CN111165261B - Grape cultivation method - Google Patents
Grape cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111165261B CN111165261B CN202010102968.0A CN202010102968A CN111165261B CN 111165261 B CN111165261 B CN 111165261B CN 202010102968 A CN202010102968 A CN 202010102968A CN 111165261 B CN111165261 B CN 111165261B
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- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 claims description 45
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010033929 calcium caseinate Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001092473 Quillaja Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009001 Quillaja saponaria Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- YGBGWFLNLDFCQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron zinc Chemical compound [B].[Zn] YGBGWFLNLDFCQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical group O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 triterpene glucoside Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 240000003291 Armoracia rusticana Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023753 dehiscence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of grape planting, and particularly relates to a grape cultivation method. The specific technical scheme comprises the following steps: opening a planting ditch, and transplanting grape seedlings into the planting ditch; before germination, diammonium phosphate is added; after sprouting and young shoots, selecting thick and strong new shoots to culture as main vines, and culturing 3-5 main vines per seedling. Pinching when the main vine tip grows to 50-60 cm, reserving 2-4 axial secondary tips on the main vine, and reserving 7-8 leaves for pinching; spraying nutrient solution on leaves before blooming; spraying gibberellin water solution once in the initial flowering phase and the full-bloom phase respectively; after fruit setting, applying nitrogen fertilizer, controlling the amount of ears and spraying a care solution; applying potassium fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer in the fruit expansion period; and spraying monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces before the fruits are mature. The grape is planted by the method, the fruit setting rate of the grape can be effectively improved, fruit grains are increased, the fruit quality is improved, the yield per mu of the grape is high, the fruit cracking rate is extremely low, and the comprehensive economic benefit is excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of grape planting, and particularly relates to a grape cultivation method.
Background
In recent years, the fresh-eating grape industry is rapidly developed, and the planting area is continuously increased. However, the production of fresh grapes in China still has a great problem, and due to the unreasonable cultivation method, the grapes generally have low yield, good quality and irregular quality, and are easy to crack, so that the requirements of high-end markets cannot be met.
Usually, the fruit cracking rate of grapes is about 5%, and in severe cases, the fruit cracking rate is 15-20%, and in years with much rainwater, the fruit cracking rate is even as high as 70%, so that the yield of grapes is seriously influenced. The main reasons for grape dehiscence are: the fruit peel grows at a speed lower than that of the pulp, and the excessive growth of the pulp breaks the fruit peel to cause fruit cracking. Therefore, adjusting the growth rate of the pulp and the peel and enhancing the toughness of the peel are the keys for reducing the fruit cracking rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grape cultivation method which can realize high yield per mu and extremely low fruit cracking rate.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a grape cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) opening a planting ditch, applying a base fertilizer in the planting ditch, and covering soil and backfilling;
(2) transplanting grape seedlings into the planting ditches;
(3) before grape seedlings sprout, 15-25 kg of diammonium phosphate is added per mu;
(4) after grape seedlings germinate and sprout, selecting thick and strong new shoots to culture as main vines, and culturing 3-5 main vines for each seedling. Pinching when the main vine tips grow to 50-60 cm, reserving 2-4 axial auxiliary tips on the main vine, and reserving 7-8 leaves on the auxiliary tips for pinching;
(5) spraying nutrient solution on leaves 15-20 days before the grapes bloom;
(6) spraying gibberellin aqueous solution once in the initial flowering phase and full flowering phase of the grapes respectively;
(7) after the grapes are set, applying 25-30 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu, controlling the amount of ears 10-15 days after fruit setting, and spraying a care solution every 15-20 days;
(8) in the fruit expanding period, additionally applying 20-25 kg of potash fertilizer and 15-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu;
(9) spraying monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces 15-20 days before the fruits are mature.
Preferably, the base fertilizer in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of corn straw, 5-10 parts of rice bran, 2.5-5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-2 parts of urea, 0.8-1.5 parts of bacterial fertilizer and 0.02-0.5 part of boron-zinc fertilizer.
Preferably, the bacterial manure comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, the viable bacteria amount of which is 200 hundred million CFU/ml, 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis, the viable bacteria amount of which is 200 hundred million CFU/g, 20 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of bran, 2 parts of chitosan, 8 parts of furfural residue, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate and 10 parts of potassium sulfate.
