CN108668816A - A kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108668816A CN108668816A CN201810496325.1A CN201810496325A CN108668816A CN 108668816 A CN108668816 A CN 108668816A CN 201810496325 A CN201810496325 A CN 201810496325A CN 108668816 A CN108668816 A CN 108668816A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural methods, belong to the field of planting of Chinese medicine.The method of the present invention includes the following steps：1) bacterium bed is set；2) tile bacterium material, is inoculated with halimasch cultigen；3) Germination Strain cultigen is mixed with Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule, obtains seed dressing Germination Strain；4) tile 1 layer of seed dressing Germination Strain on bacterium material, spreads one layer of leaf, earthing；5) bacterium bed is excavated, bacterium material both ends are colonized hoary hair fiber crops, and place and draw bacterium material, earthing；6) it harvests.The present invention can synchronize in planting rhizoma gastrodiae and carry out generative propagation and vegetative propagation, improve land utilization ratio, cost-effective, annual per mu yield arrow fiber crops dry product 187.2kg, and the output value 4.2~6.6 ten thousand yuan are higher by 2.1~30,000 yuan than traditional cultivation method per mu yield, and economic value is considerable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of planting of Chinese medicinal material, and in particular to a kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method.
Background technology
Gastrodia orchid family, perennial symbiosis draft.Ripe plant tuberosity and scape, without root and leaf.Stem tuber meat
Matter, faint yellow, long avette or oblong are 7~15 centimetres long, have uniform link, there is film quality scale leaf at section.Scape is upright, high by 1
~1.7 meters, raceme basidixed spends greenish orange red or yellow green.Capsule oblong or obovate.6~July of florescence, fruiting period 7~
August.It is born in woods gap or the woods side of 400~3200 meters of height above sea level.Be distributed mainly on Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan,
Anhui, Henan, Gansu, Jilin, Taiwan and Tibet, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Korea, Japan and the Far East Area of the Soviet Union also have point
Cloth.Rhizoma Gastrodiae has bimillennial usage history in China, and top grade is classified as in history tree, and description is seen earliest《Legendary god of farming's sheet
Grass warp》.Stem tuber mainly contains the ingredients such as Gastrodin, mild-natured, sweet in flavor, there is ceases wind, the function of relieving convulsion, cures mainly dizziness, headache, four limbs are arrested
Contraction, numbness, neurasthenia, insomnia, rheumatalgia pain, child convulsion etc..Because medicine source is in short supply, the side of cultivation has been used in recent years
Method produces.
Traditional gastrodin cultivation is all using centralized production in crop field or greenhouse, such as Chinese patent CN1372786A《Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Efficient industrial cultivation technique》Using farmland stalk and manually prepare liquid, semiliquid nutrient solution cultivates what close ring bacterium was realized
A kind of factory culture Rhizoma Gastrodiae technology；Chinese patent CN1262864A《A kind of method of gastrodia elata sexual propagation breeding》Effectively solve
Having determined, existing during traditional cultivation Rhizoma Gastrodiae sexual seed germination rate is low, ball stem is extremely difficult connects bacterium, is difficult to long-term scale metaplasia
The survival rate of the problems such as production, ball stem reach 95% or more, and ball stem is enable to be effectively combined with close ring bacterium.But in tradition
Gastrodin cultivation in, generative propagation and vegetative propagation are separately planted, and plot could be completed using 2 times, and land resource wastes, simultaneously
Bacterium material utilization rate is low.
