CN1670318A - 作业机械的液压控制装置 - Google Patents

作业机械的液压控制装置 Download PDF

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CN1670318A
CN1670318A CNA2005100551537A CN200510055153A CN1670318A CN 1670318 A CN1670318 A CN 1670318A CN A2005100551537 A CNA2005100551537 A CN A2005100551537A CN 200510055153 A CN200510055153 A CN 200510055153A CN 1670318 A CN1670318 A CN 1670318A
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valve
hydraulic
control
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centre
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CN100357531C (zh
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田路浩
冈秀和
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Kobelco Construction Machinery Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F15B20/008Valve failure
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2225Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves
    • E02F9/2228Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using pressure-compensating valves including an electronic controller
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2221Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements
    • E02F9/2232Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps
    • E02F9/2235Control of flow rate; Load sensing arrangements using one or more variable displacement pumps including an electronic controller
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/226Safety arrangements, e.g. hydraulic driven fans, preventing cavitation, leakage, overheating
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2278Hydraulic circuits
    • E02F9/2282Systems using center bypass type changeover valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/02Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member
    • F15B11/04Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed
    • F15B11/042Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in"
    • F15B11/0423Systems essentially incorporating special features for controlling the speed or actuating force of an output member for controlling the speed by means in the feed line, i.e. "meter in" by controlling pump output or bypass, other than to maintain constant speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546Type of pump variable capacity
    • F15B2211/20553Type of pump variable capacity with pilot circuit, e.g. for controlling a swash plate
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
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    • F15B2211/3056Assemblies of multiple valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3122Special positions other than the pump port being connected to working ports or the working ports being connected to the return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3122Special positions other than the pump port being connected to working ports or the working ports being connected to the return line
    • F15B2211/3127Floating position connecting the working ports and the return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/32Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/329Directional control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/405Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve
    • F15B2211/40515Flow control characterised by the type of flow control means or valve with variable throttles or orifices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/415Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/41563Flow control characterised by the connections of the flow control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/42Flow control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/428Flow control characterised by the type of actuation actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/40Flow control
    • F15B2211/45Control of bleed-off flow, e.g. control of bypass flow to the return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50536Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using unloading valves controlling the supply pressure by diverting fluid to the return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/515Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit
    • F15B2211/5151Pressure control characterised by the connections of the pressure control means in the circuit being connected to a pressure source and a directional control valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/55Pressure control for limiting a pressure up to a maximum pressure, e.g. by using a pressure relief valve
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
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    • F15B2211/6652Control of the pressure source, e.g. control of the swash plate angle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
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    • F15B2211/6654Flow rate control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053Double-acting output members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明的作业机械的液压控制装置备有:多个液压致动器、作为液压致动器的液压源的液压泵、基于操作机构的操作来对各致动器的动作进行控制的多个控制阀、基于操作机构的操作,通过卸荷通路使得从液压泵排出的油的多余部分返回到油箱中的统一溢流阀、对统一溢流阀进行控制的控制机构。进而,在统一溢流阀上设置有在该统一溢流阀的动作停止状态下关闭卸荷通路的位置,另一方面,在各控制阀上设置有中立旁通通路,所述中立旁通通路作为在该控制阀的中立状态下打开的单独溢流通路,控制阀的开口特性设定为:通过控制机构使得该中立旁通通路在朝向控制阀的动作位置的行程初期关闭。由此,可用统一溢流阀的电子控制方式,且即使在控制***失效时也可继续进行作业。

