CN108901735B - Efficient crop rotation fertilizing method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving peanut plumpness - Google Patents

Efficient crop rotation fertilizing method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving peanut plumpness Download PDF

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CN108901735B
CN108901735B CN201810827287.3A CN201810827287A CN108901735B CN 108901735 B CN108901735 B CN 108901735B CN 201810827287 A CN201810827287 A CN 201810827287A CN 108901735 B CN108901735 B CN 108901735B
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peanuts
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wheat
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CN108901735A (en
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李燕
谭德水
房锋
魏建林
吴小宾
李国生
崔荣宗
杨龙
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SHANDONG CHINGSHANG CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd.
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency crop rotation fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving the peanut plumpness, which comprises the following steps: fertilizing and sowing winter wheat, ditching and applying peanut base fertilizer at two rhizomes of wheat after wheat is harvested in the next year, wherein the peanut base fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer for peanut, calcium superphosphate and humic acid raw powder, sowing peanut in a one-hole two-grain sowing mode after the peanut base fertilizer is applied, in the period of peanut pod bearing and plump fruit, a foliar fertilizer and chitosan oligosaccharide special for peanuts are applied by a method of foliage spraying to promote the formation of peanut pods, when the color of peanut leaves turns yellow, the stem leaves at the middle and lower parts are dried, the invention can harvest the peanuts, can improve the physicochemical property of the soil and the soil fertility, can also reduce the influence of plant diseases and insect pests on the peanuts and relieve the continuous cropping obstacle of the peanuts by changing the fertilization and fertilization modes on the basis of the crop rotation of the wheat and the peanuts, meanwhile, the growth vigor of the peanuts is promoted to be vigorous, the plump rate of the peanuts is improved, the yield of the peanuts is improved, and the sustainable development of the peanut industry is facilitated.

Description

Efficient crop rotation fertilizing method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving peanut plumpness
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-efficiency crop rotation fertilizing method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving the peanut plumpness, belonging to the technical field of agricultural fertilization.
Background
Peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) are important economic crops and oil crops in China, the total output of the peanuts in China accounts for about 50% of the total output of the oil crops, in the oil crops in China, the unit yield, the total yield and the export of the peanuts are in the top, the production scale of a large number of grain crops is in a continuously decreasing trend along with the deep adjustment of the planting industry structure in the national range, and the production scale of the peanuts is continuously increased. Compared with other oil crops, the peanuts have the characteristics of large production scale, high planting benefit, high oil yield, good oil quality and strong international market competitiveness, so the development of the peanut industry has great significance for guaranteeing safe oil supply in China.
Peanuts are a crop that is sensitive to continuous cropping. The continuous cropping peanuts have the disadvantages of slow growth, short and small plants, low yield and poor quality. Generally, the yield of peanuts is reduced by 3-5% in one continuous cropping year, 5-10% in two continuous cropping years, 10-15% in three continuous cropping years, 20% in four continuous cropping years and 5 years or more in continuous cropping, and the yield of peanuts is always at a lower level. Due to the relatively high planting benefit of peanuts and the limitation of planting soil, the peanuts are often planted in a large scale in a piece-by-piece mode for many years, and some peanuts are even planted in a continuous mode for 10-20 years. The continuous cropping of the peanuts can inhibit the growth and development of the peanuts, hinder the accumulation of dry matters, weaken the photosynthesis, reduce the nutrition level in plants and increase the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests, thereby causing the reduction of the yield and the quality of the peanuts and the reduction of the economic benefit. The continuous cropping obstacle seriously affects the yield and quality of peanuts and is not beneficial to the sustainable development of the peanut industry. The accumulation of autotoxic substances, the increase of pathogenic bacteria, the unbalance of soil microbial communities and the deterioration of soil physicochemical properties are considered to be main factors of the peanut continuous cropping obstacle.
At present, the continuous cropping obstacles of peanuts are mainly prevented, controlled and solved by crop rotation and stubble changing, continuous cropping resistant varieties, biological agents, special continuous cropping fertilizers and the like, and the continuous cropping obstacles cannot be relieved by conventional common fertilizers and cultivation modes, so that a high-efficiency and reasonable cultivation and fertilization combined planting system is urgently needed, the cost is saved, the high benefit is obtained, the continuous cropping obstacles can be relieved, the soil conditions are improved, and the plant diseases and insect pests are relieved.