Invention content
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of gastrodia tuber imitative wild implantation methods, the kind of generative propagation generation
Seedling (hoary hair fiber crops) harvesting synchronous can be carried out with the arrow fiber crops harvesting that vegetative propagation generates, and is reduced seedling damage, is more advantageous to Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Growth, plantation soil reduce one times, improve bacterium material utilization rate.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method, packet
Include following steps：
1) 8~October of current year bacterium bed is set in untapped forest land；
2) tile one layer of bacterium material into bacterium bed described in step 1), and the bacterium material includes quick-acting bacterium materials and long-acting bacterium material, described
Quick-acting bacterium materials and the in a row interval discharge successively in the plane of long-acting bacterium material, distinguish at the both ends of the quick-acting bacterium materials of every row and long-acting bacterium material
It is inoculated with halimasch cultigen, the soil layer of 5~15cm of thickness is covered on the bacterium material；The long-acting bacterium material include from Qinggang,
Cork oak, Quercus acutissima, high mountain oak, Yunnan lithocarpus glaber, white oak, dead ears lithocarpus glaber, rifle oak, grey white oak, hair leaf oak, high eyebrow evergreen chinquapin, chinquapin, Chinese chestnut,
Mao Li, beech, Cornus controversa, wild cherry, milk or the stem section of wax gourd poplar；The quick-acting bacterium materials include from alder, non-irrigated winter
Melon, two leaf birch, red birch, Sorbus alnifloria, bitter peach or bamboo willow stem section；
3) 6~August of second year part, removal step 2) soil layer, the tiling seed dressing Germination Strain on the bacterium material, described
Leaf layer is spread on seed dressing Germination Strain, the soil layer of 5~15cm of thickness is covered on the leaf layer；The preparation step of the seed dressing Germination Strain
Suddenly, including by Germination Strain cultigen with Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule mix；
4) in second year November~March in third year, degerming material periphery soil layer and leaf layer are removed, in the bacterium material close to bacterium bed side
End is colonized 1~2 hoary hair fiber crops respectively, places 2~3 pieces and draws bacterium material, in the soil layer for drawing 5~15cm of covering thickness on bacterium material；Institute
State that draw the source of bacterium material include alder, Anlnus nepalensis, two leaf birch, red birch, Sorbus alnifloria, bitter peach or bamboo willow；
5) third year October~four year collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia in March.
Preferably, the height above sea level in step 1) the untapped forest land is 1400~2500m.
Preferably, a diameter of 5~10cm of step 2) the long-acting bacterium material, length are 15~20cm.
Preferably, a diameter of 3~4cm of step 2) the quick-acting bacterium materials, length are 15~20cm.
Preferably, the inoculum concentration of step 2) the halimasch cultigen is 500mL/ (0.048~0.12) m3。
Preferably, the proportionate relationship of the Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule and Germination Strain cultigen is that 16~20 Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule/500mL sprout
Bacterium germination cultigen.
Preferably, the dosage of step 3) the seed dressing Germination Strain is 100~150mL/ (0.048~0.12) m3。
Preferably, the source of the step 3) leaf includes Fagaceae.
Preferably, the step 4) a diameter of 2~3cm for drawing bacterium material, length are 3~5cm.
Preferably, the step 5) harvesting includes that the seed sprouting in collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia capsule is formed by hoary hair fiber crops and plantation
Hoary hair fiber crops are formed by arrow fiber crops.
The present invention provides a kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method, Rhizoma Gastrodiae is planted in forest land in the wild generative propagation and nothing
Sexual reproduction, which synchronizes, to carry out, and the hoary hair fiber crops that generative propagation generates synchronous can harvest with the arrow fiber crops that vegetative propagation generates, and reduce seedling
Damage is more advantageous to Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth；Generative propagation and vegetative propagation are carried out at the same time, and from 3 years after bacterium bed setting, it is white can to complete a wheel
The harvest of head fiber crops and arrow fiber crops, can also make plantation soil reduce one times, improve land utilization ratio；Bacterium material utilization rate is high.Utilize this
The cultural method of invention, every square metre can produce dry product Rhizoma Gastrodiae 1.95kg, and forest land produces dry product 187.2kg, 4.2 ten thousand yuan of per mu yield per year per acre
~6.6 ten thousand yuan, profit is：30000 yuan~5.4 ten thousand yuan, economic benefits.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the tiling result figure of bacterium material；
Fig. 2 is bacterium bed ideograph, and wherein Fig. 2-1 is the cropping pattern figure of seed dressing Germination Strain and hoary hair fiber crops, and 2-2 is bacterium bed layer
Figure.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention provides a kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural methods, include the following steps：
1) 8~October of current year bacterium bed is set in untapped forest land；
2) tile one layer of bacterium material into bacterium bed described in step 1), and the bacterium material includes quick-acting bacterium materials and long-acting bacterium material, described
Quick-acting bacterium materials and the in a row interval discharge successively in the plane of long-acting bacterium material, distinguish at the both ends of the quick-acting bacterium materials of every row and long-acting bacterium material
It is inoculated with halimasch cultigen, the soil layer of 5~15cm of thickness is covered on the bacterium material；The long-acting bacterium material include from Qinggang,
Cork oak, Quercus acutissima, high mountain oak, Yunnan lithocarpus glaber, white oak, dead ears lithocarpus glaber, rifle oak, grey white oak, hair leaf oak, high eyebrow evergreen chinquapin, chinquapin, Chinese chestnut,
Mao Li, beech, Cornus controversa, wild cherry, milk or the stem section of wax gourd poplar；The quick-acting bacterium materials include from alder, non-irrigated winter
Melon, two leaf birch, red birch, Sorbus alnifloria, bitter peach or bamboo willow stem section；
3) 6~August of second year part, removal step 2) soil layer, the tiling seed dressing Germination Strain on the bacterium material, described
Leaf layer is spread on seed dressing Germination Strain, the soil layer of 5~15cm of thickness is covered on the leaf layer；The preparation step of the seed dressing Germination Strain
Suddenly, including by Germination Strain cultigen with Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule mix；
4) in second year November~March in third year, degerming material periphery soil layer and leaf layer are removed, in the bacterium material close to bacterium bed side
End is colonized 1~2 hoary hair fiber crops respectively, places 2~3 pieces and draws bacterium material, in the soil layer for drawing 5~15cm of covering thickness on bacterium material；Institute
State that draw the source of bacterium material include alder, Anlnus nepalensis, two leaf birch, red birch, Sorbus alnifloria, bitter peach or bamboo willow；
5) third year October~four year collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia in March.