Description

作业机械的液压控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及液压挖掘机等的作业机械的液压控制装置。
背景技术
在液压挖掘机中需进行溢流控制,即、使来自泵的排出油的一部分(多余部分)返回到油箱中。一般来说,该控制通过使溢流通路的开口面积与操作机构的操作量相对应地变化而进行,所述溢流通路设在各个致动器的控制阀上。因为设置该通路,所以该阀在阀芯轴方向上相应地变长,从而提高了成本并不利于组装。
与之相对,在有的公知技术中不设置该通路,而在多个控制阀上设置共用的统一溢流阀,并采用电子控制方式进行控制、即、使用液压控制阀作为统一溢流阀,利用由控制器控制的电磁比例阀的二次压力来对该统一溢流阀进行控制(例如特开平11-303809号公报)。
根据该方式,尽管与将相应于操作量的控制压力直接送到统一溢流阀的液压控制方式相比,具有控制的自由度较高的优点,但是若产生控制***的异常情况(失效),例如电磁比例阀本身的故障或从控制器向电磁比例阀送出控制信号的信号***的断线等,则此时溢流阀处于最大开口位置,泵排出油都被卸荷,机械的动作完全停止。其结果,产生现场的作业不能进行且机械意外停机等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种作业机械的液压控制装置,其采用统一溢流阀的电子控制方式,且即使在控制***失效时也可继续进行作业。
本发明的作业机械的液压控制装置具有以下的基本构成。
即、备有:多个液压致动器、作为液压致动器的液压源的液压泵、基于操作机构的操作来对各致动器的动作进行控制的多个控制阀、基于操作机构的操作,通过卸荷通路使得从液压泵排出的油的多余部分返回到油箱中的统一溢流阀、对统一溢流阀进行控制的控制机构。进而,在统一溢流阀中设有在该统一溢流阀的动作停止状态下关闭卸荷通路的位置,另一方面,在各控制阀上设置有中立旁通通路,所述中立旁通通路作为在该控制阀的中立状态下打开的单独溢流通路,控制阀的开口特性设定为:通过控制机构使得该中立旁通通路在朝向控制阀的动作位置的行程的初期即关闭。
根据本发明,在统一溢流阀失效时关闭该阀并确保油向致动器的供给,并且通过各控制阀的中立旁通通路仍可确保溢流作用(卸荷作用)。
且,该控制阀的单独溢流通路即中立旁通通路的开口面积为在阀的行程初期进行关闭所需要的最小限度的开口面积。因此,可充分实现设置统一溢流阀的本来目的:减少阀芯长度并使阀实现简洁化。
即、可采用统一溢流阀的电子控制方式,且即使在控制***失效时也可继续进行作业。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施方式的回路构成图。
图2是表示该实施方式的控制阀的回动弹簧的弹簧特性的图。
图3是表示该实施方式中的控制阀及统一溢流阀的开口特性与泵排出量特性的图。
具体实施方式
基于图1~图3来说明本发明的液压控制装置。
在以下的实施方式中,以用统一溢流阀对3个液压致动器1、2、3进行溢流控制的情况为例进行说明。
如图1所示,各致动器1、2、3分别经由液压控制式的控制阀7、8、9而连接在可变容量型的液压泵10上,通过作为操作机构的遥控阀4、5、6来对所述控制阀7、8、9进行操作。
控制阀7~9相对于液压泵10及油箱T而相互并联地连接,通过该控制阀7~9来单独地控制各致动器1~3的动作。
在各控制阀7~9中,设有在中立位置打开且作为单独溢流通路的中立旁通通路11···。该中立旁通通路11···经由将各控制阀7~9串联连接的中立旁通管线12而连接在油箱T上。
即、构成为,通过中立旁通通路11···来确保各致动器的单独溢流作用。
如图2的实线A所示,使各控制阀7~9中立回复的回动弹簧13构成为二级弹簧:在中立旁通通路11关闭之前的行程初期(从行程0到S1为止的期间)弹簧力(准确地说是弹簧力相对于阀芯行程的变化率)较小,中立旁通通路11关闭后(从行程S1到最大行程Smax为止)的弹簧力变大。
图2中的双点划线B表示通常的回动弹簧的弹簧特性。该弹簧特性根据图2可知,从最小阀芯行程0到最大阀芯行程Smax为止,弹簧力呈直线状变化。
另一方面,如图1所示,在液压泵10的排出一侧管路与油箱T之间设有统一溢流管路14。在该统一溢流管路14中设有液压控制式的统一溢流阀15,用于一并对各致动器1~3进行溢流控制。
该统一溢流阀15具有开口面积最大的卸荷位置(最大开口位置)x与开口面积为0的堵塞位置y,在该两位置x、y之间进行溢流控制。
在该统一溢流阀15中,设有作为非动作(中立)位置的失效保护位置z。构成为,在失效保护位置z,卸荷通路处于全闭状态(开口面积为0)。
在该统一溢流阀15的控制管线16中设有被控制器17控制的电磁比例阀18。该电磁比例阀18的二次压力作为控制压力而被供给到统一溢流阀15的控制端口。
即、通过控制器17与电磁比例阀18来构成控制机构。通过该控制机构来控制统一溢流阀15。
对液压泵10的排出量(倾转程度(倾转角))进行控制的泵调节器19由电磁比例式的调节器控制阀20来控制。通过来自控制器17的、基于遥控阀4~6的操作的信号来控制该调节器控制阀20。即、基于遥控阀4~6的操作的操作信号被送到控制器17,通过来自控制器17的信号来控制调节器控制阀20。
即、遥控阀4~6的操作量越大则泵排出量越增加,通过这种正控制来控制液压泵10。
在该情况下,在进行复合操作、即、对遥控阀4~6中的二个以上同时地进行操作时,可以构成为基于最大操作量的遥控阀的操作信号来进行泵控制,也可以构成为基于特定的遥控阀的操作信号来进行泵控制。
21是成为电磁比例阀18、20共用的液压源的辅助液压泵,22是安全阀。
在该构成中,在正常工作时,若操作遥控阀4~6,则基于其操作信号而从控制器17将信号输出到调节器控制阀20及电磁比例阀18。通过正控制方式,泵排出量与遥控阀4~6的操作量相对应地变化,并且统一溢流阀15在卸荷位置x与堵塞位置y之间动作,由此使溢流流量变化。
另一方面,若例如发生连结控制器17与电磁比例阀18的控制***的断线等异常情况(失效),而导致不能控制电磁比例阀18时,在现有技术中,统一溢流阀15会停止在卸荷位置x而导致泵排出量的绝大部分都返回到油箱T中,而在本发明的实施方式的装置中,统一溢流阀15停止在失效保护位置z。
在该状态下,因为统一溢流阀15的卸荷通路处于全闭状态,所以在失效时也可确保油对致动器回路的供给。
此时,通过各控制阀7~9的中立旁通通路11···来进行对各致动器1~3的溢流作用。
即、在统一溢流阀15失效时关闭该阀15而确保油对各致动器1~3的供给,并且通过各控制阀7~9仍可确保溢流作用(卸荷作用)。
可是,若使各控制阀7~9确保具有所需的充分的溢流功能,则会使其阀芯的轴向长度变大而导致各控制阀7~9大型化。因此,不能实现设置统一溢流阀15的本来目的、即、实现该阀7~9的简洁化。
于是,在本实施方式的装置中,含有中立旁通通路11···的控制阀7~9及统一溢流阀15的开口特性、和遥控阀4~6的操作量两者的关系如图3所示地设定。
即、在控制阀7~9处于中立位置时(遥控阀4~6的操作量为0时),中立旁通通路11处于全开状态。从该状态(全开)操作遥控阀4~6而使控制阀7~9的阀芯开始行程动作时,中立旁通通路11马上关闭。
然后,在即将关闭该中立旁通通路11之前,统一溢流阀14从失效保护位置z切换到卸荷位置x,卸荷通路打开到最大开口面积,在到堵塞位置y为止的期间内进行统一溢流控制。
这样,进行单独溢流作用的控制阀7~9的中立旁通通路11,其开口面积设定为在该控制阀7~9的行程初期进行关闭所需的最小限度的开口面积。因此,可充分实现设置统一溢流阀15的本来目的、即、减小控制阀7~9的阀芯长度并实现该阀7~9的简洁化。
在即将关闭控制阀7~9的中立旁通通路11之前,打开统一溢流阀15的卸荷通路。因此,不间断且可靠地进行该阀15的本来的溢流控制。
进而,在该实施方式中得到以下的作用效果。
(1)如上所述,各控制阀7~9的回动弹簧13构成为二级弹簧(参照图2)。因此,在操作遥控阀4~6时,控制阀7~9的中立旁通通路11从全开到全闭是瞬间地变化的。由此,由统一溢流阀15所进行的溢流控制的开始之前的时间损失可以被消除。
(2)如图3所示,在未操作遥控阀4~6的状态下(非操作状态:控制阀7~9的中立状态),泵排出量为最小、即、通过控制器17对泵调节器19进行控制,使泵排出量为备用流量(最小流量)Qs。
因此,可以进一步减小控制阀7~9的中立旁通通路11的开口面积,使控制阀7~9进一步简洁化。
另外,如上所述,本发明适用于采用根据遥控阀4~6的操作量而变化泵排出量的正控制方式的情况,但也适用于不采用正控制方式的情况(例如采用使泵排出量一直为最大的控制方式的情况)。
尽管根据优选实施方式及附图对本发明进行了描述,但在不脱离本发明的权利要求所述的范围内可进行种种同等的应用及变形。

