EP0071795B1 - Arme à feu individuelle automatique - Google Patents

Arme à feu individuelle automatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0071795B1
EP0071795B1 EP82106350A EP82106350A EP0071795B1 EP 0071795 B1 EP0071795 B1 EP 0071795B1 EP 82106350 A EP82106350 A EP 82106350A EP 82106350 A EP82106350 A EP 82106350A EP 0071795 B1 EP0071795 B1 EP 0071795B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
delay
fire
firearm according
shot
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82106350A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0071795A2 (fr
EP0071795A3 (en
Inventor
Paul Thevis
Helmut Danner
Erich Weisser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heckler und Koch GmbH
Original Assignee
Heckler und Koch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heckler und Koch GmbH filed Critical Heckler und Koch GmbH
Priority to AT82106350T priority Critical patent/ATE23631T1/de
Publication of EP0071795A2 publication Critical patent/EP0071795A2/fr
Publication of EP0071795A3 publication Critical patent/EP0071795A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0071795B1 publication Critical patent/EP0071795B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41AFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/03Shot-velocity control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an automatic handgun which can be switched to single fire, burst of fire and continuous fire and has a firing cadence regulator which reduces the firing cadence in the continuous fire setting by means of a delay element which releases the triggering of the next shot, by means of which a cock acting on a firing pin when firing the trigger can be triggered is provided with an additional detent which is effective in the continuous fire position and can be triggered by the delay element, the additional detent of the tap comprising a delay release lever which is provided with a nose which engages in a detent of the tap and which is actuated by the delay element can be disengaged, the delay element having a part moved by the closure when it moves backward.
  • the known weapon has the disadvantage that the delay device compared to the natural cadence of the weapon, which is essentially determined by the moving masses and the springs used, allows only a slight delay in the sequence of shots, because the next shot is caused by the impact of the buffer rebounding flying pistons triggered. Because of its limited mass for triggering the pawl, this piston must have a certain minimum speed in order to apply the kinetic energy required for triggering. In addition, there must also be an excess speed in order to overcome the friction forces which the piston suffers in the bore and cannot be controlled exactly.
  • the invention has for its object to design the weapon described above so that it has a significantly reduced firing rate in the continuous fire setting compared to the shot burst setting.
  • a delay element which works mechanically and with a fluid, which comprises a spring-loaded piston and which protrudes into the movement path of the breech which moves the piston before the next shot is fired and which Piston spring tensions, which retards the piston with a throttle.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the delay element described allows the spring-loaded piston to be moved as slowly as desired into its position which triggers the next shot within reasonable limits.
  • the energy for triggering the pawl that releases the cock comes from the spring that is loaded and loaded on the piston when the bolt moves back after firing the previous shot and drives the piston along its path.
  • This spring can be made so strong that friction forces to be taken into account can of course also be surmounted here.
  • the invention makes it possible, in the firing position in which the weapon emits a predetermined number of shots, preferably three shots, in rapid succession when the trigger is pulled once, to select the highest possible firing rate.
  • a high rate of fire is important because the shooter does not feel any recoil during the firing of the burst of fire and thereby the weapon is not or only slightly deflected from the target. This ensures a high hit quality.
  • the delay time of the delay element can be set independently of the kinematics and the movement sequences of the weapon, because the delay element practically does not intervene in the movement sequence of the weapon system, but only the cock is released with a delay, which has no repercussions on the Has movements of the shutter, cartridge feed and the like.
  • the delay element which works mechanically and with a fluid, can be designed as desired within wide limits and can be designed functionally differently.
  • it can be a mechanical-hydraulic unit similar to a one-way shock absorber forms, which has a piston guided in a cylinder, the cylinder being filled with hydraulic fluid and the piston being provided with throttles and check valves connected in parallel and being loaded by the spring.
  • Hydraulic delay elements generally have the disadvantage that their delay time is temperature-dependent because the viscosity of the liquid depends on the prevailing temperature. A dependence of the delay time on the outside temperature is not permissible for a weapon that has to function in the tropical climate as well as in the Arctic.
  • a mechanical-pneumatic delay element is therefore preferably provided.
  • Such a delay element works practically completely independent of temperature.
  • it can be constructed like the previously described shock absorber, ie it can be hermetically sealed from the outside, which has the advantage of being insensitive to dirt and dust.
  • the delay release lever can be attached in a desired manner away from the other cock catches, which in turn are preferably incorporated in the vicinity of the axis of rotation of the cock.
