CN1184725A - Process for preparing metal powder - Google Patents

Process for preparing metal powder Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1184725A
CN1184725A CN97121399A CN97121399A CN1184725A CN 1184725 A CN1184725 A CN 1184725A CN 97121399 A CN97121399 A CN 97121399A CN 97121399 A CN97121399 A CN 97121399A CN 1184725 A CN1184725 A CN 1184725A
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China
Prior art keywords
metal
oxide
semimetal
powder
temperature
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Granted
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CN97121399A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1119215C (en
Inventor
浅田荣一
秋本裕二
永岛和郎
岩崎峰人
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Shoei Chemical Inc
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Shoei Chemical Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/002—Details
    • H01G4/005—Electrodes
    • H01G4/008—Selection of materials
    • H01G4/0085—Fried electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/16—Metallic particles coated with a non-metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/30—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with decomposition of metal compounds, e.g. by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
    • C23D5/02—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by wet methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/06—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base
    • H01C17/065—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
    • H01C17/06506—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits
    • H01C17/06513—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the resistive component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/06—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base
    • H01C17/065—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for coating resistive material on a base by thick film techniques, e.g. serigraphy
    • H01C17/06506—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits
    • H01C17/06513—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the resistive component
    • H01C17/06533—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits characterised by the resistive component composed of oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
    • H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks

Abstract

A process for preparing a metal powder, comprising the steps of: bringing a solution comprising at least one metal salt to fine droplets; and heating the droplets to a temperature above the decomposition temperature of the metal salt, wherein at least one compound which is heat-decomposable to produce a metal, a semimetal or an oxide of the metal or semimetal capable of remaining unmelted upon heating at the heat temperature is added to the solution and at least one selected from the group consisting of the metal, semimetal and oxide is heat-segregated in the vicinity of the surface of the metal powder. The resultant metal powder has a uniform particle size and good dispersibility without fusing or aggregation and is useful for the preparation of thick film pastes used in electronic circuits or components.

