CN113349006A - Planting method of gastrodia elata - Google Patents
Planting method of gastrodia elata Download PDFInfo
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- CN113349006A CN113349006A CN202110784944.2A CN202110784944A CN113349006A CN 113349006 A CN113349006 A CN 113349006A CN 202110784944 A CN202110784944 A CN 202110784944A CN 113349006 A CN113349006 A CN 113349006A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a planting method of gastrodia elata, and relates to the technical field of planting. The planting method of the gastrodia elata comprises the steps of preparing a fungus bed, inoculating a new wood stick, preparing fungus bed fillers, cultivating and the like. The method has the advantages that the fungous cables on the upper-layer sticks in the fungus bed are crushed and then mixed with the new sticks, the fusion of the new sticks and the original fungus bed is promoted, and the leaves in the original fungus bed and the new leaves are mixed and fermented to be used as fungus bed filler for planting the gastrodia elata, so that the water can be preserved, the proliferation of the armillaria mellea is promoted, the contact area of the gastrodia elata seeds and the armillaria mellea is increased, and the utilization rate of the sticks and the yield of the gastrodia elata can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a planting method of gastrodia elata.
Background
Gastrodia elata Bl, also known as Thymus chinensis, Pleurospermum, Lygodium japonicum, Angelica furcijuga, Eupatorium fortunei, Gastrodia elata, Angelica sinensis, Pop, Gastrodia elata, Clinopodium chinense, white dragon skin, and the like, is a perennial herb of Gastrodia genus of Orchidaceae. The rhizome is thick and has no green leaf, and the capsule is oval and is usually propagated as tuber or seed. The rhizome of the Chinese medicinal composition is used for treating dizziness, numbness of limbs, infantile convulsion and other symptoms, is a rare Chinese medicament, and is used together with Qiongzhen lucid ganoderma for treating headache and insomnia.
At present, the gastrodia elata is mainly produced through tuber propagation and planting propagation. The method is divided into a fungus stick accompanying method, a fungus stick and new stick cultivation method, an old stick and new stick cultivation method, a fungus bed cultivation method and a pure strain cultivation method according to the planting method. Different methods have advantages and disadvantages:
firstly, a mushroom stick accompanying cultivation method: the fungus stick accompanying cultivation method is the most basic cultivation method, and other methods are basically slightly improved on the fungus stick accompanying cultivation method, so that the inoculation rate is high, and the yield is stable. The fungus stick accompanying planting method is that in the planting hole, some fungus sticks are first set, the lower layer is planted, tubers are then set, 1 cm thick soil is covered until the sticks are flat, a thin layer of leaf is spread on the covered soil, the upper layer is planted and 10 cm soil is covered. The method has the advantages of low cost and simple planting method, but the time for culturing the fungus materials is long, the wood stick begins to decay, the nutrition is poor, and the wood stick is easy to pollute and generate diseases.
(II) a mushroom stick and new stick cultivation method: the method can quickly establish symbiosis between rhizoma Gastrodiae and Armillaria mellea, and ensure that Armillaria mellea has abundant nutrition to make rhizoma Gastrodiae grow strongly and increase yield. The operation is the same as that of the fungus material accompanying cultivation method, only a new stick is added every other fungus stick during cultivation, and the ramie seeds are placed close to the fungus sticks. After the gastrodia elata is harvested, a large number of fungus sticks with the gastrodia elata planted therein exist, particularly, a new stick newly added during the gastrodia elata planting process is not completely rotted, the growth of armillaria mellea is still vigorous, and in order to utilize the fungus sticks, the following method for sleeving a new stick with an old stick is provided.
(III) the old stick and the new stick are sleeved with the new stick cultivation method: after the gastrodia elata is harvested, selecting rotten thick old sticks without infecting sundry fungi, additionally digging new holes, and alternately placing the used rotten thick old sticks and new wood sticks in the holes, so that waste materials can be utilized, the cost is reduced, but the defects of sundry fungus pollution, insufficient nutrition and the like can exist.