In addition, in the peanut kernel forming period, various trace elements cannot meet the growth requirement of peanuts, so that the peanut plumpness rate is low, the peanut yield is reduced, how to improve the peanut plumpness rate and increase the peanut yield is one of the main subjects and problems of the research of the peanut planting industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a high-efficiency crop rotation fertilizing method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving the plumpness of peanuts.
On the basis of wheat and peanut rotation, by changing the fertilization and fertilization modes, the invention can improve the physicochemical property of soil, improve the soil fertility, reduce the influence of plant diseases and insect pests on peanuts, relieve the continuous cropping obstacle of the peanuts, promote the growth vigor of the peanuts, improve the peanut plumpness rate, improve the peanut yield and be beneficial to the sustainable development of the peanut industry.
Description of terms:
wheat and peanut crop rotation: the method is characterized in that two crops of wheat and peanut are planted on the same land in turn, winter wheat is generally planted in the first ten days of October every year, peanut is planted after wheat is harvested from the bottom of the fifth month to the first six days of June, and wheat is planted after peanut is harvested in the last nine months, so that the planting period of the next round is called wheat peanut rotation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency crop rotation fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving peanut plumpness is characterized in that peanut fertilizer is fertilized during peanut planting and topdressing is performed during a pod bearing period on the basis of wheat peanut crop rotation, and the crop rotation fertilization method comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing and sowing winter wheat: before sowing winter wheat, applying a wheat base fertilizer, preparing soil, ridging and sowing the wheat, wherein the wheat base fertilizer is a special composite slow-release fertilizer and an organic fertilizer for the wheat, and the wheat is not applied any more until the harvest time of the wheat;
(2) after wheat is harvested in the next year, ditching and applying peanut base fertilizer with the ditching depth of 15-20cm on two sides of the rhizosphere of the wheat by 10-15cm, and covering soil after fertilization, wherein the peanut base fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer for peanuts, calcium superphosphate and humic acid raw powder;
(3) peanut seeding: after the peanut base fertilizer is applied, selecting the legume which is plump and has regular shape and no breakage, airing for 1-3 days before the legume is shelled, further grain selection is carried out after the legume is shelled, selecting peanut seeds with pure grain color and regular shape as seeds, and sowing the peanuts by adopting a one-hole two-grain sowing mode;
(4) topdressing in the pod bearing period: in the pod bearing and plump stage of the peanuts, a leaf surface fertilizer and chitosan oligosaccharide special for the peanuts are applied by a leaf surface spraying method so as to promote the formation of the peanut pods and reduce the later-stage diseases of the peanuts;
(5) harvesting peanuts: when the color of the peanut leaves turns yellow and the stem leaves at the middle and lower parts are dried, the peanut can be harvested and dried in the sun in time after harvesting.
According to the invention, in the step (1), the application amount of the special composite slow-release fertilizer for wheat is 30-50 kg/mu, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 100-150 kg/mu.
According to the invention, in the preferable step (1), the N content is 21 percent and the P content is 21 percent in the special composite slow release fertilizer for wheat2O5Content 9%, K2The content of O is 15 percent, and the organic fertilizer is commercial organic fertilizer.
According to the invention, in the step (1), winter wheat can be sown when the surface soil with the thickness of 0-20cm has the water content of 50-70%, the sowing quantity is 10-15 kg/mu, and sowing is carried out in the ten days of October.
Preferably, in step (2), the special compound fertilizer for peanuts comprises: urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the content of N in the special compound fertilizer for peanuts is 15 percent, and P is2O5Content 15%, K2The O content is 15%.
Preferably, in step (2), the content of CaO in the calcium superphosphate is 25%.
According to the invention, in the step (2), the content of humic acid in the raw humic acid powder is equal to or larger than 80%.
According to the invention, in the step (2), the application amount of the special compound fertilizer for peanuts is 20-40 kg/mu, the application amount of calcium superphosphate is 20-30 kg/mu, and the application amount of humic acid is 40-50 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step (3), the row spacing of the peanuts is 25-30cm, the hole spacing is 15-25cm, and the planting depth is 5-8 cm.
