leads.
  • the pressure-free and not fluid-tight housing of the Energy storage can be kept particularly slim making a relatively strong one even with small dimensions Closer spring can be installed. This means that Compared to conventional door closers the same Installation thickness greater torques can be achieved.
  • the housing can be made from easy-to-manufacture stamped and bent parts be composed. This is particularly inexpensive.
  • the modular design has also for the Manufacturing operations advantages, namely it can be common attenuator for different drives be used so that with door closers with for example, other swivel ranges only the Energy storage and drive unit must be changed while an identical attenuator as with others Models can be used.
  • the not necessarily fluid-tight encapsulation of the Energy storage enables direct for the first time optical control of the position of the spring preload a viewing window or a display pen. So far tapping the spring preload was a mechanical one challenging problem, for example, about a magnetic transmission of the position of the abutment after has been solved on the outside. A simple visual inspection is again not only particularly inexpensive, but also very desirable in practice because the default setting of the Door closer an important for a certain door size The point of view for fire and smoke protection doors is. Poor recognition of the spring preload leads often to wrong basic settings and corresponding safety deficiencies.

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  • Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Ferme-porte avec un accumulateur d'énergie qui contient un ressort de fermeture (3), avec un arbre de fermeture (1) entraíné par le ressort de fermeture (3), ainsi qu'avec un dispositif d'amortissement hydraulique amorti par un fluide (12, 13), moyennant quoi l'accumulateur d'énergie et le dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13) agissent sur un arbre de fermeture (1) commun, moyennant quoi le ressort de fermeture (3) et l'arbre de fermeture (1) ne sont pas reliés avec le fluide du dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13) est disposé de manière rotative autour de sa direction d'action.
  2. Ferme-porte selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'accumulateur d'énergie, l'arbre de fermeture (1) et le dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13) sont assemblés en une unité de construction commune avec des parties de boítiers (2, 12) respectives.
  3. Ferme-porte selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le ressort de fermeture (3) agit par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de traction, en particulier une chaíne (6), sur l'arbre de fermeture (1).
  4. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amortissement est disposé dans le sens radial à proximité de l'arbre de fermeture.
  5. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13) est disposé dans le sens axial de l'arbre de fermeture (1).
  6. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre de fermeture (1) est disposé entre le ressort de fermeture (3) et le dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13).
  7. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, ainsi que la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13) et l'accumulateur d'énergie sont disposés du même côté de l'arbre de fermeture (1).
  8. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13) comprend un piston d'amortissement (13) qui est entraíné à l'aide d'une tige (15).
  9. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13) et le ressort de fermeture (3) sont disposés, dans leur direction d'action, de façon parallèle et en particulier de manière coaxiale les uns par rapport aux autres.
  10. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'arbre de fermeture (1) peut tourner autour d'un axe qui est sensiblement perpendiculaire à la direction d'action.
  11. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie de boítier (12) entourant le dispositif d'amortissement (12, 13) supporte un collet annulaire (23) rotatif en forme d'anneau orienté vers l'extérieur en direction de l'arbre de fermeture (1), qui se met en prise dans une rainure annulaire ouverte en direction de la tige (14) et forme avec elle un palier de rotation.
  12. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le ressort de fermeture (3) est un ressort cylindrique qui est entouré à l'extérieur par un manchon (4), l'extrémité du manchon (4) orienté vers l'arbre de fermeture (1) formant un épaulement (8) orienté vers l'intérieur, qui est conçue comme un contre-palier pour le ressort de fermeture (3).
  13. Ferme-porte selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la tension du ressort de fermeture (3) est ajustable par l'intermédiaire d'un dispositif de réglage (11, 26) agissant sur l'extrémité (10) du manchon (4) opposée à l'arbre de fermeture.
  14. Ferme-porte selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de traction (5, 6) s'appuie au moins partiellement sur une surface latérale extérieure de l'arbre de fermeture (1), la surface latérale comportant de préférence une distance, variable selon l'angle, par rapport à l'axe central de l'arbre de fermeture (1).
  15. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le bras de levier efficace du moyen de traction (5, 6) est le plus important sur l'arbre de fermeture (1) dans la zone d'un faible angle d'ouverture de la porte.
  16. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications 3, 14, 15, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de traction (5, 6) se met en prise sur l'arbre de fermeture (1), dans la zone d'un faible angle d'ouverture de la porte, par l'intermédiaire d'un levier, de telle sorte qu'un tracé approximativement cosinusoïdal du couple soit obtenu et que le moyen de traction (5, 6) s'appuie sur l'arbre de fermeture (1) dans de grands angles d'ouverture, de telle sorte que dès lors, le couple ne diminue sensiblement pas davantage.
  17. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications 3, 14, caractérisé en ce que le bras de levier efficace du moyen de traction sur l'arbre de fermeture (1) comporte un minimum dans la zone d'un angle d'ouverture moyen et augmente vers de grands angles d'ouverture.
  18. Ferme-porte selon l'une des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisé en ce que la variation du bras de levier sur l'épaisseur et/ou la forme du moyen de traction (5, 6), est fixée en particulier par des maillons d'une chaíne de traction de longueurs différentes.
EP99105904A 1998-07-14 1999-03-24 Ferme-porte à dimensions réduites Expired - Lifetime EP0972902B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19831393 1998-07-14
DE19831393.4A DE19831393B4 (de) 1998-07-14 1998-07-14 Türschließer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0972902A1 EP0972902A1 (fr) 2000-01-19
EP0972902B1 true EP0972902B1 (fr) 2004-07-28

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99105904A Expired - Lifetime EP0972902B1 (fr) 1998-07-14 1999-03-24 Ferme-porte à dimensions réduites

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US6434788B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0972902B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19831393B4 (fr)

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CN109634366B (zh) * 2019-01-02 2021-05-11 王涵 笔记本电脑

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US8564235B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2013-10-22 Yale Security Inc. Self-adjusting door closer
US8547046B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2013-10-01 Yale Security Inc. Door closer with self-powered control unit
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US10947764B2 (en) * 2017-09-08 2021-03-16 Schlage Lock Compaq, y LLC Door closer diagnostics system

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US5651162A (en) * 1996-01-04 1997-07-29 Keszthelyi; Laszlo Hydraulic door control system
DE19620382A1 (de) * 1996-05-21 1997-11-27 Eco Schulte Gmbh & Co Kg Türschließer

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8225458B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2012-07-24 Hoffberg Steven M Intelligent door restraint
US9045927B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2015-06-02 Steven M. Hoffberg Intelligent door restraint
US9121217B1 (en) 2001-07-13 2015-09-01 Steven M. Hoffberg Intelligent door restraint
CN109634366B (zh) * 2019-01-02 2021-05-11 王涵 笔记本电脑

Also Published As

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DE19831393A1 (de) 2000-01-20
EP0972902A1 (fr) 2000-01-19
US6434788B1 (en) 2002-08-20
DE19831393B4 (de) 2016-12-08

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