CN1225412A - 排气净化装置 - Google Patents

排气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN1225412A
CN1225412A CN98123083A CN98123083A CN1225412A CN 1225412 A CN1225412 A CN 1225412A CN 98123083 A CN98123083 A CN 98123083A CN 98123083 A CN98123083 A CN 98123083A CN 1225412 A CN1225412 A CN 1225412A
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exhaust gas
catalyst
piece installing
control valve
exhaust
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CN1106501C (zh
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关田孝人
草光男
加藤广
铃木健铺
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2875—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration by using elastic means, e.g. spring leaves, for retaining catalyst body in the housing
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Abstract

一种排气净化装置包括一与排气管连接的阀室,该阀室具有一用于改变排气管中排气通道的开口面积的控制阀,至少有一部分控制阀载有触媒。因此,本发明可防止发动机的运行或功能受到沉积在发动机排气***中的控制阀上的碳粒子的不利作用,并改进了发动机的排气净化。

Description

排气净化装置
本发明涉及一种用于发动机的排气净化装置，特别是涉及一种其圆柱形载装件上有许多在其壁上开的孔，并装有一触媒，同时将圆柱形载装件***排气管中的排气净化装置，本发明还进一步涉及一种装在发动机上的排气装置，该发动机有一用于控制排气的控制阀。
在传统的这类排气净化装置中，触媒载装件在排气管中如下固定：如由未经审查的日本专利公报No.85316/1991所公开的那样，载装件焊在排气管的外筒上；或如未经审查的日本专利公报No.229913/1991所公开的那样，在载装件的外表面上装有一用薄板做成的桥形构件，载装件则通过桥形构件***外筒中。
当载装件由于触媒的催化作用而受热时，就膨胀。因此，在一个用焊接将其触媒载装件固定在排气管的外筒上的排气净化装置中，在焊接部分要产生很大的热应力，从而使载装件和外筒变形并将其损坏。如果载装件的焊接部分被触媒污染，那么它就很难充分地焊在外筒上。因此，在将触媒装在载装件上时，必须对要焊接的部分进行掩蔽。这是相当麻烦的。
如上所述，在一个用桥形构件将其触媒载装件固定在排气管的外筒上的这类排气净化装置中，桥形构件是用薄板材料制成的。因此，很难以高精度将载装件装在外筒上，同时也难于为载装件提供一个大得足以使载装件热膨胀并将其放置在适当位置上的上紧区。此外，当载装件反复受热时，上紧区可能会松动。还有，在此装置中，触媒不仅装在载装件上，而且也装在桥形构件上，这是不经济的。
另一方面，在现有技术中，已知有一种发动机，在它的排气***中装有一个控制阀，以改变发动机的输出特性或排气特性。在这方面，举例来说，已经由未经审查的日本实用新型专利公报No.72925/1985公开了一种发动机输出调整装置，其设计如下：在与发动机的排气口相连的排气管的一部分上设置有一个腔，在该腔中装有一可旋转的蝶阀，在所述阀与所述腔之间有间隙。阀的操作(开启与关闭)与节气门联在一起。