  • the delay release lever can be made long enough so that the delay element requires a relatively small force to disengage the delay release lever and to release the tap.
  • the detent cooperating with the delay release lever is provided in the region of the end region of the valve that is remote from the axis of rotation of the valve.
  • the cadence reduction by means of the delay element can be switched off by holding the delay release lever in a position in which it always remains out of engagement with the engagement surface on the tap.
  • a particularly expedient embodiment is obtained when the safety shaft, which is in any case available for switching on the usual operating modes, is designed such that it holds the delay release lever in a pivoted position in the burst of fire position, in which its nose remains outside the engagement surface of the stop cock.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the safety shaft automatically deactivates the delay element in the firing position, but on the other hand allows the delay element to take effect in the continuous fire position.
  • the delay lever is disengaged from its active position by a member of the automatic counting mechanism that limits the number of shots fired by the burst.
  • the delay lever is only pivoted out during the shot count and is therefore ineffective, but is also effective in the setting for individual fires, but this has no influence in practical use.
  • the piston is provided with a cup sleeve serving as a check valve, and the cylinder guiding the piston is vented on one or both sides via an optionally adjustable throttle.
  • This embodiment is characterized by a particularly simple construction because the piston is essentially formed by the cup sleeve, which at the same time also fulfills the function of the check valve.
  • an externally adjustable throttle can easily be used, which has the advantage that the delay time can be set, which will only be important in exceptional cases, however, because the provision of a fixed throttle is more appropriate.
  • the throttle can be provided on the pressure side and / or the suction side.
  • the cylinder is provided with a transverse bore, which the piston releases before it reaches its active end position.
  • This cross bore results in the effect that the deceleration caused by the throttle is switched off at the moment and the piston is moved without delay by the spring when the piston has passed the cross bore. It is thereby achieved that the delay release lever is actuated with the full and undelayed force of the spring displacing the piston. This results in a uniform and very reliable working of the device.
  • a similar effect can also be achieved in that the piston rod is guided in a sealed manner in the support plate and is provided with a longitudinal groove which reaches and bridges the seal before the actual end position of the piston is reached, or in that a groove is provided in the cylinder wall.
  • such automatic handguns are provided with a return buffer for limiting the return of the breech.
  • the return buffer is designed as a ring surrounding the piston rod of the delay-element piston, against which a collar attached to the piston rod comes to rest in the closed end position. This makes it possible to mount the delay element in the end region of the breech movement path, as a result of which the delay element is integrated into the weapon and an organic, compact construction is achieved.
  • the weapon shown in FIG. 1 which is an automatic rifle, comprises a barrel 1, a sighting device 2, a hand guard 3 surrounding the rear part of the barrel, a pistol grip 4 with a trigger 6 pivotally mounted in a trigger box 5 and a shoulder rest 7.
  • a cartridge supply is located in a magazine 8 attached in front of the trigger box 5.
  • the weapon is designed as a recoil loader like the known G 3 rifle; it could also be constructed as a gas pressure charger.
  • the handgun includes a breech that closes the barrel, returns after a shot has been fired, ejects the empty cartridge, advances under the force of a spring, and thereby inserts the next cartridge into the chamber.
  • FIGS. 2a-c show the rear part of the breech 9, the breech 9 being in its front end position in which it closes the cartridge chamber.
  • the closure 9 with a firing pin 10 is displaceable along a line 11.
  • the trigger 6 is rotatably mounted in the trigger box 5 about an axis 12.
  • a trigger lever 13 is also pivotable about the axis 12 and can be displaced longitudinally to a limited extent, as is known from the aforementioned weapon.
  • a tap 14 is pivotable about an axis 15 and is provided with a catch 16 and a further catch 17 at a short distance from its axis 15.
  • the cock 14 is loaded in a known manner by a cock spring, which pivots it counterclockwise after the release in the illustration according to FIG.
  • a securing shaft 18 is provided, which, in a known manner, not shown, in the “secured” position blocks an extension 19 of the trigger 6 and thus an actuation of the trigger 6.
  • a delay release lever 21 is pivotally mounted about a further axis 20 and is loaded by a spring 22 in the clockwise direction.
  • the delay release lever 21 is provided with a lug 23 which engages in a catch 24 which is incorporated in the cock 14 in its end region facing away from the axis 15.
