CN101633590A - Nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and the fertilizer contains a certain amount of nano-carbon and rare-earth compound. The better ratio of the content of the nano-carbon in the total weight of the fertilizer is 0.01 percent to 0.9 percent, and the better ratio of the content of the rare-earth in the total weight is 0.001 percent to 0.1 percent. The better rare-earth compound is rare-earth nitrate, and the better size of the nano-carbon is 5 to 70 nanometers. A set of control device quantitatively inputting the nano-carbon and the rear-earth is added in the preparation method, and a complex formed by nano-carbon rare-earth additives and the fertilizer or a uniformly mixed crystalloid fertilizer is made. Taking carbamide as example, nitrogen use efficiency of the prior carbamide is only 35 percent, and the longevity is as short as 40 to 60 days. The nitrogen use efficiency of the nano-carbon rare-earth carbamide fertilizer is enhanced to 45 percent to 60 percent, and the nano-carbon rare-earth carbamide fertilizer has obvious effects for increasing production and saving fertilizer. The longevity can be prolonged to 70 to 100 days, and the invention can be used as a basic fertilizer or for early top dressing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer, specifically is a kind of rare-earth synergistic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Rare earth element is exactly lanthanon-lanthanum in the periodic table of chemical element (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), and with closely-related two the element-scandiums of 15 elements (Sc) of group of the lanthanides and yttrium (Y) totally 17 kinds of elements, be called rare earth element (Rare Earth), be called for short rare earth (RE or R).
1789 at that time people the water-insoluble solid oxide compound completely is called " soil ", and these elements are very rare, so it is called " rare earth ".Someone is called rare earth " VITAMIN " of metallurgical work and agricultural.Rare earth is the physiological regulation agent of plant-growth, and farm crop are had volume increase, improve quality and resistance three big features; Rare earth belongs to low toxicity material simultaneously, to the person poultry harmless, and environmentally safe; Rationally use rare earth, can make farm crop strengthen drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant and lodging tolerance.Current Chinese farmland is used the rare earth area and is reached 5,000～7, and 0,000,000 mu/year, be 6～800,000,000 kilograms of country's volume increase grain, cotton, beans, oil, sugar etc., direct economic benefit is 10～1,500,000,000 yuan, 1,100～1,200 tons of year consumption rare earths.
Rare-earth seed dressing, seed soaking can increase seed vitality, promote crop seed to sprout, and improve the seedling rate of seed, are that rare earth makes a kind of vital role of crop synergic.Certain density rare earth compound seed soaking seed dressing can increase the vigor of seed, and this effect of rare earth has been applied on the field crops such as wheat, paddy rice, corn, soybean, Chinese cabbage, rape, crudefiber crop, and wherein the wheat germination increase rate reaches 8～19%.The base, nursery also utilizes this characteristic of rare earth in forestry, and seed-soaking can obviously improve its vigor.Rare earth has significant promoter action to root system of plant and cuttage root-taking.Studies show that the rice root volume ratio contrast that an amount of rare earth is handled increases 1.18 times, the root system vigor increases by 20%.The peanut test shows that also rare earth is handled the root system vigor comparison of peanut according to also increasing by 30.8%.Root growths such as field crop such as wheat, paddy rice, corn and sugarcane all have obvious facilitation: root is long to increase by 4%～10%, and root heavily increases more than 15%, and root system volume increases by 2.5%.
