Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/0036—Dyeing and sizing in one process
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/285—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acid amides or imides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/0004—General aspects of dyeing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
  • D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
  • D06P1/5207—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06P1/525—Polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or functional derivatives thereof
  • D06P1/5257—(Meth)acrylic acid
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/916—Natural fiber dyeing
  • Y10S8/918—Cellulose textile
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/92—Synthetic fiber dyeing
  • Y10S8/922—Polyester fiber
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
  • Y10S8/929—Carpet dyeing

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of specific polymers as Anti-wrinkle anti-wrinkle dye.
• Modern piece dyeing preferably takes place in closed equipment such as HT reel runners, fully and partially flooded jet dyeing machines or softstream dyeing machines instead of.
• closed equipment such as HT reel runners, fully and partially flooded jet dyeing machines or softstream dyeing machines instead of.
• wrinkles which can lead to uneven colorations.
• irregularities is the different access of the dyeing liquor in the barrel fold compared to the exposed fabric surface and on the other hand the changed dye absorption the fiber deformed by kinking with an accompanying change in crystallinity.
• This problem is countered by adding aids to the dye baths, such as from the Textile Aids Catalog 1991, Konradin Verlag D-7022 Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Pages 103 - 107 are known.
• the known anti-wrinkle agents However, the requirements placed on them are not fully Scope to meet. There is therefore a need for new anti-wrinkle agents with improved properties.
• the present invention accordingly relates to the use of Acrylamide homopolymers or copolymers of 70 to 100% by weight of acrylamide and 0 to 30 % By weight of acrylic acid, in each case based on the weight of the monomers, in an amount ⁇ 0.04 g per liter of dye liquor as a wrinkle preventing agent in exhaust dyeing processes.
• EP-A-0,243,939 discloses a method which differs from the present one Invention, on the one hand with regard to the use of a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid as a leveling agent and, on the other hand, with regard to the used The concentration of the copolymer differs.
• wrinkle prevention agents are based on copolymers which differ from the copolymers of the present invention in that that they also have sulfonated, aliphatic or aromatic monomer units contain.
• the acrylamide homo- and copolymers are preferably in the form of an aqueous Preparations used.
• acrylamide / acrylic acid copolymers and is particularly preferred here in particular from those with an acrylamide content of> 70% by weight on the weight of the monomers.
• a particularly preferred embodiment of the The present invention relates to the use of copolymers of 75 to 90% by weight. Acrylamide and 10 to 25 wt .-% acrylic acid, each based on the weight of the Monomers.
• the homopolymers and copolymers used according to the invention have an average molecular weight from e.g. 800,000 to about 15 million, preferably 1 to 10 million and particularly preferably 1.5 to 3 million.
• the homopolymers and copolymers used according to the invention are known per se or can be obtained by known methods; they can be done by simply adding them or mixing the polymers in water into easy-to-use aqueous Preparations are transferred.
• the dye baths are conveniently moved between 0.0005 and 0.04 g / l liquor, preferably between 0.0005 and 0.03 g / l liquor and particularly preferably between 0.005 and 0.02 g / l of liquor.
• Application quantities of ⁇ 0.4 g / l Fleets are impractical because they form a smear layer on the stain Can give rise to tissue that is very difficult to remove.
• the dyeings in the presence of the acrylamide homo- and Copolymers according to an exhaust process are carried out in a manner which is customary per se for the skilled worker known manner using a wide variety of fiber materials.
• the cellulose fiber material comes from regenerated or, in particular, natural materials Cellulose, e.g. Cellulose, viscose silk, hemp, linen, jute or preferably cotton.
• Cellulose e.g. Cellulose, viscose silk, hemp, linen, jute or preferably cotton.
• Cellulose fiber materials are usually made with substantive dyes, Vat dyes, leuco vat dye esters or, above all, reactive dyes.
• vat dyes are higher fused and heterocyclic Benzoquinones or naphthoquinones, to sulfur dyes and in particular to Anthraquinones or indigoid dyes.
• Examples of usable according to the invention Vat dyes are in the Color Index 3rd Edition (1971) Vol. 3 on pages 3649 to 3837 under the names "Sulfur Dyes” and "Vat Dyes” listed.
• the leuco vat dye esters are e.g. from vat dyes of indigo, antharaquinone or indanthrene series by reduction e.g. with iron powder and subsequent Esterification e.g. available with chlorosulfonic acid and are in the Color Index 3rd Edition, 1971, vol. 3 referred to as "Solubilized Vat Dyes".
• Reactive dyes are understood to be the customary dyes which are associated with the Form a chemical bond with cellulose, e.g. those in the Color Index, in Volume 3 (3rd edition, 1971) on pages 3391-3560 and in volume 6 (revised 3rd edition, 1975) "Reactive Dyes" listed on pages 6268-6345.