  • the delay release lever 21 is also extended and projects with an arm 25 into the path of movement of a head 26 of a delay element 27 or 27 'or 27 ", the head 26 also being movable along the line 11, but with the arm 25 moving laterally is located outside the path of movement of the closure 9.
  • a catch pawl 29 is rotatably mounted about an axis 28 and is provided with a nose 30, on which the cock 14 with the catch 16 comes to rest when the catch pawl 29 is not pivoted out.
  • the end of the catch pawl protrudes into the movement path of a release lever 31 which is attached to the closure 9 and can be moved together with it.
  • the catch pawl 29 is pivoted such that the nose 30 is outside the movement path of the catch 16 and thus the cock 14, as far as it is not otherwise held, can strike the firing pin 10.
  • the delay elements 27, 27 'and 27 “comprise a cylinder 32 fastened to the trigger box 5 or the lock guide, in which a piston 33 is displaceably guided in the direction of line 11, which is provided with a piston rod 34, on the piston rod 33 facing away from it End of the head 26.
  • the piston rod 34 is passed through a support plate 35 fixedly attached to the weapon and between the head 26 and the support plate 35 there is a ring 36 surrounding the piston rod 34 made of an elastically deformable material, which serves as a buffer
  • the piston 33 comprises a support plate 37 and a guide plate 38, which fix a cup sleeve 39 made of an elastic sealing material between them, the open side of the cup sleeve 39 pointing towards the head 26.
  • a helical compression spring is supported on a base 40 of the cylinder 32 41 from which, on the other hand, bears against the guide plate 38 and loads the piston 33, so that it moves in the direction of au f tries to move the shutter 9.
  • a bore 42 is machined into the base 40 of the cylinder 32, which bore can be completely or partially covered by a plate 44 pivotably fastened by means of a screw 43 a transverse bore 45 is incorporated, the position of which is selected such that the cup sleeve 39 has passed the bore under the action of the compression spring 41, just before the head 26 reaches the arm 25.
  • the delay element 27 In the delay element 27 according to FIG. 2a, only the negative pressure in the space containing the spring 41 is used to delay the movement of the piston 33. Accordingly, a ventilation hole 46 having a sufficiently large cross section is machined into the support plate 35. If, on the other hand, according to FIG. 2b, only the excess pressure in the space of the cylinder 32 opposite the spring 41 is used in the delay element 27 'to delay the movement of the piston 33, then the bore 46' serves as a vent and is arranged instead of the bore 42.
  • a bore 42 'machined into the support plate 35 serves as a throttle and can be completely or partially covered by a plate 44' which is pivotably fastened by means of screw 43 '.
  • the bore 45 is replaced by a longitudinal groove 45 'in the piston rod 34, which is sealed by an O-ring 47 in the support plate 35 until the groove 45' extends outward through the sealed area. Both the negative pressure and the excess pressure are used in the delay element 27 "according to FIG. 2c.
  • the various operating modes namely safe, single fire, burst of fire and continuous fire are set in a known manner by pivoting the safety shaft 18.
  • the safety shaft blocks the shoulder 19 of the trigger 6, as is also known from the imported weapons G 3 and HK 21 A 1.
  • the catch pawl 29 is pivoted by the release lever 31 and thus the nose 30 is disengaged from the catch 16.
  • the trigger 6 can be pivoted and takes the trigger lever 13 with it, the stud of which pivots out of the catch 17 and releases the tap 14.
  • the breech runs back, tensions the cock 14 and then runs again under the action of a closing spring, not shown.
  • the tap 14 is initially caught by the nose 30 at the catch 16 until the closure 9 reaching the closed position with the release lever 31 swings out the catch pawl 29, whereupon the tap 14 is caught by the trigger lever 13 with its catch 17.
  • the next shot can be triggered by actuating the trigger 6 again.
  • a cam 18 'of the safety shaft 18 pivots the delay lever 21 so that its nose 23 is out of engagement with the catch 24 of the cock 14. This ensures that the next shot is triggered each time the breech 9 reaches the closed position of the breech and the release lever 31 swings out the catch pawl 29, whereby the nose 30 is released from the catch 16 and the cock 14 can thereby knock off.
  • the delay release lever 21 is also inoperative in this operating mode.
  • the cup sleeve 39 acting as a check valve that opened automatically in this direction of movement.
  • the spring 41 presses the piston 33 in the direction of the closure 9, the piston speed depending on how large the free cross section of the bore 42 or 42 'is , which is adjustable by turning the screw 43 and the plate 44 (unless a fixed bore is preferred).