Rare earth can promote chlorophyllous increase, improves output and improve quality.Chlorophyll is that plant carries out photosynthetic basic substance.Chlorophyll content is high more, and photosynthetic intensity is just big more.Paddy rice sprays 3/10000ths rare earth in the seedling phase, and after after a while, the chlorophyll content comparison is according to increasing by 11.8% in the sword-like leave.Chlorophyllous increase can improve the dry-matter cumulative amount of plant, improves economic yield.Long term experiment is the result also show, rare earth promotes wheat growth, improves output 5%～10%.The increasing production of rice amplitude is that the amount of increase in production of 30kg/ mu, corn is that 41～50kg/ mu, rape yield increasing 7.6～11.4%, tealeaves on average increase production 12%～15%, vegetables such as cucumber are 25% and strawberry volume increase 30%, on other vegetables and the cash crop good effect of increasing production is arranged all also simultaneously.Rare earth has the tree seed of promotion and grows, and improves Forest products output, improves application such as quality product.Spray rare earth than the volume increase respectively 19.2%, 17.0% and 24.5% of not spraying rare earth as southern citrus, lichee and longan; Grape, apple and the pears etc. in the north increase production 22.8%, 14.7% and 11.3% respectively.In addition, fruit tree is used rare earth not only can increase output, and can improve nursery stock and fruit quality, and the sugar content of fruit, vitamin contents are improved, can promote painted, premature ripening.Rare earth and bicarbonate of ammonia bound energy obviously improve fertilizer efficiency, improve nitrogen utilization efficiency, prolong fertilizer efficiency period, economize on fertilizer, improve crop quality.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly for overcoming the shortcoming that fertilizer such as nitrogenous fertilizer such as urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and little fertilizer and fertilizer exist, improve fertilizer utilization ratio, prolong fertilizer efficiency period, prepare a kind of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: nano-sized carbon and rare earth first Application form nano-synergistic fertilizer with forms such as compound, compound, cocrystallization in fertilizer.Technical scheme can be selected urea production process for use, and the bicarbonate of ammonia production technique is improved and formed; Can select for use compound technology synthetic for acid group fertilizer; Increase fertility of land to adopt for organic fertilizer and soil itself and directly use Nano sol and transfer soil fertility; Can select the technology of spraying for use for foliage fertilization.
A kind of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer, it is characterized in that each component wherein weight percentage be:
Nano-sized carbon 0.01%～0.9%
Rare earth compound 0.001%～0.1%
All the other are fertilizer.
Described nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer is characterized in that rare earth compound is meant rare earth nitrate, and its weight percentage is 0.01%～1.0%.
Described nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer is characterized in that:
When topdressing, the weight percentage of each component is:
Nano-sized carbon 0.001%～0.09%
Rare earth compound 0.001%～0.03%
All the other are fertilizer.
During as base manure, each component weight percentage be:
Nano-sized carbon 0.003%～0.3%
Rare earth compound 0.003%～0.1%
All the other are fertilizer.
Described nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer, the round shaped grain diameter that it is characterized in that nano-sized carbon is 5～70 nanometers.
Described nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer is characterized in that described fertilizer is meant the fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium element; Perhaps granular urea, macrobead bicarbonate of ammonia, macrobead phosphate fertilizer, macrobead potash fertilizer, macrobead humic acid particle fertilizer, powdery phosphate fertilizer, powdery potash fertilizer and an amount of in, trace element.
The preparation method of described nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer, it is characterized in that it being that the quantitative input control apparatus of a cover is set, join in the flow process of producing fertilizer rare earth compound and nano-sized carbon are quantitative by this equipment, make rare earth compound, nano-sized carbon and the cocrystallization complex body of fertilizer formation or the eutectiform fertilizer that mixes.
The preparation method of described nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer, it is characterized in that being provided with storagetank, the quantitative input control apparatus of a cover that volume pump and powder sprayer are formed, rare earth compound, nano-sized carbon mixing powder quantitatively spray in the high-order fertilizer liquid spray column and adhere to the formation bag by the type enhanced fertilizer with the high temperature fertiliser granulates through powder sprayer.
The preparation method of described nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer, it is characterized in that being provided with storagetank, the quantitative input control apparatus of a cover that volume pump and dissolving tank are formed, rare earth compound, nano-sized carbon mixed solvent are through storagetank, volume pump quantitatively is input to dissolving tank, and enters flash drum behind the urea soln thorough mixing, sloughs moisture through one section and dual circulation again, by carrying out carbamide granulation in the high-order fertilizer liquid spray column, generate cocrystallization complex body nano-carbon rare-earth fertilizer.
The preparation method of described nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer, it is characterized in that directly the mixing powder of rare earth compound, nano-sized carbon is quantitatively joined in the fertiliser granulates, through add vegetables oil make nano-sized carbon and rare earth addition fully and fertilizer mix and make granular enhanced fertilizer product.
The preparation method of described nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer is characterized in that powdery nano-sized carbon and rare earth addition and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium composite fertilizer are pressed into particle; Granulating equipment is selected pair roller Squeezinggranulator and rolling Squeezinggranulator for use; To add tackiness agent and anti-hard caking agent during the pair roller extruder grain; Fertiliser granulates diameter 3～5mm.