Preferably, the earth covering backfill method in the step (1) comprises the following steps: firstly applying a layer of base fertilizer to the bottom of the planting ditch, burying a layer of soil on the base fertilizer, then applying a layer of base fertilizer on the buried soil layer, repeating the steps alternately until the base fertilizer is applied to 2/3 deep in the ditch, and then filling the planting ditch with soil; the thickness of the single base fertilizer layer is 10-12 cm, and the thickness of the single soil layer is 5-6 cm.
Preferably, in the step (2), when the grape seedlings are transplanted into the planting ditches, the excavation depth is 15-20 cm; meanwhile, 15-30 g of China shrine particles/plants are applied to one side of the planting ditch.
Preferably, the preparation method of the nutrient solution in the step (5) comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, 25-35 parts of calcium lignin sulfate, 1-1.5 parts of borax, 50-60 parts of quillaja triterpene glucoside, 3-5 parts of glycine and 1-3 parts of alanine are fully mixed, diluted by 1000-1200 times by adding water and fully dissolved.
Preferably, the concentration of the gibberellin aqueous solution in the step (6) is 20-25 mg/L.
Preferably, the method for controlling the amount of the ears in the step (7) comprises the following steps: keeping the weight of each ear to be 1-1.5 kg, and the quantity of the ears per mu to be less than or equal to 2000 ears.
Preferably, the preparation method of the care solution in the step (7) comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, 10-15 parts of borax, 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of polysorbate, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium caseinate, 2-4 parts of calcium chloride and 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate are fully mixed, diluted by 800-1000 times with water and fully dissolved.
Preferably, the concentration of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (9) is 3-5 per mill by mass fraction.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for planting grapes, and provides a base fertilizer, a nutrient solution and a care solution for planting the grapes in a matching way, and the grapes are respectively managed in a targeted mode during transplanting, before flowering, in an initial flowering stage, in a full flowering stage, after fruit setting, in an expansion stage and before ripening. The grape is planted by the method, the fruit setting rate of the grape can be effectively improved, fruit grains are increased, the fruit quality is improved, the yield per mu of the grape is high, the fruit cracking rate is extremely low, and the comprehensive economic benefit is excellent.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a brand-new grape cultivation method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. and selecting a planting base. The requirements of the planting base are as follows: the soil is high in terrain, exposed to the sun, fertile and deep, loose and loose, and the pH value of the soil is 6.3-7.3. And arranging planting furrows on the planting land, wherein the width of each planting furrow is 80-120 cm, the depth of each furrow is 60-80 cm, and the row spacing of the furrows is 3-4 m. And applying base fertilizer in the planting furrows, and then covering soil and backfilling until the planting furrows are full.
The application method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: applying a layer of base fertilizer on the bottom of the ditch, filling a layer of soil on the base fertilizer, applying a layer of base fertilizer on the filled soil layer, repeating the steps alternately until the base fertilizer is applied to 2/3 deep in the ditch, and then filling the planting ditch with soil; the thickness of the single-layer base fertilizer layer is 10-12 cm, and the thickness of the single-layer soil layer is 5-6 cm. And then poured thoroughly. The purpose of alternately mixing the base fertilizer and the soil is as follows: organic matters of the base fertilizer can be converted into organic acid, and the organic acid of different types can be combined with soil to facilitate the absorption of grape fine roots; meanwhile, organic matters or organic acids in the base fertilizer are less prone to loss.
2. Selecting 1-2 year-old seedling grafted grape seedlings with complete root systems, transplanting the grape seedlings into the planting ditches, and excavating to about 15-20 cm deep without damaging the base fertilizer layer (namely excavating the soil backfilled on the uppermost layer) in the step 1. The planting distance is 1.5-2 m, the seeds are compacted and watered, and the soil humidity is kept to be 60-70%. The humidity control method comprises the following steps: the soil has a cool and moist feeling when being placed on the hands, and the marks are left when the soil is pressed by the hands. And can also be accurately controlled by using a soil humidity tester. It should be noted that, when transplanting grape seedlings, 15-30 g of shrinkage-shrine particles/plants are applied to one side of the planting holes.
