EP0855729B1 - Hochempfindliches Relais und Verfahren zum Beschichten von Kontaktoberfläche eines hochempfindliches Relais - Google Patents

Hochempfindliches Relais und Verfahren zum Beschichten von Kontaktoberfläche eines hochempfindliches Relais Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0855729B1
EP0855729B1 EP98400006A EP98400006A EP0855729B1 EP 0855729 B1 EP0855729 B1 EP 0855729B1 EP 98400006 A EP98400006 A EP 98400006A EP 98400006 A EP98400006 A EP 98400006A EP 0855729 B1 EP0855729 B1 EP 0855729B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
relay
yoke
coating
polar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98400006A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0855729A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Colmar
Philippe Verin
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Mecagis SNC
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Mecagis SNC
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Publication of EP0855729A1 publication Critical patent/EP0855729A1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
    • H01H71/327—Manufacturing or calibrating methods, e.g. air gap treatments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high sensitivity relay. and a method of coating contact surfaces a high sensitivity relay.
  • the invention applies to a high sensitivity relay constituting a mechanical actuator for a circuit breaker or a Differential Switch.
  • Such high sensitivity relays are realized in the form of a magnetic circuit comprising a cylinder head and a pallet made of ferromagnetic material weak coercive field.
  • the magnetic circuit which presents for example a rectangular shape has a cylinder head having the shape of a C with two branches parallel have end portions constituting polar surfaces to which apply two contact areas of the pallet made under the shape of a flat blade, in the closed position of the relay.
  • the cylinder head and the pallet are made up of magnetic parts made of a nickel alloy such as 50% alloy or 80% nickel alloy. These parts are processed at high temperature (at a temperature above 1000 ° C in a neutral or reducing atmosphere) so that the magnetic pieces have very weak coercive fields and for example coercive fields less than or equal to 150mA / cm).
  • a permanent magnet associated with the cylinder head and coupled to the magnetic circuit allows to exert a force of attraction on the pallet, so that it is held against the end parts of the cylinder head comprising the polar surfaces.
  • a spring for example helical fixed at one of its ends on the pallet in the vicinity of a first contact area of the pallet with a first polar surface of the cylinder head and at its other end on a part secured to the cylinder head allows to exert on the pallet a restoring force in a direction tending to move the second contact zone away from the pallet of the second polar surface of the cylinder head by pivoting the pallet around an axis of rotation located at the first polar surface.
  • a coil is placed around part of the breech close to its second polar surface.
  • the winding is supplied with electric current via a magnetic torus ensuring the detection of faults in the electrical circuit on which the circuit breaker.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the magnet decreases, which results in a decrease in the bonding effort exerted by the magnet on the pallet, so that the force exerted by the spring becomes predominant; the spring is then able to move the pallet, by pivot, to an open position. Move of the pallet from its closed circuit position magnetic to an open position allows actuation the mechanical circuit breaker control device.
  • the movement of the pallet by pivoting between its position closing and its open position is accompanied a certain slip between the first bearing surface of the pallet and the first polar surface of the breech when rotating around the edge of the first polar surface.
  • the resulting friction may cause some wear of the magnetic parts.
  • the second contact area of the pallet which comes to rest against the second polar surface of the cylinder head undergoes some wear during operation successive stages of the relay.
  • the magnetic parts of the relay i.e. the cylinder head and pallet must have a coercive field very weak and always less than 150mA / cm.
  • the relays must be able to carry out a very large number of operations without their performance are significantly degraded.
  • the air gap between the magnetic pieces in their position closing must be kept low and constant.
  • the polar surfaces of the cylinder head and the contact surfaces of the pallet must have a very good surface condition, so they must undergo a minimal degradation and wear during operation of the relay.
  • the surfaces of the magnetic parts must withstand the climatic tests described in the French standard NFC.EN.61009.
  • Document DE 28 36 572 A shows a relay according to the preamble of claim 1, with a coating of boride and graphite against wear.
  • magnetic alloys based on nickel used especially when processed thermally to present a weak coercive field, have low hardness and low wear resistance.
  • these nickel alloys are not stainless and their resistance to corrosion under conditions of use of the relay is insufficient. So we proposed improve the hardness and wear resistance of contact surfaces of the magnetic parts of the relays producing metallic coatings on these surfaces which also increase corrosion resistance contact surfaces.
