CN203504520U - 接近开关、灯和接近开关组件 - Google Patents

接近开关、灯和接近开关组件 Download PDF

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CN203504520U
CN203504520U CN201320368118.0U CN201320368118U CN203504520U CN 203504520 U CN203504520 U CN 203504520U CN 201320368118 U CN201320368118 U CN 201320368118U CN 203504520 U CN203504520 U CN 203504520U
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斯图尔特·C·萨尔特
彼得罗·布托洛
杰弗里·辛格
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Abstract

本实用新型提供了一种接近开关、灯和接近开关组件，所述接近开关具有感测垫和设置在感测垫的外周附近以生成临近感测垫的启动场的接近传感器。接近传感器包括具有不同长度和间距的多个交叉状电极齿。该开关可整体成形为灯和接近开关组件。在本实用新型的接近开关以及灯和接近开关组件中，通过使交叉状电极齿配置为具有不同的长度和间距，能够防止对附近的开关或传感器造成干扰。

Description

接近开关、灯和接近开关组件
技术领域
本实用新型总的来说涉及灯及其开关，更具体地，涉及具有接近开关的灯组件。
背景技术
机动车通常装备有各种用户可致动开关，用于操控包括电动窗、前照灯、雨刷、天窗、内部照明灯、广播和信息娱乐设备以及各种其它设备的设备。通常，这些类型的开关需要由用户致动以启动或停用某设备或执行某种类型的控制功能。接近开关(如电容开关)采用一个或多个接近传感器来生成感测启动场并感测表明用户致动开关的启动场的变化，这种变化通常由用户手指接近或接触传感器引起。电容开关通常被配置成基于感测启动场与阈值的比较来检测用户是否启动开关。
机动车灯组件通常包括用于启动照明设备的单独机械开关。一些灯组件包括可按压灯组件，其移动以启动按钮开关来开/关灯。随着接近开关的普及，接近开关可被用于控制照明设备的启动。期望提供一种易于封装和使用并且不会干扰照明功能或其它开关的接近开关。
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的在于提高一种易于封装和使用且不会干扰照明功能或其他开关的接近开关或者灯和接近开关组件。
根据本实用新型的一个方面，提供了一种接近开关。该接近开关包括感测垫和靠近感测垫外周设置的接近传感器。接近传感器生成临近感测垫的启动场。接近传感器包括具有不同长度和间距的多个交叉状电极齿。
优选地，多个交叉状电极齿包括交叉并电连接以生成启动场的第一电极齿和第二电极齿。
优选地，多个交叉状电极齿在感测垫的第一侧和第二侧延伸，其中，位于感测垫的第一侧的第一电极齿和第二电极齿具有第一长度和第一间距，而位于感测垫的第二侧的第一电极齿和第二电极齿具有第二长度和第二间距，其中，第二长度大于第一长度，第二间距大于第一间距。
优选地，第一侧与第二侧相对。
优选地，多个交叉状电极齿由一侧的一端延伸至相对端，位于一端的电极齿具有第一长度和第一间距，而位于相对端的电极齿具有第二长度和第二间距，其中，第二长度大于第一长度，第二间距大于第一间距。
优选地，一个或多个接近传感器基本包围感测垫的外周。
优选地，接近开关应用在车辆上。
优选地，接近传感器包括电容传感器。
优选地，接近开关被配置为包括具有透明窗的灯玻璃和设置成透过灯玻璃的透明窗照明的光源的组件，其中，透明窗包括感测垫。