3. Before grape seedlings sprout, 15-25 kg of diammonium phosphate is added per mu. And after the grape seedlings germinate and sprout, fixing the new shoots on the shed frame. The shed frame is preferably a single-column double-arm type shed frame, the column distance is 5-6 m, and the height of the shed frame is 2-2.5 m. Selecting thick and strong young shoots to be cultured as main vines, and culturing 3-5 main vines for each seedling. And (3) pinching when the tip of the main vine grows to 50-60 cm, reserving 2-4 axial secondary tips on the main vine, and reserving 7-8 leaves on the secondary tips for pinching.
4. And (3) spraying nutrient solution with the mass fraction concentration of 2-3 per thousand to leaves 15-20 days before the flowering of the grapes, wherein the using amount is 45L/mu.
5. And respectively spraying gibberellin aqueous solution once in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the grapes, wherein the spraying range is that the gibberellin aqueous solution is the whole plant, the dosage concentration of each gibberellin aqueous solution is 20-25 mg/L, and the dosage of each gibberellin aqueous solution is 45L/mu.
6. After the grapes are set, 25-30 kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of grapes, the amount of the ears is controlled 10-15 days after the grapes are set, and the nursing liquid is sprayed every 15-20 days. The method for controlling the amount of the ears comprises the following steps: and (4) removing too large ears, too small ears and special ears, keeping the weight of each ear to be 1-1.5 kg, and keeping the weight of each ear to be not more than 2000 ears per mu.
7. And (3) additionally applying 20-25 kg of potassium fertilizer and 15-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu (wherein the molar ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium is 15: 15: 15) in the fruit expanding period.
8. Spraying 3-5 per mill (mass fraction) of monopotassium phosphate on leaf surfaces 15-20 days before fruits are mature, wherein the dosage is 45 kg/mu.
9. And performing other methods which are not recorded according to the existing management method for planting the grapes, and harvesting after the grapes are ripe.
The invention also provides a base fertilizer matched with the grape cultivation method.
The base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of corn straw, 5-10 parts of rice bran, 2.5-5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-2 parts of urea, 0.8-1.5 parts of bacterial fertilizer and 0.02-0.5 part of boron-zinc fertilizer.
The bacterial manure comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of bacillus subtilis (with the viable bacteria amount of 200 hundred million CFU/ml), 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis (with the viable bacteria amount of 200 hundred million CFU/g), 20 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of bran, 2 parts of chitosan, 8 parts of furfural residue, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate and 10 parts of potassium sulfate.
The invention also provides a nutrient solution matched with the grape cultivation method.
According to the mass parts, 25-35 parts of calcium ligninsulphate, 1-1.5 parts of borax, 50-60 parts of quillaja triterpene glycoside, 3-5 parts of glycine and 1-3 parts of alanine are fully mixed, diluted by 1000-1200 times by adding water and fully dissolved to obtain the finished product.
The invention also provides a nursing solution matched with the grape cultivation method, and various trace elements required by grape growth can be comprehensively supplemented. Under the same other conditions, compared with the condition without the care solution, the fruit retention rate of the grapes is improved by about 10 percent, and the weight of a single fruit is increased by about 12 percent.
According to the mass parts, 10-15 parts of borax, 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of polysorbate, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium caseinate, 2-4 parts of calcium chloride and 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate are fully mixed, diluted by 800-1000 times with water and fully dissolved to obtain the calcium caseinate.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments below.
Example one
1. The planting of the grapes produced in the Kren's day was carried out according to the above-described planting method (the grapes produced in the subsequent examples and comparative examples were all of this variety). In this embodiment, the various planting parameters are: the pH value of the soil is 6.3, the width of the planting ditch is 80cm, the depth of the planting ditch is 80cm, and the row spacing of the planting ditch is 4 m. 1-year-old grape seedlings are selected, the spacing between grape seedlings is 1.5m, watering is carried out, and the soil humidity is kept at 60%. When the grape seedlings are transplanted, the using amount of the Chinese shrewingwood particles is 15 g/plant. The dose of the diammine is 15 kg/mu before grape seedlings sprout. The shed frame is a single-column double-arm type shed frame, the column distance is 5m, and the height is 2 m. After sprouting and treetop extraction, culturing 3 main vines for each grape seedling; pinching when the main vines grow to 50 cm; the axial growth of the main vine is reserved with 2 auxiliary tips, and 7 leaf pinching is reserved on the auxiliary tips. Spraying nutrient solution 15 days before blooming, wherein the dosage is as follows: 37.5 kg/mu.