  • These protective coatings can be produced by a process such as electrolysis, chemical deposition vapor phase (CVD) or chemical phase deposition plasma activated steam (PECVD).
  • CVD chemical deposition vapor phase
  • PECVD chemical phase deposition plasma activated steam
  • the choice of metal deposited to constitute the coating layer must allow certain conditions with regard to the characteristics of the coating layer.
  • the layer must be thick limited so that we can get an air gap between the contact areas of the pallet and the polar surfaces of the cylinder head of a perfectly defined thickness and less than a low value of the order of 5 ⁇ m.
  • the hardness of the coating layer must be high to limit wear on the contact between the pallet and the cylinder head, during a use resulting in a very large number of relay operations.
  • the coefficient of friction of the surfaces of contact with each other must be weak, especially because the hinge axis of the pallet can be at one of the polar surfaces of the cylinder head.
  • the hardness of the deposited layers is not generally not sufficient to provide long duration of the relay.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a relay high sensitivity with magnetic circuit
  • a relay high sensitivity with magnetic circuit comprising a cylinder head of magnetic material having a first and second polar surfaces and a palette consisting of a blade, made of a magnetic material, having on one of its faces or bearing face, a first and a second respective contact zone with the first and the second polar surface of the breech, in a closed position of the magnetic circuit, means of attraction of the pallet towards the closed position and means for recalling and moving the pallet by pivoting about an axis which can be located on the first polar surface of the cylinder head, towards a position opening in which the second contact area of the pallet is separated from the second polar surface of the cylinder head, this relay can have a very large air gap weak and perfectly defined between the surfaces of contact of the pallet and the cylinder head, a very large resistance to wear and oxidation and a coefficient very low friction between the contact surfaces.
  • At least one of the bearing surfaces constituted by the support surface of the pallet of a part and the polar surfaces of the cylinder head on the other hand, is covered by a coating containing carbon in the form of a diamond.
  • the invention also relates to a method for coating the contact surfaces of a high relay sensitivity.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a circuit breaker comprising a high sensitivity relay according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a high sensitivity relay according to the invention.
  • a contactor 2 On a line of network 1 is placed a contactor 2 which can be moved by a mechanical device 3 actuated by a high sensitivity relay 4, to cut current flow in network 1, the whole comprising the contactor 2, the mechanical device 3, the relay 4 and a malfunction detector 11 of network 1 constituting the differential circuit breaker.
  • the relay 4 consists of a magnetic circuit which comprises a yoke 5 made of magnetic material having the shape of a C and a pallet 6 consisting of a blade plane which ensures the closing of the magnetic circuit in a closed position shown in Figure 2.
  • the cylinder head 5 has two branches substantially parallels 5a and 5b, the end parts of which constitute the polar surfaces of the cylinder head 5.
  • the palette 6 has a bearing surface 6a (lower surface of the pallet in Figure 2) which comes into contact with the polar surfaces of the cylinder head 5, at the end of the branches 5a and 5b of the cylinder head, in the position of closing of the relay shown in figure 2.
  • a permanent magnet 7 is fixed on the branch central cylinder head 5 joining the two branches parallel 5a and 5b and ensures by magnetic coupling with cylinder head 5, the attraction and bonding of the pallet 6 on the polar surfaces of the cylinder head, in the closed position of the relay.
  • a return spring 8 formed in the form a coil spring is attached to one of its ends on an end part of the pallet, in the vicinity a first contact area of the pallet made up on its bearing surface coming into contact with the first polar surface of the breech at the end of branch 5a.
  • Spring 8 is fixed at its second end on a fixing piece 9 fixed to the body of the relay or on the cylinder head.
  • Spring 8 exerts a force on the pallet 6 in the opposite direction to the force of attraction of the second contact area of the pallet coming to rest on the second pole surface at the end of branch 5b of the cylinder head.
  • a coil 10 surrounds the second branch 5b of the cylinder head 5.
  • the winding 10 is supplied with current electric via fault detector 11 of operation of the electrical network 1 which can be constituted by a toroid detector capable of sending a current to the winding 10, in the case of the appearance a malfunction on the network 1.
  • Pallet 6 of the relay in the open position activates the mechanism 3, so as to unlock it.