根据本实用新型的另一方面，提供了一种接近开关，其包括感测垫和设置在感测垫的外周附近的接近传感器。接近传感器包括交叉并电连接至外电极齿以生成临近感测垫的启动场的内电极齿。内电极齿和外电极齿在感测垫的一侧相较于在感测垫的另一侧具有不同的长度和间距。
优选地，接近开关包括电容传感器，并且启动场包括电容场。
优选地，在感测垫的一侧，内电极齿和外电极齿具有第一长度并且内电极齿和外电极齿之间具有第一间距，在临近感测垫的另一侧，内电极齿和外电极齿具有第二长度并且内电极齿和外电极齿之间具有第二间距，其中，第二长度大于第一长度，第二间距大于第一间距。
根据本实用新型的又一个方面，提供了一种灯和接近开关组件。灯和接近开关组件包括具有透明窗的灯玻璃和设置成透过灯玻璃的透明窗照明的光源。灯和接近开关组件还包括设置在透明窗的外周附近并生成临近透明窗的启动场的接近传感器。接近传感器包括具有不同长度和间距的多个交叉状电极齿。
优选地，多个交叉状电极齿包括交叉并电连接以生成启动场的第一电极齿和第二电极齿。
优选地，多个交叉状电极齿在感测垫的第一侧和第二侧延伸，第一电极齿和第二电极齿在感测垫的第一侧具有第一长度和第一间距，第一电极齿和第二电极齿在感测垫的第二侧具有第二长度和第二间距，其中第二长度大于第一长度，第二间距大于第一间距。
优选地，第一侧与第二侧相对。
优选地，多个交叉状电极齿由一侧的一端延伸至相对端，位于一端的电极齿具有第一长度和第一间距，而位于相对端的电极齿具有第二长度和第二间距，其中，第二长度大于第一长度，第二间距大于第一间距。
优选地，接近传感器基本包围透明窗的外周。
优选地，灯和接近开关组件应用在车辆上。
优选地，接近传感器包括电容传感器。
在本发明的接近开关以及灯和接近开关组件中，通过使交叉状电极齿配置为具有不同的长度和间距，能够防止对附近的开关或传感器造成干扰。
本领域的技术人员在研究以下说明书、权利要求和附图之后，将理解本实用新型的这些和其它方面、目标和特征。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1是根据一个实施例的具有采用一对灯和接近开关组件的顶置控制台的机动车的车厢的立体图；
图2是图1所示具有灯和接近开关组件的顶置控制台的放大图；
图3是根据一个实施例的具有接近开关布置的一个灯和接近开关组件的放大图；
图4是沿图3所示线IV-IV截取的示出与用户手指关联的灯和接近开关的放大截面图；
图5是图3所示灯和接近开关组件的传感器电极组件以实线示出的正视图；
图6是进一步示出启动场的灯和接近开关组件的立体图；
图7是示出当用户手指沿对角线横跨开关时与图3所示接近开关关联的信号响应的曲线图；以及
图8是根据另一个实施例的具有替代接近开关布置的灯和开关组件的正视图。
具体实施方式
本实用新型的具体实施例按要求在此公开，然而，应当理解，在此公开的实施例仅为本实用新型的示例，其能够以各种替代方式实施。附图不一定是具体设计；可对一些图表放大或缩小以显示功能概况。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应视为限定，而仅作为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种方式应用本实用新型的代表性基础。
参照图1和图2，根据一个实施例，机动车10的车厢内部总体被示出具有装配在顶置控制台12上的一对灯和开关组件20以及多个接近开关24。车辆10通常包括装配至车厢顶部的顶盖或顶蓬下侧的车顶盖内饰板的顶置控制台12，其通常位于前排乘坐区上方。每一对灯和开关组件20均提供了集成装配的灯和接近开关22，用于启动光源从而开/关灯。每个灯和接近开关组件20均包括具有透光窗的灯玻璃32、设置在灯玻璃后部以透过灯玻璃的透明窗照明的光源、以及具有一个或多个接近传感器的接近开关22，接近传感器靠近灯玻璃的透明窗的***设置并生成邻近灯玻璃的透光区域的启动场来感测接近开关的启动从而控制光源的启动。在所示实施例中，接近开关22整体装配为灯组件的一部分，其中，灯玻璃的透明窗充当感测垫。用户可接触感测垫或接近感测垫而由启动场进行检测。然而，应当理解，接近开关22可以独立于灯组件进行装配，利用其自身的感测垫并可控制多个设备或功能中的任一个。