Description

The method for preparing metal dust
The present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing metal dust, particularly preparation is used for the method for the metal dust of thick film ink.
In person in electronics, be used to the production of electronic circuit and electronic component such as resistance, electric capacity and integrated circuit package such as thick film slurries such as conductor paste and resistance slurries.Thick film ink is made slurry and is prepared into by being determined on a case-by-case basis together evenly to mix with glass matter binding agent or other additives and be distributed to such as electroconductive powders such as metal, alloy or metal oxides in the organic carrier.After being coated onto thick film ink on the substrate, baking at high temperature or be heating and curing under lower temperature is to form electrically conductive film or resistive film.
The metal dust or the alloy powder that are used for above-mentioned thick film ink must possess following characteristic:
(1) good dispersiveness in slurry is enough to form fine and close uniform film.
(2) cause the impurity content of adverse effect lower to electrical properties.
(3) good crystallinity is enough to the sinterability that provides suitable.
(4) particle diameter is about 0.1～10 μ m and shape unanimity.
The conventional method for preparing above-mentioned metal dust comprise as Japanese patent publication be 31522/1988, Japanese patent application publication No. 172802/1994 and described spray pyrolysis such as 279816/1994.According to the method, at least the solution that contains a kind of slaine is atomized the formation droplet, and these droplets are heated about the preferable alloy fusing point or under the higher temperature then in the temperature that is higher than the slaine decomposition temperature, with thermally decomposable metal salt, deposit the metal or alloy powder thus.
According to spray pyrolysis, the metal or alloy powder can be prepared at an easy rate, compare with the metal or alloy powder for preparing by warm therapy reduction or its similar approach, metal or alloy powder by spray pyrolysis preparation possesses good crystallinity, higher density and high-purity and have the character of suitable thick film ink.The particle diameter of metal dust can determine that metal salt solution concentration, solvent, atomizing and heating condition etc. are controlled by correct, in addition, because it is consistent with the original metal salt of initial soln that the metal of gained particle is formed, this makes that being easy to control forms, conversely, this also makes spray pyrolysis be fit to preparation multicomponent powder.
Generally speaking, spray pyrolysis can provide the powder with good dispersion, because metallic particles prepares under gas phase state, granule density is lower under this condition.But in the process that forms metal dust, according to significantly increase or form the different condition the particle of rapid airflow pattern that is such as granule density, even also can be when temperature does not reach fusing point owing to being exposed to fusing, sintering and the gathering that high-temperature causes particle very much.Equally, in the formed powder of cooling, under the certain operations method, also can produce strong gathering between the particle.Be difficult in many cases granule is broken into particle, and cause the dispersiveness in slurry not good.And the fusing of powder or gathering cause viscous or deposition in production equipment, maybe needs screening granule, and this causes the minimizing of product yield, also makes comparatively difficulty of continued operation.This phenomenon is very remarkable.Therefore, particularly a problem has been proposed to having the higher alloy powder of more low-melting metal such as silver powder or silver content.
The objective of the invention is to not make under the situation of this method and complicated operationization and prevent that effectively above-mentioned clustering phenomena from taking place.
According to the present invention, forming by spray pyrolysis in the step of metal dust, when metal dust forms, mainly at metal dust surface aggregation refractory metal or metal oxide or its analog, to prevent gained particles fuse and gathering.
Therefore, the invention provides the method for preparing metal dust, may further comprise the steps: the solution that will contain at least a slaine is made tiny drop, and heating fluid drips to the temperature that is higher than the slaine decomposition temperature, wherein the compound with the thermal decomposition of at least a energy is added in this solution, produce after this compound thermal decomposition along with heating keeps infusible metal, semimetal or metal or half-metal oxide (below be called " metal or its analog) under heating-up temperature; and at least a " metal or its analog " heat is gathered partially at the metal dust near surface.
In the present invention, remain to be comprised that by the metal (major metal) that " metal or its analog " covers noble metal is as silver, gold, platinum and palladium, and base metal such as copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, aluminium, molybdenum and tungsten, these metals can be simple metal, any form in alloy or its mixture.The present invention is particularly suitable for silver powder and silver alloy powder (as silver-palladium alloy).
But as the metal dust salt of raw material can be a kind of in the following at least thermal decomposition salt: nitrate, sulfate, chloride, ammonium compound, phosphate, carboxylate, metal alcoholate, the metal-resin hydrochlorate, or complex salt or double salt, use the mixture of at least two kinds of slaines that a kind of alloy or mixed-powder can be provided.
According to the present invention, " metal or its analog " poly-partially on the metal dust surface do not melt under the condition of formation metal dust of the present invention, and is difficult to be dissolved in the metal dust with the solid solution form.For example, the example of " metal or analog " comprises metal such as rhodium, osmium, iridium, platinum, iron, cobalt, nickel, chromium and molybdenum when imagination preparation silver or silver alloy powder, and ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, alkaline-earth metal, boron, aluminium, silicon, germanium, lead, bismuth, rare earth metal, the oxide of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and manganese.
According to the metal powder of wanting chemical combination, when preparing metal powder with thermal decomposition method, by suitable selection with set reaction condition even also can use with the metal of stable state solid solution form dissolving or semimetal and so on, the reaction condition of setting almost can not cause dissolving with the solid solution form in granule interior, these conditions are just like heat decomposition temperature, reaction time, atmosphere and element addition.For example for the dissolving of the solid solution of metallic forms with the undissolved element of the solid solution of oxide form, can carry out thermal decomposition having only to add under the oxidized condition of element.
Metal dust by the spray pyrolysis preparation has good crystallinity, and the granule interior zero defect does not have crystal boundary in fact.Therefore, " metal or its analog " of decomposition and deposition (generation of simultaneous metallic particles) discharges from granule interior from the compound that adds, and the result is poly-partially around particle surface with high concentration.Although sub-fraction is decomposed from the compound that adds and " metal or its analog " that deposit formed with the dissolving of metal solid solution form and be retained in granule interior as main, but, just can not destroy effect of the present invention as long as the overwhelming majority " metal or its analog " is poly-partially at particle surface.
But compound thermal decomposition to be added, and can use the precursor of above-mentioned " metal or its analog ".It can carry out suitable selection in the thing group of complex salt or double salt from such as comprising borate, silicate, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, ammonium compound, phosphate, carboxylate, metal alcoholate, metal-resin hydrochlorate.
Do not require from compound, to decompose and deposit " metal or its analog " that come out metal dust is coated fully.Very small amount of " metal or its analog " at the metal dust surface deposition, promptly is enough to play the effect of dissolving of preventing.Based on the metal as the powder Main Ingredients and Appearance, the total amount that adds metal or semimetallic elements can be no less than 50ppm.The upper limit to addition is not particularly limited.But, owing to the quantity of metal that is contained in granule interior or semimetallic elements along with the metal that adds or the increase of semimetallic quantity increase, therefore, the addition upper limit is preferably about 5%.
