CN114435106A - 可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构 - Google Patents

可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构 Download PDF

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CN114435106A
CN114435106A CN202210174228.7A CN202210174228A CN114435106A CN 114435106 A CN114435106 A CN 114435106A CN 202210174228 A CN202210174228 A CN 202210174228A CN 114435106 A CN114435106 A CN 114435106A
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gear
shaft
new energy
motor
drive axle
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李吉元
邓丽华
石彦辉
田鹏飞
冯光军
王明成
黄文杰
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Jiangsu Huayong Composite Materials Co Ltd
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North Tomson Transmission Technology Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/042Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H37/00Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/042Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
    • F16H37/046Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement with an additional planetary gear train, e.g. creep gear, overdrive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/0021Transmissions for multiple ratios specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H2200/00Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0034Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,包括:第一行星排,该第一行星排的太阳轮连接电机的输出轴;第一齿轮,与第一行星排的行星架连接;第二齿轮,与所述第一齿轮啮合;中间轴,与所述第二齿轮连接;第三齿轮和第四齿轮,可相对转动地套设于所述中间轴;换挡机构;第五齿轮和第六齿轮,分别与第三齿轮和第四齿轮对应啮合;差速器,连接有第一输出半轴和第二输出半轴;第二行星排;以及第三行星排;其中,所述第五齿轮和第六齿轮套设安装于差速器壳体的外周。该***缩短了结构的轴向尺寸,使***集成度更高,可适用于布置空间狭小的混合动力车辆。

Description

可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源车辆传动领域,尤其涉及一种可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构。
背景技术
传统汽车的动力***一般由发动机/电机驱动变速箱经传动轴将动力传递给驱动桥,如今随着新能源汽车驱动技术的不断发展,具有高度集成化、高效化和轻量化的电驱动桥技术越来越受到重视,不断有新技术在突破,电驱动桥可以将电机变速箱驱动桥三者集成一体,达到优化效率和驱动性能的目的。由于电池技术一直没有革命性的突破,纯电动汽车的里程焦虑一直存在,因此混合动力是目前一个比较好的选择,不过汽车底盘空间有限,特别对于混合动力新能源汽车,除了放置集成的电驱动桥外还要放置发动机和电池等单元,因此对电驱动桥的体积和结构提出了更高的要求。
因此,有必要研究一种可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构来解决上述的一个或多个技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述至少一个技术问题,根据本发明一方面,提供了一种可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其具有两个档位,在低档位时可满足车辆最大爬坡度要求,高档位时满足车辆最高车速的要求,可选用一个电机或两个电机作为驱动源,电机均单侧放置,单/双电机可共用大部分结构,且纵向尺寸比较小,整体体积比较小,***重量比较轻。