上述的装在排气阀中的控制阀有下列问题：排气中所含的碳粒子易于沾在控制阀上，在最坏的时候，沾在上面的碳粒子妨碍控制阀的工作，并且改变阀体与排气管之间的间隙，对控制阀的功能起着不利的作用。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种发动机的排气***，它能防止由沉积在控制阀上的碳粒子引起的对工作或功能的不利作用。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种发动机的排气***，用以吸收载装件的热膨胀和振动。
本发明的一个方面是提供一种排气净化装置，它包括：一与排气管连接的阀室，该阀室有一用于改变排气管中排气通道的开口面积的控制阀，至少有一部分控制阀载有触媒。
此外，本发明的另一个方面是提供一种发动机中的排气净化装置，它包括一装在与发动机的排气口连通的排气通道中的控制阀，以改变排气通道中的开口面积；在排气通道中，控制阀至少有一部分阀体装有稀有金属触媒。
在本发明的排气净化装置中，载装件通过弹性元件可滑动地装在排气管的外筒上。因此，载装件在受热时可相对于外筒自由膨胀，因而在载装件与外筒之间不会产生热应力。那种可能由排出气体的流动而产生的载装件的振动可有效地被弹性元件吸收。
载装件可以靠弹性元件的弹性力在外筒中沿径向和轴向都固定在适当的位置上；也就是说，它决不会在外筒中摇摆。
此外，载装件并不焊接在外筒上。这样就消除了在向载装件加触媒以前要将焊接部分予以掩蔽的麻烦工作，并消除了这样一个缺点，即触媒要受到焊接热的不利影响。
根据本发明，阀体的周边部分的温度由于贵金属触媒的催化作用而升高，以防止碳粒子沾在阀体上。其结果是，防止发动机的工作或功能受到碳粒子的不利作用。因此，当排出气体通过阀体时，那些还没有被燃净的排气部分的燃烧就可以由于贵金属触媒的催化作用而加速。
下面参照附图描述本发明的较佳实施例，以更加清楚地了解本发明的上述和其它的目的、特征和优点，图中：
图1是侧视图，示出了装有排气净化装置的一个实施例的两轮摩托车，该净化***构成了本发明的一个实施例；
图2仅示出了两轮摩托车的排气***的放大图；
图3是图2所示排气净化装置的放大的剖视图；
图4是沿图3中的Ⅳ-Ⅳ线剖开的剖视图；
图5是沿图3中的Ⅴ-Ⅴ线剖开的剖视图；
图6是表示本发明另一个实施例的排气管的纵向剖视图；
图7也是排气管的纵向剖视图，它与图6相对应，示出了本发明的另一个实施例；
图8也是排气管的纵向剖视图，它与图6相对应，示出了本发明的另一个实施例；
图9是沿图3中的Ⅶ-Ⅶ线剖开的剖视图；
图10是本发明另一实施例的放大的剖视图，它与图3相对应；
图11是图10所示控制阀在完全关闭时的透视图；以及
图12是控制阀在完全开启时的透视图。
图1是一侧视图，示出了装有按照本发明的排气净化装置的两轮摩托车。在图1中，参考标号1代表一两轮摩托车的车身骨架，它包括：主架4，它从前管3倾斜地向下延伸；后架5，它从主架4的后端倾斜地向上延伸；以及座梁6，它从主架4的中间向后延伸并与后架5的后端连接。
在两轮摩托车车身的前端，前叉8垂直地延伸，并与前管3铰接。前叉8可用一把手7转动。前轮9可转动地装在前叉8的下端部分上。后叉11通过一销轴10装在主架4的后(下)端部上，其方式为，它能垂直地摆动。后轮12通过后轴13可转动地装在后叉11的后端部上。在后叉11与座梁6之间联有一后吸振器14。发动机15装在前轮9与后轮12之间；更具体一些，它装在主架4上。无端传动链19绕过装在发动机15的输出轴16上的主动链轮17和装在后轴13上的从动链轮18，以使后轮12能通过传动链19由发动机15驱动。
两轮摩托车的车身上罩有一流线型罩20和一后两轮摩托车车身罩21。更具体一些，两轮摩托车车身的前面与两侧都罩有流线型罩20，而摩托车车身的后面则罩以后摩托车车身罩21。在图1中，参考标号22代表一油箱；标号23代表车座；标号24代表一装在发动机15前面的散热器。