In the slurry combustion process, stop the effect of its sintering also can expect according to the metal that adds or the sedimental kind or the quantity of semimetallic elements.But produce excessive deposit and can cause the deterioration of sintering degree and electric conductivity or the increase of amount of impurities.This is harmful to electrical property usually.Given this reason can with flushing, etch or additive method, will be deposited on the lip-deep part of metal dust or almost all " metal or its analog " removals, to reduce impurity content in case of necessity after powder forms.Weight (not comprising deposition " metal or its analog " on the powder) based on metal dust, when the quantity of " metal or its analog " that remain in the metal dust surface in the 50-2000ppm scope, in the time of particularly in the 100-1000ppm scope, generally can not produce any problem.As do not have other explanations, the quantity of indicated herein " metal or its analog " is basic Huaihe River in the quantity as the main metal of forming (not comprising " metal or its analog ") in the powder all.
As the slaine of main composition and as the compound of additive water-soluble or such as in the organic solvent of alcohol, acetone or ether or its mixed solvent with preparation example such as slaine mixed solution, by atomizer such as ultrasonic atomizer or biliquid atomizer, make it to form fine drop, then to be higher than the temperature heating of slaine decomposition temperature, carrying out thermal decomposition, heat treated is preferably in as carrying out under the fusing point of the main metal or alloy of forming or the higher temperature.Yet when not requiring high density, when shape unanimity or conditions of similarity, heating-up temperature can be lower than fusing point.Atmosphere during heating is decided suitably to select from oxidation, reduction and inert atmosphere by the metal or the conditions such as semimetal kind, heating-up temperature of metal species and adding.
Following examples will be explained the present invention in more detail, but the present invention is not limited to this.Embodiment 1-4
With silver nitrate and Gerhardite soluble in water be that 50-100g/l or copper concentration are the aqueous solution of 10-500ppm (is 100-1000ppm based on the silver amount) with the preparation silver concentration, as shown in table 1.This solution forms droplet by ultrasonic atomizer, being carrier gas with the air is injected into being heated in 1000-1100 ℃ the earthenware in the electric furnace with drop, droplet in thermal decomposition when the heating region with the preparation silver powder, collect the powder that forms, the average grain diameter of powder is measured by laser chromatic dispersion particle diameter distributional analysis instrument, the results are shown in table 1, in addition powder is dissolved in nitric acid, the concentration of copper is measured by ICP (inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscope) in the powder, the result shows that the concentration of copper is consistent with initial composition.Through assert that copper is with the form deposition of cupric oxide.
The powder (addition of copper is 200ppm, based on silver) of preparation among the embodiment 2 is scattered in 3% the sulfuric acid and with it washes.Its result is, calculates by powder weight, and the silver of dissolving only be 560ppm, and the copper that dissolves is 125ppm then, and the most copper that shows adding is by wash-out.The above results shows that the copper of adding gathers on the silver powder surface partially with high concentration.Comparative Examples 1
The fine silver powder does not just add Gerhardite by the method preparation identical with embodiment 1.So the powder of preparation is in significant state, and average grain diameter can not be measured by laser chromatic dispersion particle diameter distributional analysis instrument.Embodiment 5
Repeat the process of embodiment 1, just substitute Gerhardite with Nickelous nitrate hexahydrate, the amount shown in the table 1 of pressing adds.So prepare on its surface the silver powder of polyoxygenated nickel partially.Average grain diameter is listed in table 1.Embodiment 6
Repeat the process of embodiment 1, just replace Gerhardite with two nitric hydrate rhodiums, the amount shown in the table 1 of pressing adds, and heating-up temperature changes 900 ℃ into.So prepare the silver powder of the poly-partially metal rhodium on its surface, average grain diameter is listed in table 1.Embodiment 7
Silver nitrate aqueous solution is mixed with palladium nitrate aqueous solution, and silver is 9: 1 with the palladium weight ratio.Then Gerhardite being added mixture is that 50g/l and copper concentration are the solution of 10ppm (is 200ppm for silver-colored palladium total amount) to prepare silver and palladium total concentration.Repeat the process of embodiment 1, just heating-up temperature changes 1200 ℃ into.So prepare on its surface the silver palladium alloy powder of polyoxygenated copper partially.Average grain diameter is listed in table 1.Comparative Examples 2
Same procedure by embodiment 7 prepares silver-palladium alloy powder, does not just add Gerhardite.Average grain diameter is listed in table 1.
Can find out obviously that from table 1 the prepared metal dust of the method according to this invention does not have a large amount of granules, therefore have extraordinary applicability as the powder that is used for thick film ink.
Table 1
The metal concentration addition element is benchmark heating-up temperature particle diameter (μ m) with the metal
Metal dust (g/l) meter element addition (℃) D50 D90
(ppm) embodiment 1 Ag 100 Cu 100 1,000 1.78 3.38 embodiment 2 Ag 100 Cu 200 1,000 1.11 1.68 embodiment 3 Ag 50 Cu 200 1,100 0.99 1.58 embodiment 4 Ag 50 Cu 1,000 1,100 0.79 1.28 Comparative Examples 1 Ag 100 does not have-1000 because assembling significantly
And can't measure embodiment 5 Ag 100 Ni 20,000 1,000 1.49 2.16 embodiment 6 Ag 100 Rh 500 900 0.83 1.80 embodiment 7 Ag-Pd alloys 50 Cu 200 1,200 1.12 1.62
(Ag: Pd=9: 1) Comparative Examples 2 Ag-Pd alloys 50 do not have-1,200 1.32 1.93
(Ag∶Pd＝9∶1)
According to the present invention, preparing by spray pyrolysis in the process of metal dust, the intergranular fusing energy of formation is prevented effectively, and can be prepared the metal dust with uniform grading and good dispersion.
Add very a spot of " metal or its analog " and just be enough to obtain desired effects.And unwanted " metal or its analog " part can be removed by washing behind powder preparation, makes it to contain minute quantity impurity, avoids when powder is used for thick film ink electric conductivity, and solderability and similarity produce harmful effect.In addition, in spray pyrolysis, the metal in the starting soln is formed consistent with the composition of the particle that forms basically with semimetallic elements.This makes that the addition of control " metal or its analog " is more or less freely.
Except that being used for thick film ink, the prepared according to the methods of the invention metal dust also can be used to decoration, catalyst, powder metallurgy, magnetic material and other purposes.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of method for preparing metal dust, may further comprise the steps: the solution that will contain at least a slaine is made fine drop, heat this drop to the temperature that is higher than the slaine decomposition temperature, wherein the compound with the thermal decomposition of at least a energy is added in this solution, produce after this compound thermal decomposition along with heating keeps infusible metal, semimetal or metal or half-metal oxide under heating-up temperature, and at least a heat in metal, semimetal and the oxide is gathered partially at the metal dust near surface.
2, according to the method for claim 1, this method also comprises to be eliminated to the small part step of poly-metal, semimetal or its oxide partially.
3, be silver powder or silver alloy powder according to the metal dust that the process of claim 1 wherein.
4, according to the method for claim 3, metal wherein, semimetal or its oxide are selected from ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, platinum, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, alkaline-earth metal, boron, aluminium, silicon, germanium, lead, bismuth, rare earth metal, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese and oxide thereof.
5, according to the process of claim 1 wherein that metal in the compound that adds or semimetallic total amount are that benchmark is no less than 50ppm in the weight of metal in the slaine.
CN97121399A 1996-09-25 1997-09-25 Process for preparing metal powder Expired - Lifetime CN1119215C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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JP272924/96 1996-09-25
JP272924/1996 1996-09-25
JP27292496A JP3277823B2 (en) 1996-09-25 1996-09-25 Production method of metal powder