Preferably, in step (3), the peanut is sowed above the fertilizing and covering soil.
According to the invention, in the step (4), the foliar fertilizer special for peanuts comprises trace elements of iron, manganese, boron, zinc and molybdenum, the content of Fe + Mn + Bo + Zn + Mo is not less than 15%, and the foliar fertilizer for peanuts is sprayed by 1.0-1.5kg per mu.
The foliar fertilizer special for peanuts is a commercially available foliar fertilizer for peanuts.
Preferably, in the step (4), the chitosan oligosaccharide is added into the foliar fertilizer diluted by 800 times of 600-fold according to the proportion of 0.2-0.5g/L, and is sprayed on the peanut leaf surface together after being fully dissolved.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the efficient crop rotation fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving the peanut plumpness adopts a wheat and peanut crop rotation planting mode and a fertilization amount and a fertilization mode, and can improve soil fertility. The peanut is a leguminous plant, has different fertilizer requirement characteristics from wheat of gramineous plants, can fully absorb the nutrition in soil, realizes the complementary utilization of nutrient components, and simultaneously can utilize rhizobia to fix nitrogen, increase the nitrogen content in the soil and provide nitrogen nutrition for the wheat. And secondly, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved. Thirdly, on the basis of crop rotation of wheat and peanuts, humic acid is added into a base fertilizer of the peanuts, chitosan oligosaccharide is added during topdressing and sprayed along with leaf fertilizer, so that the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles of the peanuts is greatly reduced, the growth vigor of the peanuts is promoted, and the plumpness of the peanuts is improved.
2. According to the method, humic acid is added into the base fertilizer of the peanuts on the basis of crop rotation of the wheat peanuts, chitosan oligosaccharide is added during topdressing and is sprayed along with a foliar fertilizer, and the humic acid can improve the soil structure and adjust the pH value of the soil. By matching with the application of the fertilizer, the characteristics of the fertilizer can be changed, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. Humic acid can also stimulate the physiological metabolism of plants, promote the growth of the plants and improve the stress resistance of the plants; the chitosan oligosaccharide is added and sprayed along with the foliar fertilizer, so that the nutrient absorption of the peanuts can be promoted, the growth and development of the peanuts are facilitated, and the yield of the peanuts is improved; the close combination of humic acid and chitosan oligosaccharide reduces the invasion of indigenous microorganisms, reduces the interference on beneficial microorganisms, can induce and improve the disease resistance of peanuts, and prevents diseases in the bud.
3. The method of the invention adds the calcium superphosphate into the base fertilizer of the peanuts. Compared with other crops, the peanuts have the advantages that the calcium demand is high, the calcium fertilizer is sufficiently supplied, the plumpness rate of the legumes can be improved, and the yield of the peanuts is increased. Therefore, the added calcium superphosphate can simultaneously supply elements such as phosphorus, calcium, sulfur and the like to the peanuts, has the effect of improving alkaline soil and is beneficial to increasing the yield of the peanuts.
4. By spraying the foliar fertilizer in the pod bearing period of the peanuts, the method can provide trace elements for the later growth of the peanuts, delay the leaf senescence and be beneficial to the accumulation of peanut pod nutrients. The method of spraying the leaves is adopted, so that the leaves can quickly absorb nutrients, the water transpiration amount of the leaves can be reduced, the leaves can keep higher water content, and the aim of preventing and treating dry hot air can be fulfilled.
5. The method of the invention adopts the slow release fertilizer as the base fertilizer, can supply nutrients evenly and continuously, thereby reducing the fertilizer consumption, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, being matched with the use of the organic fertilizer, having stable and long-acting fertilizer efficiency and increasing the yield of wheat.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following embodiments of the present disclosure are further described with reference to specific experimental examples, but are not limited thereto.
The special compound slow release fertilizer for wheat is purchased from red Jindian slow release blended fertilizer of Anhui red Jindian agricultural science and technology Limited company,
the organic fertilizer is purchased from Jinan old-partner bio-fertilizer industry Co,
the foliar fertilizer special for peanuts is purchased from Hebei Handan City, which is an all-round fat from Fengpai industry Co.