(IV) a fungal bed cultivation method: compared with other cultivation methods, the fungal bed cultivation method can effectively reduce and eliminate cavities, so that the gastrodia elata can be produced stably and with high yield. The basic mode is to culture the fungus bed, dig out the upper half part of the fungus bed when entering the planting season, place the tuber or plant, and then put back the upper rod dug out in situ. The method can adjust busy and idle seasons of farming and living and reasonably arrange labor force. The method improves the yield, is a planting method which is widely popularized at present, and simultaneously, because the lower layer fungus sticks and the surrounding soil are not moved when the gastrodia elata is planted, the gastrodia elata and the armillaria mellea can quickly establish a symbiotic relationship, the inoculation is quick, the inoculation rate is high, and the fungi can be inoculated about one month after the gastrodia elata is planted. The disadvantages are that the land is occupied in advance, the production cost is high, the selection of planting land is needed, and the influence of the soil quality on the land is still large.
And (V) a pure strain accompanying cultivation method: pure armillaria mellea three-level production strains are selected, and excellent seeds such as hemp are selected, and fresh tree sticks are cut down. The method for concomitant cultivation of rhizoma Gastrodiae is pure strain concomitant cultivation method. The method has the advantages that the strain purity is high, the sand is used for covering the mixed bacteria for less infection, the tree stick is fresh and rich in nutrition, and the ideal yield can be obtained only by management, but the method obviously improves the production cost and reduces the economic benefit because the pure strain is needed to be used.
The gastrodia elata has higher medicinal value and nutritive value, so that the yield demand is also increased year by year. Therefore, a new planting method for gastrodia elata is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a planting method of gastrodia elata, which can remarkably improve the utilization rate of sticks and the yield of the gastrodia elata by crushing the fungous cables on the sticks on the upper layer in a fungus bed, mixing the crushed fungous cables with new sticks, mixing the leaves in the original fungus bed with the new leaves, fermenting the mixed leaves and the new leaves, and then using the mixed leaves as fungus bed filler to plant the gastrodia elata.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The embodiment of the application provides a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a fungus bed: placing an upper layer of wood stick and a lower layer of wood stick inoculated with armillaria mellea in a fungus bed, filling gaps with leaves, and fermenting until the surface of the wood stick is full of fungus cables to obtain the fungus bed;
inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then, fully sticking the new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
preparing a fungus bed filler: mixing the water-retaining filler, the fresh leaves and the fermented leaves, and fermenting until the leaves are softened to obtain the fungus bed filler;
cultivation: alternately placing the new sticks and the lower-layer sticks in the fungus bed at intervals, laying the fungus bed filler in gaps among the sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the sticks, filling, managing until the gastrodia elata is ripe, and picking.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
according to the planting method of the gastrodia elata, the fungous cables on the upper-layer sticks in the fungus bed are crushed and then mixed with the new sticks, the leaves in the original fungus bed and the new leaves are mixed and fermented and then serve as fungus bed fillers to plant the gastrodia elata, and therefore the utilization rate of the sticks and the yield of the gastrodia elata can be remarkably improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The embodiment of the application provides a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a fungus bed: placing an upper layer of wood stick and a lower layer of wood stick inoculated with armillaria mellea in a fungus bed, filling gaps with leaves, and fermenting until the surface of the wood stick is full of fungus cables to obtain the fungus bed;
inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then, fully sticking the new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
preparing a fungus bed filler: mixing the water-retaining filler, the fresh leaves and the fermented leaves, and fermenting until the leaves are softened to obtain the fungus bed filler;
cultivation: alternately placing the new sticks and the lower-layer sticks in the fungus bed at intervals, laying the fungus bed filler in gaps among the sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the sticks, filling, managing until the gastrodia elata is ripe, and picking.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the planting method of gastrodia elata, a single stick is provided with four fish scale openings symmetrically located on two sides of the stick, and one armillaria mellea strain is inoculated in each fish scale opening.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the planting method of gastrodia elata, the armillaria mellea strain is a first-grade armillaria mellea strain.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the planting method of gastrodia elata, the fermentation temperature in the preparation process of the fungus bed is 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-50%, and the gastrodia elata is fermented in a dark place.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the planting method of gastrodia elata, the fermentation temperature in the preparation process of the fungus bed filler is 25-28 ℃, and the fermentation is performed in a dark place for 7-10 days.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the above planting method of gastrodia elata, the upper-layer stick is a peach stick, and the lower-layer stick is a mulberry stick or paper mulberry stick.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the planting method of gastrodia elata, the leaves used in the preparation process of the fungus bed are mulberry leaves and/or broussonetia papyrifera leaves.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the planting method of gastrodia elata, a ratio of fresh leaves to fermented leaves in the preparation process of the fungus bed filler is 2: 1.