Gibberellin aqueous solution of 20mg/L is sprayed once in the initial flowering phase and full flowering phase of the grapes, and the fruit setting rate of the grapes is improved. After the grapes are set, 25kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of grapes, and the quantity of the ears is controlled 10 days after the grapes are set. Spraying the care solution every 10 days after fruit setting, wherein the dosage is as follows: 45 kg/mu. It should be noted that comparative tests were conducted in each example of the present invention in which the treatment solution was sprayed every 10 days, 15 days and 20 days. And the interval time for spraying the care solution is selected by integrating the yield, the fruit cracking rate and the cost of the grapes. The results show that this example requires 1 spray every 10 days. In the second example, the effect of spraying every 20 days is equivalent to that of spraying every 10 days; the effect of spraying every 15 days of example three was comparable to that of spraying every 10 days.
In the fruit expanding period, 20kg of potash fertilizer and 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer are additionally applied to each mu of fruit to enlarge fruit grains. 5% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed 15 days before the fruits are ripe to promote the fruits and branches to be ripe.
2. The base fertilizer used in the embodiment is as follows: 15 parts of corn straw, 10 parts of rice bran, 2.5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5 part of urea, 0.8 part of bacterial fertilizer and 0.02 part of boron-zinc fertilizer.
The bacterial manure is as follows: 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of endophytic bacillus licheniformis, 20 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of bran, 2 parts of chitosan, 8 parts of furfural residue, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate and 10 parts of potassium sulfate.
The nutrient solution is as follows: 25 parts of calcium lignin sulfate, 1 part of borax, 50 parts of quillaja triterpene glycoside, 3 parts of glycine and 1 part of alanine, and the components are diluted by 1000 times by adding water.
The care solution is as follows: 10 parts of borax, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.5 part of polysorbate, 0.5 part of calcium caseinate, 2 parts of calcium chloride and 1 part of ammonium molybdate, and adding water to dilute the mixture by 1000 times.
3. The grapes cultivated in the embodiment are uniformly colored, the sizes of the grapes are uniform, the grapes are full, the yield per mu is 2850kg, and the fruit cracking rate is 1.5%.
Example two
1. And (5) planting the grapes according to the planting method. In this embodiment, the various planting parameters are: the soil pH is 7.3, the width of the planting ditch is 120cm, the depth of the planting ditch is 50cm, and the row spacing of the planting ditch is 3 m. Selecting 1-year-old grape seedlings, wherein the plant spacing of the grape seedlings is 2m, and watering to keep the soil humidity at 70%. When the grape seedlings are transplanted, the consumption of the shrinkage-shrine particles is 30g per plant. The dosage of the diammine is 25 kg/mu before grape seedlings sprout. The shed frame is a single-column double-arm type shed frame, the column spacing is 6m, and the height of the shed frame is 2.5 m. After sprouting, culturing 5 main vines for each grape seedling; pinching when the main vines grow to 60 cm; 4 branch auxiliary tips of the axial growth on the main vines are reserved, and 8 leaf pinching parts are reserved on the auxiliary tips. Spraying nutrient solution 20 days before blooming, wherein the dosage is as follows: 37.5 kg/mu.
Gibberellin aqueous solution of 25mg/L is sprayed once in the initial flowering phase and full flowering phase of the grapes, and the fruit setting rate of the grapes is improved. And (3) topdressing 30kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu after the grapes are set, and controlling the quantity of ears 15 days after the grapes are set. Spraying the care solution every 20 days after fruit setting, wherein the dosage is as follows: 45 kg/mu.
Additionally applying 25kg of potash fertilizer and 20kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu in the fruit expansion period to enlarge fruit grains. 8% monopotassium phosphate is sprayed 20 days before fruits are ripe to promote fruits and branches to be ripe.
2. The base fertilizer used in the embodiment is as follows: 10 parts of corn straw, 5 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 2 parts of urea, 1.5 parts of bacterial fertilizer and 0.5 part of boron-zinc fertilizer.
The bacterial manure is as follows: 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of endophytic bacillus licheniformis, 20 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of bran, 2 parts of chitosan, 8 parts of furfural residue, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate and 10 parts of potassium sulfate.
