EP0301935B1 - Hochempfindlicher elektromagnetischer Auslöser und dessen Herstellung - Google Patents

Hochempfindlicher elektromagnetischer Auslöser und dessen Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0301935B1
EP0301935B1 EP19880401806 EP88401806A EP0301935B1 EP 0301935 B1 EP0301935 B1 EP 0301935B1 EP 19880401806 EP19880401806 EP 19880401806 EP 88401806 A EP88401806 A EP 88401806A EP 0301935 B1 EP0301935 B1 EP 0301935B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microns
nickel
armature
polar
magnetic circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19880401806
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0301935A1 (de
Inventor
Marie-Sylvie Mermet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
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Merlin Gerin SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0301935A1 publication Critical patent/EP0301935A1/de
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Publication of EP0301935B1 publication Critical patent/EP0301935B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/163—Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
    • H01H71/327—Manufacturing or calibrating methods, e.g. air gap treatments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a high sensitivity electromagnetic trip device, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Triggers of the kind mentioned must be reliable and operate at thresholds independent of ambient conditions, in particular humid heat, which can cause corrosion between iron and nickel forming iron oxides and hydroxides which lead either to untimely triggering or to sticking of the pallet.
  • High sensitivity trip units are generally incorporated in personal protection switches or circuit breakers and any malfunction is intolerable.
  • Document FR-A-2.412.159 discloses a method for producing a high-sensitivity trigger having the characteristics of the preamble of claim 1, in which at least one of the pole surfaces is coated with a layer of '' a thickness less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m producing a lubricating effect and avoiding any wear by friction. This layer coats the weak asperities which can no longer break, but it does not provide protection against corrosion.
  • document FR-A-2,412,159 disclosed a high sensitivity trigger having the characteristics of the preamble of claim 7.
  • the object of the present invention is to allow the production of a high sensitivity trigger with correct operation in humid heat and this object is achieved by implementing the features of claim 1.
  • the polar surface of the frame and that of the pallet receive the same finish, in this case a mechanical treatment, for example of polishing with suitable tools or abrasive materials, revealing a surface condition with a roughness 0.03 ⁇ Ra ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m and thereafter a protective coating with a thickness close to or less than 1 ⁇ m, which keeps the peaks and the profile at 0.03 ⁇ Ra ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the good behavior of the triggers according to the invention comes on the one hand from the point contacts between the two pole surfaces via the peaks of the surfaces (and not through zones) and, on the other hand through the protective coating which prevents any initiation or extension of local corrosion likely to occur at the points of contact of the two pole surfaces.
  • the small air gap is retained as well as the high sensitivity.
  • the protective coating can be made of different materials and can be obtained in different ways. In all cases, it must be thin, homogeneous, almost non-porous, clean and adherent.
  • the polar surface is covered with a nickel oxide compound which can be obtained by electrolytic polishing, the latter leading to a nickel enrichment of the surface, which oxidizes in presence of air, or by physical or chemical deposition under vacuum of nickel, of a thickness less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m, which oxidizes in the same way.
  • a nickel oxide compound which can be obtained by electrolytic polishing, the latter leading to a nickel enrichment of the surface, which oxidizes in presence of air, or by physical or chemical deposition under vacuum of nickel, of a thickness less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m, which oxidizes in the same way.