用户可通过启动与灯和开关组件20整体装配的接近开关来启动光源。根据一个实施例，该灯可充当内部地图/阅读灯来为车辆10提供内部照明。灯和开关组件20还可充当顶灯以在车辆10内部提供照明。应当理解，该灯还可用于其它用途而为车辆内部提供照明，并且灯和开关组件20可位于车辆10的其它位置。例如，灯和开关组件20可位于车顶盖内饰板、遮阳板、把手、中控台或车辆10上的其它位置。
根据一个实施例，配置在每个灯和开关组件20中的每个接近开关22在此示出和描述为电容开关。每个接近开关22均包括提供感测启动场以感测与接近传感器紧密关联的物体(如用户的手指)的接触或接近(如用户手指的敲击动作)的接近传感器。因此，在该示例性实施例中，每个接近开关的接近传感器生成的感测启动场均为电容场，并且用户的手指具有在感测启动场中引起变化或干扰的导电性和介电性，这对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。然而，本领域的技术人员还应当理解，可以采用其它或替代类型的接近传感器，例如但不限于电感传感器、光学传感器、温度传感器、电阻传感器等或它们的组合。示例性接近传感器在2009年4月9日的出版号为10620D-AT42-04/09的
Figure BDA00003405255900051
Touch Sensors DesignGuide(ATMEL触摸传感器设计指南)中已有描述，其全部内容结合于此作为参考。
多个接近开关24还被示出通常彼此紧靠布置在顶置控制台12上。不同的接近开关24可控制多个车辆设备和功能中的任一个，例如控制天窗16的移动、控制天窗遮板18的移动、控制一个或多个照明设备的启动以及控制多种其它设备和功能。虽然具有接近开关22的灯和开关组件20和接近开关24被示出位于顶置控制台12上，但是应当理解，组件20、接近开关22和接近开关24可位于车辆10上的其它位置，诸如位于仪表板中、其它控制台(如中控台)上、整合到广播或信息娱乐***(如导航或音频显示)的触摸屏显示器中、或者根据不同车辆应用位于车辆10内部的其它位置。
根据一个实施例，接近开关24在此被示出和描述为电容开关。每个接近开关22均包括一个或多个接近传感器，其提供感测启动场以感测用户相对于一个或多个接近传感器的接触或接近，例如用户手指的敲击动作。因此，在该示例性实施例中，每个接近开关24的感测启动场均为电容场，并且用户的手指具有在感测启动场中引起变化或干扰的导电性和介电性，这对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。
参照图3和图4，所示灯和开关组件20通常具有由透明材料制成并整体模制为顶置控制台12的一部分的灯玻璃32。灯玻璃的透明窗32是透光的，以允许可见光波穿过透明窗。灯或光源30设置在灯玻璃32的透明窗上方从而透过灯玻璃32的透明窗进行照明。根据一个实施例，光源30可包括安装至电路板的发光二极管(LED)。根据其它实施例，可采用其它光源，如白炽灯泡或一种或多种光源的组合。根据一个实施例，灯玻璃32可整体成形为顶置控制台12的一部分并具有形成在其中的透明窗。在该实施例中，透明窗可模制为顶置控制台12的一部分或成形为形成顶置控制台12的聚合材料。根据其它实施例，灯玻璃32可成形为独立部件并装配至顶置控制台12。在此类实施例中，灯玻璃32可通过紧固件、粘合剂或其它安装连接固定安装至顶置控制台12，并且通常不会相对于顶置控制台12移动。
