CN117204284A - Method for improving emergence rate of wheat, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing yield and application - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for improving the emergence rate of wheat, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing the yield and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. Preparing carbon dots into carbon dot aqueous solution, and applying the carbon dot aqueous solution to wheat seeds or seedlings, wherein the concentration of the carbon dot aqueous solution is 0.02-0.5mg/mL. The scheme solves the problems of high cost and easy generation of phytotoxicity when the existing exogenous matters are utilized to improve the emergence rate and the emergence quality of wheat, and simultaneously, the plant heights of the seedlings are respectively increased by 39.8%, 25.6% and 23.3% after 20 days of wheat sowing by utilizing the methods of nano carbon dot solution seed soaking, seed dressing and leaf spraying after the emergence, the fresh weights of the overground parts are respectively increased by 95.3%, 46.9% and 45.3%, the maximum root lengths are respectively increased by 58.4%, 28.6% and 19.2%, and the root fresh weights are respectively increased by 60.2%, 45.4% and 36.2%; the activity of alpha-amylase and beta-amylase of wheat seedlings and the content of soluble sugar are obviously improved, the antioxidant activity of the wheat seedlings is obviously improved, and the content of malondialdehyde is reduced; the wheat yield was increased by 13.8%, 9.8% and 5.4%, respectively.
Description
Technical Field
The application discloses a method for improving the emergence rate of wheat, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing the yield and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of agriculture.
Background
Wheat is one of three large grain crops in the world, has large planting area and wide area distribution in China, and has important significance for guaranteeing the grain safety in China and promoting the national economic development. The emergence rate and the emergence quality of wheat are key factors influencing the establishment of strong wheat seedlings and high-yield and high-efficiency populations. The improvement of the emergence rate of the wheat is beneficial to the later growth and development of the wheat, can effectively improve the uniformity of the wheat, lays a foundation for establishing an optimal canopy structure, is more beneficial to the high yield of the wheat and improves the quality of seeds. The improvement of the seedling emergence quality of wheat is beneficial to rapid seedling emergence and formation of strong seedlings, enhances the stress resistance of seedlings, is beneficial to safe overwintering of wheat, forms high quality wheat seedlings with good plant types, has positive effects on the growth and development of middle-later plants, further constructs reasonable wheat high-yield groups, and improves the yield and quality.
At present, the main means for improving the wheat emergence rate and the wheat emergence quality in production is to adopt a reasonable cultivation method, and the wheat germination and the wheat emergence process are finely managed mainly by improving the soil preparation quality, controlling the sowing depth, reasonably fertilizing, well performing measures such as field soil moisture management and pest control, so that the wheat emergence problem is effectively solved, the normal germination of wheat seeds is ensured, and the emergence rate and the emergence quality are improved.
In recent years, with the development of economy, rural population is largely shifted to cities, wheat planting modes are rapidly changed to mechanized sowing, and climate environments, agricultural machinery levels and management levels in different areas are inconsistent, so that the problem of wheat emergence is remarkable, and the safety production of wheat and the national grain safety are affected. Researchers have proposed methods for improving wheat emergence rates using exogenous materials: if the biochar and exogenous NO are utilized to improve the wheat seedling emergence rate of the saline-alkali soil, and the drought-resistant seed dressing agent, the imidacloprid seed coating agent and the acetochlor are utilized to effectively improve the stress resistance of the wheat, so that the wheat seedling emergence rate and the wheat seedling emergence quality are improved, but the method aims at the problems of single problem, high production cost, easiness in generation of phytotoxicity and the like, and limits the popularization and application of the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for improving the wheat emergence rate, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing the yield and the application thereof solve the problems of high cost and easy generation of phytotoxicity when the existing exogenous matters are utilized to improve the wheat emergence rate and the wheat emergence quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a method for improving emergence rate, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing yield of wheat comprises preparing carbon dots into carbon dot aqueous solution, and applying the carbon dot aqueous solution to wheat seeds or seedlings, wherein the concentration of the carbon dot aqueous solution is 0.02-0.5mg/mL.
The principle and effect of the technical proposal are as follows: the main physiological effects of the carbon dots are embodied in the aspects of promoting seed germination and root growth, improving plant nutrient absorption, promoting plant growth, increasing biomass accumulation, enhancing photosynthesis, improving plant carbohydrate content, plant abiotic stress and disease resistance, improving crop yield and the like. Meanwhile, the carbon dots can penetrate through hard seed coats to promote moisture permeation, and water molecules can be combined with hydrophilic groups on the surfaces of the carbon dots to be absorbed along with the carbon dots to enter the plant body, so that seed germination is promoted, growth of seedlings is accelerated, and the stress resistance and disease resistance of the carbon dots can be enhanced after the carbon dots enter the plant body, so that the emergence of the seeds and the quality of the seedlings are facilitated.