Claims (4)

1.一种作业机械的液压控制装置,备有:
多个液压致动器;
作为上述液压致动器的液压源的液压泵;
基于操作机构的操作来对上述各致动器的动作进行控制的多个控制阀;
基于上述操作机构的操作,通过卸荷通路使得从上述液压泵排出的油的多余部分返回到油箱中的统一溢流阀;
对上述统一溢流阀进行控制的控制机构;
在上述统一溢流阀中设有在该统一溢流阀的动作停止状态下关闭卸荷通路的位置,另一方面,在各控制阀上设置有中立旁通通路,所述中立旁通通路作为在该控制阀的中立状态下打开的单独溢流通路,控制阀的开口特性设定为:通过上述控制机构使得该中立旁通通路在朝向控制阀的动作位置的行程的初期即关闭。
2.如权利要求1所述的作业机械的液压控制装置,其特征在于,统一溢流阀的开口特性设定为:在上述控制阀的中立旁通通路即将关闭之前打开统一溢流阀的卸荷通路。
3.如权利要求1所述的作业机械的液压控制装置,其特征在于,使上述控制阀中立回复的回动弹簧构成为二级弹簧,即、在中立旁通通路关闭之前的行程初期,弹簧力较小,而在关闭中立旁通通路后,弹簧力变大。
4.如权利要求1所述的作业机械的液压控制装置,其特征在于,使用通过泵调节器来控制排出量的可变容量型的液压泵作为上述液压泵,上述控制机构构成为:对上述泵调节器进行控制,使得在操作机构的非操作状态下泵排出量为备用流量。
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