EP0912262A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verflüssigung von sedimenten aus verdicktem rohöl - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verflüssigung von sedimenten aus verdicktem rohölInfo
- Publication number
- EP0912262A1 EP0912262A1 EP97916292A EP97916292A EP0912262A1 EP 0912262 A1 EP0912262 A1 EP 0912262A1 EP 97916292 A EP97916292 A EP 97916292A EP 97916292 A EP97916292 A EP 97916292A EP 0912262 A1 EP0912262 A1 EP 0912262A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- nozzles
- flow
- sediment
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
- B08B9/093—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays
- B08B9/0933—Removing sludge or the like from tank bottoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
- B01F25/21—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the first independent method claim and an apparatus for performing the method.
- the method and device serve to recover crude oil bound in thickened crude oil or from its muddy to compact sediments in containers in which crude oil is stored and / or transported.
- the crude oil extracted from the ground in the extraction of crude oil is initially stored without any further treatment in storage containers, the crude oil tanks with a large capacity and kept ready for distribution.
- the service life of the oil in such containers is usually long enough that considerable sedimentation can form, especially in extreme climatic conditions.
- the rate of sediment formation and the formation and composition of the sediments can vary greatly depending on the provenance of the oil. If such containers are partially emptied and refilled several times without the sediments being removed, a sediment layer with a thickness of up to 1.5 m and more can form.
- the amounts contained in such a sediment layer of crude oil is considerable, since it contains largely from thickened oil and higher molecular substances such as asphalt, paraffins or waxes.
- the sediments can also be formed from lighter crude oil portions by thickening under the influence of heat.
- the sediments often have a gelatinous consistency and represent nothing other than a heavy crude oil fraction, the components of which are largely miscible with or largely soluble in crude oil or lighter crude oil fractions.
- the sediments also contain foreign bodies in the form of stones or metal pieces, for example, mostly in the form of rust.
- the sediments described above in the crude oil containers meant an undesirable material which, with periodic cleaning of the containers, is still removed from the containers with appropriate cleaning media, mostly with aqueous solutions of detergents, and is more or less sensibly deposited or destroyed has been.
- EP-160805 a method has been described with which such sediments are brought into a reusable form in crude oil tanks or similar storage or transport containers.
- crude oil is injected into the sediment by rotating nozzle heads which are introduced into the sediment.
- the sediment is swirled and divided with the liquid over a large area and set in motion and at least partially dissolved. It proves to be advantageous to match the activity of the individual nozzle heads to one another in such a way that the vortices generated by each nozzle head interact by counter-rotating to form flows.
- the method according to the invention essentially consists in introducing a large number of spatially fixedly aligned liquid jets into and directly above the sediment with hydrodynamic energy in such a way that the liquid introduced has a substantially horizontal shape Trains electricity.
- the aim is to form a specific flow or flows in the ensemble of liquid jets.
- a closed flow for example, behaves in a container with a circular floor plan as if it were being driven by a gigantic agitator, which is caused by the large number of specially arranged and aligned lances with a fixed nozzle orientation.
- the boundary of the flowing liquid layer towards the top should remain undisturbed as far as possible and its boundary towards the bottom, ie the boundary between the flowing liquid and sediment, should be designed in such a way that the flow has an increased erosive effect.
- the aim of the process is to only generate directed mass flows where they are necessary for the dissolution of the sediment.
- the aim is essentially only to set a certain layer, namely the area above the sediment layer, to flow. It is not necessary to set the fluid mass above this flowing layer in motion. Because of the internal friction in the fluid, this cannot be avoided entirely, but this additional energy input is kept low.
- the process according to the invention consumes less process energy than the known process and is easier to carry out.
- the device to be created for carrying out the method according to the invention is much simpler and easier to operate than the corresponding device for the known method, and in particular it is easier to adapt and assemble to the containers to be treated.
- the means for this are very simplified, inexpensive to produce, easy to assemble, robust, non-susceptible and practically maintenance-free lances.
- the liquid immediately above the sediment differs from the crude oil above the sediment at least in that its concentration of substances from the sedimentation is lower.
- the essential constituents of the liquid used are the same as the essential constituents of the liquid stored and / or transported in the container to be treated, in such a way that the liquid can be mixed with the stored liquid and / or fed to the same further processing without hesitation after absorption of the sediment substances.
- the method according to the invention makes use of the finding that by appropriately supplying flow energy (hydrodynamic energy) it is possible to set an area or a layer in flow motion in stationary liquids, whereby between the flowing layer and above or layers lying below, stationary or flowing at a different speed form a kind of shear surfaces.
- flow energy hydrodynamic energy
- the liquid to be introduced is injected into the standing liquid at a substantially tangential direction and at a predetermined speed relative to the flow axis, for which purpose stationary injection nozzles oriented in a fixed direction are used, through which the liquid under pressure is pressed.
- the liquid which is more suitable for liquefaction is injected from the layer above the circuit current layer into the circuit current layer, a certain mass flow arises from the circuit flow layer in the area delimited by the shear surface at the shear surface, or else the circuit current layer becomes a corresponding amount of ruid, namely the amount of the injected liquid continuously removed. In this way the continuity condition for the circular current layer is observed.