The present invention is when carrying out imitative Wild gastrodia cultivation, and first 8~October of current year, bacterium is arranged in untapped forest land
Bed.Forest land of the present invention is preferably broad-leaved forest land, and specifically, forest land is Yunnan Province Zhaotong City Yiliang County in the embodiment of the present invention
Small fascine dam township precious deposits forest zone.The height above sea level in forest land of the present invention is preferably 1400~2500m, more preferably .1700~2400m,
Most preferably 1750~2300m.The length of bacterium bed of the present invention is preferably 60~80cm, more preferably 65~75cm, optimal
It is selected as 68~73cm.The width of bacterium bed of the present invention is preferably 40~50cm, more preferably 45cm, most preferably 46~
48cm.The depth of bacterium bed of the present invention is preferably 20~30cm, more preferably 23~29cm, most preferably 25~27cm.This
There is no any restrictions for method of the invention to setting bacterium bed, utilize the conventional method of this field.
After obtaining bacterium bed, the present invention tiles one layer of bacterium material in the bacterium bed, and the bacterium material includes quick-acting bacterium materials and long-acting
The in a row interval discharge successively in the plane of bacterium material, the quick-acting bacterium materials and long-acting bacterium material, quick-acting bacterium materials described in every row and long-acting
The both ends of bacterium material are inoculated with halimasch cultigen respectively, 5~15cm of overlying soil on bacterium material.Long-acting bacterium material of the present invention includes
From Qinggang, cork oak, Quercus acutissima, high mountain oak, Yunnan lithocarpus glaber, white oak, dead ears lithocarpus glaber, rifle oak, grey white oak, hair leaf oak, high eyebrow evergreen chinquapin,
Chinquapin, Chinese chestnut, Mao Li, beech, Cornus controversa, wild cherry, milk or wax gourd poplar stem section, the diameter of the long-acting bacterium material is preferred
For 5~10cm, more preferably 5~8cm, most preferably 6~7cm.The length of long-acting bacterium material of the present invention is preferably 15~
20cm, more preferably 16~19cm, most preferably 17~18cm.Quick-acting bacterium materials of the present invention include from alder, non-irrigated winter
Melon, two leaf birch, red birch, Sorbus alnifloria, bitter peach or bamboo willow stem section, the diameter of the quick-acting bacterium materials is preferably 5~10cm, more preferably
6~7cm.The length of quick-acting bacterium materials of the present invention is preferably 15cm~20cm, more preferably 16~19cm, most preferably 17~
18cm.There is no particular determinations in source of the present invention to the stem section, and preferably by cutting, the present invention is excellent in cutting
The concordant section of formation of choosing.
There is no any restrictions for tile mode of the present invention to the bacterium material, preferably as shown in Figure 1, quick-acting bacterium materials and length
Effect bacterium material is spaced discharge successively, and pressing from both sides a platoon leader imitates bacterium material in an embodiment of the present invention, between specially every two rows of quick-acting bacterium materials；
Or press from both sides the quick-acting bacterium materials of a row per between two rows of long-acting bacterium materials.In the present invention, the quick-acting bacterium materials and the specific of long-acting bacterium material make
With quantity than preferably 1:1.The present invention when tiling bacterium material, preferably by between quick-acting bacterium materials and the section of long-acting bacterium material there are
Away from the spacing is preferably 2~3cm.