灯和接近开关组件20包括设置在灯玻璃32的透明窗的外周附近的接近开关22。根据一个实施例，接近开关22具有接近传感器23，其用于生成邻近透明窗32的启动场26以感测接近开关22的启动从而控制光源30的启动。在所示实施例中，接近开关22具有单个接近传感器23，其配置成在灯玻璃32的四周延伸以基本包围灯玻璃32的透明窗。在该实施例中，如图3和图4所示，接近开关22基本包围灯玻璃32，以生成通常基本横跨灯玻璃32的整个下表面并处于灯玻璃32下方的启动场26。在其它实施例中，接近传感器23可以在感测垫的两侧或三侧上延伸。
根据一个实施例，接近传感器23被涂覆为灯玻璃32的***周围示为顶置控制台12的上侧的基板上的导电油墨。导电油墨形成电极40和50，它们用于提供产生启动场26的电容。应当理解，可采用其它形式的电容传感器来生成启动场26。应当理解，由接近开关22生成的启动场26在灯玻璃32的透明窗下方延伸，使物体(如用户的手指28、手或身体其它部分)能够进入启动场26来开/关光源30。当物体(如手指28)与感测垫(如灯玻璃32)下方的启动场26充分作用时，会在启动场26中检测到干扰，从而开始启动接近开关22，以便开启或关闭光源30。
参照图3、图5和图6，根据一个实施例示出了接近传感器23的电极结构。传感器23包括具有向内延伸的齿或板42的外电极40和具有向外延伸的齿或板52的内电极50。电极齿42与电极齿52交叉，从而在外电极40与内电极50之间提供电容耦合。电容耦合产生启动场26。如本文所述，多个交叉状电极齿42和电极齿52具有不同的长度并且在交叉的齿间具有不同间距，从而将启动场26配置成减小对附近其它接近开关24的干扰。
所示外电极40基本围绕内电极50，并且内电极50和外电极40都围绕充当感测垫的灯玻璃32的透明窗的外周。外电极40连接至第一信号线62，而内电极50连接至第二信号线60。在信号线60和信号线62的其中一条上施加脉冲驱动输入信号(如电压)，并且在信号线60和信号线62中的另一条上接收到与电容成比例的输出电压。输入电压在内电极和外电极中的一个上提供电荷耦合，而内电极和外电极中的另一个提供表明内电极50和外电极40之间的电容耦合的信号。输出信号和输入信号可以由控制电路(如控制器)进行处理，以确定是否有物体(如用户的手指)与启动场26充分作用来启动接近开关22。
接近开关22采用设置在感测垫(示出为灯玻璃32)的外周附近的接近传感器23，并生成临近感测垫的启动场26。接近传感器包括具有不同长度和间距的多个交叉状电极齿。如该实施例所示，沿着电极40和50中位于邻近附近的接近开关24的灯玻璃32左下侧的部分的交叉状电极齿42和52具有第一长度并在它们之间具有第一间距。在无接近开关在附近干扰启动场26的灯玻璃32的右上侧，交叉状电极齿42和52的长度和之间的间距更大。位于右上侧的电极齿52和42的第二长度L和交叉电极齿之间的第二间距S基本大于左下侧处的第一长度和第一间距，从而制造出长度和间距变化的电极结构。通过改变电极齿42和52的长度和间距可使启动场26以下述方式成形：其不会由感测垫或灯玻璃32延伸至干扰邻近接近开关24的过远位置，并由于在相反侧上交叉齿具有较大长度和间距而仍能提供横跨整个感测垫或灯玻璃32的足够的覆盖范围。
应当理解，启动场26通常被约束在灯玻璃32的透明窗下方的区域中，使其不会干扰附近的接近开关24。附近的接近开关24被示出邻近灯组件20装配至顶置控制台12。每个接近开关24均具有可通过将导电墨水印制到基板(如聚合控制台12的上表面)上来成形的接近传感器25。应当理解，接近传感器25可通过其它方式成形为预装配垫。接近开关24设置在足够远离灯和开关组件20和开关22的位置处。