- the injectors can point downward at a flat angle such that the liquid introduced is slightly against the sediment surface, ie is not injected completely horizontally, which favors a local flow component in the vertical direction.
- An exemplary embodiment of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention essentially consists of a plurality of hollow lances guiding the crude oil to be injected, which can be introduced into the container to be treated in a substantially vertical direction, also through the sediment, preferably as far as possible the bottom of the container.
- the end region of each lance directed against the container bottom has at least one nozzle arranged on the side of the lance, but preferably there are several nozzles arranged one above the other at a distance, and its other end, which protrudes from the container at the top, can be connected to a feed line which supply line can be supplied with liquid under pressure.
- the nozzles are arranged on the lances in such a way that they point essentially in a common direction.
- two rows of nozzles standing at a radial angle to one another along the tube axis can be arranged.
- the lances are positioned in such a way that some of the nozzles are positioned above the sediment surface and some of the nozzles are positioned in the sediment. This is realized, for example, with lances which have rows of nozzles lying one above the other, the length of the rows of nozzles advantageously being so great that they can also protrude from powerful sediment layers.
- the lances are positioned over the base of the container, positioned essentially vertically in the container, in such a way that the end regions of the lances provided with the nozzles extend as far as possible to the bottom of the container, that is to say are also introduced into the sediment layer. All lances are aligned in such a way that the spray directions of all nozzles, for example, are relative to a predetermined flow center (or to another central area) have tangential components aligned in the same flow direction. For cylindrical containers, the flow center is advantageously aligned with the container axis.
- the nozzles When the lances are positioned, the nozzles are aligned and the lances are connected to the delivery system, liquid is pressed into the lances and injected into the container through the nozzles. In an initial phase, the liquid will primarily emerge from nozzles that lie above the sediment surface in the supernatant liquid, since the sediment opposes the exit from the other nozzles with a much higher resistance than the liquid above it. Due to the alignment of the nozzles described above, an essentially horizontal liquid flow arises after some time above the sediment, for example in the form of a flowing liquid layer, which mainly consists of newly supplied liquid. This liquid flow interacts with the sediment surface and erodes it, whereby the sediment surface sinks and more and more nozzles lying directly on the sediment surface enter the general liquid flow.
- the newly generated liquid is transported into the area of a plurality of nozzles arranged in the flow direction (downstream) by the generated current, which gradually forms a circular flow, where it accumulates with the sediment materials to be liquefied, and then it is supplied by further Liquid displaced upwards.
- the sediment can be broken down to the bottom of the container in this way. Heavy, insoluble sediment components such as stones, metal parts, rust or the like will hardly leave the bottom area due to the low but unavoidable turbulence and can be removed from the container in a separate operation.
- FIG. 1 shows the principle of a moving circular current layer with adjacent shear surfaces in a cylindrical liquid container
- FIG. 2 shows the principle of generating a circuit current layer
- FIG. 3 shows a basic illustration of the generation of a circuit current layer in the lower part of a cylindrical tank with the aid of the immersion lances according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows the alignment principle for the nozzles for generating flows
- Figures 5, 7 and 8 three exemplary arrangements of lances in containers with different floor plans
- Figure 6 shows the principle of taking over flows through successively connected pairs of nozzles.
- FIG. 9 shows the generation of a circulating current over a sediment layer
- FIG. 10 the injection of liquid into the sediment layer
- FIG. 11 shows a preferred embodiment of the lances based on a longitudinal section through a crude oil tank and through a lance system
- Figure 12 shows an embodiment of a nozzle movable in two axes
- FIG. 13 shows a section through a lance with two rows of nozzles which act in different directions;
- Figure 14 shows an embodiment of a nozzle system which is rotatable about an axis;
- FIG. 15 shows an inexpensive, robust, simple embodiment of a lower side of the lance with a row of nozzles, the nozzles being movable in one axis;
- FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of a lance, which partly consists of a flexible hose
- FIG. 17 embodiments of nozzles which can be locked or closed if desired
- FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of lances with a primary and a secondary row of nozzles which make it possible to produce more pronounced shear surfaces
- FIG. 19 schematically shows a possible principle that supports the desired flow shape with the aid of suction points
- Figure 20 shows in a three-dimensional diagram simplified i.e. idealized how the method according to the invention proceeds.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the idealized principle of a circularly driven liquid layer based on a drawing of a cylindrical vessel 1 with a central axis 34 as the center of flow, in which vessel 1 a fluid 2 is contained.
- the Ruid 2 is here divided into 3 layers.
- Layers 6.1 and 6.2 are layers with fluid 2 resting relative to vessel 1. Between these two resting layers there is a layer 5 in which the ruid is in motion. The direction of movement of the layer is shown by arrow 35.
- the layer 5 moves essentially in a circle, ie there is a circular current in the layer 5 around the central axis 34 of the vessel 1 as a center of movement.
- the circulating current is a current without turbulence and turbulence.
- the flow field within the layer is homogeneous and consists exclusively of horizontal movement components.
- FIG. 1 describes an idealized system in which the friction on the shear surfaces has been neglected.
- the most pronounced shear surfaces are in fact characterized in that shear stresses are built up in them because of the horizontal relative movement of the adjacent fluid layers and the friction within the fluid.