Present invention both ends of quick-acting bacterium materials and long-acting bacterium material described in every row are inoculated with halimasch cultigen respectively, on bacterium material
5~15cm of overlying soil.There is no particular determinations in source of the present invention to the halimasch cultigen, utilize the routine of this field
The specification of commercial product, the halimasch cultigen is preferably 500mL/ bottles, and the dosage of the halimasch cultigen is preferred
For 500mL/ (0.048~0.12) m3.Overlying soil of the present invention preferably first covers the new soil dug out when setting bacterium bed, then
Topsoil is covered again；The dosage of the new soil preferably covers full bacterium material.The thickness of overlying soil of the present invention is preferably 8~
12cm, more preferably 9~11cm, most preferably 10cm.Halimasch of the present invention provides basic nutrition for Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth.
The present invention is mixed in second year 6~August part, by Germination Strain cultigen with Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule, obtains seed dressing Germination Strain.This hair
There is no particular determinations for the bright type to the Germination Strain cultigen, and preferred includes the dendrobium mixture of white mill Cordycepps Mycena.
The present invention, there is no particular determination, can be prepared voluntarily and commercial product also may be selected to the source of the Germination Strain cultigen, when certainly
When row prepares Germination Strain cultigen, preferably the leaf containing Fagaceae is filled up to 500ml by the transplanting of Germination Strain original seed, expansion culture
In polybag, Germination Strain mycelia is by Mycelium culture made of the culture of 6 months or so time.
The Germination Strain cultigen is preferably torn into monolithic leaf and is put into seed dressing appearance by the present invention when carrying out the mixing
In device, there is no particular determinations to the seed dressing container by the present invention, include preferably plastic tub or polybag.It is of the present invention to sprout
The relationship of bacterium germination cultigen and Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule is preferably 16~20 Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules/500mL Germination Strain cultigens, the present invention into
When the row mixing, preferably the Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule is bypassed, shakes out seed, and seed is mixed with Germination Strain monolithic leaf.
It must dress seed after Germination Strain, the present invention removes the overlying soil on degerming material, and tile 1 layer of seed dressing Germination Strain on bacterium material,
One layer of leaf is spread on the seed dressing Germination Strain, 5~15cm of overlying soil on the leaf.Seed dressing Germination Strain of the present invention
Planting area as shown in Fig. 2-1：It is laid in bacterium bed center, the length of the tiling is preferably 40~60cm, and more preferably 45
~55cm, most preferably 50cm.The width of tiling of the present invention is preferably 30~40cm, more preferably 32~38cm, optimal
It is selected as 35cm.The application rate of seed dressing Germination Strain of the present invention is preferably 100~200mL/ (0.048~0.12) m3, more preferably
For 110~150mL/ (0.048~0.12) m3, most preferably 125mL/ (0.048~0.12) m3。
The source of leaf of the present invention includes preferably Fagaceae, when the leaf is dried leaf, preferably
The dried leaf was soaked in water after one day and is used, the dosage of the dried leaf is preferably (0.048~0.12) 0.1~0.5kg/
m3, more preferably 0.15~0.3kg/ (0.048~0.12) m3, most preferably 0.2kg/ (0.048~0.12) m3.The present invention couple
There is no particular determinations for the method for the immersion, utilize the conventional method of this field.When the leaf is fresh leaf,
It can directly be sprinkling upon on seed dressing Germination Strain, the dosage of the fresh leaf is preferably 0.2~1kg/ (0.048~0.12) m3, more excellent
It is selected as 0.3~0.6kg/ (0.048~0.12) m3, most preferably 0.4kg/ (0.048~0.12) m3。
Overlying soil of the present invention preferably first covers the new soil dug out, then covers topsoil again；The dosage of the new soil
Preferably cover full bacterium material.The thickness of overlying soil of the present invention is preferably 5~15cm, more preferably 8~12cm, most preferably
For 10cm.The plantation of seed dressing Germination Strain of the present invention is the generative propagation mode of Rhizoma Gastrodiae.
The present invention removes degerming material periphery soil layer and leaf layer in second year November~March in third year, close to bacterium bed side
Bacterium material end respectively field planting 1~2 hoary hair fiber crops, and place 2~3 pieces draw bacterium material, 5~15cm of overlying soil.Hoary hair of the present invention
The field planting position of fiber crops preferably as shown in Fig. 2-1, is located at the surrounding of bacterium bed.When hoary hair fiber crops field planting of the present invention, preferably white
The numb navel of head is grown thickly close to bacterium material section halimasch locates field planting, and the terminal bud of preferred hoary hair fiber crops is colonized obliquely.The present invention
There is no particular determinations for kind and source to hoary hair fiber crops, utilize the conventional commercial kind of this field.