  • Document DE-A-2,541,392 describes an electromagnet with a plunger core, the polar guide surfaces of the core and the surface of the core being coated with a layer of nickel or chromium resistant to corrosion and wear .
  • the thickness of the layer is 15 ⁇ m.
  • the protective layer can be a nitride, in particular a titanium nitride, a carbide, a boride, amorphous carbon or a metal of groups IB, IVB, VIB AND VIII of the periodic table of the elements, in particular chromium and titanium.
  • the deposition is carried out by standard physical or chemical processes under vacuum, which provide clean deposits of homogeneous and very thin thickness, advantageously between 0.2 and 0.9 ⁇ m. Chromium and titanium nitride are particularly suitable.
  • the greatest of the elementary depths of roughness R max is less than 6 ⁇ m so as to avoid peaks that are too tapered and pointed, the sides of which are insufficiently protected and the coating of the tip of which may crack.
  • the invention also relates to the high sensitivity trigger produced by the method described above.
  • an electromagnetic trip device comprises a magnetic frame 1 in the form of U, made of an iron nickel alloy and a permanent magnet 2 in the form of a parallelepiped bar, placed between the branches 3, 4 of the frame 1, one of the poles 5,6 of which is attached to the base 7 of the U of the frame 1.
  • a movable pallet 8 also made of an iron-nickel alloy, is placed opposite the pole ends 9, 10 of the armature 1 and of the pole 6 of the magnet 2 and is pivotally mounted around the edge 11 of the arm 3 of frame 1.
  • a return spring 12 biases the pallet 8 in the pivoted position for separating the frame 1, in which the pole surface 14 of the pallet 8 opposite the pole surface 10 of the frame 1 is separated from the latter.
  • Pallet 8 can take two positions of stable equilibrium. In one, shown in Figure 1, it is bonded by the pole surface 14, on the pole surface 10 of the armature 1, by the magnetic flux 13 generated by the permanent magnet 2. In the other position shown in FIG. 2, the pole surface 14 is moved away from the pole surface 10, by the force of the spring 12.
  • a coil 16 is wound on the branch 4 of the armature 1 to generate a magnetic flux 15 opposite to the flux 13 of the permanent magnet in the branch 4 when it is traversed by an electric current.
  • the pallet 8 takes off from the end 10 of the branch 4 under the action of the spring 12.
  • the polar surface 14 of the pallet 8 and the polar surface 10 of the frame 1 undergo the same treatment to obtain a surface having peaks 18 and valleys 19, the contact between the two surfaces 10,14 effected by the peaks 18 in the manner shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3.
  • the pole surface 9 of the armature and the associated pole surface of the pallet 8 advantageously undergo the same treatment.
  • the roughness coefficient Ra which is the average height of the profile above and below the average line, according to standard NF E05-015, is greater than or equal to 0.03 ⁇ m and less than 0.5 ⁇ m. This roughness is obtained during the mechanical polishing of the polar surfaces 10, 14 and it is perfectly defined and reproducible.
  • the polished surfaces 10,14 then receive a thin protective coating such as a layer of nickel oxide, nitride, carbide, boride, amorphous carbon or a metal of the groups IB, IVB, VIB or VIII, of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
  • the nickel oxide layer can result from a surface enrichment of nickel in the polar surface, for example by a deposit of small thickness, less than 1 micron of nickel. This nickel oxidizes to form a chemically stable nickel oxide.
  • Nickel enrichment can be obtained by electrolytic polishing which preferentially dissolves iron and leaves a surface with increased nickel content over a few atomic layers, which oxidizes in air.
  • the deposition of nickel or other protective materials is carried out by physical or chemical processes under vacuum (Physical Vapor Deposition or Chemical Vapor Deposition) well known to specialists and which it is unnecessary to describe.
  • the protective layer with a thickness of less than 1 ⁇ m is homogeneous and it forms, in combination with the above-mentioned roughness, a barrier against corrosion. Good results have been obtained with a layer of titanium nitride or chromium, but the other aforementioned materials are also suitable. It is important that the two pole surfaces 10,14 are treated in the same way.