- the layer 6, at least the lowest part of the layer adjacent to the shear surface, which ideally rests relative to the vessel 1, can move easily.
- these secondary effects are neglected in the following.
- the means which introduce the required energy into the layer 5 to be moved are not shown in FIG. But for the time being, it is not a question of a specific embodiment, but rather of demonstrating the principle of the circuit current layer in a descriptive manner. Since the circular flow layer 5 has little swirling, ie essentially horizontal components running tangentially to the outer wall of the vessel, the energy requirement for generating and maintaining such a flow is low. The flow has a small internal energy loss because the ruid mass in the layer 5 moves uniformly and without vortex formation relative to the vessel 1.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the principle of supplying energy to the circuit current layer 5, which is also idealized here.
- the thickness of the circuit current layer 5 is essentially determined by the arrangement of the means, hereinafter referred to as movement energy sources 7, which introduce kinetic energy into the fluid.
- These kinetic energy sources 7 are shown in the figure as points from which a directed liquid jet or a directed liquid acceleration emanates.
- the direction arrows 36 indicate the direction in which the ruid is accelerated or moved by the kinetic energy sources 7.
- Various means can be used as kinetic energy sources 7. Here it is nozzles that inject Ruid or elements that introduce kinetic energy into layer 5 in the sense of FIG.
- the present invention is concerned with the supply of energy into the liquid by injecting liquid from the dormant layers 6.1 and 6.2 or, preferably, from the circuit current layer itself, which is pressed through the nozzles by means of a pump. This method is described in detail in FIG.
- the orientation of the circular current layer 5 is essentially influenced by the orientation of the kinetic energy sources 7. This orientation is visualized in the figure by the directional arrows 36. In FIG. 2, these plows are directed in such a way that, viewed from above the vessel, a circular current flows in a counterclockwise direction.
- the directional arrows essentially point in the direction of flow, namely tangentially to the outer wall of the vessel.
- the extent of the circular flow layer 5 in the longitudinal direction of the vessel 1 essentially depends on the extent of the kinetic energy sources 7 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 34 of the vessel, which is also the flow center of the circular stream 5.
- the kinetic energy sources 7 are distributed as regularly as possible over the height, over the radius and over the circumference of the circular current layer 5 to be generated.
- the kinetic energy sources 7 are arranged in five groups of rows one above the other at the same distance from one another. The arrangement in the figure shows only the principle of the arrangement of these kinetic energy sources 7. Optimal arrangements are discussed in detail in some of the following figures.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the inventive
- FIG. 3 several lances 10 are arranged uniformly on a concentric circle to the tank surface.
- the lances 10 are aligned such that the axis of the nozzles 11 are directed essentially tangentially to the surface of the tank jacket.
- the openings of the nozzles 11 are directed in the direction of movement of the circular flow.
- the ends of the lances protruding from the tank can be connected to a supply system, which is shown schematically in FIG. 3 by supply lines 20, an adapter 29, a pump 26 and a suction point in the area of the moving circuit flow layer 5. It is thus possible to suck off liquid from the circular flow layer and to pump it into the individual lances 10 with the aid of the pump 26, where it can be injected again into the moving layer 5 through the nozzles 11.
- the ruid 2 which is pumped through a nozzle, generates a liquid jet, which is represented by the directional arrow 36 in the drawing. If the lances 10 are introduced into the ruid 2 in the arrangement and orientation as described above, the injection of the liquid causes movement. introduced into the layer 5 in such a way that essentially a circulating current described in FIG. 1, which remains stationary at a constant pump power after some time, occurs, with the difference that the lower unmoving layer 6.2 of FIG. 1 is arranged by arranging the lances according to FIG. 3, can not train. With the device described in FIG. 3, a stationary, circularly moving layer 5 is formed, which is initially located in the tank.
- the arrangement and number of lances 10 shown in FIG. 3 shows only the principle of the device according to the invention for producing a circular flow layer.
- Crude oil tanks have a diameter between approx. 30 and 100m. It goes without saying that with such dimensions, much more lances have to be used to produce a circuit current layer, but also how essential an energy-saving pumping is once one has to process such enormous quantities of Ruid.
- Figure 4 shows schematically the alignment principle for the nozzles.
- the figure shows a lance 10 with a nozzle 11, a predetermined flow center 34 and a horizontal circle 32 around the flow center, the nozzle opening lying on this circle.
- the circle 32 is an example of a flow line of a horizontal, self-contained flow, namely a circular flow around the flow center 34.
- the direction of ejection through the nozzle which is drawn somewhat exaggerated here, is denoted by the vector R, which is generally vertical Component Ry, a horizontal, tangential component R, (parallel to the flow line) and a horizontal radial component R r (perpendicular to the flow line) can be divided.
- the requirements for the alignment of the nozzle for carrying out the method according to the invention are now as follows:
- the vector R optionally has a vertical component R "or an orthogonally directed downward.
- the vector R has a horizontal, tangential component R t , the components of all nozzles in the system having the same direction of rotation with respect to the flow center.
- the vector R can have a horizontal, radial component R r . This is shorter than the horizontal, tangential component R “that is, the angle between the tangent to circle 7 and the horizontal projection of R is at most 45 °.