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the planting method of gastrodia elata, the water-retaining filler accounts for 30-40 wt% of the fungus bed filler.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in the planting method of gastrodia elata, the water-retaining filler includes rape straw, wheat straw and rice straw, and the proportion of the rape straw in the water-retaining filler is less than 30 wt%.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The embodiment aims to provide a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fungus bed: selecting a suitable planting field 40-60 days before the gastrodia elata is planted, excavating a pond on the to-be-planted field to be used as a fungus bed, taking a wood stick with the diameter of about 50mm and the length of about 50cm, symmetrically cutting 4 fish scale openings on the wood stick, respectively cutting two fish scale openings at two sides, connecting skin trees after each fish scale opening is cut, placing a first-level branch armillaria mellea strain at the fish scale opening, and enabling the skin trees to clamp the armillaria mellea fungus cable; regularly placing the sticks inoculated with the first-level branch armillaria mellea strain into a treated pond, laying two layers, filling gaps with leaves in the middle, placing peach sticks on the upper layer, placing mulberry sticks on the lower layer, filling the gaps with the mulberry leaves, covering contaminated humus on the upper layer, performing treatment, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 23 +/-2 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 45-50%, fermenting until the surfaces of the sticks are full of rhizomorphs, and at least showing that the barks of the upper-layer sticks are blackened and moist, thus obtaining a fungus bed;
(2) inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing barks on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then adhering new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
(3) preparing a fungus bed filler: cutting rape straws, wheat straws and rice straws into sections (about 0.5 cm), mixing left and right to obtain a water-retaining filler, wherein the mass ratio of the rape straws is 20 wt%, the ratio of the wheat straws to the rice straws is 1:1, mixing the water-retaining filler (30 wt%), fresh leaves (mulberry leaves, pre-cutting into small pieces) and the leaves fermented in the step (1) (the mass ratio of the fresh leaves to the old leaves is 2:1), fermenting until the fresh leaves are softened, and fermenting at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in a dark place for 7-10 days to obtain a fungus bed filler;
(4) cultivation: removing the sunshade, digging covering soil, slightly moving lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed, placing new wood sticks prepared in the step (2) between the lower-layer wood sticks, enabling the new wood sticks and original lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed to be alternately placed at intervals, laying fungus bed fillers in gaps between the wood sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the wood sticks with upward stem buds and umbilicus eyes close to broken ends or fish scale openings of the fungus sticks, spreading leaves on the surfaces of the wood sticks after filling and leveling by using small sandy loess, preferably selecting the leaves of camellia sinensis, performing subsequent management, keeping the water content of the soil to be 35-40%, managing until the gastrodia elata is mature, and harvesting.
Example 2
The embodiment aims to provide a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fungus bed: selecting a suitable planting field 40-60 days before the gastrodia elata is planted, excavating a pond on the to-be-planted field to be used as a fungus bed, taking a wood stick with the diameter of about 50mm and the length of about 50cm, symmetrically cutting 4 fish scale openings on the wood stick, respectively cutting two fish scale openings at two sides, connecting skin trees after each fish scale opening is cut, placing a first-level branch armillaria mellea strain at the fish scale opening, and enabling the skin trees to clamp the armillaria mellea fungus cable; regularly placing the sticks inoculated with the first-level branch armillaria mellea strain into a treated pond, laying two layers, filling gaps with leaves in the middle, placing peach sticks on the upper layer, placing paper mulberry sticks on the lower layer, filling the gaps with the paper mulberry leaves, covering contaminated humus soil on the upper layer, performing treatment in such a way that the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-50%, fermenting until the surfaces of the sticks are full of rhizomorph, and at least the upper-layer sticks show that barks become black and moist, thus obtaining a fungus bed;
(2) inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing barks on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then adhering new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
(3) preparing a fungus bed filler: cutting rape straws, wheat straws and rice straws into sections (about 0.5 cm), mixing left and right to obtain a water-retaining filler, wherein the mass ratio of the rape straws is 30 wt%, the ratio of the wheat straws to the rice straws is 1:1, mixing the water-retaining filler (35 wt%), fresh leaves (broussonetia papyrifera leaves, pre-cutting into small pieces) and the leaves fermented in the step (1) (the mass ratio of the fresh leaves to the old leaves is 2:1), fermenting until the fresh leaves are softened, and fermenting at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in a dark place for 7-10 days to obtain a fungus bed filler;
(4) cultivation: removing the sunshade, digging covering soil, slightly moving lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed, placing new wood sticks prepared in the step (2) between the lower-layer wood sticks, enabling the new wood sticks and original lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed to be alternately placed at intervals, laying fungus bed fillers in gaps between the wood sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the wood sticks with upward stem buds and umbilicus eyes close to broken ends or fish scale openings of the fungus sticks, spreading leaves on the surfaces of the wood sticks after filling and leveling by using small sandy loess, preferably selecting the leaves of camellia sinensis, performing subsequent management, keeping the water content of the soil to be 35-40%, managing until the gastrodia elata is mature, and harvesting.