The nano-sized carbon enhanced fertilizer has been carried out the field test of aspects such as field crop, vegetables, flowers, lawn in succession in 2007, the result shows that nano-synergistic fertilizer can make vegetable crop volume increase 20%～40% such as radish, eggplant, tomato; On flowers, show root system and obviously urge outstanding effect long, that the florescence is done sth. in advance.Especially on gramineous crop such as wheat, corn, paddy rice and oil crops, use 10%～40% effect of increasing production is arranged.Carried out winter wheat test in 2008, theory of computation output, nano-sized carbon fertilizer is than conventional fertilizer volume increase 12.34%～19.76%; Survey the product result in other test base and show that also amount of increase in production is all between 10%～20%; The test result of Different Fertilization magnitude test shows that every mu of 4kg purity nitrogen comparison is most economical rate of fertilizer application according to volume increase 21.28%.
For further verifying the effect of increasing production of nano-synergistic fertilizer on vegetables, field plot trials such as capsicum, eggplant, radish, celery, leek, fruit kohlrabi have been carried out again in 2008, wherein, radish volume increase 20%～37%, celery volume increase 12%～40%, capsicum is plucked volume increase 20%～40% mid-term, and other also has tangible volume increase trend for the examination vegetable crop.
Nano-sized carbon enhanced fertilizer and flower the more fertilizer are used and are compared, nano-synergistic fertilizer usage quantity only for flower the more 50%, also went on the market ahead of time 7 days, and corolla increases, the blade plumpness, market individual plant price increment 25% has brought remarkable economic efficiency to the flower-grower.
According to the characteristics that blood urea nitrogen forms, wish that the rare earth urease inhibitor works early stage, and the urea enzymolysis speed is slowed down, and prolongs the fertilizer efficiency period of urea; And behind the formation ammonium nitrogen, make ammonium nitrogen adsorptivity on soil micelle and clay strong by adding nano-sized carbon ammonia stablizer, reduce the volatilization loss of ammonia; And the later stage is because the effect of nano-sized carbon nitrification inhibitor slows down ammonium nitrogen to change into nitric nitrogen the pollution of minimizing edatope as far as possible.
Such as, fertilizer is as a kind of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, and it is applicable to various soil and crop, and fertilizer efficiency is fast, and soil is not had acidification.High and have under the situation that moisture exists in temperature, enzymolysis forms ammonium nitrogen fertilizer easily, and generally the nitrogen utilization efficiency of this fertilizer can bring up to 45%～50% by original 34%～40%, improves 10～15 percentage points of nitrogen utilization efficiencies.Fertilizer efficiency period can reach 80～100 days.
The characteristics of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer are:
1, find that first nano-carbon rare-earth is added in outstanding effect of increasing production is arranged in the fertilizer, nano material is used in fertilizer, has filled up the blank of fertilizer field, does not at home and abroad appear in the newspapers.
2, by a large amount of field tests, found nano-carbon rare-earth and fertilizer bonded science consumption, amount of increase in production is obvious on land for growing field crops, vegetables, flowers and other crops.
Find in the research process that 3, nano-carbon rare-earth is an ideal ammonia stablizer, the urea that adds nano-carbon rare-earth can reduce the ammonia volatilization amount, and basic controlling is lived the volatilization loss of ammonia.
4, the environmental benefit of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer, show according to the world environments statistical information, the greenhouse gas emission total amount that the use chemical fertilizer causes is up to 17%, nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer can make crop yield increase more than 10%, on equal yield level, can reduce fertilizer amount more than 10%, can increase soil CO2 fixed amount, be equivalent to reduce greenhouse gas emission 1.7%.
5, nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer has good benefits in environment, raising that can be in various degree and the quality of improving food crop, vegetable crop and fruit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer prescription: make the nitrogen masterbatch with bicarbonate of ammonia, add nano-sized carbon 0.01%～0.6%; Add rare earth nitrate 0.001%～0.02% again.Can add an amount of ammonia stablizer DCD etc. again, synthesis of nano rare-earth synergistic carbon ammonium.
Nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer can prolong fertilizer efficiency period and reduce the nitrated loss of fertilizer, so show obvious joint fertilizer efficiency fruit arranged on the equal yield level, on general fertility level, use nano-sized carbon and rare earth addition mixed type synergistic urea fertilizer, can save with fertile 30% with equal yield line, equal rate of fertilizer application can increase production 10%～20%, and fertilizer efficiency period can prolong 90～110 days, and nitrogen utilization efficiency improves 10 percentage points (table 1).Use this kind fertilizer not only can save fertile volume increase, and can improve the environmental benefit of chemical fertilizer again, reduce greenhouse gas emissions (table 2).