- FIG. 5 shows a top view of a container with a circular floor plan or bottom and a flow center 34 running perpendicularly through its center.
- the curved flow lines look like straight lines on smaller sections and that in this representation of a container with a radius of a few centimeters, the directional arrows look exaggerated. However, they correspond approximately to twice the spray width of the nozzles, so that one can well imagine the successive flow formation.
- Lances 10 arranged. Also shown are the spray directions through nozzles arranged on these lances or the horizontal components R n of which are all arranged tangentially and counterclockwise (no component R r ).
- the nozzles shown can be individual nozzles attached to each lance, which are then advantageously arranged at different heights, or they can be vertical rows of nozzles aligned in the same way as are shown in FIG. 3.
- the nozzles can also be directed ⁇ downwards at the same or at different angles. It may be sufficient to arrange nozzles only in the outer third of the radius, so that a closed flow first forms in the vicinity of the container wall, which gradually expands inwards.
- the nozzles can be aligned radially instead of tangentially, so that the flows forming between the nozzles meet radially in the center.
- FIG. 6 shows the possibility of generating a pronounced flow of liquid with the aid of the method according to the invention with 'steady' lances 10.
- the lower part with the nozzle arrangement of four lances 10.1, 10.2, 10.3 and 10.4 is shown schematically.
- the nozzles 11 arranged one above the other, which rows of nozzles are located from the end of the lances 10 facing the tank bottom, are shown schematically in a ring in the figure.
- the liquid squeezed out of the nozzles and their direction of liquid guiding rays are represented by the directional arrows 36. It goes without saying that when the nozzle is sprayed out, a pointed cone 31 corresponding to the shape of the nozzle is formed with a larger or smaller opening angle, as is indicated in FIG. 6 on one of the nozzles.
- the Ruid rays indicated by the directional arrows 36 thus relate to the cone axes with an actual ejection effect in the form of a slender funnel.
- the direction arrows 36 of two adjacent lances (10.1 and 10.2 or 10.3 and 10.4) not only have a component in the direction of the main flow 37, but they also have a component pointing towards the main flow direction.
- the sprayed-out liquid of the lance 10.1 thus hits the liquid jets of the lance 10.2 in the area of the main flow and accelerates the ruid in the area of the main flow. This supply of energy naturally decays after a certain distance covered by Ruid.
- a further pair of lances 10.3 and 10.4 is brought into the fluid in the same way as the lances 10.1 and 10.2, so that the desired main stream 37 is maintained or depending on the distance between the lance pairs can even be accelerated to each other.
- the course of the main flow 37 is then influenced by the geometric arrangement of the pairs of lances (10.1 and 102 or 10.3 and 10.4) and by the pressure of the injected liquid. In this way, currents can be generated in a tank with a circular or other shape.
- FIG. 7 shows a further plan view of the plan view of a container in which lances 10 with nozzles are arranged essentially on four flow lines (flow lines shown in broken lines) of the stream to be generated.
- the nozzles of the lances of two adjacent flow lines are slightly aligned with each other (with opposite, radial component as in FIG. 4), so that a main flow can develop between the flow lines of a pair of lances.
- FIG. 8 shows a top view of a container which has no circular but an oval outline, in which vertically standing lances 10 with nozzles are arranged. So that the self-contained liquid flow to be generated by injecting liquid through the nozzles arranged on the lances flows as far as possible over the entire floor plan, it is not arranged around a flow center but rather around a "rotation surface" 34.
- the lances are essentially arranged on inner flow lines S j and on outer flow lines S a of this liquid flow, and the nozzles are oriented such that the corresponding spraying directions have a horizontal, tangential component R, and a horizontal, radial component R r , the radial component R r of the nozzles on the inner flow line S j towards the outside, the radial components R j . of the lances on the outer flow lines S a are directed inwards.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of a crude oil tank 1 with a sediment layer 3 on the bottom of the tank 1.
- the figure shows a variant of the method and the device according to the invention for the liquefaction of crude oil sediments.
- the lances 10 (only one lance is shown in FIG. 9, for example) have only one or a small number of nozzles 11 or a short, dense row of nozzles at one end and are not introduced into the sediment layer, but only extend to just above it Surface.
- the circuit current layer 5 thus sweeps over the sediment surface and erodes it and gradually dissolves it.
- the lances 10 are lowered step by step until they reach the ground, which can be achieved, for example, in a crude oil tank with a floating roof by correspondingly lowering the liquid level (pumping out crude oil).
- the injected ruid can be crude oil from the upper part of the circulation layer 5, fresh liquid or crude oil from the upper resting layer 6.
- FIG. 10 shows, on the basis of a schematic section through part of a crude oil tank 1, a further variant of the method and device according to the invention for the liquefaction of crude oil sediments.
- Two lances 10 are shown with a row of nozzles consisting of at least one nozzle 11, which is located on the the bottom of the lance 10 facing the bottom of the crude oil tank 1.
- the lance feed lines 20, the pump 26 and the suction point 21 are also shown schematically.
- the lances 10 are e.g. in the stilt openings on the floating roof 4 and are let down through the sediment layer 3 to the bottom of the tank 1 and fixed in this position. It does not need to be specifically mentioned here that a large amount of such lances are used in the real, enormous large crude oil tanks.