  • the thickness of the layer is between 0.2 and 0.9 ⁇ m and the maximum amplitude of the peaks R max is less than 6 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the surface condition on an enlarged scale.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Herstellungsverfahren für einen elektromagnetischen Auslöser mit hoher Ansprechempfindlichkeit, insbesondere für einen Differenzstrom-Lasttrennschalter, bestehend aus einem durch einen Dauermagneten (2) polarisierten Magnetkreis mit Steuerspule (16), wobei der Magnetkreis einen feststehenden Magnetkern (1) und einen beweglichen Anker (8) aufweist, mit je einer Polfläche (10, 14), die sich bei Anzug des Ankers durch den Magnetkern berühren, wobei die Polflächen gemäß dem genannten Verfahren mit einer Schutzschicht von < 1 µm Dicke überzogen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der genannte Magnetkreis aus einer Eisen-Nickel-Legierung besteht und die Polfläche (10) des Magnetkreises (1) sowie die Polfläche (14) des Ankers (8) der gleichen Oberflächenbehandlung zur Erzielung eines Mittenrauhwertes Ra unterzogen werden, der größer oder gleich 0,03 µm und kleiner als 0,5 µm ist, wobei Ra dem Mittelwert der positiven und negativen Abstände des Profils von der Mittellinie entspricht, um über die Erhebungsspitzen (18) einen punktuellen Kontakt zwischen den beiden Polflächen zu erzielen und in Verbindung mit der genannten Schutzschicht jegliche Korrosion in feuchter Wärme zu verhindern.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei der genannten Oberflächenbehandlung um ein mechanisches Polieren der Polflächen (10, 14) handelt.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Herstellung der Schutzschicht durch elektrolytisches Polieren der Polflächen mit daraus resultierender Anreicherung der Oberflächen mit Nickel erfolgt, wobei das genannte Nickel zu einer Nickeloxyd-Schutzschicht oxydiert, und daß der Mittenrauhwert größer oder gleich 0,15 µm und kleiner als 0,5 µm ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nickeloxyd-Schutzschicht durch ein galvanisches Vakuumverfahren mit Ablagerung von Nickel gewonnen wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzschicht mit einer Dicke zwischen 0,2 und 0,9 µm aus einem Nitrid, Karbid, Borid, amorphem Kohlenstoff oder einem Metall der Hauptgruppen IB, IVB, VIB und VIII des Periodensystems der Elemente besteht und mit Hilfe eines physikalischen bzw. chemischen Vakuumverfahrens aufgebracht wird, wobei die größte Einzelrauhtiefe kleiner als 6 µm ist.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzschicht aus Titannitrid oder Chrom besteht.
  7. Auslöser mit hoher Ansprechempfindlichkeit, insbesondere für einen Differenzstrom-Lasttrennschalter, bestehend aus einem durch einen Dauermagneten (2) polarisierten Magnetkreis mit Steuerspule (16), wobei der Magnetkreis einen feststehenden Magnetkern (1) sowie einen beweglichen Anker (8) aufweist, mit je einer Polfläche (10, 14), die sich bei Anzug des Ankers durch den Magnetkern berühren, wobei die Polflächen mit einer Korrosions-Schutzschicht von < 1 µm Dicke überzogen werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Magnetkreis aus einer Eisen-Nickel-Legierung besteht und die der gleichen Oberflächenbehandlung unterzogenen Polflächen (10, 14) des Magnetkreises (1) bzw. des Ankers (8) einen Mittenrauhwert Ra von größer oder gleich 0,03 µm und kleiner als 0,5 µm aufweisen.
  8. Auslöser nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schutzüberzug aus einer durch elektrolytisches Polieren gewonnenen Nickeloxydschicht besteht.
  9. Auslöser nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzschicht aus einem mit Hilfe eines Vakuumverfahrens aufgebrachten Nitrid, Karbid, Borid, aus amorphem Kohlenstoff oder einem Metall der Hauptgruppen IB, IVB, VIB und VIII des Periodensystems der Elemente besteht.
  10. Auslöser nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzschicht aus Titannitrid oder Chrom mit einer Dicke zwischen 0,2 und 0,9 µm besteht.
EP19880401806 1987-07-28 1988-07-11 Hochempfindlicher elektromagnetischer Auslöser und dessen Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0301935B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8710720A FR2618941B1 (fr) 1987-07-28 1987-07-28 Declencheur electromagnetique a haute sensibilite et son procede de fabrication
FR8710720 1987-07-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0301935A1 EP0301935A1 (de) 1989-02-01
EP0301935B1 true EP0301935B1 (de) 1993-06-30