Preferably, the carbon dots are carbon nanoparticles having a size of 5 nm.
Through the arrangement, oversized nano particles cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants through aquaporins, and 5nm carbon nano particles can be just absorbed and utilized by crops and transported to different positions to play a role through a vascular bundle system in the plant body.
Preferably, the application mode is one of seed soaking, seed dressing and leaf surface spraying after emergence.
Through the arrangement, a planter can select a proper application mode according to different land conditions, so that the aim of increasing yield is fulfilled; the diversity of the method can be suitable for different areas, and the popularization and implementation convenience of the scheme is improved.
Preferably, the seed soaking is performed by soaking wheat seeds in a carbon dot aqueous solution for 12 hours and then sowing.
Through the arrangement, the seeds begin to absorb water after being soaked, carbon points enter the seeds along with water molecules, the water absorption capacity of the seeds is further enhanced, and germination and sprouting of the seeds are accelerated. The wheat seeds need to be fully swelled for 6-12 hours, and the scheme adopts 12 hours to ensure that the seeds are fully swelled.
Preferably, the seed dressing is applied by soaking the wheat seeds with a carbon dot aqueous solution and sowing the wheat seeds.
Through the arrangement, the wheat is required to be covered with soil and compacted after being sown, and carbon spot infiltration treatment can not be performed. The carbon dots are adsorbed on the surface of the seeds by infiltration before sowing, and enter the seeds along with moisture after sowing, so that the germination of the seeds is promoted.
Preferably, the application mode of the post-emergence foliar spray is that when the wheat is 2 leaves and 1 core after emergence, the foliar spray is performed according to the volume of 40mL/m 2 Spraying carbon spot water solution on the leaf surface.
Through the arrangement, the wheat seedlings grow by utilizing the self-stored nutrients before 2 leaves, adventitious roots after 2 leaves occur, water and nutrients are absorbed from soil, the 1 centers of the 2 leaves are positioned in the period from 2 leaves to 3 leaves, and after the spraying treatment, the effect of carbon points in promoting the growth of the seedlings and root systems and enhancing the water and nutrient absorption capacity of the root systems can be reflected. According to the research and exploration,40mL/m 2 the spraying amount of the carbon dot solution can enable all the leaves of the seedlings on the land in the area to fully receive the carbon dot solution, and the carbon dot solution cannot form large liquid drops to slide down, so that the spraying effect is ensured.
Preferably, wheat sowing is carried out in a large field, field management is carried out according to actual production requirements, the field is finely ploughed and leveled, a proper amount of drill sowing is carried out in the last ten days of 11 months, and the row spacing of sowing is 25cm.
Through the arrangement, the management measures of the scheme are consistent with the cultivation management in the large-area production of the wheat at present, so that the technology can be applied more quickly.
The application provides another technical scheme that: the method for improving the emergence rate of the wheat, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing the yield is applied to crop planting.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
1. the technical scheme is applied to the field of wheat planting, field management is carried out according to the high-yield management requirement on production, the land is finely finished before wheat sowing, the basic standards of wheat germination and seedling emergence on the soil are met, wheat is sowed in a proper period, fertilizer and water management and pest control are carried out after sowing, and no extra management measures are needed.
2. The method can greatly improve the emergence rate of wheat seeds, promote the growth of root systems and overground parts of seedlings, increase the biomass of the seedlings and is beneficial to forming strong seedlings.
3. The method can improve the carbon metabolizing enzyme activity, the soluble sugar content and the antioxidant enzyme activity of the wheat seedlings, reduce the malondialdehyde content, strengthen the stress resistance of the wheat seedlings and facilitate the safe overwintering of the wheat.
4. The method of the application improves the wheat emergence rate by more than 17%, increases the fresh weight of overground parts by more than 45%, increases the root by more than 36%, increases the soluble sugar content of seedlings by more than 26%, reduces the malondialdehyde content by more than 23%, and increases the biomass and yield in the final maturity period by more than 5%.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below in connection with embodiments:
example 1
A method for improving emergence rate of wheat, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing yield comprises preparing carbon dots into carbon dot aqueous solution, wherein carbon nano particles with size of 5nm are adopted as the carbon dots. Applying the carbon dot aqueous solution to wheat seeds or seedlings, wherein the concentration of the carbon dot aqueous solution is 0.02-0.5mg/mL. The application mode of the embodiment is seed soaking, namely, wheat seeds are soaked in a carbon dot water solution for 12 hours and then sown.