Example 3
The embodiment aims to provide a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fungus bed: selecting a suitable planting field 40-60 days before the gastrodia elata is planted, excavating a pond on the to-be-planted field to be used as a fungus bed, taking a wood stick with the diameter of about 50mm and the length of about 50cm, symmetrically cutting 4 fish scale openings on the wood stick, respectively cutting two fish scale openings at two sides, connecting skin trees after each fish scale opening is cut, placing a first-level branch armillaria mellea strain at the fish scale opening, and enabling the skin trees to clamp the armillaria mellea fungus cable; regularly placing the sticks inoculated with the first-level branch armillaria mellea strain into a treated pond, laying two layers, filling gaps with leaves in the middle, placing peach sticks on the upper layer, placing mulberry sticks on the lower layer, filling the gaps with the mulberry leaves, covering contaminated humus on the upper layer, performing treatment, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 23 +/-2 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 45-50%, fermenting until the surfaces of the sticks are full of rhizomorphs, and at least showing that the barks of the upper-layer sticks are blackened and moist, thus obtaining a fungus bed;
(2) inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing barks on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then adhering new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
(3) preparing a fungus bed filler: cutting rape straws, wheat straws and rice straws into sections (about 0.5 cm), mixing left and right to obtain a water-retaining filler, wherein the mass ratio of the rape straws is 10 wt%, the ratio of the wheat straws to the rice straws is 1:1, mixing the water-retaining filler (40 wt%), fresh leaves (mulberry leaves, pre-cutting into small pieces) and the leaves fermented in the step (1) (the mass ratio of the fresh leaves to the old leaves is 2:1), fermenting until the fresh leaves are softened, and fermenting at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in a dark place for 7-10 days to obtain a fungus bed filler;
(4) cultivation: removing the sunshade, digging covering soil, slightly moving lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed, placing new wood sticks prepared in the step (2) between the lower-layer wood sticks, enabling the new wood sticks and original lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed to be alternately placed at intervals, laying fungus bed fillers in gaps between the wood sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the wood sticks with upward stem buds and umbilicus eyes close to broken ends or fish scale openings of the fungus sticks, spreading leaves on the surfaces of the wood sticks after filling and leveling by using small sandy loess, preferably selecting the leaves of camellia sinensis, performing subsequent management, keeping the water content of the soil to be 35-40%, managing until the gastrodia elata is mature, and harvesting.