  • Mechanism 3 exercises then a large force on the contactor blade 2 to ensure its displacement and the interruption of the current flow in the electrical network 1.
  • Relay 4 must have a high sensitivity, the electrical triggering power of the relay in front be less than 250 ⁇ VA and preferably between 50 and 100 ⁇ VA. For this it is necessary to use to constitute the cylinder head 5 and the pallet 6 of the circuit relay 4, a high magnetic alloy performance whose coercive field is less than 150mA / cm. Generally a nickel alloy is used. 50 or 80% nickel. This alloy is further processed thermally at high temperature under neutral atmosphere or reductive.
  • the alloys of used nickel have low wear resistance. In besides these alloys are not stainless.
  • the spring 8 ensures the movement of the pallet 6 by pivoting around an axis 12 (see Figure 2) located on the first polar surface of the breech at the end of the branch 5a.
  • the movement of the pallet 6 between its position however, its open position is not not purely a pivoting movement, some slip occurring between the first area of contact of the bearing surface 6a of the pallet and the first polar surface of the cylinder head 5. It occurs therefore a friction between the contact surfaces of the relay and, during successive uses of the relay, a wear of these contact areas.
  • the maneuvers opening and closing of the relay cause a wear of the second contact area of the bearing surface 6a of the pallet against the second polar surface of the breech at the end of the branch 5b.
  • the air gap high sensitivity relay i.e.
  • the sum of air gaps between the first contact area of pallet 6 and the first polar surface of the cylinder head 5 on the one hand and the second contact zone of the pallet 6 and the second polar surface of the cylinder head 5 else hand, must have a very low value and perfectly constant to ensure satisfactory performance of relay over time.
  • the relay air gap corresponding to the sum of air gaps at the contact zones of this relay must be as constant as possible and less than or equal at 5 ⁇ m.
  • the polar surfaces of the cylinder head and the surface contact areas support 6a of the pallet have a very low roughness. These areas can for example be subject to rectification and running-in.
  • the coefficient of friction of the palette on the cylinder head, especially at the first contact area of the pallet 6 resting on the first polar surface of the cylinder head must be very low.
  • the resistance to wear and therefore the hardness of contact surfaces must also be very high.
  • the high sensitivity relay according to the invention meets all of these conditions, because at least one of the bearing surfaces constituted by the bearing surface 6a of the pallet 6 on the one hand and by the polar surfaces at the end of branches 5a and 5b of the cylinder head on the other hand is covered with a layer of coating containing carbon in the form of a diamond.
  • the relay according to the invention has a coating layer on only one of the bearing surfaces, the best results being obtained by making a coating layer containing carbon in the form of diamond on the bearing surface 6a of the pallet only.
  • the polar surfaces of the cylinder head 5 are then simply rectified or lapped. Of course, it is also possible to donate both the polar surfaces of the cylinder head and the surfaces pallet support.
  • the coating of the contact surface (s) of the relay is achieved by a chemical deposition process in vapor phase assisted by a plasma (PECVD process).
  • the part to be coated for example the heat treated magnetic alloy constituting the pallet 6 is introduced into a chamber in which we can create a vacuum.
  • the room is evacuated and we introduces into the chamber a gas containing carbon, for example a hydrocarbon.
  • a doping agent such as a borane.
  • Such a compound is known by the name D.L.C. or under the trade name Diamolith Carbon.
  • the duration of the coating treatment is set so as to obtain a coating with a thickness desirable.
  • a coating layer containing a high proportion of carbon in the form of diamond having a thickness close to 1 ⁇ m. So more general, we will aim for a coating thickness between 0.5 and 2 ⁇ m.
  • the last column of the table relates to a coating of a contact surface of a next relay the invention.
  • Corrosion resistance tests have been carried out according to French standard NFC.EN.61009.
  • the relay is placed in the closed position and exposed, during 24 hour exposure cycles to an atmosphere containing 100% humidity, at a temperature of 70 ° C, for twenty-eight days.
  • the coating layer according to the invention has a hardness significantly higher than the hardness other coatings including coatings titanium nitride and carbonitride.
  • the contact surfaces of the following relays the invention therefore exhibit resistance to wear significantly higher than the wear resistance relays with metallic coatings of the type known.
  • This resistance to wear and the operation of the relays are also improved by the fact that the coefficient friction between the coated contact surfaces of a diamond-like carbon compound is much lower than the coefficient of friction of coatings metallic.