Nitrogen utilization efficiency test in sub-district between table 1 nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer corn field
| Handle and rate of fertilizer application (kg nitrogen/20m 2) | Than CK stimulation ratio (%) | Than (ABC) stimulation ratio (%) | Than (re) stimulation ratio (%) | Nitrogen utilization efficiency (%) |
| ??CK(0) | ??0 | ??0 | ||
| ??(ABC)(4.41) | ??33.51 | ?0 | ??34.26. | |
| ??(ABC)(re)(1.63) | ??60.09 | ?19.91 | ??0 | ??45.06 |
| ??(mc)(re)(ABC) ??(4.41) | ??62.10 | ?21.42 | ??1.26 | ??46.78 |
F＝1.17＜F
0.05＝3.59
Nano-carbon rare-earth additive synergistic urea fertilizer can improve 12.52 percentage points of nitrogen utilization efficiencies than common urea.
Embodiment 2
The nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer prescription: with urea is the plain masterbatch of ammonia, adds nano-sized carbon 0.01%～0.6%; Add rare earth nitrate 0.001%～0.02% again; Can add an amount of urease inhibitor hydroquinone etc., synthesis of nano rare-earth synergistic urea again.
Table 2 is used increase CO2 storage capacity (ton) in sub-district between the nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer corn field
| Handle and rate of fertilizer application (kg nitrogen/20m 2) | Just full biomass (ton) | Hectare CO2 reserves (ton) | Just increase CO2 reserves (ton) | Just increase CO2 storage rate (%) | (Kg) N increases CO2 storage (Kg) |
| ??CK | ??13.43 | ?28.12 | ?0 | ?0 | ?0 |
| ??(ur)(4.41) | ??17.93 | ?37.58 | ?9.46 | ?33.64 | ?41.49 |
| ??(re)(1.63) | ??21.50 | ?45.06 | ?16.94 | ?60.24 | ?74.30 |
| ?(nmc)(re)(ur) ?(4.41) | ??21.77 | ??45.61 | ??17.49 | ??62.20 | ??76.71 |
Nano-sized carbon (nmc) rare earth (re) additive synergistic urea (ur) fertilizer is than common urea, and per kilogram (Kg) nitrogen (N) can increase by 35.22 kilograms of soil CO2 storage capacitys (Kg).
Embodiment 3
Nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer prescription: make masterbatch with bicarbonate of ammonia, add nano-sized carbon 0.01%～0.6%; Add rare earth 0.001%～0.02% again; Add an amount of steady agent DCD of ammonia etc., the synthesis of nano rare-earth synergistic fertilizer.
Table 3 nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer two excellent 798, the two excellent 408 rice varieties difference amount of executing theoretical yields
| Kind | Rate of fertilizer application is handled | Effective fringe (ten thousand fringe/mu) | Full grain number per spike (grain) | Thousand seed weight (gram) | Output (public affairs are scolded/mu) | Stimulation ratio (%) |
| Two excellent 798 | ??100％(ur) | ??16.11965 | ??150 | ??30 | ??725.3 | ??0 |
| Two excellent 798 | ??70％(nmc)(re)(ur) | ??16.30864 | ??164.5 | ??31 | ??813.66 | ??12.2 |
| Two excellent 408 | ??100％(ur) | ??16.89784 | ??128.8 | ??32.8 | ??713.87 | ??0 |
| Two excellent 408 | ??70％(nmc)(re)(ur) | ??17.34252 | ??149.8 | ??32.2 | ??836.5 | ??17.2 |
Nano-sized carbon (nmc) rare earth (re) additive synergistic urea (ur) fertilizer has tangible volume increase and the fertile effect of joint, is 88～122 kilograms of grains in the hybrid rice amount of increase in production, and stimulation ratio is 12.2%～17.2%, average out to 14.7%.Under the situation of above-mentioned volume increase, can save fertile 30%.
Embodiment 4
The nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer prescription: with urea is masterbatch, is equipped with phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and its proportioning is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=17: 4: 12, with addition of 0.01%～0.6% nano-sized carbon, add rare earth nitrate 0.001%～0.02% more again, add part ammonia stablizer DCD again and compound is the nano rare earth composite fertilizer.