  • the piston 33 therefore moves with a delay until the cup sleeve 39 has passed the transverse bore 45 (FIG. 2a) or the groove 45 'through the 0-ring 47, whereupon air is practically unthrottled in the or through the transverse bore 45 or the groove 45'.
  • the time interval between two shots is no longer determined solely by the kinematics of the shutter, but essentially by the delay time determined by the delay element 27. So while in the burst position the weapon shoots with unchanged, high cadence, in the continuous fire position it shoots with a reduced cadence.
  • the cadence can be set to 300 rounds per minute or, if desired, even a lot lower, but the firearm's full high cadence is retained in the mode of operation.
  • the delay element 27 can also be constructed in a different manner known per se in mechanical delay elements.
  • a mechanical delay element for example, an electrical delay element could also be used which, after its delay time has expired, for example via a magnet, releases the tap 14.
  • the cock 14 is loaded in a known manner via a pressure fork 50 by a helical compression spring 52. These parts are shown broken off to simplify the drawing. Also to simplify the drawing, only a gear 54 of the shot counter present in the weapon is shown in FIG. 2a, which is driven in a manner not shown by the movement of the cock 14.
  • This shot counter is in European Patent Application No. 82 102 962.6 (published on 24-11-82 under No.0065101) * dated April 7, 1982, the applicant of which is Heckler & Koch GmbH and whose title is “Shot number limiter for automatic fires -
  • the pneumatic delay element 60 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the delay elements described above mainly in that it has in its piston 62 a valve 66 which is loaded by a spring 64 and which moves from the left to the left when the piston 62 moves in FIG. 3 opens automatically on the right, thereby allowing the air originally contained on the right of the piston 62 within the cylinder 68 to pass through a radial bore 70 into the area on the left of the piston 62. If the piston 62 moves to the left from the position shown in FIG.
  • valve 66 closes and the air located to the left of the piston 62 now passes through the radial bore 70 and a bore 74 running parallel to the axial direction, which is at its end Bore 70 adjacent end merges into a narrow throttle bore 76, again on the right side of the piston 62.
  • a longitudinal groove 82 is provided which, when the piston 62 has moved a certain distance to the left, the rapid overflow of the Air from the space to the left of the piston 62 into the space to the right of the piston 62 allows the air to flow past a seal 86 located in an annular groove 84, thereby bypassing the throttle bore 76 and thereby the spring 41 the piston 62, as in the above described embodiments, drives to the left at considerable speed, so that the triggering of the hammer 14 takes place with great certainty.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 3 is insensitive to contamination because all parts of the pneumatic delay device are arranged inside the cylinder 68 and are closed off by this and the wall 35 to the outside.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
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Claims (14)

1. Arme à feu individuelle automatique, qui peut être changée pour le tir coup par coup, le tir en rafale et le tir continu et qui présente un organe de réglage de la cadence de tir (27, 21 à 25) qui réduit la cadence de tir dans l'ajustement au tir continu par un organe de retardement (27) qui libère le déclenchement du tir suivant, par lequel peut être déclenché le chien qui sollicite un percuteur (10) lors du déclenchement du tir et qui est pourvu d'un crantage supplémentaire qui agit dans la position de tir continu et qui peut être déclenché par l'organe de retardement (27), le crantage supplémentaire du chien (14) comprenant un levier de déclenchement du retardement (21) présentant une saillie (23) qui pénètre dans un cran (24) du chien (14) et qui peut être dégagé par l'organe de retardement (27), l'organe de retardement présentant une pièce déplacée par la culasse au cours de son mouvement de recul, caractérisée par un organe de retardement (27) qui fonctionne mécaniquement et à l'aide d'un agent d'écoulement et qui comporte un piston (33) commandé par ressort et fait saillie dans la trajectoire de la culasse (9) qui, avant le déclenchement du tir suivant, déplace le piston (33) et amène sous tension le ressort (41) qui repousse le piston de façon retardée grâce à un étranglement (42, 44).
2. Arme à feu suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le cran (24) pour le levier de déclenchement du retardement (21) est prévu dans la zone de la partie d'extrémité du chien (14) qui est éloignée de son axe de pivotement (15).
3. Arme à feu suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce qu'un axe d'arrêt (18) pour l'ajustement des modes de fonctionnement dans au moins une position (tirs en rafales, tirs coup par coup) maintient le levier de déclenchement du retardement (21) dans une position pivotée dans laquelle sa saillie (23) reste à l'extérieur du cran (24).