发动机是一个两冲程发动机，它的带化油器25的吸气***与在曲轴箱27中形成的曲轴室相通。另一方面，它的排气***29与气缸28的排气口相连。排气***29在发动机15的前方往下延伸，向后弯曲并进一步地在发动机15的下方延伸，然后倾斜向上地在后轮12的侧面延伸。排气***29在摩托车车身的后端有一出口。排气***29由排气管30、膨胀管31、连接管32、***33和一与气缸28相连的排放管34按所述顺序组成。
图2是一表示排气***29的放大图。如图2所示，用于净化排气的催化转换器35装在膨胀管31的内部。用于加速催化转换器35中的催化作用的二次空气从一二次空气供应管36供向靠近气缸排气口的排气管30上游部分中的排气。二次空气供应管36通过一法兰37与排气管30(参看图3)相连。二次空气供应管36在其装有一片簧阀38的上游端有一空气入口。当排气管30中的压力为负时，片簧阀38就开启，从而使外面的空气作为二次空气通过二次空气供应管36输入排气管30。
排气管30分成两部分；即上游侧部分30a和下游侧部分30b。在这两部分30a和30b的接头处形成一阀室42。图3是一详细地表示阀室42的放大图。阀室42牢牢地固定在排气管30的上游侧部分30a的端部，并在其与上游侧部分30a相连的另一端相反的一端有一法兰43。法兰43用螺栓45固定在法兰44上，法兰44固定在排气管30的下游侧部分30b上。这样，排气管30的上游侧部分30a和下游侧部分30b就联接在一起。
在阀室42的内部装有一控制(开启与关闭)阀46，以改变排气通道的开口面积。控制阀46包括一旋转滑阀杆47，它沿直径方向伸入阀室42；以及一圆盘形阀体48，它固定地安装在阀杆47上。也就是说，控制阀46是一个蝶形类的阀，并可以促使完全地将排气通道关闭。
滑轮49固定地安装在阀杆47的一端，阀杆穿过阀室42(参看图9)伸出。钢丝绳50绕在滑轮49上，以其一端与滑轮相连，然后***一保护管52内，管52的一端固定在支架51上，而支架51则由前面已经提到的螺栓45固定在法兰43上。如图1所示，保护管52延伸到化油器25上，其另一端则在靠近化油器25处固定。钢丝绳50的另一端与化油器25中的节气门(图上未示出)相连。从上面的描述中可明显地看出，控制阀46用于与节气门的动作相配合，以改变排气通道的开口面积；也就是说，操作控制阀46以根据节气门的开启程度改变发动机的输出特性和排气特性。
由于阀体48是处于排气中的，因此碳粒子很容易沾在它上面。如果碳粒子沾在阀体48的外周边上，则它们就可能会与阀室42的内表面干涉，妨碍阀体48的工作，或者改变阀体周边与阀室42的内表面之间的间隙，从而对控制阀的工作起不利的作用。
为了消除上述缺点，阀体48的周边部分覆盖以用参考标号153表示的贵金属触媒。因此，当排气通过阀体48时，它的没有燃净的那一部分的燃烧由阀体48的周边部分上的贵金属触媒153的催化作用而加速，从而使阀体48的周边部分的温度升高，防止碳粒子沾在它上面。
与此同时，排气得到净化。也就是说，贵金属触媒153不仅用于防止控制阀46的功能降低，而且也用于净化排气。
在上面所描述的实施例中，只有阀体的周边部分携带贵金属触媒153；但是，本发明并不仅限于此。也就是说，也可以将整个阀体覆盖以贵金属触媒153。
图10和12示出了本发明的另一实施例。因此，在图10至12中，其功能与上述实施例中零件的功能相当的零件都用同样的参考标号或字母表示。
在该实施例中，控制阀48有一用多个圆盘155、155…做成的阀体154，这些圆盘155…按预定的间距排列。应当指出，这些如此布置的圆盘155的周边限定了一个用参考标号156代表的球形表面。阀体154的工作如下：当转动阀体154，直至圆盘155与排气管30的轴线垂直，亦即与排气的流动方向垂直时，阀体154将排气管30完全关闭；而当转动阀体，直至圆盘155如图12所示的那样与排气的流动方向平行时，阀体将排气管30全部打开。在后一种情况下，可以使排气沿着圆盘155流动。
在阀体154中，每一个圆盘155的两侧都覆盖以用153代表的贵金属触媒。如上所述，排气是沿着圆盘155流动的。因此，排气能充分地与贵金属触媒153接触，这进一步地加强了由贵金属触媒的催化作用产生的对排气的净化。