- the injected liquid (here crude oil from the upper layers of the tank 1) is pressed through the nozzles 11 into the thickened crude oil layer, which gradually dissolves on contact with crude oil from the upper region of the tank 1.
- individual nozzles 11 and, over time, more and more parts of the nozzle rows protrude beyond the remaining sediment layer 3 and generate a circular flow layer directly above the sediment layer, which accelerates the degradation of the sediments 3 even further.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention on the basis of a sectional drawing through a crude oil tank 1 with a floating roof 4, here stylized, in which tank 1 crude oil 2 is stored above a sediment layer 3.
- the tank 1 is equipped with a number and arrangement of lances 10, as required by the method according to the invention for producing a circular current layer above the sediment layer 3.
- lances 10 are shown schematically in FIG. These lances extend through the liquid layer 2 and the sediment layer 3 to the area of the tank bottom.
- the lances 10 have rows of nozzles 11 arranged one above the other, which nozzles extend from the end of the lances 10 facing the tank bottom to the sediment layer into the liquid layer.
- the lances are aligned in such a way that they generate a circular flow layer 5 described in FIG. 3 above the sediment layer 3.
- the other ends of the lances 10 protruding from the container are connected to a feed system which is shown schematically in the figure by a feed line 20, a distributor 29, a pump 26 and a suction point 21.
- a three-way valve 27 can be provided between the suction point 20 and the pump 26 and can be brought into a position via which fresh oil can be introduced through the lances through a fresh liquid supply 38.
- tanks of this type do not have a suction point on the container wall, so this could be achieved, for example, with an immersion pipe.
- the drawn suction point is only intended to illustrate how, for the balance of mass, crude oil from the driven layer (the circular flow layer) is injected back.
- crude oil tanks often have floating roofs that float on the surface of the liquid and whose distance from the tank bottom varies with the liquid level. So that such a floating roof 4 cannot sink completely onto the tank bottom, it is provided with stilts on which the roof is supported when the liquid level drops below a minimum which essentially corresponds to the stilts height. It is advantageous to insert and position these lances 10 through the openings for these stilts.
- a major advantage of the device according to the invention is that it can be easily adapted to the openings for these stilts, which are not the same size in different countries, with the aid of a tube adapter 22 adapted to the respective standard.
- the process-oriented alignment of the nozzle direction or exit direction of the liquid jets of the lances can be done in a variety of ways.
- this alignment is carried out, for example, by aligning a fixed mark M on the tube adapter 22 on an angle scale 25 which is invariant to the floating roof.
- the alignment for the entire ensemble of the lances can be optimized in a computer simulation.
- the lances are then individually aligned and fixed in accordance with the calculated plan.
- the adapter tube has a slot S which is essentially adapted to the length of the row of nozzles, so that the ruid can still emerge unhindered from the nozzles when the row of nozzles overlap with the adapter tube.
- a possible guidance between the adapter tube 22 and the lance 10 is shown in FIG. 11 by the guide element 13.
- the lance adapter 23 forms the transition member between the tube adapters 22 of different sizes, depending on the applicable standardization, and the lance 10, which can always be of the same size in diameter, regardless of the respective standardization for the stilt openings. This is a further point as to why this device can be produced comparatively very cheaply.
- the lance can move relative to the adapter tube 22 along its longitudinal direction. Fluctuations in the liquid level of the tank 1 do not lead to a displacement of the lances 10 or the rows of nozzles attached to these lances 10 relative to the tank 1 and the sediment layer 3 lying on the tank bottom.
- the lance system adapts in this simplest way to liquid level fluctuations in the tank 1 on. There is no need for complex readjustments, which in turn makes this process very easy to maintain in the simplest way.
- the lances 10 are guided axially through the elements 23 and the nozzles 11 attached in the lower region of the lances 10 can be moved from here weight elements 12 attached in the upper region of the lance are always held in the region of the tank bottom.
- the mass of the weight elements 12 is adapted to the mass of the lance 10 and selected so that the lance 10 can easily penetrate the sediment layer 3 or that the lower ends of the lances 10 also lower or increase the liquid level in the tank 1 in the area of the tank bottom remain.
- FIG. 12 shows a section through a possible embodiment of a lance 10, the nozzle 11 attached to it and through the pipe adapter 22.
- the embodiment of the nozzle 11 permits adjustment of the nozzle by means of a ball joint. It is possible here to influence the direction of the liquid jet 36 to a certain extent.
- a pipe with an external thread and a ball socket 25 is attached to the lance tube 10.
- the actual spherical nozzle 50 sits in said ball socket and is held in position by means of the union nut 51. It is advantageous if the dimensions of the lance nozzle system do not exceed the internal dimensions of the pipe adapter. It is thus possible at any time to pull the lances out of the pipe adapter.
- the elements shown in Figure 12 with a minimum of accuracy.
- the illustrated embodiment does not require any particularly tight tolerances except for the thread. It is therefore possible to use a very inexpensive production method with cheap material (e.g. St-37, GGT).
- the cross section of the lances need not necessarily be circular. It is quite conceivable that the cross section of the lance 10, as described in FIG. 15, can be square or can have any other tube shape, as will be shown further below.