4. Arme à feu suivant l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que le levier de déclenchement de retardement est désengagé de sa position active par l'intermédiaire d'un organe du mécanisme automatique de comptage qui limite le nombre de tirs lors de l'ajustement sur le « tir en rafales •.
5. Arme à feu suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le piston (33) présente une soupape de retenue.
6. Arme à feu suivant la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le cylindre (32) guidant le piston est désaéré au moins d'un côté par l'intermédiaire d'un étranglement (42, 42', 44, 44').
7. Arme à feu suivant la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que le piston (62) présente un alésage étranglé (76) qui le traverse dans la direction longitudinale.
8. Arme à feu suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que le cylindre (32) présente un alésage transversal (45) que le piston (33) libère avant d'atteindre sa position finale active.
9. Arme à feu suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la tige du piston (34) est guidée de manière étanche dans la plaque de support (35) et en ce qu'elle présente une rainure longitudinale (45') qui atteint et court-circuite l'étanchéité avant que le piston (33) n'atteigne la position extrême active.
10. Arme à feu suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'un tampon de recul est prévu pour limiter le recul de la culasse et en ce que le tampon de recul est réalisé sous la forme d'un anneau (36) qui entoure une tige de piston (34) du piston de l'organe de retardement (33) et sur lequel vient en appui, dans la position extrême de la culasse, un collet (26) qui est agencé sur la tige du piston (34).
11. Arme à feu suivant la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de retardement est agencé sensiblement derrière le tampon de recul.
12. Arme à feu suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la paroi du cylindre (80) présente une rainure longitudinale (82) qui atteint et court-circuite l'étanchéification (86) avant que le piston (62) n'atteigne la position extrême active.
13. Arme à feu suivant la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que la soupape de retenue est formée par une manchette en forme de coupelle (39).
14. Arme à feu suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de retardement (27) est un organe de retardement (27) mécanique-pneumatique.
EP82106350A 1981-08-04 1982-07-15 Arme à feu individuelle automatique Expired EP0071795B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82106350T ATE23631T1 (de) 1981-08-04 1982-07-15 Automatische handfeuerwaffe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3130761 1981-08-04
DE3130761A DE3130761C2 (de) 1981-08-04 1981-08-04 Automatische Handfeuerwaffe oder Maschinengewehr

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0071795A2 EP0071795A2 (fr) 1983-02-16
EP0071795A3 EP0071795A3 (en) 1983-08-10
EP0071795B1 true EP0071795B1 (fr) 1986-11-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82106350A Expired EP0071795B1 (fr) 1981-08-04 1982-07-15 Arme à feu individuelle automatique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4523509A (fr)
EP (1) EP0071795B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE23631T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1209835A (fr)
DE (1) DE3130761C2 (fr)
IL (1) IL66440A (fr)
NO (1) NO155024C (fr)
PT (1) PT75368B (fr)

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US3650177A (en) * 1970-07-01 1972-03-21 Mauser Werke Ag Device for controlling the firing frequency in automatic firearms
GB1420626A (en) * 1972-10-02 1976-01-07 Sturm Ruger & Co Auto-loading firearm
AT331675B (de) * 1973-05-24 1976-08-25 Heckler & Koch Gmbh Automatische handfeuerwaffe
JPS583160B2 (ja) * 1976-03-19 1983-01-20 トキコ株式会社 圧力容器へのガス封入方法
CH594864A5 (fr) * 1976-10-27 1978-01-31 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag
DE3120128C1 (de) * 1981-05-20 1982-12-09 Heckler & Koch Gmbh, 7238 Oberndorf Schusszahlbegrenzer fuer automatische Feuerwaffen mit Hahnschlagzuendung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO822653L (no) 1983-02-07
EP0071795A2 (fr) 1983-02-16
NO155024B (no) 1986-10-20
PT75368B (de) 1984-08-20
CA1209835A (fr) 1986-08-19
DE3130761C2 (de) 1984-01-05
ATE23631T1 (de) 1986-11-15
NO155024C (no) 1987-01-28
IL66440A (en) 1987-10-20
DE3130761A1 (de) 1983-03-03
EP0071795A3 (en) 1983-08-10
US4523509A (en) 1985-06-18
PT75368A (de) 1982-09-01

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