Example 4
The embodiment aims to provide a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fungus bed: selecting a suitable planting field 40-60 days before the gastrodia elata is planted, excavating a pond on the to-be-planted field to be used as a fungus bed, taking a wood stick with the diameter of about 50mm and the length of about 50cm, symmetrically cutting 4 fish scale openings on the wood stick, respectively cutting two fish scale openings at two sides, connecting skin trees after each fish scale opening is cut, placing a first-level branch armillaria mellea strain at the fish scale opening, and enabling the skin trees to clamp the armillaria mellea fungus cable; regularly placing the sticks inoculated with the first-level branch armillaria mellea strain into a treated pond, laying two layers, filling gaps with leaves in the middle, placing peach sticks on the upper layer, placing paper mulberry sticks on the lower layer, filling the gaps with the paper mulberry leaves, covering contaminated humus soil on the upper layer, performing treatment in such a way that the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-50%, fermenting until the surfaces of the sticks are full of rhizomorph, and at least the upper-layer sticks show that barks become black and moist, thus obtaining a fungus bed;
(2) inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing barks on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then adhering new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
(3) preparing a fungus bed filler: cutting rape straws, wheat straws and rice straws into sections (about 0.5 cm), mixing left and right to obtain a water-retaining filler, wherein the mass ratio of the rape straws is 30 wt%, the ratio of the wheat straws to the rice straws is 1:1, mixing the water-retaining filler (35 wt%), fresh leaves (broussonetia papyrifera leaves, pre-cutting into small pieces) and the leaves fermented in the step (1) (the mass ratio of the fresh leaves to the old leaves is 2:1), fermenting until the fresh leaves are softened, and fermenting at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in a dark place for 7-10 days to obtain a fungus bed filler;
(4) cultivation: removing the sunshade, digging covering soil, slightly moving lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed, placing new wood sticks prepared in the step (2) between the lower-layer wood sticks, enabling the new wood sticks and original lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed to be alternately placed at intervals, laying fungus bed fillers in gaps between the wood sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the wood sticks with upward stem buds and umbilicus eyes close to broken ends or fish scale openings of the fungus sticks, spreading leaves on the surfaces of the wood sticks after filling and leveling by using small sandy loess, preferably selecting the leaves of camellia sinensis, performing subsequent management, keeping the water content of the soil to be 35-40%, managing until the gastrodia elata is mature, and harvesting.
Example 5
The embodiment aims to provide a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fungus bed: selecting a suitable planting field 40-60 days before the gastrodia elata is planted, excavating a pond on the to-be-planted field to be used as a fungus bed, taking a wood stick with the diameter of about 50mm and the length of about 50cm, symmetrically cutting 4 fish scale openings on the wood stick, respectively cutting two fish scale openings at two sides, connecting skin trees after each fish scale opening is cut, placing a first-level branch armillaria mellea strain at the fish scale opening, and enabling the skin trees to clamp the armillaria mellea fungus cable; regularly placing the sticks inoculated with the first-level branch armillaria mellea strain into a treated pond, laying two layers, filling gaps with leaves in the middle, placing peach sticks on the upper layer, placing paper mulberry sticks on the lower layer, filling gaps with paper mulberry leaves and mulberry leaves, covering contaminated humus soil on the upper layer, and performing treatment in such a way that the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 23 +/-2 ℃, the relative humidity is 45-50%, fermenting until the surfaces of the sticks are full of rhizomorph cables, and at least the upper-layer sticks show that barks become black and moist, so that a fungus bed is obtained;
(2) inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing barks on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then adhering new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
(3) preparing a fungus bed filler: cutting rape straws, wheat straws and rice straws into sections (about 0.5 cm), mixing left and right to obtain a water-retaining filler, wherein the mass ratio of the rape straws is 30 wt%, the ratio of the wheat straws to the rice straws is 1:1, mixing the water-retaining filler (35 wt%), fresh leaves (broussonetia papyrifera leaves and mulberry leaves, cutting into small pieces in advance) and the leaves fermented in the step (1) (the mass ratio of the fresh leaves to the old leaves is 2:1), fermenting until the fresh leaves are softened, fermenting at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ in a dark place, and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain a fungus bed filler;
(4) cultivation: removing the sunshade, digging covering soil, slightly moving lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed, placing new wood sticks prepared in the step (2) between the lower-layer wood sticks, enabling the new wood sticks and original lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed to be alternately placed at intervals, laying fungus bed fillers in gaps between the wood sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the wood sticks with upward stem buds and umbilicus eyes close to broken ends or fish scale openings of the fungus sticks, spreading leaves on the surfaces of the wood sticks after filling and leveling by using small sandy loess, preferably selecting the leaves of camellia sinensis, performing subsequent management, keeping the water content of the soil to be 35-40%, managing until the gastrodia elata is mature, and harvesting.
