EP0414620B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnesiumlegierungen durch Aufsprühbeschichten - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnesiumlegierungen durch Aufsprühbeschichten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0414620B1
EP0414620B1 EP90420382A EP90420382A EP0414620B1 EP 0414620 B1 EP0414620 B1 EP 0414620B1 EP 90420382 A EP90420382 A EP 90420382A EP 90420382 A EP90420382 A EP 90420382A EP 0414620 B1 EP0414620 B1 EP 0414620B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
process according
magnesium
alloy
alloys
mechanical characteristics
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90420382A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0414620A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-François Faure
Gilles Nussbaum
Gilles Regazzoni
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Pechiney Recherche GIE
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Pechiney Recherche GIE
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Publication of EP0414620A1 publication Critical patent/EP0414620A1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
    • C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an economical process for obtaining a magnesium alloy having mechanical characteristics (breaking strength greater than 290 MPa, the elongation at break generally being at least 5%) and properties relating to improved corrosion, and the alloy obtained by said process.
  • the applicant has specifically sought to use simpler means and therefore more economical methods, making it possible to significantly improve the properties, in particular the mechanical characteristics and the corrosion resistance, of the alloys, based on magnesium obtained by conventional casting.
  • the applicant has sought to develop an economical process for obtaining a magnesium-based alloy having improved mechanical characteristics, in particular a breaking strength greater than 290 MPa, but particularly of at least 330 MPa, while having an elongation at break of at least 5% and a very good resistance to corrosion.
  • Another object of the invention is the alloy obtained by the process according to the invention, an alloy characterized by a homogeneous matrix of magnesium whose grain size is between 3 and 25 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 and 15 ⁇ m, comprising particles of intermetallic compounds, preferably precipitated at the grain boundaries, of the Mg17Al12, Al2Ca, Mg-TR, Al-TR type with dimensions less than 5 ⁇ m. This structure remains unchanged after 24 hours at 350 ° C.
  • the alloy always contains calcium and aluminum.
  • TR Rare Earths especially Nd, Ce, La, Pr, Misch Metal (MM), but also Y. It is also possible to use a mixture of these elements.
  • the process consists in spraying the molten alloy using a neutral gas such as Ar, He or N2 at high pressure in the form of fine liquid droplets which are then directed and agglomerated on a cooled substrate, generally formed by the alloy solid itself, or by any other metal, for example stainless steel, so as to form a massive and coherent deposit, however containing a low closed porosity.
  • a neutral gas such as Ar, He or N2
  • the ingot obtained can be in the form of billets, tubes, plates, etc., the geometry of which is controlled.
  • a technique of this type is generally known as "Spray Deposition".
  • the solidification speed is faster than in conventional production processes (eg molding, conventional casting, etc.) where it is much less than 10K / second.
  • a solid product having an equiaxed structure with fine grains.
  • the ingot thus obtained is transformed by hot deformation between 200 and 350 ° C, preferably by spinning and / or forging, but also by HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing). It is remarkable that such alloys can thus be transformed at such high temperatures, reaching 350 ° C., while retaining excellent mechanical characteristics.
  • Such thermal stability has many advantages, in particular the possibility of using a high spinning speed, high spinning ratios, while preserving the good mechanical characteristics obtained according to the invention.
  • the consolidated ingots can be subjected to heat treatments, either by dissolving followed by quenching and tempering (treatment T6), or directly tempering (treatment T5).
  • treatment T6 quenching and tempering
  • treatment T5 directly tempering
  • the alloys are dissolved by a heat treatment of at least 8 h at 400 ° C. It is followed by quenching with water or oil, then tempering for example 16 h at 200 ° C to obtain maximum hardness.
  • the alloys obtained according to the invention have a homogeneous structure preferably having a grain size between 3 and 25 ⁇ m and comprising particles of intermetallic compounds preferably precipitated at the grain boundaries.
  • Ca generally precipitates in the form of an intermetallic compound Al2Ca, that is to say a compound between two addition elements, and that even for the lowest Ca contents it is generally only very little present in solid solution in the Mg matrix and is not observed in the form of Mg Ca which is the compound normally expected in an Mg / Ca system.
  • alloys based on magnesium having excellent mechanical characteristics significantly higher than those obtained with the alloys of the prior art of conventional casting, and in particular a breaking strength greater than 330 MPa, the addition elements additionally providing better stability. temperature and improved corrosion resistance.
  • the weight loss observed with the alloys of the invention after soaking in an aqueous solution at 5% (weight) of NaCl, expressed in mcd (milligrams per cm2 and per day) does not exceed 0.8 mcd whereas for a conventional conventional spinning AZ91, it can reach 2 mcd.