- FIG. 13 shows a further embodiment of a lance nozzle system.
- This is a lance 10 with two rows of nozzles 11.1 and 11.2 pointing in different directions.
- the individual nozzles or at least one of the two in each row can of course, e.g. shown in Figure 12 adjustable, or as shown here rigidly executed.
- the construction method shown here can be easily put together with tolerances in the mm range using hooves from standard profiles.
- FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of a further lance nozzle system which allows the nozzles 11 to be adjusted about an adjustment axis 63.
- the body that contains the actual nozzle 11 is a shaft piece with a corresponding hole for the nozzle 11 and two laterally lying holes with an internal thread, which with the corresponding holes on the rectangular pipe piece 61, which is fastened to the lance, the adjustment axis 63 define
- the direction of the nozzles can be adjusted horizontally about the longitudinal axis of the lance via the mark M on the scale 25 and the direction of the nozzles vertically about the adjustment axis 63.
- FIGS. 15 A3, C show parts A and B assembles a further embodiment of a lance-nozzle system according to the same principle as described in FIG. 14.
- This embodiment has been simplified to the extent that the processing effort in the manufacture of the lances is as low as possible.
- the plates 71 and the sections 61 of the hollow beam are fastened to the U-profile with welding points 72, and the drilled nozzles 60 are screwed in.
- the foot piece of the lance is closed with a plate 71, the upper lance part is closed with a correspondingly long plate 71 as the side wall and the attachment elements for the liquid are mounted and the lance is ready.
- a gap 73 of a few mm between the disk nozzle 60 and the rectangular tube piece 61 is entirely permissible, because it does not significantly affect the general functioning of the lance.
- FIG 16 shows an exemplary embodiment of a lance 10, which consists of a relatively rigid construction containing the nozzles 11 and of a relatively flexible hose 81 which is connected to the fixed lance part 10 via a hose coupling 80.
- the fixed part with the rows of nozzles is shown in FIG Pipe adapter 22 with the aid of the lance adapter 23 and the guide element 13 leads.
- the adapter tube 22, which is adapted to the standard openings of the respective country, is slit over the entire length in order to enable the lance 10 to be retracted or extended from above at any time.
- FIGS. 17A and B show two embodiments of nozzles which can be closed or blocked so that a pronounced ruid jet can no longer emerge from the nozzle 11.
- FIG. 17A shows an embodiment with the principle as described for FIGS. 14 and 15.
- the disk nozzle 60 is fixed in a position in which a pronounced liquid jet can no longer form.
- the disk nozzle 60 in the position shown cannot, however, completely shut off the nozzle. Ren. A certain amount of fluid can still escape. Since the method according to the invention is not susceptible to such small disturbances, such an incomplete shut-off of a nozzle can be tolerated.
- nozzles can also be closed by other simple means.
- covers can be attached to the nozzle openings or, as shown in FIG. 17B, a tubular nozzle 55 can be sealed, for example with the aid of a cover in the form of a union nut cover 56.
- FIG. 18 schematically shows an embodiment of lances 10 with two rows of nozzles, which show nozzles 11.1 and 11.2 essentially in opposite directions.
- the primary rows of nozzles of the individual lances 10 with the nozzles 11.1 are arranged in such a way that they form a circular flow around the main axis 34 of the container in the lower layer 5.
- the secondary rows of nozzles of the lances 10 with the nozzles 11.2, which are located directly above the shear surface 5 and contain at least one nozzle 11.2, point essentially in the opposite direction of the primary rows of nozzles, i.e. the fluid sprayed through these nozzles 11.2 will move the liquid mass directly above the shear surface 30 and to support it in the direction opposite to the circular flow layer 5.
- These secondary rows of nozzles are usually much smaller, i.e. contain fewer nozzles than the primary rows of nozzles.
- FIG. 19 schematically shows the principle of an embodiment of lances with suction points 21. It is advantageous if suction parts for the system described are designed as dip tubes inserted through the roof of the tank. In order not to disturb the circulating flow, it can be advantageous to design several suction points in such a way that they even make a certain contribution to the formation and maintenance of the flow.
- the intake pipes can e.g. As drawn in the figure, similar to how the lances have suction openings 21 arranged one above the other, which are introduced into the circular flow layer in such a way that such rows of the suction openings are directed essentially downstream. By sucking in the liquid, it is accelerated or moved. By using such immersion tubes, directional kinetic energy can be introduced into the fluid, similarly as with the lances, and thus the efficiency of the entire system can be increased.
- FIG. 20 shows the method according to the invention for the degradation of a sediment layer in a crude oil tank qualitatively in diagram form.
- the bend serves for a better understanding of the procedure and is purely qualitative. The following simplifying assumptions are made:
- the circular current layer is an ideal friction-free flow, which results in an ideal shear surface.
- the liquid is circulated only in the circular flow layer, ie the ruid that is injected into the sediment layer and the circular flow layer comes from the upper area of the circular flow layer.
- the diagram is based on the embodiment variant and the type of execution of the method according to FIG. 11.
- the axes of the diagram are described as follows: t denotes the time axis, h describes the height above the tank bottom and k stands for the sediment concentration.