  • Coating of relay contact surfaces according to the invention also has a critical charge chipping and tear resistance satisfactory, these characteristics not being superior, for coatings according to the prior art, only in the hard chrome. Additionally, as noted above, the minimum coating thickness of the coating to be produced on the contact surfaces of a relay is substantially lower in the case of a relay according to the invention (0.5 ⁇ m) if compared to surface coatings of relay contact according to the prior art (thickness 1 or 2 ⁇ m).
  • Relays according to the invention comprising on their contact surface a thin deposit perfectly smooth carbon compound in the form of diamond, therefore have very characteristic superior to known high-sensitivity relays the contact surfaces of which are coated with a layer metallic.
  • a low deposit thickness and perfectly controlled provides a perfectly air gap constant and limited to a low value.
  • the relay has a very strong resistance to oxidation, even in the case of using a deposit of thin.
  • the high hardness of the coating makes on the other hand the relay according to the invention practically insensitive to wear, following a very large number of maneuvers.
  • the low coefficient of friction between the contact surfaces helps limit deterioration of these contact surfaces, at the pivot axis of the pallet of the first polar zone of the breech.
  • the coating which is carried out at a very moderate temperature does not deteriorate properties parts of the relay.
  • the next relay the invention therefore has a triggering power which can be set to a low value and in particular less than 250 ⁇ VA.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment that has been described.
  • the invention applies to relays with high sensitivity different from relays constituting actuators for a circuit breaker or a differential switch of an electrical network.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Hochempfindliches Relais, mit einem Magnetkreis, der ein Joch (5) aus magnetischem Material, das eine erste und eine zweite Polfläche besitzt, sowie einen Anker (6) umfaßt, der durch ein Plättchen aus magnetischem Material gebildet ist und auf einer seiner Flächen (6a) oder der Abstützfläche eine erste und eine zweite Zone für den Kontakt mit der ersten bzw. der zweiten Polfläche des Jochs (5) in einer geschlossenen Stellung des Magnetkreises besitzt, mit Mitteln zum Ziehen des Ankers (6) in die geschlossene Stellung sowie mit Rückstell- und Verschiebungsmitteln für den Anker (6) durch Schwenken um eine Achse, die an der ersten Polfläche des Jochs angeordnet sein kann, in eine geöffnete Stellung, in der die zweite Kontaktzone des Ankers (6) von der zweiten Polfläche des Jochs getrennt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eine der Abstützflächen, die durch die Abstützfläche (6a) des Ankers (6) einerseits und die Polflächen des Jochs (5) andererseits gebildet sind, mit einem Überzug bedeckt ist, der Kohlenstoff in Diamantform enthält.
  2. Relais nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nur die Abstützfläche (6a) des Ankers (6) mit einem Überzug bedeckt ist, der Kohlenstoff in Diamantform enthält.
  3. Relais nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sowohl die Polflächen des Jochs (5) als auch die Abstützfläche (6a) des Ankers (6) mit einem Überzug bedeckt sind, der Kohlenstoff in Diamantform enthält.
  4. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Überzug, der Kohlenstoff in Diamantform enthält, eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,5 bis 2 µm hat.
  5. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Überzug eine Struktur hat, die zu 2/3 die Struktur von Diamant hat.
  6. Relais nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Anker (6) des Relais ein Mechanismus (3) zum Auslösen eines Schaltautomaten zugeordnet ist, wobei das Relais eine mechanische Betätigungseinrichtung des Schaltautomaten bildet.
  7. Relais nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen Permanentmagneten (7), der dem Joch (5) zugeordnet und mit diesem verbunden ist, um das Anziehen und Drücken des Ankers (6) gegen die Polflächen des Jochs (5) zu verwirklichen, eine Feder (8) zum Rückstellen des Ankers (6) in eine geöffnete Stellung sowie eine Wicklung (10) zur Kompensation der Anziehungs- und Druckkraft des Ankers (6) durch den Permanentmagneten (7), die von einer Vorrichtung (11) zur Erfassung von Fehlern im Stromnetz (1) mit elektrischem Strom versorgt wird, umfaßt.