  • the corrosion observed is perfectly homogeneous and uniform, and thus avoids the presence of pitting or preferential corrosion zones which can be the cause of preferential rupture zones.
  • the method according to the invention is, moreover, more economical, thanks inter alia to a higher productivity, and safer than the methods of quenching on a roller or atomizing because the handling of divided products is eliminated.
  • the products obtained do not contain oxides or hydrates capable of creating porosities or inclusions. This results in better metallurgical health which results in an improvement of the tolerance properties for damage (fatigue, toughness, ductility) compared to alloys or conventional or obtained by rapid solidification and / or powder metallurgy.
  • the gas flow rate is approximately 3.1 Nm3 / kg and the liquid flow rate is approximately 3 to 4 kg / minute; they are identical from one test to another.
  • the billets obtained are then consolidated by spinning at 300 ° C with a spinning ratio of 20 and a forward speed of the pestle of 1 mm / s.
  • TYS (0.2) represents the elastic limit measured at 0.2% elongation in tension; it is expressed in MPa.
  • UTS represents the breaking load; it is expressed in MPa.
  • e represents the elongation at break and is expressed in%
  • tests 1 to 5 illustrate the invention, while tests 6 and 7 give results outside the invention.
  • Test 6 relates to an alloy of the AZ91 type obtained by conventional casting and spinning, while test 7 relates to the same type of alloy obtained by spray-deposition and spinning. It can be noted that these alloys are close to AZ80 which is the standard wrought alloy (like the alloy ZK60 containing Zr), which is reputed to give the best mechanical characteristics after spinning, according to the prior art.
  • the alloys according to the invention give mechanical characteristics significantly superior to those of the alloys outside the invention, although the spinning took place at a temperature of 300 ° C less favorable than the 200 ° C of tests 6 and 7, for obtaining good mechanical characteristics. Furthermore, it should be noted that according to the invention, it is possible simultaneously to reduce the weight loss due to corrosion by a factor of 5 or 6 while having uniform corrosion (test 3), and that the use of TR allows an increase. mechanical characteristics with also uniform corrosion (tests 1, 4).
  • the first two alloys are produced according to the invention: they are alloys 3 and 4 in Table 1.
  • the third is a conventional AZ80 alloy.
  • the fourth has the composition of alloy 3, but was solidified quickly by quenching on a roller, then consolidated by spinning.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Wirtschaftliches Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Magnesiumlegierung mit verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere einer Bruchfestigkeit von wenigstens 290 MPa und einer Dehnung von wenigstens 5 %, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man durch Zerstäubung und Abscheidung in kompakter Form einen Block folgender Gewichtszusammensetzung:
    Al   2 - 9 %
    Zn   0 - 4 %
    Mn   0 - 1 %
    Ca   0,5 - 5 %
    TR   0 - 4 %   (Seltene Erden)
    mit den folgenden Gehalten an Hauptverunreinigungen:
    Si < 0,6 %
    Cu < 0,2 %
    Fe < 0,1 %
    Ni < 0,01 %
    mit Magnesium als Rest
    bildet und
    daß man diesen Block einer Verdichtungsbehandlung durch Warmverformung im Bereich 200 bis 350 °C unterwirft.
  2. Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gewichtszusammensetzung die folgende
    Al   5 - 9 %
    Zn   0 - 3 %
    Mn   0 - 1 %
    Ca   0,5 - 5 %
    TR   0 - 4 %
    ist, wobei die Verunreinigungen die gleichen bleiben und der Rest Magnesium ist.
  3. Verfahren nach dem Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gewichtszusammensetzung die folgende
    Al   5 - 9 %
    Zn   0 - 3 %
    Mn   0 - 0,6 %
    Ca   1 - 5 %
    TR   0 - 3 %
    ist, wobei die Verunreinigungen die gleichen bleiben und der Rest Magnesium ist.
  4. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die TR unter dem Y, Nd, Ce, La, Pr oder dem Mischmetall (MM) gewählt werden.
  5. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zerstäubung durch ein neutrales Gas, wie Ar, He, N₂, vorgenommen wird.
  6. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Abscheidung die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit im Bereich von 10 K/s bis 10³ K/s liegt.
  7. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verdichtungsbehandlung durch Strangpressen, Schmieden oder eine Kombination der beiden vorgenommen wird.
  8. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den verdichteten Block einer Wärmebehandlung zum Bringen der Zusatzelemente in Lösung mit nachfolgendem Abschrecken und Anlassen oder nur Anlassen zwecks weiterer Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften unterwirft.
  9. Legierung, die durch das Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 erhalten wurde, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aus einer homogenen Magnesiummatrix einer Korngröße im Bereich von 3 bis 25 µm und vorzugsweise von 5 bis 15 µm und aus Teilchen intermetallischer Verbindungen des Typs Mg₁₇Al₁₂, Al₂Ca, Mg-TR, Al-TR mit Abmessungen unter 5 µm besteht, die bevorzugt an den Korngrenzen abgeschieden sind.
EP90420382A 1989-08-24 1990-08-21 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnesiumlegierungen durch Aufsprühbeschichten Expired - Lifetime EP0414620B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8911356 1989-08-24
FR8911356A FR2651244B1 (fr) 1989-08-24 1989-08-24 Procede d'obtention d'alliages de magnesium par pulverisation-depot.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0414620A1 EP0414620A1 (de) 1991-02-27
EP0414620B1 true EP0414620B1 (de) 1994-01-26