- the diagram contains three important areas. Firstly, the area 98, which describes the actual sediment layer, secondly, the area 97, which represents the conditions in the ideal circular flow layer, and thirdly, the area 96, which describes the resting layer above the circular flow layer.
- the surfaces 90 which is a horizontal surface and represent the sediment concentration k on the fluid surface, and the surfaces 91, which describe the sediment concentration k above the height of the resting layer up to the shear surface, remain constant, i.e. the courses do not change with time t.
- the horizontal surface 92 represents the sediment concentration in the shear surface.
- the corresponding height h is equal to the height of the shear surface above the tank bottom. It can be seen that the sediment concentration k changes with time in this layer. This depends on whether the tration k in the circulating current layer increases with time due to the dissolution of the sediment layer, which is also described by the area 93, which visualizes the concentration k in the circulating current layer above the height thereof.
- the horizontal surface 94 represents the concentration k in the sediment layer.
- the associated height h decreases over time and is equal to the average height of the sediment layer at the respective time t.
- the aim of the process is to dissolve the thickened sediment layer. This is achieved after a certain time t3 and the areas 94 and 95 disappear at this time.
- a mass balance is created in this moving layer, i.e. one can speak of a circulation process. If liquid is injected from the dormant layer lying above the circular flow layer through the lances and the rows of nozzles attached to it, then a corresponding amount of ruid does not have to be continuously removed again from the circular flow layer, a mass flow into the area above the circular flow layer, which mass flow forms a pronounced shear surface at the upper edge of the circular current layer.
- the circuit current layer For example, to make it as thin as possible by lifting and lowering the immersion tube to remove Ruid to be injected.
- the length of the nozzle rows of the lances 10 essentially corresponds to the thickness of the circular flow layer 5, and can be adapted to this minimum calculated thickness by using lances 10 with correspondingly long rows of nozzles.
- the individual nozzles 11 can be designed so that they can be closed, ie the means described above are provided which prevent the outflow of liquid through specifically selected nozzles 11. It is therefore possible that only a lower, to the desired thickness of the circulating current to be generated layer-adapted part of the nozzles 11 of a row of nozzles is active, and the corresponding upper part has closed or blocked nozzles 11.
- the position of the suction point 21 can be carried out with the aid of a height-adjustable immersion tube in the roof 4 of the tank 1 and can be adapted to the respective thickness of the circular flow layer 5.
- the lances have nozzles of different radial orientations, the orientation of each nozzle fulfilling the given conditions for flow formation.
- the lances can be built with branches.
- the nozzles are arranged on pressure hoses and the hoses for holding are inserted in guide tubes with slotted outlet windows for the nozzles. This enables slight diameter adjustments to the existing stilt openings, while the part carrying the nozzles can be kept in standard size. This also makes the production of the lances cheaper.
- the method is not used to remove the sediment but to prevent sedimentation by keeping the lances in existing stilts and periodically expelling liquid from them and temporarily building up the flow.
- the diagram in FIG. 20 describes a system with an ideal circular current layer, ie with a pronounced shear surface. It is of course clear that shear stresses are actually built up in the shear surface and are transmitted through the internal friction in the fluid into the "resting layers 6". In reality, a speed profile will also arise in the layers 6, ie the ruid masses referred to as the resting layers 6 will also move slightly. However, the model of the ideal circuit current layer is used as a basis in the discussion of this invention for better understanding and simplification.
- the device necessary for its implementation does not require any parts that move during operation under the liquid surface.
- the pump contains moving parts during operation. No precautions are required to rotate the lances during the process.
- the lances are very simple in construction and therefore inexpensive to manufacture and without great precision (tolerances in the mm range).
- the system can be made of cheap material, e.g. Steel-37 exist. Because of the simplicity of the construction, the lances according to the invention are much lighter in weight than turning lances and therefore easier to handle and less prone to mechanical damage, e.g. during assembly, transport or storage.
- the lances according to the invention are very easy to assemble, very easy to operate and do not require any special care.
- Another advantage is that you don't have to empty the tank. As soon as a larger sediment layer is found, the lances can be installed at a given liquid level and the flow can be generated. During this time, the tank remains fully operational, crude oil can still be added or removed. Due to the relatively light weight equipment and the possibility of using standardized, i.e. of many identical lances for different systems, the system is very adaptable, which is e.g. states that lances from different systems can be combined or exchanged. It is also very advantageous that the method can work well even without complicated and expensive control or regulation.
- the method according to the invention for recovering crude oil bound in thickened crude oil or from its muddy to compact sediments in containers in which crude oil is stored and / or transported, by treating the sediment with crude oil or refinery products as a solvent and at least partially is liquefied and redissolved, the solvent being pressed out of nozzles in order to form a flow which erodes the sediment and dissolves it to the extent that it is dissolvable, is essentially characterized in that a large number of targeted ones Liquid jets consisting of solvents are generated from fixed and correspondingly fixedly aligned nozzles, which jets are aligned such that the liquid jets drive the surrounding medium in sections in a common direction and set it in motion, and with it to a common flow unite.
- the device for carrying out the method essentially consists of a hollow body, a connection for introducing a liquid and has nozzles for the outlet of this liquid, through which the liquid can be ejected under pressure, a plurality of which are radially spaced over part of their length fixedly arranged nozzles are provided and that these nozzles can be aligned or aligned in such a way that they can be used to produce, at least some of them together, essentially parallel liquid jets.