• synthetic polyamide fiber materials especially textile materials, which in Presence of the new copolymers can be colored, e.g. such out Adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine (polyamide 6.6), from e-caprolactam (polyamide 6), from ⁇ -aminoundecanoic acid (polyamide 11), from ⁇ -aminoonanthic acid (polyamide 7), from ⁇ -aminopelargonic acid (polyamide 8) or from sebacic acid and hexamethylene diamine (Polyamide 6, 10) to mention.
• Adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine polyamide 6.6
• polyamide 6 e-caprolactam
• polyamide 11 ⁇ -aminoundecanoic acid
• polyamide 7 from ⁇ -aminoonanthic acid
• polyamide 8 from sebacic acid and hexamethylene diamine
• Synthetic or natural polyamide fiber materials are usually used colored anionic dyes.
• the anionic dyes are, for example, salts containing heavy metals or preferably metal-free azomethine, mono-, dis- or polyazo dyes including the formazan dyes and the anthraquinone, xanthene, nitro, Triphenylmethane, naphthoquinoneimine and phthalocyanine dyes.
• the ionic Character of these dyes can be formed by metal complex formation alone and / or preferably due to acidic, salt-forming substituents, such as carboxylic acid groups, sulfuric acid and phosphonic acid ester groups, phosphonic acid groups or preferably sulfonic acid groups be conditional.
• Latter preferably contain only a single sulfonic acid group and optionally one another, but no salt-forming, water-solubilizing group such as the acid amide or alkylsulfonyl group.
• the 1: 1 or preferably 1: 2 metal complex dyes are also of particular interest.
• the 1: 1 metal complex dyes preferably have one or two sulfonic acid groups on. As metal they contain a heavy metal atom, e.g. Copper, nickel or especially chrome.
• the 1: 2 metal complex dyes contain a heavy metal atom as the central atom, such as e.g. a cobalt atom or in particular a chromium atom. With the central atom are two complex-forming components connected, of which at least one is a dye molecule , but preferably both are dye molecules. The two can dye molecules involved in complex formation are the same or different from one another to be different.
• the 1: 2 metal complex dyes can e.g. two azomethine molecules, a disazo dye and a monoazo dye, or preferably two monoazo dye molecules contain.
• the azo dye molecules can be water-solubilizing Have groups such as Acid amide, alkyl sulfonyl or the above acid Groups.
• 1: 2 cobalt or 1: 2 chromium complexes of monoazo dyes are preferred, which have acid amide, alkylsulfonyl or a total of a single sulfonic acid group.
• polyester fiber material that is dyed or colored in the presence of the copolymer can be brightened optically, e.g. Cellulose ester fibers such as cellulose-2 1/2-acetate fibers and triacetate fibers and especially linear polyester fibers.
• Linear polyester fibers are to be understood as synthetic fibers which e.g. by Condensation of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol or of isophthalic acid or Terephthalic acid with 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane can be obtained, as well Copolymers of terephthalic and isophthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
• the Indian The textile industry which has been used almost exclusively to date, consists of Terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol.
• the disperse dyes to be used for dyeing polyester fiber materials which are only sparingly soluble in water and mostly in the form in the dye liquor a fine dispersion can be the most diverse classes of dyes belong, for example the acridone, azo, anthraquinone, coumarin, methine, Perinone, naphthoquinoneimine, quinophthalone, styryl or nitro dyes. It can mixtures of disperse dyes can also be used.
• the acrylamide homopolymers and copolymers according to the invention can also be advantageous used in dyeing polyacrylonitrile fibers with cationic dyes, because there are no interfering interactions and in particular none Precipitations occur.
• cationic dyes both migrating and non-migrating dyes are used.
• Particularly suitable as migrating cationic dyes are those with a more or less delocalized positive charge, the cation weight of which is less than 310, the parachor of which is less than 750 and the log P of which is less than 3.2.
• the Parachor is according to the article by OR Quayle [Chem. Rev. 53 , 439 (1953)] and log P means the relative lipophilicity, the calculation of which by C. Hanach et al [J. Med. Chem. 16 , 1207 (1973)].
• Non-migrating cationic dyes are especially those whose Cation weight is greater than 310 and the parachor is greater than 750.
• the cationic, migrating and non-migrating dyes can be different Belong to dye classes.
• they are salts, for example Chlorides, sulfates or metal halides, for example zinc chloride double salts of Azo dyes such as monoazo dyes or hydrazone dyes, anthraquinone, Diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, methine, azomethine, coumarin, ketone imine, Cyanine, xanthene, azine, oxazine or thiazine dyes.