  8. Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Kontaktoberfläche eines hochempfindlichen Relais, wobei das Relais versehen ist mit einem Magnetkreis, der ein Joch (5), das eine erste und eine zweite Polfläche besitzt, sowie einen Anker (6) umfaßt, der aus einem Plättchen aus magnetischem Material gebildet ist, das auf einer seiner Flächen (6a) oder seiner Abstützfläche eine erste und eine zweite Zone für einen Kontakt mit der ersten bzw. der zweiten Polfläche des Jochs (5) in einer geschlossenen Stellung des Magnetkreises besitzt, mit Mitteln (7) zum Anziehen des Ankers (6) in die geschlossene Stellung und mit Mitteln (8, 10) zum Rückstellen und Verschieben des Ankers durch Schwenken um eine Achse, die an der ersten Polfläche des Jochs angeordnet sein kann, in eine geöffnete Stellung, in der die zweite Kontaktzone des Ankers (6) von der zweiten Polfläche des Jochs (5) getrennt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eines der magnetischen Teile, die durch das Joch (5) und den Anker (6) gebildet sind, in einem Beschichtungsbehälter angeordnet wird, daß dieser evakuiert wird, daß in den Behälter ein kohlenstoffhaltiges Gas wie etwa Kohlenwasserstoff eingeleitet wird, daß zwischen dem magnetischen Teil (5, 6) und einem Teil des Behälters eine Entladung hervorgerufen wird, derart, daß das magnetische Teil (5, 6) auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 100 bis 200 °C erwärmt wird und das kohlenstoffhaltige Gas in ein Plasma umgewandelt wird, und daß auf dem magnetischen Teil (5, 6) eine Überzugsschicht abgelagert wird, die Kohlenstoff in Diamantform enthält und durch chemische Abscheidung aus der Dampfphase, die durch das Plasma aktiviert wird, erhalten wird.
EP98400006A 1997-01-24 1998-01-05 Hochempfindliches Relais und Verfahren zum Beschichten von Kontaktoberfläche eines hochempfindliches Relais Expired - Lifetime EP0855729B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9700798 1997-01-24
FR9700798A FR2758904B1 (fr) 1997-01-24 1997-01-24 Relais a haute sensibilite et procede de revetement de surfaces de contact d'un relais a haute sensibilite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0855729A1 EP0855729A1 (de) 1998-07-29
EP0855729B1 true EP0855729B1 (de) 2001-03-28

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EP98400006A Expired - Lifetime EP0855729B1 (de) 1997-01-24 1998-01-05 Hochempfindliches Relais und Verfahren zum Beschichten von Kontaktoberfläche eines hochempfindliches Relais

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0855729B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE200163T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69800631T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2157641T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2758904B1 (de)
HU (1) HU222292B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7863534B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2011-01-04 General Electric Company Spring discharge mechanism for circuit breaker

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2167187B2 (es) * 1999-12-14 2003-05-16 Power Controls Iberica Sl Perfeccionamiento para incrementar la vida de los reles electromagneticos.
DE102012009665B4 (de) * 2012-05-12 2022-04-07 Doepke Schaltgeräte GmbH Elektrisches Auslöserelais für einen Schalter, insbesondere für einen Schutzschalter zum Überwachen elektrischer Netze
CN110541150B (zh) * 2019-08-22 2024-05-03 沈阳科友真空技术有限公司 一种干簧管继电器触点用多层膜结构及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2836572A1 (de) * 1978-08-21 1980-03-06 Siemens Ag Magnetisch betaetigbare kontakteinrichtung
JPH03276707A (ja) * 1990-03-27 1991-12-06 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 電磁石
US5544774A (en) * 1994-08-26 1996-08-13 Aiwa Research And Development, Inc. Method of eliminating pole recession in a thin film magnetic head

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7863534B2 (en) 2008-04-15 2011-01-04 General Electric Company Spring discharge mechanism for circuit breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2157641T3 (es) 2001-08-16
HUP9800122A2 (hu) 1998-08-28
FR2758904A1 (fr) 1998-07-31
DE69800631D1 (de) 2001-05-03
HUP9800122A3 (en) 1999-11-29
ATE200163T1 (de) 2001-04-15
HU222292B1 (hu) 2003-06-28
FR2758904B1 (fr) 1999-04-23
EP0855729A1 (de) 1998-07-29
HU9800122D0 (en) 1998-03-30
DE69800631T2 (de) 2001-07-05

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