- an arrangement of devices for carrying out the method in a container is such that a plurality of nozzles is positioned in pairs on a flow line of a flow line pair (S j / S a ) of the liquid stream to be generated or generated, and in that they are oriented in such a way that the horizontal, radial component (R r ) of the direction of injection of the nozzles on each of the two flow lines are directed at an acute angle to one another and between a pair of nozzles downstream, the liquid jets driving the surrounding medium in a common direction and can combine with this to form a common flow and that one or more pumps are connected to the lances and supply them with liquid, and that one or more immersion pipes for supplying the pump (s) with liquid are arranged in such a way that they the suction side into the protrude layer or that connections are provided for sucking in liquid outside the layer mentioned.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH112996 | 1996-05-03 | ||
CH112996 | 1996-05-03 | ||
CH175096 | 1996-07-11 | ||
CH175096 | 1996-07-11 | ||
PCT/CH1997/000152 WO1997041976A1 (de) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-04-17 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verflüssigung von sedimenten aus verdicktem rohöl |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0912262A1 true EP0912262A1 (de) | 1999-05-06 |
EP0912262B1 EP0912262B1 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
Family
ID=25686733
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97916292A Expired - Lifetime EP0912262B1 (de) | 1996-05-03 | 1997-04-17 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verflüssigung von sedimenten aus verdicktem rohöl |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6217207B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0912262B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE230638T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU727169B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2253554C (de) |
DE (1) | DE59709106D1 (de) |
EA (1) | EA000558B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2191836T3 (de) |
NO (1) | NO315359B1 (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ332416A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997041976A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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US20020105855A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2002-08-08 | Richard Behnke | Storage/treatment tank mixing system |
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CA2452384C (en) * | 2001-07-19 | 2010-01-19 | Lindenport S.A. | Distributing hydrokinetic energy in fluids |
US6821011B1 (en) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-11-23 | J. Mark Crump | Mixing system configured with surface mixing |
US20040226587A1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2004-11-18 | Michel Lemire | Sand removal system |
US20100061179A1 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2010-03-11 | Lendzion Steven T | Paint system |
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US20100271902A1 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2010-10-28 | Murphy Braden | Apparatus and method for premixing lost circulation material |
US20080062812A1 (en) * | 2006-03-16 | 2008-03-13 | Murphy Braden | Apparatus and method for premixing lost circulation material |
US8118477B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2012-02-21 | Landmark Structures I, L.P. | Apparatus for reservoir mixing in a municipal water supply system |
US20080047871A1 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-28 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Crude oil storage and tank maintenance |
JP5030520B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-29 | 2012-09-19 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 流体混合方法及びマイクロデバイス |
US7726870B1 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2010-06-01 | Vortex Systems (International) Ci | Method for mixing fluids with an eductor |
US8931948B2 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2015-01-13 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Process and apparatus for mixing a fluid within a vessel |
JP5606931B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-11 | 2014-10-15 | 太平電業株式会社 | 放射性スラッジ移送装置 |
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CN102895892B (zh) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-10-08 | 北京七星华创电子股份有限公司 | 化学液存储装置 |
US8852355B1 (en) | 2012-12-28 | 2014-10-07 | Joseph James McClelland | Elevated potable water tank and tower cleaning system |
CN103977721B (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-10-21 | 济钢集团有限公司 | 一种储槽内固液混合介质循环搅拌*** |
US10130977B1 (en) | 2015-08-31 | 2018-11-20 | Joseph James McClelland | Elevated potable water tank and tower rotary cleaning system |
RU2650122C1 (ru) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-04-09 | Александр Борисович Марушкин | Способ перемешивания нефти в вертикальных резервуарах |
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- 1997-04-17 AT AT97916292T patent/ATE230638T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-17 DE DE59709106T patent/DE59709106D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-17 ES ES97916292T patent/ES2191836T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-17 CA CA002253554A patent/CA2253554C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-17 US US09/180,155 patent/US6217207B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-17 EA EA199800972A patent/EA000558B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-17 AU AU25013/97A patent/AU727169B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-04-17 EP EP97916292A patent/EP0912262B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-17 NZ NZ332416A patent/NZ332416A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-04-17 WO PCT/CH1997/000152 patent/WO1997041976A1/de active IP Right Grant
-
1998
- 1998-11-02 NO NO19985101A patent/NO315359B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ332416A (en) | 2000-03-27 |
AU727169B2 (en) | 2000-12-07 |
NO315359B1 (no) | 2003-08-25 |
EP0912262B1 (de) | 2003-01-08 |
EA199800972A1 (ru) | 1999-04-29 |
AU2501397A (en) | 1997-11-26 |
NO985101D0 (no) | 1998-11-02 |
DE59709106D1 (de) | 2003-02-13 |
NO985101L (no) | 1998-11-02 |
EA000558B1 (ru) | 1999-10-28 |
CA2253554A1 (en) | 1997-11-13 |
CA2253554C (en) | 2009-06-30 |
ATE230638T1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
WO1997041976A1 (de) | 1997-11-13 |
ES2191836T3 (es) | 2003-09-16 |
US6217207B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 |
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