• Azo dyes such as monoazo dyes or hydrazone dyes, anthraquinone, Diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, methine, azomethine, coumarin, ketone imine, Cyanine, xanthene, azine, oxazine or thiazine dyes.
• Mixtures of the cationic dyes can be used. Especially dye combinations of at least 2 or preferably are preferred 3 migrating or non-migrating cationic dyes for the production of level Dichroic or trichromatic stains, with mixtures of migrating and non-migrating cationic dyes can be used.
• the fiber materials can also be used as a mixed fabric among themselves or with other fibers, e.g. Mixtures of polyacrylonitrile / polyester, polyamide / polyester, polyester / cotton, Polyester / viscose, polyacrylonitrile / wool and polyester / wool can be used.
• Fiber blends of polyester and cotton are usually made with combinations of disperse dyes and vat dyes, sulfur dyes, leuco vat ester dyes, Dyed direct dyes or reactive dyes, the polyester content is pre-colored, dispersed or post-colored with disperse dyes.
• Polyester / wool mixed fiber materials are preferably used according to the invention commercially available mixtures of anionic dyes and disperse dyes colored.
• the textile material to be dyed can be in various forms. Piece goods, such as knitted or woven fabrics, are preferred.
• Preparations according to the invention can also be more undyed synthetic when tinting white Fiber materials with optical brighteners dispersed in water are used become.
• the optical brighteners can belong to any brightener class. In particular are coumarins, triazole coumarins, benzocoumarins, oxazines, Pyrazines, pyrazolines, diphenylpyrazolines, stilbenes, styrylstilbenes, triazolylstilbenes, Bisbenzoxazolylethylenes, stilbene-bis-benzoxazoles, phenylstilbenbenzoxazoles, thiophene-bis-benzoxazoles, Naphthalene-bis-benzoxazoles, benzofurans, benzimidazoles and naphthalimides.
• Mixtures of optical brighteners can also be used.
• the amount of dyes or optical brighteners to be added to the liquor is determined according to the desired color strength; in general, amounts have from 0.01 to 10, preferably 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, based on the textile material used, proven.
• the dye baths or brightening liquors can be used depending on the textile material to be treated in addition to the dyes or optical brighteners and the preparations according to the invention of copolymers of wool protection agents, oligomer inhibitors, oxidizing agents, Antifoams, emulsifiers, leveling agents, retarders and preferably Contain dispersants.
• the dispersants are used primarily to achieve a good fine distribution of the Disperse dyes. There come in general when dyeing with disperse dyes common dispersants in question.
• Preferred dispersants are sulfated or phosphated adducts from 15 to 100 moles of ethylene oxide or preferably propylene oxide to polyvalent, Aliphatic alcohols containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, e.g. Ethylene glycol, glycerol or pentaerythritol or on at least two amino groups or an amino group and a hydroxyl group-containing amines having 2 to 9 carbon atoms as well as alkyl sulfonates with 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, Alkylbenzenesulfonates with a straight-chain or branched alkyl chain with 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, e.g.
• Lignin sulfonates have proven particularly advantageous as anionic dispersants, Polyphosphates and preferably formaldehyde condensation products from aromatic Sulfonic acids, formaldehyde and optionally mono- or bifunctional phenols, such as e.g. from cresol, ⁇ -naphtholsulfonic acid and formaldehyde, from benzenesulfonic acid, Formaldehyde and naphthalic acid, from naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde or from Naphthalenesulfonic acid, dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone and formaldehyde have been proven.
• Prefers is the disodium salt of di- (6-sulfonaphthyl-2-) methane.
• anionic dispersants can also be used.
• the anionic dispersants are usually in the form of their alkali metal salts, Ammonium salts or amino salts. These dispersants are preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 5 g / l liquor used.
• the dye baths or brightener liquors can be used depending on the dye and Substrate, in addition to the aids already mentioned, also conventional additives, suitably electrolytes such as salts, e.g. Sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium or Ammonium phosphates or polyphosphates, metal chlorides or nitrates such as sodium chloride, Calcium chloride, magnesium chloride or calcium nitrate, ammonium acetate or Sodium acetate and / or acids, e.g. Mineral acids such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, or organic acids, suitably lower aliphatic carboxylic acids such as Formic, acetic or oxalic acid as well as alkalis or alkali donors and / or Complexing agents.
• electrolytes such as salts, e.g. Sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium or Ammonium phosphates or polyphosphates, metal chlorides or nitrates
• the acids are used primarily to adjust the pH of the invention fleets used, which is usually 3 to 6.5, preferably 4.5 to 6.