Comparative example 1
The embodiment aims to provide a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fungus bed: selecting a suitable planting field 40-60 days before the gastrodia elata is planted, excavating a pond on the to-be-planted field to be used as a fungus bed, taking a wood stick with the diameter of about 50mm and the length of about 50cm, symmetrically cutting 4 fish scale openings on the wood stick, respectively cutting two fish scale openings at two sides, connecting skin trees after each fish scale opening is cut, placing a first-level branch armillaria mellea strain at the fish scale opening, and enabling the skin trees to clamp the armillaria mellea fungus cable; regularly placing the sticks inoculated with the first-level branch armillaria mellea strain in a treated pond, laying two layers, filling gaps with leaves in the middle, placing birch sticks on the upper layer and the lower layer, filling the gaps with the birch leaves, covering contaminated humus soil on the upper layer, and treating the upper layer with the humus soil at a fermentation temperature of 23 +/-2 ℃ and a relative humidity of 45-50% until the surfaces of the sticks are full of rhizomorphs, wherein at least the upper layer of sticks show that barks become black and moist, and thus obtaining a bacterial bed;
(2) inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing barks on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then adhering new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
(3) preparing a fungus bed filler: cutting rape straws, wheat straws and rice straws into sections (about 0.5 cm), mixing left and right to obtain a water-retaining filler, wherein the mass ratio of the rape straws is 35 wt%, the ratio of the wheat straws to the rice straws is 1:1, mixing the water-retaining filler (30 wt%), fresh birch leaves (pre-cut into small pieces) and the leaves fermented in the step (1) (the mass ratio of the new leaves to the old leaves is 2:1), fermenting until the fresh leaves are softened, fermenting at the temperature of 25-28 ℃, fermenting in a dark place, and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain a bacterial bed filler;
(4) cultivation: removing the sunshade, digging covering soil, slightly moving lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed, placing new wood sticks prepared in the step (2) between the lower-layer wood sticks, enabling the new wood sticks and original lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed to be alternately placed at intervals, laying fungus bed fillers in gaps between the wood sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the wood sticks with upward stem buds and umbilicus eyes close to broken ends or fish scale openings of the fungus sticks, spreading leaves on the surfaces of the wood sticks after filling and leveling by using small sandy loess, preferably selecting the leaves of camellia sinensis, performing subsequent management, keeping the water content of the soil to be 35-40%, managing until the gastrodia elata is mature, and harvesting.
Comparative example 2
The embodiment aims to provide a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fungus bed: selecting a suitable planting field 40-60 days before the gastrodia elata is planted, excavating a pond on the to-be-planted field to be used as a fungus bed, taking a wood stick with the diameter of about 50mm and the length of about 50cm, symmetrically cutting 4 fish scale openings on the wood stick, respectively cutting two fish scale openings at two sides, connecting skin trees after each fish scale opening is cut, placing a first-level branch armillaria mellea strain at the fish scale opening, and enabling the skin trees to clamp the armillaria mellea fungus cable; regularly placing the sticks inoculated with the first-level branch armillaria mellea strain in a treated pond, laying two layers, placing peach sticks on the upper layer, placing paper mulberry sticks on the lower layer, covering humus soil polluted by the upper layer, performing treatment, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 23 +/-2 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 45-50%, fermenting until the surfaces of the sticks are full of rhizomorph, and at least the upper-layer sticks show that bark becomes black and moist, thus obtaining a fungus bed;
(2) inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing barks on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then adhering new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
(3) cultivation: removing the sunshade, digging covering soil, slightly moving lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed, then placing new wood sticks prepared in the step (2) between the lower-layer wood sticks, enabling the new wood sticks and original lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed to be alternately placed at intervals, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the wood sticks, enabling stem buds to be upward, enabling umbilicus eyes to be close to broken ends or fish scale openings of the fungus materials, spreading leaves on the surfaces of the new wood sticks and keeping the temperature by using sandy small loess after filling and leveling, preferably selecting the camellia sinensis leaves, then carrying out subsequent management, keeping the water content of the soil to be 35-40%, managing until the gastrodia elata is mature, and then harvesting.