Example 1
A high-efficiency crop rotation fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving the peanut plumpness rate comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing wheat No. 5 in 10 months, applying wheat slow release fertilizer 40 kg/mu and organic fertilizer 120 kg/mu per mu, firstly spreading the slow release fertilizer and the organic fertilizer on the ground surface, turning and burying for land preparation, and then ridging and planting the wheat, wherein N is P in the slow release fertilizer2O5:K2O is 21:9:15, when the surface soil with the thickness of 0-20cm has the water content of 50-70%, winter wheat can be sown, and the sowing amount is 15 kg/mu;
(2) harvesting wheat at the bottom of 5 months in the next year, after the wheat is harvested, ditching and applying peanut fertilizer within 15cm of the rhizosphere of the wheat, wherein the ditching depth is 15cm, and covering soil after the fertilizer is applied. 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer special for peanuts, 20 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 40 kg/mu of humic acid raw powder. N: P in the special compound fertilizer for peanuts2O5:K2O15: 15:15, CaO content in the calcium superphosphate was 25%. The content of humic acid in the raw humic acid powder is not less than 80 percent.
(3) After the peanut base fertilizer is applied, a sowing mode of two peanuts in one hole is adopted, peanut seeds which are large and full, neat in character and pure in color are selected for sowing, and the used peanut seeds are common varieties of summer peanuts. The row spacing of the peanut planting is 30cm, the hole spacing is 20cm, and the planting depth is 5 cm.
(4) Topdressing in the pod bearing period: and (3) topdressing foliar fertilizer and chitosan oligosaccharide special for peanuts by adopting a foliar spraying method in the pod bearing period of the peanuts. The foliar fertilizer special for peanuts is a commercially available foliar fertilizer for peanuts, and mainly comprises trace elements of iron, manganese, boron, zinc and molybdenum, wherein Fe + Mn + Bo + Zn + Mo is not less than 15%. 1.2kg of peanut leaf surface fertilizer is sprayed per mu. The chitosan oligosaccharide is added into the diluted foliar fertilizer according to the proportion of 0.3g/L, and is sprayed on the peanut foliar fertilizer together after being fully dissolved.
(5) Harvesting peanuts: harvesting when the color of peanut leaves turns yellow and middle and lower stems and leaves are dried. And (5) drying in the sun in time after harvesting.
Comparative example 1
The fertilization mode and the fertilization amount of the wheat and peanut crop rotation and the continuous cropping peanut are the same as those of the peanut fertilization mode in the embodiment 1.
Application example 1
According to the efficient crop rotation fertilization method for relieving the peanut continuous cropping obstacle in the embodiment, a field test is carried out, and the result shows that the apparent utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved by matching with the peanut fertilization mode and the fertilization amount on the basis of wheat peanut crop rotation, wherein the apparent utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 7.8 percent, the apparent utilization rate of a phosphate fertilizer is improved by 2.7 percent, the utilization rate of a potassium fertilizer is improved by 5.5 percent, and specific data are shown in table 1. The invention can obviously improve the yield of peanuts, and on the basis of wheat peanut rotation, the yield of the peanuts is increased by 15.36 percent by matching with a peanut fertilization mode and a peanut fertilizing amount compared with the simple continuous cropping peanuts, wherein the number of single plants is increased by 20.29 percent, and the weight of hundred fruits is increased by 7.15 percent. In addition, the peanut plumpness rate can be obviously improved, and the peanut plumpness rate is increased, which is shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertilization modes on the apparent utilization of fertilizers
Figure BDA0001742775010000051
TABLE 2 influence of different fertilization methods on the factors constituting the yield and yield of flowers
Figure BDA0001742775010000052
Example 2
A high-efficiency crop rotation fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving the peanut plumpness rate comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing wheat No. 8 in 10 months, applying 50 kg/mu of wheat slow release fertilizer and 150 kg/mu of organic fertilizer to each mu of wheat, firstly spreading the slow release fertilizer and the organic fertilizer on the ground surface, turning and burying for land preparation, and then ridging and planting the wheat, wherein N is P in the slow release fertilizer2O5:K2O is 21:9:15, when the surface soil with the thickness of 0-20cm has the water content of 50-70%, winter wheat can be sown, and the sowing amount is 15 kg/mu;
(2) harvesting wheat at the beginning of 6 months in the next year, after the wheat is harvested, ditching and applying peanut fertilizer within 15cm of the rhizosphere of the wheat, wherein the ditching depth is 18cm, and covering soil after the fertilizer is applied. 30 kg/mu of compound fertilizer special for peanuts, 30 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg/mu of humic acid raw powder. N: P in the special compound fertilizer for peanuts2O5:K2O15: 15:15, CaO content in the calcium superphosphate was 25%. The content of humic acid in the raw humic acid powder is not less than 80 percent.