Wheat sowing is carried out in a large field, field management is carried out according to actual production requirements, the field surface is smooth, a proper amount of drill sowing is carried out in the last ten days of 11 months, and the row spacing of sowing is 25cm.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 only in the manner of administration: the application mode of the embodiment is seed dressing, namely, sowing after soaking the wheat seeds with the carbon dot aqueous solution.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 only in the manner of administration: the application mode of the embodiment is foliage spraying after emergence, namely, when the wheat is 2 leaves and 1 core after emergence, the application is carried out according to 40mL/m 2 Spraying carbon spot water solution on the leaf surface.
Example 4
The method of examples 1-3 for improving the emergence rate of wheat, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing the yield is applied to crop planting. I.e. also to other food crops such as rice and maize and to other commercial crops such as soybean, rape, peanut, cotton etc.
Comparative example
This comparative example differs from examples 1-3 only in that: the wheat seeds of this comparative example were not subjected to the carbon dot aqueous solution seed soaking, seed dressing and foliar spray treatment, and the other planting methods were the same as in example 1.
Test comparative analysis:
(1) Test conditions: the test site is the Guangzhou Guangdong Ling area Sha Tou town. The test variety is Yangmai 25, belongs to spring wheat variety, and has a whole growth period of 202 days; the plant tillering force is strong and the plant grows vigorously; the plant type is compact, the ear layers are tidy, the plant height is 83 cm, and the lodging resistance is good; the grain is oblong, white, red, oval, semi-hard and powdery and full.
(2) And (3) test design: wheat of examples 1-3 and comparative example was used for planting, wherein seed soaking, seed dressing and foliar spraying all set three carbon dot concentrations of 0.02, 0.1 and 0.5mg/mL, respectively, each treatment was repeated 3 times.
(3) Quantitative and uniform sowing: the field blocks are finely ploughed and prepared before sowing, the straws are buried, and the field surface is flat. Sowing in 2022 at 11/10 months with sowing row spacing of 25cm and sowing amount of 110 grains/m per row, and uniformly sowing manually.
(4) And (3) field management: the treatments apply 18kg of pure nitrogen per mu in the whole growth period, wherein the base fertilizer accounts for 60%, the jointing fertilizer accounts for 40%, and the phosphate fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate (P) 2 O 5 12% of potassium fertilizer potassium chloride (K) 2 O,60 percent) and the application amount of the fertilizer are 162kg/ha, the phosphate fertilizer is applied on the basis, and the base fertilizer and the jointing fertilizer in the potash fertilizer respectively account for 50 percent. Other management is uniformly carried out according to the high-yield cultivation requirement.
(5) The content of measurement: emergence rate, seedling quality investigation (including agronomic characteristics such as plant height, fresh weight of overground parts, maximum root length, fresh weight of roots, etc.), physiological characteristics such as alpha-amylase activity, beta-amylase activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content, soluble sugar content, etc.), yield and yield constitution factors.
The test results are shown in tables 1-4 below:
TABLE 1 emergence rates and seedling agronomic traits for different treated wheat
The same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments at the 0.05 level differed significantly during the same sampling period.
As can be seen from Table 1, the emergence rates of the seed soaking and seed dressing treated wheat 10 days and 20 days after sowing are greatly increased compared with the control, wherein the increase rates after sowing are respectively 54.3% -56% and 17.4% -21.5%, and the foliar spraying treatment has no significant influence on the emergence rate of the wheat. Each treatment has obvious promotion effect on the growth of wheat seedlings, the plant height of the examples 1-3 is increased by 39.8% -52.5%, 25.6% -28.1% and 23.3% -32.2% respectively, the fresh weight of the overground part is increased by 95.3% -100.4%, 46.9% -53.8% and 45.3% -56.5% respectively, the maximum root length is increased by 58.4% -60.7%, 28.6% -35.4% and 19.2% -34.7% respectively, and the fresh weight of the root is increased by 60.2% -85.8%, 45.5% -48.1% and 36.2% -39.1% respectively compared with the comparative example. There was no significant difference in each trait among the three different carbon dot concentrations of the same treatment.
Table 2 shows the alpha-amylase, beta-amylase activities and soluble sugar content of the different treated wheat
The same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments at the 0.05 level differed significantly during the same sampling period.
