Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
  • C01B21/20—Nitrogen oxides; Oxyacids of nitrogen; Salts thereof
  • C01B21/22—Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/34—Manganese
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
  • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
  • Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)

Definitions

• the present invention describes catalysts to be used for nitrous oxide production by ammonia oxidation with molecular oxygen in chemical industry. Along with a high activity, understood as conversion at a definite residence time, catalysts for ammonia oxidation to produce nitrous oxide should also meet the following demands:
• the selectivity towards NO and NO is 0.9%.
• the yields of nitrous oxide and NO+NO 2 are 79 and 3.1% respectively.
• ammonia concentration decreases to 3.02 vol.%, the selectivity towards nitrous oxide falls to 65%. Therefore, beside a low activity in ammonia oxidation by the oxygen excess, the catalyst shows a high selectivity towards nitrogen oxides.
• Another catalyst for ammonia oxidation consists of the oxides of iron, bismuth and manganese in the following ratio: 79.45% Fe 2 O 3 , 11.53% Bi 2 O 3 , 7.21% MnO 2 [2].
• the maximum yield of nitrous oxide in the said catalyst is 82%, and it is attained under the following conditions: temperature - 350°C; inlet concentrations: ammonia - 10 vol.%, oxygen - 90 vol%.
• the selectivity towards nitrogen oxide is 6%.
• the selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 79% and 1.5% respectively. Therefore, the catalyst does not meet all demands in concern, because it has a low selectivity towards nitrous oxide at a high selectivity towards nitrogen oxide.
• Catalyst with a composition of 5% MnO 2 , 5% Bi 2 O 3 , 90% Fe 2 O 3 [3] is most close in performance and properties to the catalyst claimed in the present invention. It shows the following results.
• the maximum nitrous oxide yield is 87%, when reaction mixture containing 10% of ammonia in air (thus in oxygen excess, concentration 18.9 vol.%). If 5 reaction mixture contains 1 ammonia part, 5 air parts, and 5 nitrogen parts, and so it is close to stoichiometry (9.1 vol.% ammonia and 9.55 vol.% oxygen), then the yield of nitrous oxide is 81 %.
• the residence time for complete conversion is 3.6 s. Therefore, the catalyst has a low activity and not high enough selectivity towards nitrous oxide under conditions, when reaction mixture contains ammonia and oxygen in amounts close to 10 stoichiometry.
• the present invention aims at providing catalysts that are highly active under conditions, when reaction mixture contains oxygen in amount close or below the stoichiometry one, showing a high selectivity towards nitrous oxide, and a low selectivity towards nitrogen oxide.
• ⁇ 5 For the purpose the claimed catalysts for the nitrous oxide production by ammonia oxidation have the following composition (mass.%):
• MnO 2 manganese oxide
• the catalysts of the said composition are prepared by impregnating alumina with a solution of Mn and Bi nitrates, or by mixing the powders of Mn and Bi oxides with the powder of aluminum hydroxide to be then molded, or depositing the said components on an inert support. At the final stage the catalysts are dried, and calcined at 375-550°C.
• catalysts show a high activity, when the oxygen content in the reaction mixture is s close or lower the stoichiometry one, and exhibit a high selectivity towards nitrous oxide, and a low selectivity towards nitrogen oxide.
• ammonia conversion on the said catalysts is 82-99.2%.
• the selectivity towards nitrous and nitrogen oxides is 82-84.6 and 2.1 - 2.7% respectively.
• the final product contains 79.6-81.7% of nitrous oxide, 4.1-5.25% of nitrogen oxide, and 0.82-0.84% of oxygen.
• ammonia conversion on the said s catalysts is 82.5-99.0%.
• the selectivity towards nitrous and nitrogen oxides is 83-86 and 0.3- 0.35% respectively.
• After water and ammonia separation the final product contains 82.2- 84.9% of nitrous oxide, 0.6-0.69%) of nitrogen oxide, and 0.75-0.77% of oxygen.
• the high activity and selectivity of the claimed catalysts in ammonia oxidation to nitrous oxide is provided by its components at the said percent ratios.
• Catalyst specific surface area also has a positive effect. The tests show that at a stable high activity the catalyst shows the highest selectivity, when its specific surface area ranges within 5-80 m2/g.
• Example 1 Catalyst with a composition of 13%MnO 2 /l 1 %Bi 2 O 3 /76%Al 2 O 3 is prepared as follows. 100 g of alumina granules are impregnated by incipient wetness with a s solution of Mn and Bi nitrates, are dried in air and then in a drying chamber at 130°C for 2-4 h. Thus obtained product is once again impregnated with a solution of Mn and Bi nitrates, dried in air and in the drying chamber at 130°C for 4 hours. Then the granules were calcined in a furnace at 375-550°C for 2-4 h.