The nutrient solution is as follows: 35 parts of calcium lignin sulfate, 1.5 parts of boron, 60 parts of quillaja triterpene glucoside, 5 parts of glycine and 3 parts of alanine, and the components are diluted by 1200 times by adding water.
The care solution is as follows: 15 parts of borax, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 1.5 parts of polysorbate, 1.5 parts of calcium caseinate, 4 parts of calcium chloride and 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, and the mixture is diluted by 800 times by adding water.
3. The grapes cultivated in the embodiment are uniformly colored, are uniform in size, are full in grains, have the yield per mu of 2800kg and have the fruit cracking rate of 1 percent.
EXAMPLE III
1. And (4) planting the grapes according to the planting method. In this embodiment, the various planting parameters are: the soil pH is 7.0, the width of the planting ditch is 100cm, the depth of the planting ditch is 70cm, and the row spacing of the planting ditch is 3 m. 2-year-old grape seedlings are selected, the spacing between grape seedlings is 2m, and watering is carried out to keep the soil humidity at 70%. When the grape seedlings are transplanted, the consumption of the shrinkage-shrine particles is 25g per plant. The dose of the diammine is 20 kg/mu before grape seedlings sprout. The shed frame is a single-column double-arm type shed frame, the column spacing is 6m, and the height of the shed frame is 2.5 m. After sprouting and treetop extraction, culturing 4 main vines for each grape seedling; pinching when the main vines grow to 55 cm; 3 branch auxiliary tips of the axial growth on the main vines are reserved, and 8 leaf pinching parts are reserved on the auxiliary tips. Spraying nutrient solution 20 days before flowering, wherein the dosage is as follows: 37.5 kg/mu.
23mg/L gibberellin aqueous solution is sprayed once in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of the grapes, and the fruit setting rate of the grapes is improved. After the grapes are set, 28kg of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to each mu of grapes, and the quantity of the ears is controlled 13 days after the grapes are set. Spraying the care solution every 15 days after fruit setting, wherein the dosage is as follows: 45 kg/mu.
Additionally applying 23kg of potassium fertilizer and 18kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu in the fruit expansion period to enlarge fruit grains. 6% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed 18 days before the fruit is mature to promote the fruit and branch to be mature.
2. The base fertilizer used in the embodiment is as follows: 13 parts of corn straw, 8 parts of rice bran, 3 parts of calcium superphosphate, 1 part of urea, 1 part of bacterial fertilizer and 0.3 part of boron-zinc fertilizer.
The bacterial manure is as follows: 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 3 parts of endophytic bacillus licheniformis, 20 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of bran, 2 parts of chitosan, 8 parts of furfural residue, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate and 10 parts of potassium sulfate.
The nutrient solution is as follows: 35 parts of calcium ligninsulphate, 1 part of boron, 60 parts of quillaja triterpene glycoside, 4 parts of glycine and 2 parts of alanine, and adding water for diluting by 1200 times.
The care solution is as follows: 18 parts of borax, 4 parts of manganese sulfate, 1 part of polysorbate, 1 part of calcium caseinate, 2 parts of calcium chloride and 2 parts of ammonium molybdate, and the mixture is diluted by 800 times by adding water.
3. The grapes cultivated in the embodiment are uniformly colored, are uniform in size, are full in grains, have a yield per mu of 2960kg and have a fruit cracking rate of 1.2%.
Comparative example
The planting is carried out according to the method with the application number of CN201410840728.5, the yield per mu is 1900kg, and the fruit cracking rate is 8.4 percent.