在所示实施例中，接近传感器23设置在感测垫或灯玻璃32的外周附近，使得接近传感器基本包围感测垫或灯玻璃32。因此，接近传感器23和电极40、电极50围绕感测垫或灯玻璃32的左侧、右侧、上侧和下侧延伸。应当理解，可采用具有不同形状并沿着感测垫的两侧或多侧延伸的其它感测垫结构和电极结构。此外，应当理解，根据另一个实施例，接近传感器23可以在灯玻璃32上成形。
根据一个实例，长度较短的电极齿可具有长度为1毫米的第一长度，而长度较长的电极齿可具有长度为8毫米的第二长度。长度较短的电极齿之间的间距为1毫米，而长度较长的电极齿之间的间距为5毫米。此外，电极齿或板的厚度可以不同，使得具有更近的间距的较短电极齿比具有更长长度和更大间距的电极齿更薄。根据一个实例，相较于4mm厚的具有更长长度和更大间距的电极齿，较短电极齿可具有1毫米的厚度。
参照图7，示出了由接近传感器生成的信号响应70，该信号响应将电容输出示出为“Δ计数值”，其在用户由图5所示接近开关22的左下侧(角)沿对角线向接近开关22的右上侧(角)滑过手指时作为相对于感测垫中心的距离的函数。当手指接近左下角的启动场时，“Δ计数值”随着手指移向中心而增加并在交叉齿的中心附近达到峰值，然后在手指继续移向中心时缓降至较低值。在中心处，启动信号具有足够的强度以允许用户启动开关。当手指继续由中心向右上角移动时，信号缓慢回升并在交叉状齿附近达到峰值，此后，随着手指到达并越过右上角继续移动，信号缓慢下降。如本实例所示，长度短间距小的电极齿产生的较小信号将启动场约束在不会干扰附近开关的较小区域内，而长度长间距大的电极齿提供的较大信号具有足以覆盖右上侧所示较大感测垫的较大覆盖区域。
参照图8，根据第二个实施例，灯和开关组件20被示出具有以替代结构构造的开关22和传感器23。在该实施例中，传感器23包括配置有交叉状电极齿42和52的外电极40和内电极50，交叉状电极齿42和52分别具有沿灯玻璃32或感测垫的每一侧线性变化的长度和间距。从传感器22的左下角开始，电极齿42和52的长度和间距在朝向灯玻璃32右下方的方向上增加，并在灯玻璃32左侧由下向上增加。同样地，电极齿42和52的长度在灯玻璃32上方由左上侧向右侧增加，在灯玻璃32右侧由右下侧向右上侧增加。交叉状电极齿42、52的长度和它们之间的间距的改变示出为在尺寸上沿灯玻璃32的每一侧连续增加。然而，应当理解，根据其它实施例，电极齿42、52的长度和它们之间的间距的改变可通过其它方式配置。
因此，接近开关22配置为具有长度和间距不同的多个交叉状电极齿，从而将启动场配置成防止对附近的开关或传感器造成干扰。电极齿的长度和它们之间的间距的差异尤其适用于较大感测垫，例如当被用作用于启动整体嵌入灯组件中的灯的传感器或开关时。然而，应当理解，接近开关22可用于其它开关，尤其对在附近具有能够产生潜在干扰的相邻开关或传感器的较大开关。
应该理解，在不背离本实用新型内容的情况下，可以对上述结构进行变化和修改，并且可以进一步理解，除非另外指定，否则这些内容被权利要求所覆盖。

Claims (20)

1.一种接近开关，其特征在于，包括： 
感测垫；以及 
设置在所述感测垫的外周附近并生成临近所述感测垫的启动场的接近传感器，所述接近传感器包括具有不同长度和间距的多个交叉状电极齿。 
2.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其特征在于，所述多个交叉状电极齿包括交叉并电连接以生成所述启动场的第一电极齿和第二电极齿。 
3.根据权利要求2所述的接近开关，其特征在于，所述多个交叉状电极齿在所述感测垫的第一侧和第二侧延伸，其中，位于所述感测垫的第一侧的所述第一电极齿和所述第二电极齿具有第一长度和第一间距，而位于所述感测垫的第二侧的所述第一电极齿和所述第二电极齿具有第二长度和第二间距，其中，所述第二长度大于所述第一长度，所述第二间距大于所述第一间距。 