(3) After the peanut base fertilizer is applied, a sowing mode of two peanuts in one hole is adopted, peanut seeds which are large and full, neat in character and pure in color are selected for sowing, and the used peanut seeds are common varieties of summer peanuts. The row spacing of the peanut planting is 30cm, the hole spacing is 18cm, and the planting depth is 5 cm.
(4) Topdressing in the pod bearing period: and (3) topdressing foliar fertilizer and chitosan oligosaccharide special for peanuts by adopting a foliar spraying method in the pod bearing period of the peanuts. The foliar fertilizer special for peanuts is a commercially available foliar fertilizer for peanuts, and mainly comprises trace elements of iron, manganese, boron, zinc and molybdenum, wherein Fe + Mn + Bo + Zn + Mo is not less than 15%. 1.5kg of peanut leaf surface fertilizer is sprayed per mu. The chitosan oligosaccharide is added into the diluted foliar fertilizer according to the proportion of 0.5g/L, and is sprayed on the peanut foliar fertilizer together after being fully dissolved.
(5) Harvesting peanuts: harvesting when the color of peanut leaves turns yellow and middle and lower stems and leaves are dried. And (5) drying in the sun in time after harvesting.
Comparative example 2
The wheat and peanut crop rotation, peanut fertilization, wheat fertilization amount and fertilization mode and peanut planting mode are the same as the example 2.
Comparative example 3
Wheat and peanut rotation, wheat and peanut fertilization mode and fertilization amount are the same as example 2, except that additional fertilization is not carried out during the peanut pod bearing period.
Comparative example 4
The wheat and peanut crop rotation, wheat and peanut fertilization mode and fertilization amount are the same as the example 2, except that the peanut base fertilizer is special compound fertilizer and calcium superphosphate for peanut, and humic acid raw powder is not applied.
Comparative example 5
The wheat and peanut crop rotation, wheat and peanut fertilization mode and fertilization amount are the same as the example 2, and the difference is that only foliar fertilizer special for peanut is applied during topdressing, and chitosan oligosaccharide is not added.
Application example 2
According to the efficient crop rotation fertilization method for relieving the continuous cropping obstacle of the peanuts in the embodiment, a test is carried out in the field, and the result shows that the yield of the peanuts can be remarkably improved by applying the fertilization method disclosed by the invention, compared with other fertilization methods, the yield is improved by 6.02-13.14%, and the yield is increased by 56.53% compared with the yield without fertilization. The kernel yield is improved by 3.34-7.23% compared with that of other fertilization modes, and is increased by 12.77% compared with that of the fertilization without fertilizer, which is shown in table 3. The invention also has influence on improving the peanut quality, can obviously improve the protein and fat content of peanut kernels, and reduce the content of soluble sugar, compared with other fertilization methods, the invention improves the protein content by 0.66-5.62%, improves the fat content by 1.35-4.14%, and reduces the content of soluble sugar by 4.23-26.88%; compared with the fertilizer without fertilization, the protein content is improved by 10.34%, the fat content is improved by 11.25%, and the soluble sugar content is reduced by 44.26%. The invention can also improve the relative percentage content of the oleic acid and the ratio of the oleic acid to the linoleic acid (O/L), and compared with other fertilization methods, the oleic acid content is improved by 2.87 to 8.61 percent, and the (O/L) ratio is improved by 4.37 to 16.47 percent; compared with the fertilizer without fertilization, the oleic acid content is improved by 13.51 percent, and the (O/L) ratio is improved by 20.89 percent, which is shown in the table 4.