具体地,提供了一种可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于包括:
第一行星排,该第一行星排的太阳轮连接于电机的输出轴;
第一齿轮,与第一行星排的行星架连接;
第二齿轮,与所述第一齿轮啮合;
中间轴,与所述第二齿轮连接;
第三齿轮和第四齿轮,可相对转动地套设于所述中间轴;
换挡机构,安装于所述中间轴且可在第一位置、中间位置和第二位置之间切换,所述换挡机构位于第一位置时与第三齿轮接合且用于将中间轴的动力传递至第三齿轮,所述换挡机构位于第二位置时与第四齿轮接合且用于将中间轴的动力传递至第四齿轮,所述换挡机构位于中间位置时与第三齿轮和第四齿轮分离;
第五齿轮和第六齿轮,分别与第三齿轮和第四齿轮对应啮合;
差速器,连接有第一输出半轴和第二输出半轴;
第二行星排,该第二行星排的太阳轮与所述第一输出半轴连接,该第二行星排的行星架与第一车轮连接;以及
第三行星排,该第三行星排的太阳轮与所述第二输出半轴连接,该第三行星排的行星架与第二车轮连接;
其中,所述第五齿轮和第六齿轮套设安装于差速器壳体的外周。
根据本发明又一方面,所述差速器包括差速器齿轮和差速锁。
根据本发明又一方面,所述电机布置于所述第一输出半轴和第二输出半轴的一侧。
根据本发明又一方面,所述电机的输出轴、中间轴和所述第一输出半轴平行布置,所述第一输出半轴和第二输出半轴共轴且输出方向相反。
根据本发明又一方面,所述第一齿轮布置于所述电机和第一行星排之间。
根据本发明又一方面,所述第一行星排布置于所述电机和第一齿轮之间。
根据本发明又一方面,所述第三齿轮、换挡机构和第四齿轮布置在所述电机和差速器壳体之间。
根据本发明又一方面,所述差速器设置于第五齿轮和第六齿轮内。
根据本发明又一方面,相互啮合的第五齿轮和第三齿轮之间的第一速比不同于相互啮合的第六齿轮和第四齿轮之间的第二速比。
根据本发明又一方面,所述电机由单个电机或双电机组成,所述双电机共用输出轴。
本发明可以获得以下一个或多个技术效果:
1.电机输出轴直接连接行星排减速机构,此结构可使用高转速电机,降低对电机扭矩的要求。
2.对于纵向空间宽裕而轴向空间不足的车型可选用单电机结构,对于纵向空间不足而轴向空间宽裕的车型可选用双电机结构。
3.前两级固定减速比齿轮结构由一个行星排和一个定轴齿轮组合而成,齿轮结构尺寸较小,能实现大减速比。
4.换挡机构位于中间轴,能兼顾扭矩与转速对换挡性能的影响。
5.差速器位于两个三级定轴从动齿轮内,缩短了结构的轴向尺寸,使***集成度更高。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1为根据本发明的一种优选实施例的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构的示意图。
图2为根据本发明的另一种优选实施例的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,通过优选实施例来描述本发明的最佳实施方式,这里的具体实施方式在于详细地说明本发明,而不应理解为对本发明的限制,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质范围的情况下,可以做出各种变形和修改,这些都应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
根据本发明一种优选实施方式,参见图1-2,提供了一种可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于包括:
第一行星排03,该第一行星排03的太阳轮连接电机A的输出轴02;
第一齿轮04,与第一行星排03的行星架连接;
第二齿轮05,与所述第一齿轮04啮合;
中间轴06,与所述第二齿轮05连接;
第三齿轮07和第四齿轮08,可相对转动地套设于所述中间轴06;
换挡机构09,安装于所述中间轴06且可在第一位置、中间位置和第二位置之间切换,所述换挡机构09位于第一位置时与第三齿轮07接合且用于将中间轴06的动力传递至第三齿轮07,所述换挡机构09位于第二位置时与第四齿轮08接合且用于将中间轴06的动力传递至第四齿轮08,所述换挡机构09位于中间位置时与第三齿轮07和第四齿轮08分离;
第五齿轮10和第六齿轮11,分别与第三齿轮07和第四齿轮08对应啮合;
差速器,连接有第一输出半轴15和第二输出半轴16;
第二行星排17,该第二行星排17的太阳轮与所述第一输出半轴15连接,该第二行星排17的行星架与第一车轮19连接;以及
第三行星排18,该第三行星排18的太阳轮与所述第二输出半轴16连接,该第三行星排18的行星架与第二车轮20连接;