• the preparations When using reactive dyes, the preparations usually contain Fixing alkalis.
• alkaline compound for fixing the reactive dyes for example sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, disodium phosphate, Trisodium phosphate, borax, aqueous ammonia or alkali dispenser such as e.g. Sodium trichloroacetate.
• alkali dispenser such as e.g. Sodium trichloroacetate.
• the pH of the dye liquors containing alkali is usually 7.5 to 12.5 preferably 8.5 to 11.5.
• the dyeings or lightenings are advantageously carried out from an aqueous liquor after Pull-out procedure.
• the liquor ratio can accordingly be within a wide range Range, e.g. 1: 4 to 1: 100, preferably 1: 6 to 1:50.
• the temperature, at which dyeing or lightening is at least 70 ° C and is usually not higher than 140 ° C. It is preferably in the range from 80 to 135 ° C.
• Linear polyester fibers and cellulose triacetate fibers are preferably dyed after So-called high-temperature processes in closed and expediently also pressure-resistant equipment at temperatures above 100 ° C, preferably between 110 and 135 ° C, and optionally under pressure.
• closed vessels for example circulation devices such as cross-wound or tree dyeing devices, Reel runners, nozzle or drum dyeing machines, muff dyeing machines, paddles or Jigger.
• Cellulose-2 1/2 acetate fibers are preferably dyed at temperatures of 80-85 ° C.
• the material to be dyed is cellulose fiber material or synthetic polyamide fiber material alone
• the dyeing is conveniently carried out at a temperature of 20 to 106 ° C, preferably from 30 to 95 ° C for cellulose fibers and 80 to 95 ° C for Polyamide fibers.
• polyester-cotton fiber materials are preferably dyed at temperatures above 106 ° C, expediently at 110 to 135 ° C. These mixed fiber materials can be colored in the presence of carrier or carrier mixtures, which as Dye accelerators for dyeing the polyester portion with disperse dyes act.
• the dyeing process can be carried out in such a way that the dyeing material is either first briefly treated with the preparation according to the invention and then colored or preferably treated simultaneously with the preparation and the dye.
• the dyeings are completed by cooling the dye liquor to 40 to 70 ° C. Rinse the dyeings with water and, if necessary, by cleaning in the usual way in an alkaline medium under reductive conditions. The stains are then again rinsed and dried.
• the dyeings in order to improve the light fastness, advantageously after one Heat treatment, e.g. Thermosolition, subjected to preferably at 160 to 180 ° C. and performed for 30 to 90 seconds.
• the goods are first added with hydrosulfite in the usual way a pH of 6 to 12.5 and then treated with oxidizing agent and finally washed out.
• the so-called friction test can be used to advantage.
• This test will first a strip of fabric, e.g. one made of cotton or cotton / polyester existing strip, moistened with water, on the surface one with constant Brought speed rotating roller and the force with a dynamometer determined that is necessary to place the tissue strip in a fixed position hold. The determined value represents the standard (friction value 100%).
• the strip of tissue is then placed in an aqueous solution of the polymer to be determined dipped and the measurement repeated.
• the values obtained with and without polymer are set in relation to each other and the friction value of the polymer in percent of value obtained with pure water. Friction values of e.g. ⁇ 70%, show a significant wrinkle-reducing effect of the polymer in question.
• the fastness of the dyeings such as Lightfastness, fastness to rubbing and Wet fastness is not negatively affected by the use of the auxiliary mixture. Furthermore occurs when dyeing the textile material in the presence of the inventive Preparations no disturbing foaming.
• the percentages relate unless otherwise is indicated on the weight.
• the amounts refer to the dyes commercial, i.e. Coucher goods and the components of the auxiliary mixture on pure substance.
• the liquor is adjusted to 5.5 with acetic acid. After a lead time of 15 minutes at 40 ° C 1 g of a dye of the formula metered into the liquor, whereupon the liquor is circulated for a further 5 minutes. The liquor is then heated to 98 ° C. in the course of 30 minutes and dyed at this temperature for 30 minutes.
• the liquor is then cooled to 60 ° C. in the course of 15 minutes and rinsed and dries the fabric. A wrinkle-free, level blue color is obtained. A There is no change in nuance.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-02-08 TW TW083101047A patent/TW267198B/zh active
  • 1994-02-23 DE DE59409777T patent/DE59409777D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-02-23 EP EP94810113A patent/EP0613976B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-02-24 US US08/200,981 patent/US5445655A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-02-28 CA CA002116629A patent/CA2116629A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-03-01 JP JP03117294A patent/JP3522819B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1994-03-01 AU AU56479/94A patent/AU670483B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1994-03-01 ZA ZA941416A patent/ZA941416B/xx unknown

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