• reaction mixture composition being 9%NH 3 and 9%O 2 .
• reaction mixture composition being 9%NH 3 and 9%O 2 .
• reaction mixture composition being 9%NH 3 and 9%O 2 .
• reaction mixture composition being 9%NH 3 and 9%O 2 .
• At 350°C and at a residence time of 0.7 s ammonia conversion is 99.2%.
• Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 87 and 2.8% respectively.
• At 300°C at the same gas composition and at a contact time of 1.6 s ammonia conversion is 99.4%.
• Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 88.6 and 0.30% respectively.
• Ssp is 10 m2/g.
• Example 2 Catalyst prepared as in example 1 is tested at ammonia to oxygen ratio equal to 1.44 and ammonia concentration equal to 7.3 vol.% in the reaction mixture.
• nitrous oxide ratio to oxygen 110, while nitrous oxide to nitrogen oxide ratio is 121.
• the final product (after ammonia and water separation) contains 85.2% of nitrous oxide, 0.7% of nitrogen oxide, and 0.78% of oxygen.
• Example 3 Catalyst with a composition of 5%MnO 2 /5%Bi 2 O 3 /Fe 2 O 3 is prepared as described in [3] and tested under the following conditions: reaction mixture composition - 0.75%NH 3 , 1.5%O 2 ; residence time - 0.072 s, temperature - 350-300°C. At 350°C ammonia conversion is 73%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 76.9 and 3.9% respectively. At 300°C ammonia conversion is 35%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 68 and 1.4% respectively. Ssp is 4 m2/g.
• Example 4 Catalyst with a composition of 15%MnO 2 /15%Bi 2 O 3 /70%Al 2 O 3 is prepared as in example 1 and tested as in example 2. At 300°C ammonia conversion is 38%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 79 and 1.4% respectively. Ssp is 11 m2/g.
• Example 5 Catalyst with a composition of 13%MnO 2 /l 1 %Bi 2 O 3 /76%Al 2 O 3 is prepared as in example 1 and tested as in example 2. At 350°C ammonia conversion is 76%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 76% and 3.8% respectively. At 300°C ammonia conversion is 39%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 83 and 1.3% respectively.
• Example 6 Catalyst with a composition of 15%MnO 2 /7,5%Bi 2 O 3 /77.5%Al 2 O 3 is prepared as in example 1 and tested as in example 2. At 350°C ammonia conversion is 93.2%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 78.7% and 3.9% respectively. At 300°C ammonia conversion is 58.7%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 80 and 1.2% respectively. Ssp is 11 m2/g.
• Example 7 Catalyst with a composition of 10%MnO 2 /5%Bi 2 O 3 /85%Al 2 O 3 is prepared as in example 1 and tested as in example 2. At 350°C ammonia conversion is 92.5%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 80% and 3.7% respectively. At 300°C ammonia conversion is 62.4%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 77 and 1.3% respectively. Ssp is 11 m2/g.
• Example 8 Catalyst with a composition of 16%MnO 2 /16%Bi 2 O 3 /68%Al 2 O 3 is s prepared as in example 1 and tested as in example 2. At 350°C ammonia conversion is 73%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 78.8% and 3.9% respectively. At 300°C ammonia conversion is 37%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 37 and 1.4% respectively. Ssp is 39 m2/g.
• Example 9 Catalyst with a composition of 5%MnO 2 /4.5%Bi 2 O 3 /90.5%Al 2 O 3 is 0 prepared as follows. 100 g of alumina granules are impregnated by a solution of Mn and Bi nitrates, dried in air and in the drying chamber at 120-130°C for 4 h. The obtained product was calcined in the furnace in air at 375-550°C for 2-4 h. Thus obtained catalyst was tested as in example 2. At 350°C ammonia conversion is 79%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 76% and 3.6% respectively. At 300°C ammonia conversion is 40%. s Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 80 and 1.3% respectively. Ssp is 5 m2/g.
• Example 10 Catalyst with a composition of 35%MnO 2 /30%Bi 2 O 3 /35%Al 2 O 3 prepared mixing a mass containing 52 g of Mn oxide and Bi oxide powders and 35 g of aluminum hydroxide powder with 25 cm of water to obtain a moldable paste. Then the paste 0 was molded as cylinder granules 3 mm in diameter, dried at room temperature for 10 h, dried in the chamber at 120°C for 2 h, and calcined in the furnace at 375-550°C for 2-4 h. Thus obtained catalyst was tested as in example 2. At 350°C ammonia conversion is 77%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 78% and 3.1% respectively. At 300°C ammonia conversion is 39%. Selectivity towards nitrous oxide and nitrogen oxide is 74 and 1.1%) respectively. Ssp is 80 m /g. References:

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• 1996
  • 1996-12-10 RU RU96123343A patent/RU2102135C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1997
  • 1997-11-12 CA CA002274760A patent/CA2274760A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-11-12 JP JP52667198A patent/JP2001505817A/ja active Pending
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