排气管的下游侧部分30b与按照本发明的排气净化装置53相对应。排气净化装置53用于补充上述催化转换器35的排气净化作用。装置53的结构简单。排出的气体可由排气净化器53和催化转换器35得到充分的净化。排气净化装置53的设置提高了催化转换器35的寿命。
图3是一放大的剖视图，示出了排气管的下游侧部分30b，即排气净化装置。排气净化装置53包括：一排气管的外筒55；和一装有触媒并共轴线地***外筒55中的触媒载装件54。本实施例不限于这种布置。它也可采用将触媒载装件54偏心地放入外筒55中的情况。
触媒载装件54的形成如下：首先，将具有许多小孔56的不锈钢板材(例如冲孔板)弯曲，形成载装件54的两半，然后将它们用例如点焊的方法联接在一起(参看图4和图5)。这样制成的触媒载装件54基本上是圆柱形。触媒载装件54覆盖以贵金属触媒。外筒55的形成方式与触媒载装件54的相同。也就是说，先形成外筒55的两半，然后将其联接在一起。触媒载装件54与外筒55在结构形状上彼此相似，因此当载装件54***外筒中时，在它们之间，在整个长度上都有均匀的空间(间隙)。
外筒55的上游端部55a的直径是逐渐减小的，因而它密合在触媒载装件54的上游端部上。外筒55的上游端部55a焊在上述的法兰44上。法兰44的内周边沿径向向内延伸，盖过外管55的上游端部55a的内周边，从而提供了一个台肩部分57，触媒载装件54的上游端部的端面54a就紧靠在它上面。端面54a并不焊在法兰的台肩部分57上。
外筒55的下游端部与膨胀管31相连。外筒55的下游端部的直径是如55b所示逐渐加大的，从而在其靠近接头处的内表面上形成一环形凹槽58。环形凹槽58中装有一环形弹性元件59，它是由直径约为0.2mm的不锈钢钢丝做成的圆柱形的网。这样做成的环形弹性元件59具有高的耐热性和高的弹性。装在环形凹槽58中的环形弹性元件59的内周边与触媒载装件54的下游端部的外圆柱形表面接触。更具体一些，环形弹性元件59放在凹槽58的内圆柱形表面和触媒载装件54的外圆柱形表面之间，其情况为，它在该处沿径向受压缩。
外筒55在其中部有一与上述环形凹槽58相似的环形凹槽58a，在凹槽58a的内圆柱形表面和触媒载装件54的外圆柱形表面之间装有一与上述环形弹性元件59相似的环形弹性元件59a，它径向受压缩。这样，触媒载装件54就通过环形弹性元件59和59a弹性地受到外筒55的支承，并在触媒载装件54与外筒55之间有一均匀的空间。
触媒载装件54在其外圆柱形表面上有加压块60，它与弹性元件59接触。加压块60是通过将一对从触媒载装件54(参看图5)的两半中的一个的两个边缘径向向外伸出的舌形片弯曲而形成的。加压块60与弹性元件59的上游端面接合。更具体一些，加压块60要如此放置，以使当其与上游端面接合时，加压块60推动弹性元件59，使其靠在环形凹槽58的下游壁58b上。因此，触媒载装件54被弹性元件59的反作用力沿轴向推动，从而使触媒载装件的上游端面54a在任何情况下都与法兰44的台肩部分57保持接合；也就是说，触媒载装件54在外筒55中沿轴向处于恰当的位置上。
从上面所进行的描述中可以明显地看出，触媒载装件54在径向上由弹性元件59和59a的径向弹性力而处于恰当的位置上，由弹性元件59和59a的轴向弹性力而沿轴向处于恰当的位置上；但是它不固定在外筒55上。因此，在受热时，触媒载装件54可以抵抗着弹性元件的弹性力自由膨胀。因此，在触媒载装件54与外筒55之间不会产生大的热应力。另一方面，弹性元件59和59a还可以吸收那些可能由排气的流动而引起的触媒载装件54的振动；也就是说，它们防止将振动传至外筒55上。另外，触媒载装件54并不焊接在外筒上。这样就消除了在向载装件加触媒之前将要焊接的部分予以掩蔽的麻烦工作，并消除了触媒要受到焊接热的不利影响的缺点。
在上面所描述的实施例中，触媒载装件54的下游端部通过弹性元件59夹持住，而其上游端部则抵靠在台肩部分57上。本发明的实施例可以如此改变，即下游端部由台肩部分57夹持，而上游端部则由弹性元件59夹持，或两个端部都通过弹性元件59夹持。在后一种情况下，在两端的弹性元件的反作用力由于在相反的方向上作用，从而使触媒载装件54在轴向上处于恰当的位置。