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19880401806 Expired - Lifetime EP0301935B1 (de) 1987-07-28 1988-07-11 Hochempfindlicher elektromagnetischer Auslöser und dessen Herstellung

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0301935B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2888838B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1022002C (de)
DE (1) DE3882099T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2043867T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2618941B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4118177C2 (de) * 1991-06-03 1996-11-28 Abb Patent Gmbh Permanentmagnetischer Fehlerstromauslöser
FR2697670B1 (fr) * 1992-11-04 1994-12-02 Merlin Gerin Relais constituant un actionneur mécanique pour déclencher un disjoncteur ou un interrupteur différentiel.
FR2754933B1 (fr) * 1996-10-23 1998-11-27 Schneider Electric Sa Relais de declenchement electromagnetique a revetement de carbone amorphe, et son procede de fabrication
DE10222552A1 (de) * 2000-11-23 2003-11-27 Abb Patent Gmbh Elektrische Schalteinrichtung für Fehlerstrom-, Überstrom- und Kurzschlußstromschutz
DE10210826A1 (de) * 2002-03-12 2003-09-25 Abb Patent Gmbh Auslöseeinrichtung für einen Fehlerstromschutzschalter und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
BRPI0600680C1 (pt) * 2006-02-24 2008-04-22 Oscar Rolando Avila Cusicanqui aperfeiçoamento introduzido em interruptor elétrico
FR2943171B1 (fr) * 2009-03-10 2011-04-08 Hager Electro Sas Actionneur electromagnetique a derivation de flux
FR2988216B1 (fr) * 2012-03-16 2014-04-25 Hager Electro Sas Actionneur electromagnetique a impedance maitrisee
DE102012102431B4 (de) * 2012-03-21 2019-11-07 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Leitungsschutzschalter
DE102012009665B4 (de) * 2012-05-12 2022-04-07 Doepke Schaltgeräte GmbH Elektrisches Auslöserelais für einen Schalter, insbesondere für einen Schutzschalter zum Überwachen elektrischer Netze
FR3020895B1 (fr) * 2014-05-09 2016-06-24 Aperam Procede de fabrication de pieces magnetiques d'un relais differentiel comprenant un traitement de surface par microbillage
CN113793785A (zh) * 2021-09-17 2021-12-14 乐清拓优电气有限公司 一种剩余电流断路器的跳闸装置

Family Cites Families (8)

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FR1400286A (fr) * 1964-07-07 1965-05-21 Siemens Ag Electroaimant de retenue servant de déclencheur dans des appareils électriques
FR2261614A1 (en) * 1974-02-14 1975-09-12 Gardy Ste Francaise High sensitivity mechanical relay or contact breaker - for use in differential switching circuits
DE2541392B2 (de) * 1975-09-17 1977-09-29 Philips Patentverwaltung GmbH, 20O0 Hamburg Verfahren zur herstellung eines elektromagneten mit einem magnetanker
JPS5427362A (en) * 1977-08-03 1979-03-01 Hitachi Ltd Semiconductor device
DE2755645B2 (de) * 1977-12-14 1980-02-07 Schutzapparate-Gesellschaft Paris + Co Mbh Kg, 5885 Schalksmuehle Elektromagnetischer Auslöser, insbesondere Haltemagnetauslöser für Fehlerstromschutzschalter
JPS56103821A (en) * 1980-01-23 1981-08-19 Omron Tateisi Electronics Co Electric contact
JPS6168822A (ja) * 1984-09-11 1986-04-09 株式会社東芝 電磁接触器
JPS61160850A (ja) * 1985-01-08 1986-07-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 光デイスク

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2618941B1 (fr) 1995-01-06
DE3882099T2 (de) 1994-01-05
DE3882099D1 (de) 1993-08-05
JPH01117225A (ja) 1989-05-10
FR2618941A1 (fr) 1989-02-03
CN1031000A (zh) 1989-02-08
ES2043867T3 (es) 1994-01-01
JP2888838B2 (ja) 1999-05-10
CN1022002C (zh) 1993-09-01
EP0301935A1 (de) 1989-02-01

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