4.根据权利要求3所述的接近开关，其特征在于，所述第一侧与所述第二侧相对。 
5.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其特征在于，所述多个交叉状电极齿由一侧的一端延伸至相对端，位于所述一端的电极齿具有第一长度和第一间距，而位于所述相对端的电极齿具有第二长度和第二间距，其中，所述第二长度大于所述第一长度，所述第二间距大于所述第一间距。 
6.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其特征在于，一个或多个所述接近传感器包围所述感测垫的外周。 
7.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其特征在于，所述接近开关应用在车辆上。 
8.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其特征在于，所述接近传感器包括电容传感器。 
9.根据权利要求1所述的接近开关，其特征在于，所述接近开关被配置为包括具有透明窗的灯玻璃和设置成透过所述灯玻璃的透明窗照明的光源的组件，其中，所述透明窗包括所述感测垫。 
10.一种接近开关，其特征在于，包括： 
感测垫；以及 
设置在所述感测垫的外周附近、包括与外电极齿交叉并且电连接至所述外电极齿的内电极齿以生成临近所述感测垫的启动场的接近传感器，其中，所述内电极齿和所述外电极齿在所述感测垫的一侧相较于在所述感测垫的另一侧具有不同的长度和间距。 
11.根据权利要求10所述的接近开关，其特征在于，所述接近开关包括电容传感器，并且所述启动场包括电容场。 
12.根据权利要求10所述的接近开关，其特征在于，在所述感测垫的一侧，所述内电极齿和所述外电极齿具有第一长度并且所述内电极齿和所述外电极齿之间具有第一间距，在临近所述感测垫的另一侧，所述内电极齿和所述外电极齿具有第二长度并且所述内电极齿和所述外电极齿之间具有第二间距，其中，所述第二长度大于所述第一长度，所述第二间距大于所述第一间距。 
13.一种灯和接近开关组件，其特征在于，包括： 
灯玻璃，具有透明窗； 
设置为透过所述灯玻璃的透明窗照明的光源；以及 
设置在所述透明窗的外周附近并生成临近所述透明窗的启动场的接近传感器，所述接近传感器包括具有不同长度和间距的多个交叉状电极齿。 
14.根据权利要求13所述的灯和接近开关组件，其特征在于，所述多个交叉状电极齿包括交叉并电连接以生成所述启动场的第一电极齿和第二电极齿。 
15.根据权利要求14所述的灯和接近开关组件，其特征在于，所述多个交叉状电极齿在感测垫的第一侧和第二侧延伸，所述第一电极齿和所述第二电极齿在所述感测垫的第一侧具有第一长度和第一间距，所述第一电极齿和所述第二电极齿在所述感测垫的第二侧具有第二长度和第二间距，其中所述第二长度大于所述第一长度，所述第二间距大于所述第一间距。 
16.根据权利要求15所述的灯和接近开关组件，其特征在于，所述第一侧与所述第二侧相对。 
17.根据权利要求13所述的灯和接近开关组件，其特征在于，所述多个交叉状电极齿由一侧的一端延伸至相对端，位于所述一端的电极齿具有第一长度和第一间距，而位于所述相对端的电极齿具有第二长度和第二间距，其中，所述第二长度大于所述第一长度，所述第二间距大于所述第一间距。 
18.根据权利要求13所述的灯和接近开关组件，其特征在于，所述接近传感器包围所述透明窗的外周。 
19.根据权利要求13所述的灯和接近开关组件，其特征在于，所述灯和接近开关组件应用在车辆上。 
20.根据权利要求13所述的灯和接近开关组件，其特征在于，所述接近传感器包括电容传感器。 
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