The source of the present invention for drawing bacterium material includes preferably alder, Anlnus nepalensis, two leaf birch, red birch, Sorbus alnifloria, bitter peach or bamboo
Willow, the length for drawing bacterium material is preferably 3~5cm, and the diameter for drawing bacterium material is preferably 2~3cm.It is of the present invention to draw bacterium material
Placement location preferably in hoary hair's fiber crops navel surrounding.
Overlying soil of the present invention preferably first covers the new soil dug out, and the dosage of the new soil preferably covers full bacterium
Then material covers topsoil again.The thickness of overlying soil of the present invention is preferably 5~15cm, more preferably 8~12cm, optimal
It is selected as 9~11cm.The plantation of hoary hair fiber crops of the present invention is the vegetative manner of Rhizoma Gastrodiae.The present invention completes hoary hair fiber crops in plantation
Afterwards, bacterium bed is as shown in Fig. 2-2, includes altogether four layers, be followed successively by from top to bottom soil layer, leaf layer, seed dressing Germination Strain+hoary hair fiber crops layer,
Bacterium material layer.
The present invention third year October~four year harvest March.Harvesting of the present invention includes preferably collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia capsule
Seed sprouting in fruit is formed by hoary hair fiber crops and plantation hoary hair fiber crops are formed by arrow fiber crops, and hoary hair fiber crops and arrow fiber crops harvest simultaneously.This
There is no particular determinations for method of the invention to the harvesting, are harvested after preferably removing bacterium bed overlying soil.The present invention exists
After harvesting, Rhizoma Gastrodiae planting site needs to be spaced at least 5 years could carry out Rhizoma Gastrodiae plantation again.
Imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method provided by the invention is described in detail with reference to embodiment, but cannot
They are interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In the small fascine dam township precious deposits forest zone in Yunnan Province Zhaotong City Yiliang County, First Year late August is planted, digs long 70 ± 10cm,
Wide 45 ± 5cm, the pool of deep 25 ± 5cm is as bacterium bed；Qinggang of diameter 8cm is selected to be cut into the length section of 15cm as long-acting bacterium material,
The bamboo willow of diameter 4cm is selected to be cut into the length section of 15cm as quick-acting bacterium materials, by Qinggang and bamboo willow according to 1:1 quantity than is taken at random
With being placed in bacterium bed, bacterium material section spacing 2cm；It does not interspace between bacterium material and subsoil；The bacterium material both ends inoculation of each bacterium bed
500mL halimasch cultigens；Then earthing first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full bacterium material, then cover topsoil, thickness 8cm.
Second year June is planted, Germination Strain cultigen (500 milliliter/bag) is torn into monolithic leaf, is put into plastic tub；It will
18 Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules are bypassed, and seed is shaked out, and are uniformly sowed and are mixed thoroughly on Germination Strain leaf.Push bacterium bed aside, in the long 40cm in bacterium bed center,
The position of wide 30cmcm, evenly laid out one layer of seed dressing Germination Strain (being 1/4 bag per bacterium bed strain amount, 500 milliliters/bag)；Above again
The leaf for spreading one layer of Fagaceae is advisable with covering seed dressing Germination Strain, and then earthing, first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full bacterium material；
Topsoil compression, thickness 8cm are covered again.
Second year November is planted, is pushed aside bacterium bed surrounding 10cm at, in each 1 seedling of field planting (the hoary hair fiber crops) of bacterium material section, is planted
Seedling navel is grown thickly place close to bacterium material section halimasch, is placed 2 pieces and is drawn bacterium material (diameter 2cm~3cm, long 3cm~5cm's is quick-acting
Bacterium material segment), seedling terminal bud is obliquely.Then earthing first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full seedling；Topsoil, thickness 8cm are covered again.
It plants October in third year~plantation in March, the 4th, removal bacterium bed table soil is careful to take out arrow fiber crops and seedling in the bacterium pool.
As a result it shows：Each bacterium bed 15~20kg bacterium materials, in terms of Rhizoma Gastrodiae fresh weight, each bacterium bed can produce Rhizoma Gastrodiae arrow fiber crops 1.5
~3kg, hoary hair 1~1.5kg of fiber crops, net profit are 3~5.4 ten thousand yuan/mu.