其中,所述第五齿轮10和第六齿轮11套设安装于差速器壳体12的外周。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,所述差速器包括差速器齿轮13和差速锁14。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,所述电机A布置于所述第一输出半轴15和第二输出半轴16的一侧。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,所述电机A的输出轴02、中间轴06和所述第一输出半轴15平行布置,所述第一输出半轴15和第二输出半轴16共轴且输出方向相反。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,所述第一齿轮04布置于所述电机A和第一行星排03之间。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,所述第一行星排03布置于所述电机A和第一齿轮04之间。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,所述第三齿轮07、换挡机构09和第四齿轮08布置在所述电机A和差速器壳体12之间。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,所述差速器设置于第五齿轮10和第六齿轮11内。
优选地,当换挡机构的接合套处于中间位置时,中间轴06上的动力传递给换挡机构09后中断,此时动力处于空挡状态;当换挡机构的接合套向左移动时,接合套与第四齿轮08接合,中间轴06上的动力经换挡机构09传递给第四齿轮08;当换挡机构的接合套向右移动时,接合套与第三齿轮07接合,中间轴06上的动力经换挡机构09传递给第三齿轮07。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,相互啮合的第五齿轮10和第三齿轮07之间的第一速比不同于相互啮合的第六齿轮11和第四齿轮08之间的第二速比。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,所述电机由单个电机A或双电机A、B组成,所述双电机共用输出轴。参见图2,双电机A、B之间布置所述第一行星排03和第一齿轮04。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,还提供了一种可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于:电机A(对于单电机)/电机A和电机B(对于双电机)的输出轴02上直接连接行星排03减速机构,其中行星排的太阳轮安装在电机输出轴02上,为行星排的动力输入齿轮,齿圈与桥壳固定安装,行星架为动力输出端,实现一级减速传动。行星架端部安装有二级定轴主动齿轮04,需要说明的是,齿轮04可以安装在行星排的左端,也可以安装在行星排的右端,具体可根据结构布置而定。二级定轴主动齿轮04与安装在中间轴06上的二级定轴从动齿轮05啮合,同时中间轴06上还安装有三级定轴主动齿轮07-08和换挡机构09。当换挡机构处于中间位置时,齿轮07-08处于轴向转动自由状态,中间轴06上的动力不会往后传递;当换挡机构向左移动时,换挡机构的接合套与齿轮08接合,使中间轴上的动力传递至三级定轴主动齿轮08上;当换挡机构向右移动时,换挡机构的接合套与齿轮07接合,使中间轴上的动力传递至三级定轴主动齿轮07上,上述三种情况可分别实现空挡和高低档的运动模型。三级定轴主动齿轮07-08分别与安装在差速器壳上的三级定轴从动齿轮10-11啮合,差速器壳12上还安装有差速器齿轮13和差速锁14。当差速锁14处于未结合状态时,差速器齿轮13可将差速器壳12上的扭矩平均分配到左半轴16和右半轴15上去,此时左右半轴可以实现不同转速的运动;当差速锁14处于结合状态时,差速器齿轮13可将差速器壳12上的扭矩按需分配到左半轴16和右半轴15上去,此时左右半轴可以实现相同转速的运动。左半轴16端部安装有左行星排18减速机构,其中行星排的太阳轮安装在左半轴16上,为左行星排的动力输入齿轮,齿圈与桥壳固定,行星架为动力输出端,并与左轮20连接,实现左轮20的四级减速;右半轴15端部安装有左行星排17减速机构,其中行星排的太阳轮安装在右半轴15上,为右行星排的动力输入齿轮,齿圈与桥壳固定,行星架为动力输出端,并与右轮19连接,实现右轮19的四级减速。
根据本发明又一优选实施方式,还提供了一种可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,见图1和图2:
与驱动桥轴向平行布置的电机A(对于单电机)/电机A和电机B(对于双电机),可与驱动桥轴向同一水平高度布置,也可以绕驱动桥轴向旋转某一个角度布置。电机A(对于单电机)/电机A和电机B(对于双电机)的动力经电机输出轴02传递给一级行星排减速机构03,其中行星排的太阳轮安装在电机输出轴02上,为行星排的动力输入齿轮,齿圈与桥壳固定安装,行星架为动力输出端,实现一级减速传动。上述行星架端部安装有二级定轴主动齿轮04,需要说明的是,齿轮04可以安装在行星排的左端,也可以安装在行星排的右端,具体可根据结构布置而定,电机输出轴02上的动力经一级行星排减速机构03至二级定轴主动齿轮04上,齿轮04与安装在中间轴06上的二级定轴从动齿轮05啮合,齿轮04上的动力经齿轮05传递至中间轴06,实现二级减速传动。上述中间轴06上还安装有三级定轴主动齿轮07-08和换挡机构09,齿轮07-08通过轴承安装于中间轴06上,而换挡机构09则通过花键安装在中间轴06上。