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EP90420382A Expired - Lifetime EP0414620B1 (de) 1989-08-24 1990-08-21 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Magnesiumlegierungen durch Aufsprühbeschichten

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5073207A (de)
EP (1) EP0414620B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0397824A (de)
CA (1) CA2023900A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69006293T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2651244B1 (de)
NO (1) NO176483C (de)

Cited By (1)

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CN109097649A (zh) * 2012-06-26 2018-12-28 百多力股份公司 镁合金、其制造方法及其用途

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CN109321793B (zh) * 2018-10-31 2021-01-19 江苏理工学院 Al2Y颗粒和碳纳米管混杂增强超轻镁锂基复合材料及制备方法
CN109321794B (zh) * 2018-10-31 2021-01-19 江苏理工学院 Al2Ca颗粒和碳纳米管混杂增强超轻镁锂基复合材料及制备方法
CN109750198A (zh) * 2019-03-07 2019-05-14 洛阳理工学院 一种含Eu镁合金阳极材料及其制备方法与应用
CN110066948B (zh) * 2019-04-29 2020-09-11 东北大学 高强高塑性Mg-Ca-Al-Zn-Mn-Ce变形镁合金及其制备方法
CN110629089A (zh) * 2019-10-11 2019-12-31 江苏中科亚美新材料股份有限公司 一种高流动高耐蚀镁合金材料及其制备方法
WO2020054880A2 (ja) * 2019-12-18 2020-03-19 一般社団法人日本マグネシウム協会 難燃高靭性マグネシウム合金
CN111519074A (zh) * 2020-05-21 2020-08-11 东北大学 一种含轻稀土元素镧的高强度Mg-Ca-Mn-Al-Zn系变形镁合金及其制备方法
CN112522561A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2021-03-19 广东省科学院材料与加工研究所 一种压铸镁合金及其制备方法

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FR2651244B1 (fr) 1993-03-26
JPH0397824A (ja) 1991-04-23
NO176483B (no) 1995-01-02
NO903711L (no) 1991-02-25
EP0414620A1 (de) 1991-02-27
JPH0534411B2 (de) 1993-05-24
FR2651244A1 (fr) 1991-03-01
CA2023900A1 (fr) 1991-02-25
NO176483C (no) 1995-04-12
DE69006293D1 (de) 1994-03-10
NO903711D0 (no) 1990-08-23
US5073207A (en) 1991-12-17
DE69006293T2 (de) 1994-05-26

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