Claims (6)
1. A grape cultivation method for reducing fruit cracking rate is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) opening a planting ditch, applying a base fertilizer in the planting ditch, covering soil and backfilling; the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of corn straw, 5-10 parts of rice bran, 2.5-5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-2 parts of urea, 0.8-1.5 parts of bacterial manure and 0.02-0.5 part of boron-zinc fertilizer; the bacterial manure comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of bacillus subtilis with the viable bacteria amount of 200 hundred million CFU/ml, 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis with the viable bacteria amount of 200 hundred million CFU/g, 20 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of bran, 2 parts of chitosan, 8 parts of furfural residue, 10 parts of ammonium sulfate and 10 parts of potassium sulfate;
(2) transplanting grape seedlings into the planting furrows;
(3) before grape seedlings sprout, diammonium phosphate is added;
(4) after grape seedlings germinate and sprout, selecting thick and strong new shoots to culture as main vines, and culturing 3-5 main vines for each seedling; pinching when the main vine tip grows to 50-60 cm, reserving 2-4 axial secondary tips on the main vine, and reserving 7-8 leaves on the secondary tips for pinching;
(5) spraying nutrient solution on leaves 15-20 days before the grapes bloom; the preparation method of the nutrient solution comprises the following steps: fully and uniformly mixing 25-35 parts of calcium ligninsulphate, 1-1.5 parts of borax, 50-60 parts of quillaja triterpene glycoside, 3-5 parts of glycine and 1-3 parts of alanine according to parts by weight, adding water for diluting by 1000-1200 times, and fully dissolving;
(6) spraying gibberellin aqueous solution once in the initial flowering phase and full flowering phase of the grapes respectively;
(7) after grapes are set, applying 25-30 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu, controlling the amount of ears 10-15 days after fruit setting, and spraying a care solution every 15-20 days; the preparation method of the care solution comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, 10-15 parts of borax, 3-5 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.5-1.5 parts of polysorbate, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium caseinate, 2-4 parts of calcium chloride and 1-2 parts of ammonium molybdate are fully mixed, and are diluted by 800-1000 times with water and fully dissolved;
(8) in the fruit expanding period, additionally applying 20-25 kg of potash fertilizer and 15-20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu;
(9) and spraying monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces 15-20 days before the fruits are mature.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the grape is grown with reduced fruit cracking rate, and wherein the method further comprises: the method for backfilling the covering soil in the step (1) comprises the following steps: firstly applying a layer of base fertilizer to the bottom of the planting ditch, burying a layer of soil on the base fertilizer, then applying a layer of base fertilizer on the buried soil layer, repeating the steps alternately until the base fertilizer is applied to 2/3 deep in the ditch, and then filling the planting ditch with soil; the thickness of the single-layer base fertilizer layer is 10-12 cm, and the thickness of the single-layer soil layer is 5-6 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the grape is grown with reduced fruit cracking rate, and wherein the method further comprises: in the step (2), when the grape seedlings are transplanted into the planting ditches, the excavation depth is 15-20 cm; meanwhile, 15-30 g of China shrine particles/plants are applied to one side of the planting ditch.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the grape is grown with reduced fruit cracking rate, and wherein the method further comprises: the concentration of the gibberellin water solution in the step (6) is 20-25 mg/L.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the grape is grown with reduced fruit cracking rate, and wherein the method further comprises: the method for controlling the amount of the ears in the step (7) comprises the following steps: keeping the weight of each ear at 1-1.5 kg, and the quantity of the ears per mu is less than or equal to 2000 ears.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the grape is grown with reduced fruit cracking rate, and wherein the method further comprises: and (4) the concentration of the monopotassium phosphate in the step (9) is 3-5 per mill by mass fraction.
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| CN102440169A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-05-09 | 江门市杰士植物营养有限公司 | Labor-saving method for cultivating high-quality grapes |
| CN106069572A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-11-09 | 谢晓玲 | A kind of green high-yield culture technique of Fructus Vitis viniferae |
| CN106954517A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-07-18 | 余飞强 | A kind of cultural method of grape |
| CN108605642A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-10-02 | 桐梓县小水芦柑专业合作社 | A kind of purple grape implantation methods |
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| FR2729537A1 (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1996-07-26 | Bernabe Henri Guy Marie | ABOVE GROUND PRODUCTION SYSTEM FOR VINE GRAFT HOLDINGS WITH VEGETABLE CYCLE ELONGATION |
| CN104604628A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2015-05-13 | 天津市蓟县媛庆葡萄种植专业合作社 | Grape cultivating method suitable for mountain vineyards |
| CN104322349A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-02-04 | 和县朱韩种植家庭农场 | Summer black grape planting method |
| CN107360937A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-21 | 安徽鹏翔生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of grape |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102440169A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-05-09 | 江门市杰士植物营养有限公司 | Labor-saving method for cultivating high-quality grapes |
| CN106069572A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-11-09 | 谢晓玲 | A kind of green high-yield culture technique of Fructus Vitis viniferae |
| CN106954517A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-07-18 | 余飞强 | A kind of cultural method of grape |
| CN108605642A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-10-02 | 桐梓县小水芦柑专业合作社 | A kind of purple grape implantation methods |
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