Comparative example 3
The embodiment aims to provide a planting method of gastrodia elata, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fungus bed: selecting a suitable planting field 40-60 days before the gastrodia elata is planted, excavating a pond on the to-be-planted field to be used as a fungus bed, taking a wood stick with the diameter of about 50mm and the length of about 50cm, symmetrically cutting 4 fish scale openings on the wood stick, respectively cutting two fish scale openings at two sides, connecting skin trees after each fish scale opening is cut, placing a first-level branch armillaria mellea strain at the fish scale opening, and enabling the skin trees to clamp the armillaria mellea fungus cable; regularly placing the sticks inoculated with the first-level branch armillaria mellea strain into a treated pond, laying two layers, filling gaps with leaves in the middle, placing peach sticks on the upper layer, placing paper mulberry sticks on the lower layer, filling gaps with birch leaves, covering contaminated humus on the upper layer, performing treatment, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 23 +/-2 ℃, controlling the relative humidity to be 45-50%, fermenting until the surfaces of the sticks are full of rhizomorph, and at least showing that the barks of the upper sticks are blackened and moist, thus obtaining a fungus bed;
(2) inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing barks on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then adhering new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
(3) preparing a fungus bed filler: cutting rape straws, wheat straws and rice straws into sections (about 0.5 cm), mixing left and right to obtain a water-retaining filler, wherein the mass ratio of the rape straws is 20 wt%, the ratio of the wheat straws to the rice straws is 1:1, fermenting the water-retaining filler (30 wt%) and fresh leaves (cut into small pieces in advance) until the fresh birch leaves are softened, the fermentation temperature is 25-28 ℃, fermenting in the dark place, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days to obtain a bacterial bed filler;
(4) cultivation: removing the sunshade, digging covering soil, slightly moving lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed, placing new wood sticks prepared in the step (2) between the lower-layer wood sticks, enabling the new wood sticks and original lower-layer wood sticks in the fungus bed to be alternately placed at intervals, laying fungus bed fillers in gaps between the wood sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the wood sticks with upward stem buds and umbilicus eyes close to broken ends or fish scale openings of the fungus sticks, spreading leaves on the surfaces of the wood sticks after filling and leveling by using small sandy loess, preferably selecting the leaves of camellia sinensis, performing subsequent management, keeping the water content of the soil to be 35-40%, managing until the gastrodia elata is mature, and harvesting.
Examples of effects
1. Weight of Gastrodia elata
The fresh gastrodia elata provided in the previous examples is collected, and the fresh weight and the dry weight of the tubers of the fresh gastrodia elata are measured. The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of fresh rhizoma Gastrodiae planted by the planting method provided in example 5 can reach 9.28kg/m2The dry rate can also reach30 percent. Therefore, the wood bars classified vertically are arranged, the leaves are used for pre-fermentation, the proliferation and the activity of the armillaria mellea in the subsequent planting environment of the gastrodia elata are greatly influenced, meanwhile, the water-retaining filler and the fresh leaves/old leaves are mixed and fermented, the proliferation of the armillaria mellea is facilitated, the control between the wood bars of the fungus bed is filled, sufficient moisture is provided for the armillaria mellea, the lignin is conveniently and fully decomposed, and sufficient nutrition is provided for the gastrodia elata. In addition, character statistics shows that the planted gastrodia elata is more uniform in size.
2. Polysaccharide and soluble protein content
The fresh gastrodia elata provided in the previous embodiment is subjected to detection of polysaccharide content (anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method) and soluble protein content (coomassie brilliant blue G-250 combination method), and the detection results are as follows:
TABLE 2
| Group of | Content of polysaccharide% | Soluble protein content% |
| Example 1 | 13.55 | 0.85 |
| Example 2 | 14.69 | 0.92 |
| Example 3 | 12.87 | 0.92 |
| Example 4 | 14.31 | 0.94 |
| Example 5 | 15.28 | 1.02 |
| Comparative example 1 | 9.44 | 0.62 |
| Comparative example 2 | 8.75 | 0.56 |
| Comparative example 3 | 11.95 | 0.66 |
As can be seen from table 2, the sugar content and soluble protein content of the gastrodia elata provided in the foregoing example are significantly higher than those of the comparative example, and the selection of the fungus wood and the preparation method of the fungus bed filler both have an important influence on the growth of the gastrodia elata and the accumulation of beneficial ingredients.
In summary, the planting method of the gastrodia elata in the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cultivation method has the advantages that the cultivation time of the fungus bed can be shortened to a certain extent by arranging two layers of different fungus woods, the peach wood stick on the upper layer is beneficial to rapid propagation of inoculated Armillaria mellea, the Armillaria mellea on the lower layer is propagated slowly in the early stage, but the stability of the activity of extracellular laccase of the fungus bed is beneficial to the later stage of fungus bed manufacturing, so that the Armillaria mellea in the fungus bed can decompose more lignin in the same time relative to the Armillaria mellea in other fungus beds, stable, continuous and sufficient energy sources are provided for planting the Gastrodia elata, and the growth and substance accumulation of the Gastrodia elata are facilitated.