在同上述装置一样的其圆柱形触媒载装件载有一贵金属触媒的排气净化装置中，触媒对在触媒载装件中流动的排气气流的中部几乎不起作用。也就是说，该装置的气体净化效率是相对较低的。但是，在上述实施例中，可以由控制阀46保持高的气体净化效率，从排气的流动方向可以看出，该控制阀46刚好位于排气净化装置53的前面。也就是说，由于使排气在通过控制阀46时围绕阀体48流动，通过控制阀46的最终排气气流就向触媒载装件54的圆柱形壁偏转，从而更强制地受到催化作用。
在上述实施例中，二次空气供应管36与靠近气缸排气口的排气管30的上游侧部分相连。但是，二次空气供应管36也可以如图6所示的那样与阀室42相连。在这种情况下，在阀室42中环绕阀体48形成的负压可以用来以高效率供应二次空气，并使二次空气与排气充分的混合。
图7表示本发明的另一实施例，其中的排气管30的上游侧部分30a有一排气净化装置53。装置53在结构上与上述装置相当。因此，在图7中，在功能上与上述实施例的零件相当的零件用同样的参考标号或字母表示。如图7所示，在本实施例中，控制阀46装在排气净化装置53的下游。因此，通过按照发动机的运行情况适当地控制控制阀46的工作，就可以使排气管中的压力基本上成为正的，并且基本上保持不变，也就是说，排气净化装置增加了排气的滞留时间，并且相应地同样提高了排气的净化效率。
图8示出了本发明的另一实施例，其中的排气管的上游侧部分30a和下游侧部分30b分别都有排气净化装置53和53，它们在结构上与上面所描述的相似。
如上所述，按照本发明，由于采用了包含圆柱形触媒载装件的排气净化装置，该载装件在其圆柱形壁上有许多小孔并载有贵金属触媒，而且***排气管中；触媒载装件强制地装在排气管的外筒中，但是它仍能在受热时相对于外筒自由膨胀。此外，由于采用了净化装置，就不需要在向载装件加触媒时掩蔽焊接部分。
另外，本发明有下列作用或优点：防止发动机的运行或功能受到沉积在装在发动机排气***中的控制阀上的碳粒子的不利作用，并改进了发动机的排气净化。

Claims (5)

1．一种排气净化装置，它包括：
一与排气管连接的阀室，该阀室有一用于改变排气管中排气通道的开口面积的控制阀，至少有一部分控制阀载有触媒。
2．一种如权利要求1所述的排气净化装置，其特征为，所述控制阀包括一个沿直径方向伸入阀室的阀杆，和一个固定地安装在阀杆上的阀体。
3．一种如权利要求1所述的排气净化装置，其特征为，至少有一部分控制阀载有一贵金属触媒。
4．一种如权利要求1所述的排气净化装置，其特征为，控制阀包括至少一个圆盘。
5．一种如权利要求1所述的排气净化装置，其特征为，控制阀包括多个圆盘，圆盘按预定的间隔如此安排，即这些圆盘要彼此相互平行。
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FR2713703B1 (fr) 1998-05-22
ITTO941001A1 (it) 1996-06-07
KR950019053A (ko) 1995-07-22
US5674461A (en) 1997-10-07
AU8034194A (en) 1995-06-15
DE4443922C2 (de) 2000-07-06
AU681719B2 (en) 1997-09-04
KR0136215B1 (ko) 1998-04-25
ITTO941001A0 (it) 1994-12-07
TW268072B (zh) 1996-01-11
FR2713703A1 (fr) 1995-06-16
DE4443922A1 (de) 1995-06-14
CN1107202A (zh) 1995-08-23
IT1267642B1 (it) 1997-02-07
CN1064434C (zh) 2001-04-11
CN1106501C (zh) 2003-04-23

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