Table 4 is used nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer at the capsicum fresh fruit product record of resurveying
| Capsicum fertilizer is handled | The average fruit in sub-district heavy (Kg) | The mu finished product is heavy (Kg) really | Mu finished product fruit units increased in production (Kg) | Every mu of finished product fruit stimulation ratio (%) | Every mu of finished product fruit stimulation ratio (%) |
| Nano-carbon modified dose | ??21.53 | ??3990 | ??0 | ??0 | |
| Urea (ur) compound fertilizer | ??31.30 | ??5015 | ??1025 | ??25.69 | ??0 |
| Nano-sized carbon azophoska compound fertilizer | ??33.73 | ??6250 | ??2260 | ??56.64 | ??24.63 |
| Nano-sized carbon changes nitrogen (N) compound fertilizer | ??33.83 | ??6269 | ??2279 | ??57.12 | ??25.00 |
| Nano-sized carbon changes phosphorus (P 2O 5) compound fertilizer | ??34.97 | ??6479 | ??2489 | ??62.38 | ??28.20 |
| Nano-sized carbon changes potassium (K 2O) compound fertilizer | ??36.60 | ??6781 | ??2791 | ??69.95 | ??35.21 |
Survey the product result and show that nano-sized carbon not only plays synergism to nitrogenous fertilizer, and phosphorus potash fertilizer is played synergism too.Nano-sized carbon adds K earlier
2Behind the O, other fertilizer that add equivalent again are than the fertile volume increase 35.21% of urea compound, and nano-sized carbon adds P earlier
2O
5After, other fertilizer that add equivalent more all are better than nano-sized carbon and add nitrogen manure earlier than the fertile volume increase 28.2% of urea compound.This test-results proves that nano-sized carbon can activate the phosphorus of soil, the trophic level of potassium element, can reduce the fixing of soil phosphorus, promotes the release of soil interlayer potassium, increases soil potential fertility.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer, it is characterized in that each component wherein weight percentage be:
Nano-sized carbon 0.01%～0.9%
Rare earth compound 0.001%～0.1%
All the other are fertilizer.
2, nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that rare earth compound is meant rare earth nitrate, and its weight percentage is 0.01%～1.0%.
3, nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
When topdressing, the weight percentage of each component is:
Nano-sized carbon 0.001%～0.09%
Rare earth compound 0.001%～0.03%
All the other are fertilizer;
During as base manure, each component weight percentage be:
Nano-sized carbon 0.003%～0.3%
Rare earth compound 0.003%～0.1%
All the other are fertilizer.
4, nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer according to claim 1, the round shaped grain diameter that it is characterized in that nano-sized carbon is 5～70 nanometers.
5, nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fertilizer is meant the fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium element; Perhaps granular urea, macrobead bicarbonate of ammonia, macrobead phosphate fertilizer, macrobead potash fertilizer, macrobead humic acid particle fertilizer, powdery phosphate fertilizer, powdery potash fertilizer and an amount of in, trace element.
6, the preparation method of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that it being that the quantitative input control apparatus of a cover is set, join in the flow process of producing fertilizer rare earth compound and nano-sized carbon are quantitative by this equipment, make rare earth compound, nano-sized carbon and the cocrystallization complex body of fertilizer formation or the eutectiform fertilizer that mixes.
7, the preparation method of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer according to claim 6, it is characterized in that being provided with storagetank, the quantitative input control apparatus of a cover that volume pump and powder sprayer are formed, rare earth compound, nano-sized carbon mixing powder quantitatively spray in the high-order fertilizer liquid spray column and adhere to the formation bag by the type enhanced fertilizer with the high temperature fertiliser granulates through powder sprayer.
8, the preparation method of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer according to claim 6, it is characterized in that being provided with storagetank, the quantitative input control apparatus of a cover that volume pump and dissolving tank are formed, rare earth compound, nano-sized carbon mixed solvent are through storagetank, volume pump quantitatively is input to dissolving tank, and enters flash drum behind the urea soln thorough mixing, sloughs moisture through one section and dual circulation again, by carrying out carbamide granulation in the high-order fertilizer liquid spray column, generate cocrystallization complex body nano-carbon rare-earth fertilizer.
9, the preparation method of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer according to claim 6, it is characterized in that directly the mixing powder of rare earth compound, nano-sized carbon is quantitatively joined in the fertiliser granulates, through add vegetables oil make nano-sized carbon and rare earth addition fully and fertilizer mix and make granular enhanced fertilizer product.
10, the preparation method of nano-carbon rare-earth synergistic fertilizer according to claim 6 is characterized in that powdery nano-sized carbon and rare earth addition and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium composite fertilizer are pressed into particle; Granulating equipment is selected pair roller Squeezinggranulator and rolling Squeezinggranulator for use; To add tackiness agent and anti-hard caking agent during the pair roller extruder grain; Fertiliser granulates diameter 3～5mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101362659B (en) * | 2007-08-10 | 2011-07-06 | 刘键 | Nano carbon long-acting environment friendly compound fertilizer |
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