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CN1184725A true CN1184725A (en) 1998-06-17
CN1119215C CN1119215C (en) 2003-08-27

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US (1) US5964918A (en)
JP (1) JP3277823B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100258007B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1119215C (en)
CA (1) CA2216339C (en)
MY (1) MY116977A (en)
SG (1) SG55381A1 (en)
TW (1) TW458829B (en)

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CN102625862A (en) * 2009-05-12 2012-08-01 金属电解有限公司 Apparatus and method for reduction of a solid feedstock
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CN109982798A (en) * 2016-11-16 2019-07-05 昭荣化学工业株式会社 Metal powder in manufacturing method
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US11458536B2 (en) 2016-11-16 2022-10-04 Shoei Chemical Inc. Method for producing metal powder
CN108526490A (en) * 2018-05-14 2018-09-14 六盘水中联工贸实业有限公司 A method of producing copper powder with copper chloride or stannous chloride

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MY116977A (en) 2004-04-30
KR19990037964A (en) 1999-06-05
TW458829B (en) 2001-10-11
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CA2216339A1 (en) 1998-03-25
CN1119215C (en) 2003-08-27
SG55381A1 (en) 1998-12-21
CA2216339C (en) 2001-11-13
US5964918A (en) 1999-10-12
JPH10102108A (en) 1998-04-21

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