TABLE 3 influence of different fertilization methods on the factors constituting the yield and yield of flowers
Figure BDA0001742775010000071
TABLE 4 Effect of different fertilization regimes on peanut kernel quality
Figure BDA0001742775010000072

Claims (5)

1. A high-efficiency crop rotation fertilization method for relieving continuous cropping obstacles and improving peanut plumpness is characterized in that peanut fertilizer is fertilized during peanut planting and topdressing is performed during a pod bearing period on the basis of wheat peanut crop rotation, and the crop rotation fertilization method comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizing and sowing winter wheat: before winter wheat is sowed, applying wheat base fertilizer, preparing soil,Ridging and sowing wheat, wherein the wheat base fertilizer is a special composite slow-release fertilizer and an organic fertilizer for wheat, and the fertilizer is not applied until the harvest time of wheat; the N content of the special composite slow release fertilizer for wheat is 21 percent, and the P content of the special composite slow release fertilizer for wheat is 21 percent2O5Content 9%, K2The content of O is 15 percent, and the organic fertilizer is commercial organic fertilizer;
(2) after wheat is harvested in the next year, ditching and applying peanut base fertilizer with the ditching depth of 15-20cm on two sides of the rhizosphere of the wheat by 10-15cm, and covering soil after fertilization, wherein the peanut base fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer for peanuts, calcium superphosphate and humic acid raw powder; the special compound fertilizer for peanuts comprises: urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, wherein the content of N in the special compound fertilizer for peanuts is 15 percent, and P is2O5Content 15%, K2The content of O is 15 percent; the CaO content in the calcium superphosphate is 25 percent, and the humic acid content in the humic acid raw powder is more than or equal to 80 percent;
(3) peanut seeding: after the peanut base fertilizer is applied, selecting the legume which is plump and has regular shape and no breakage, airing for 1-3 days before the legume is shelled, further grain selection is carried out after the legume is shelled, selecting peanut seeds with pure grain color and regular shape as seeds, and sowing the peanuts by adopting a one-hole two-grain sowing mode;
(4) topdressing in the pod bearing period: in the pod bearing and plump stage of the peanuts, a leaf surface fertilizer and chitosan oligosaccharide special for the peanuts are applied by a leaf surface spraying method so as to promote the formation of the peanut pods and reduce the later-stage diseases of the peanuts; the foliar fertilizer special for peanuts comprises trace elements of iron, manganese, boron, zinc and molybdenum, the content of Fe + Mn + B + Zn + Mo is more than or equal to 15%, and 1.0-1.5kg of the foliar fertilizer special for peanuts is sprayed per mu; adding chitosan oligosaccharide into the foliar fertilizer diluted by 600 times of 500-0.5 g/L according to the proportion of 0.2-0.5g/L, and spraying the chitosan oligosaccharide on the peanut foliar fertilizer together after fully dissolving;
(5) harvesting peanuts: when the color of peanut leaves turns yellow and the stem leaves at the middle and lower parts are dried, harvesting, and airing in time after harvesting.
2. The efficient rotation fertilization method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and improving the peanut plumpness as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the application amount of the special composite slow-release fertilizer for wheat is 30-50 kg/mu, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 100-150 kg/mu.
3. The high-efficiency crop rotation fertilization method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and improving peanut plumpness as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), winter wheat is sown when the surface soil moisture content of 0-20cm is 50% -70%, the sowing amount is 10-15 kg/mu, and sowing is carried out in the last ten days of October.
4. The high-efficiency rotation fertilization method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and improving the peanut plumpness as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the application amount of the special compound fertilizer for peanuts is 20-40 kg/mu, the application amount of the calcium superphosphate is 20-30 kg/mu, and the application amount of the humic acid raw powder is 40-50 kg/mu.
5. The high-efficiency crop rotation fertilization method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and improving peanut plumpness as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the row spacing of peanut planting is 25-30cm, the hole spacing is 15-25cm, the planting depth is 5-8cm, and the peanut seeding is performed above the fertilization covering soil.
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