As can be seen from Table 2, the alpha-amylase and beta-amylase activities and the soluble sugar content of the different treated wheat were significantly improved as compared with the control, and the alpha-amylase activities of examples 1-3 were increased by 33.7% -47.0%, 21.1% -26.2% and 28.0% -35.0%, the beta-amylase activities were increased by 56.0% -57.4%, 32.6% -41.7% and 48.0% -52.5%, respectively, and the soluble sugar contents were increased by 41.5% -51.5%, 26.2% -32.4% and 34.6% -37.0%, respectively, 20 days after sowing as compared with the control. There were no obvious differences in the properties between the concentrations of the three different carbon dots of the same treatment.
Table 3 shows the antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content of the different treated wheat
The same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments at the 0.05 level differed significantly during the same sampling period.
As can be seen from Table 3, the antioxidant enzyme activity of the different treated wheat is significantly increased compared with the control, the malondialdehyde content is significantly reduced compared with the control, and the wheat superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is increased by 18.6% -33.1%, 14.2% -221.3% and 25.0% -27.5%, the Catalase (CAT) activity is increased by 14.9% -19.7%, 12.4% -21.4% and 11.5% -25.2%, the Peroxidase (POD) activity is increased by 20.8% -25.4%, 8.5% -15.6% and 18.5% -20.4%, and the Malondialdehyde (MDA) content is reduced by 24.5% -31.4%, 23.1% -26.8% and 28.4% -30.8% respectively, 20 days after sowing in examples 1-3 compared with the comparative example. The differences in properties among the concentrations of three different carbon points in the same treatment are not obvious.
Table 4 shows the yields and yield factors of the different treated wheat
The same column of different letters indicates that the different treatments at the 0.05 level differed significantly during the same sampling period.
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the comparative example, the carbon dot solution seed soaking, seed dressing and foliar spray treatment all significantly improved the wheat yield, and the yield increases were 13.8% -16.0%, 9.8% -10.6% and 5.4% -7.0%, respectively. From the analysis of yield constitution factors, the seed soaking and seed dressing treatments mainly greatly increase the effective spike number, the effective spike number of the foliar spraying treatment slightly increases, and compared with the control, the increases are 28.7% -32.4%, 15.1% -19.6% and 6.4% -8.7%, and the three treatments have no obvious influence on spike number and thousand grain weight. The biomass of the three treatments was significantly increased compared to the control, with increases of 23.9% -28.8%, 18.0% -21.3% and 5.8% -10.5% respectively, each treatment having no significant effect on the wheat harvest index. There was no significant difference in each trait among the three different carbon dot concentrations of the same treatment.
In conclusion, the seed soaking and seed dressing by using the carbon dot aqueous solution can greatly increase the emergence rate of wheat after sowing, and the seed soaking, seed dressing and leaf spraying after wheat emergence can promote the growth of the overground parts and root systems of wheat seedlings, simultaneously improve the carbon metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity of the wheat seedlings, increase the soluble sugar content of the wheat seedlings, reduce the malondialdehyde content and enhance the stress resistance of the wheat seedlings, thereby forming strong seedlings; finally, the effective spike number and biomass of the wheat are improved, and the wheat yield is remarkably increased.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and the details of construction and/or the general knowledge of the structures and/or characteristics of the present application as it is known in the art will not be described in any detail herein. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present application, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present application, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present application and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application is subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the emergence rate of wheat, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing the yield is characterized by comprising the following steps: preparing carbon dots into a carbon dot aqueous solution, and applying the carbon dot aqueous solution to wheat seeds or seedlings, wherein the concentration of the carbon dot aqueous solution is 0.02-0.5mg/mL.
2. The method for improving the emergence rate, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing the yield of wheat according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the carbon dots adopt carbon nano particles with the size of 5 nm.
3. The method for improving the emergence rate, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing the yield of wheat according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the application mode is one of seed soaking, seed dressing and foliar spraying after emergence.
4. A method for improving emergence rate, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing yield of wheat as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the seed soaking application mode is to soak the wheat seeds in a carbon point water solution for 12 hours and then sow the wheat seeds.
5. A method for improving emergence rate, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing yield of wheat as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the seed dressing mode is to soak the wheat seeds with carbon dot water solution and then to sow the seeds.
6. A method for improving emergence rate, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing yield of wheat as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the application mode of the post-emergence foliar spray is that when the wheat is 1 heart of 2 leaves after emergence, the foliar spray is performed according to the proportion of 40mL/m 2 Spraying carbon spot water solution on the leaf surface.
7. A method for improving emergence rate, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing yield of wheat according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: wheat sowing is carried out in a large field, field management is carried out according to actual production requirements, the field surface is smooth, a proper amount of drill sowing is carried out in the last ten days of 11 months, and the row spacing of sowing is 25cm.
8. The method for improving the emergence rate, cultivating strong seedlings and increasing the yield of wheat according to the claims 1-6 is applied to crop planting.
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