The method has the advantages that the rhizomorph on the upper-layer sticks in the fungus bed is crushed and then mixed with the new sticks, rapid propagation of the armillaria mellea on the newly added sticks is facilitated in the early stage of planting, the new sticks are decomposed, the armillaria mellea on the new sticks can be used as an advantageous flora to promote decomposition of lignin, and the competitive growth of the armillaria mellea on the newly added sticks and the armillaria mellea originally in the fungus bed does not exist because the advantageous armillaria mellea on the new sticks and the armillaria mellea originally in the fungus bed are from the same source, so that the new sticks and the fungus bed can be rapidly fused. The treatment method can provide a new enough energy source for the gastrodia elata to be planted, and the new sticks are quickly fused into a fungus bed without additionally inoculating armillaria mellea on the new sticks, so that the effect of 'docile' is achieved, and the production cost is reduced.
The effect III is that the leaves in the original fungus bed are mixed with new leaves, the rape straws, the wheat straws and the rice straws are added as water-retaining fillers, the mixed fermentation is carried out together to serve as the fungus bed fillers to plant the gastrodia elata, the fillers containing the armillaria mellea can provide more contact spaces with the armillaria mellea for the gastrodia elata, the infiltration of the armillaria mellea on the surface layer of the gastrodia elata is promoted, and meanwhile, the main nutrition can be provided for the fungus materials, the extra nutrition is provided in an auxiliary mode, and the gastrodia elata is more uniform. In addition, the water-retaining filler can accumulate certain moisture, the moisture content is enough, the further growth and proliferation of armillaria mellea can be promoted, a virtuous cycle is further formed, and the utilization rate of the wood stick and the yield of the gastrodia elata are obviously improved.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of gastrodia elata is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a fungus bed: placing an upper layer of wood stick and a lower layer of wood stick inoculated with armillaria mellea in a fungus bed, filling gaps with leaves, and fermenting until the surface of the wood stick is full of fungus cables to obtain the fungus bed;
inoculating a new wood stick: collecting the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks, crushing the fungus cables on the upper-layer sticks to obtain fungus powder, and then, fully sticking the new upper-layer sticks with the fungus powder to obtain new sticks;
preparing a fungus bed filler: mixing the water-retaining filler, the fresh leaves and the fermented leaves, and fermenting until the leaves are softened to obtain the fungus bed filler;
cultivation: alternately placing the new sticks and the lower-layer sticks in the fungus bed at intervals, laying the fungus bed filler in gaps among the sticks, uniformly placing the hemp seeds on two sides of the sticks, filling, managing until the gastrodia elata is ripe, and picking.
2. The planting method of gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein four fish scale openings are formed in a single stick and symmetrically located on two sides of the stick, and one armillaria mellea strain is inoculated in each fish scale opening.
3. The planting method of gastrodia elata according to claim 1, wherein the armillaria mellea strain is a first-grade armillaria mellea strain.
4. The planting method of gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein fermentation temperature in the fungus bed preparation process is 23 +/-2 ℃, relative humidity is 45-50%, and fermentation is conducted in a dark place.
5. The planting method of gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 4, wherein fermentation temperature in the preparation process of the fungus bed filler is 25-28 ℃, and fermentation is conducted in a dark place for 7-10 days.
6. The planting method of gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper-layer stick is a peach stick, and the lower-layer stick is a mulberry stick or a paper mulberry stick.
7. A planting method of Gastrodia elata Blume as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the leaves used in the preparation of the fungus bed are mulberry leaves and/or broussonetia papyrifera leaves.
8. The planting method of gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 7, wherein a ratio of fresh leaves to fermented leaves in the preparation process of the fungus bed filler is 2: 1.
9. The planting method of gastrodia elata according to claim 8, wherein the water-retaining filler accounts for 30-40 wt% of the fungus bed filler.
10. The planting method of gastrodia elata as claimed in claim 9, wherein the water-retaining filler comprises rape straw, wheat straw and rice straw, and the proportion of the rape straw in the water-retaining filler is less than 30 wt%.
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