当换挡机构的接合套处于中间位置时,齿轮07-08处于轴向自由转动状态,中间轴06上的动力传递给换挡机构09后中断,此时动力处于空挡状态;当换挡机构的接合套向左移动时,接合套与齿轮08接合,中间轴06上的动力经换挡机构09传递给齿轮08,齿轮08与安装在差速器壳12上的三级定轴从动齿轮11啮合,将动力传递给差速器壳12,实现三级减速A挡运动;当换挡机构的接合套向右移动时,接合套与齿轮07接合,中间轴06上的动力经换挡机构09传递给齿轮07,齿轮07与安装在差速器壳12上的三级定轴从动齿轮10啮合,将动力传递给差速器壳12,实现三级减速B挡运动。差速器壳12上除了安装上述齿轮10-11外,还安装有差速器齿轮13和差速锁14,差速锁14处于未结合状态时,差速器齿轮13可将差速器壳12上的动力平均分配到左半轴16和右半轴15上去,此时差速器齿轮13可使左右半轴实现传递相同扭矩不同转速的运动;当差速锁14处于结合状态时,差速器齿轮13可将差速器壳12上的扭矩按实际路况分配到左半轴16和右半轴15上去,此时差速器齿轮13可使左右半轴实现传递不同扭矩相同转速的运动。左半轴16端部安装有左行星排18减速机构,其中左行星排的太阳轮安装在左半轴16上,为左行星排的动力输入齿轮,齿圈与桥壳固定,行星架为动力输出端,并与左轮20连接,左半轴16上的动力经左行星排18传递至左轮20上,完成电机对左轮20的驱动;右半轴15端部安装有右行星排17减速机构,其中右行星排的太阳轮安装在右半轴15上,为右行星排的动力输入齿轮,齿圈与桥壳固定,行星架为动力输出端,并与右轮19连接,左右轴15上的动力经右行星排17传递至右轮19上,完成电机对右轮19的驱动。
本发明可以获得以下一个或多个技术效果:
1.电机输出轴直接连接行星排减速机构,此结构可使用高转速电机,降低对电机扭矩的要求。
2.对于纵向空间宽裕而轴向空间不足的车型可选用单电机结构,对于纵向空间不足而轴向空间宽裕的车型可选用双电机结构。
3.前两级固定减速比齿轮结构由一个行星排和一个定轴齿轮组合而成,齿轮结构尺寸较小,能实现大减速比。
4.换挡机构位于中间轴,能兼顾扭矩与转速对换挡性能的影响。
5.差速器位于两个三级定轴从动齿轮内,缩短了结构的轴向尺寸,使***集成度更高。
本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护的范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于包括:
第一行星排,该第一行星排的太阳轮连接于电机的输出轴;
第一齿轮,与第一行星排的行星架连接;
第二齿轮,与所述第一齿轮啮合;
中间轴,与所述第二齿轮连接;
第三齿轮和第四齿轮,可相对转动地套设于所述中间轴;
换挡机构,安装于所述中间轴且可在第一位置、中间位置和第二位置之间切换,所述换挡机构位于第一位置时与第三齿轮接合且用于将中间轴的动力传递至第三齿轮,所述换挡机构位于第二位置时与第四齿轮接合且用于将中间轴的动力传递至第四齿轮,所述换挡机构位于中间位置时与第三齿轮和第四齿轮分离;
第五齿轮和第六齿轮,分别与第三齿轮和第四齿轮对应啮合;
差速器,连接有第一输出半轴和第二输出半轴;
第二行星排,该第二行星排的太阳轮与所述第一输出半轴连接,该第二行星排的行星架与第一车轮连接;以及
第三行星排,该第三行星排的太阳轮与所述第二输出半轴连接,该第三行星排的行星架与第二车轮连接;
其中,所述第五齿轮和第六齿轮套设安装于差速器壳体的外周。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于所述差速器包括差速器齿轮和差速锁。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于所述电机布置于所述第一输出半轴和第二输出半轴的一侧。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于所述电机的输出轴、中间轴和所述第一输出半轴平行布置,所述第一输出半轴和第二输出半轴共轴且输出方向相反。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于所述第一齿轮布置于所述电机和第一行星排之间。
6.根据权利要求4所述的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于所述第一行星排布置于所述电机和第一齿轮之间。
7.根据权利要求4所述的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于所述第三齿轮、换挡机构和第四齿轮布置在所述电机和差速器壳体之间。
8.根据权利要求4所述的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于所述差速器设置于第五齿轮和第六齿轮内。
9.根据权利要求4所述的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于相互啮合的第五齿轮和第三齿轮之间的第一速比不同于相互啮合的第六齿轮和第四齿轮之间的第二速比。
10.根据权利要求4所述的可用于混合动力新能源汽车的电驱动桥结构,其特征在于所述电机由单个电机或双电机组成,所述双电机共用输出轴。
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