Embodiment 2
In the small fascine dam township precious deposits forest zone in Yunnan Province Zhaotong City Yiliang County, First Year September is planted, digs long 70 ± 10cm, it is wide by 45
± 5cmcm, the pool of deep 25 ± 5cm is as bacterium bed；Qinggang of diameter 10cm is selected to be cut into the length section of 20cm as long-acting bacterium material, choosing
The Sorbus alnifloria for selecting diameter 3cm is cut into the length section of 20cm as quick-acting bacterium materials, by Qinggang and bamboo willow according to 1:1 quantity is than random collocation
It is placed in bacterium bed, bacterium material section spacing 3cm；It does not interspace between bacterium material and subsoil；The bacterium material both ends of each bacterium bed are inoculated with 500mL
Halimasch cultigen；Then earthing first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full bacterium material, then cover topsoil, thickness 10cm.
Second year July is planted, Germination Strain cultigen (500 milliliter/bag) is torn into monolithic leaf, is put into plastic tub；It will
16 Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules are bypassed, and seed is shaked out, and are uniformly sowed and are mixed thoroughly on Germination Strain leaf.Push bacterium bed aside, in the long 50cm in bacterium bed center,
The position of wide 35cm, evenly laid out one layer of seed dressing Germination Strain (being 1/4 bag per bacterium bed strain amount, 500 milliliters/bag)；It spreads again above
The leaf of one layer of Fagaceae is advisable with covering seed dressing Germination Strain, and then earthing, first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full bacterium material；Again
Cover topsoil compression, thickness 10cm.
Third year 1 is planted, is pushed aside at bacterium bed surrounding 15cm, 2 seedlings (hoary hair fiber crops), seedling tripe are respectively colonized in bacterium material section
Navel eye is grown thickly place close to bacterium material section halimasch, is placed 3 pieces and is drawn bacterium material (the quick-acting bacterium materials of diameter 2cm~3cm, long 3cm~5cm
Segment), seedling terminal bud is obliquely.Then earthing first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full seedling；Topsoil, thickness 10cm are covered again.
It plants October in third year~plantation in March, the 4th, removal bacterium bed table soil is careful to take out arrow fiber crops and seedling in the bacterium pool.
As a result it shows：Each bacterium bed 15~20kg bacterium materials, in terms of Rhizoma Gastrodiae fresh weight, each bacterium bed can produce Rhizoma Gastrodiae arrow fiber crops 1.5
~2.5kg, hoary hair 1~1.5kg of fiber crops, net profit are 3~5.4 ten thousand yuan/mu.
Embodiment 3
In the small fascine dam township precious deposits forest zone in Yunnan Province Zhaotong City Yiliang County, plantation First Year October, long 70 ± 10cm is dug, it is wide by 45
± 5cmcm, the pool of deep 25 ± 5cm is as bacterium bed；The Quercus acutissima of diameter 5cm is selected to be cut into the length section of 15cm as long-acting bacterium material, choosing
The bamboo willow for selecting diameter 3cm is cut into the length section of 15cm as quick-acting bacterium materials, by Qinggang and bamboo willow according to 1:1 quantity is than random collocation
It is placed in bacterium bed, bacterium material section spacing 2cm；It does not interspace between bacterium material and subsoil；The bacterium material both ends of each bacterium bed are inoculated with 500mL
Halimasch cultigen；Then earthing first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full bacterium material, then cover topsoil, thickness 15cm.
Second year August is planted, Germination Strain cultigen (500 milliliter/bag) is torn into monolithic leaf, is put into plastic tub；It will
20 Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules are bypassed, and seed is shaked out, and are uniformly sowed and are mixed thoroughly on Germination Strain leaf.Push bacterium bed aside, in the long 50cm in bacterium bed center,
The position of wide 40cm, evenly laid out one layer of seed dressing Germination Strain (being 1/4 bag per bacterium bed strain amount, 500 milliliters/bag)；It spreads again above
The leaf of one layer of Fagaceae is advisable with covering seed dressing Germination Strain, and then earthing, first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full bacterium material；Again
Cover topsoil compression, thickness 15cm.
March in third year is planted, is pushed aside at bacterium bed surrounding 10cm, 1 seedling (hoary hair fiber crops), seedling are respectively colonized in bacterium material section
Navel is grown thickly place close to bacterium material section halimasch, is placed 2 pieces and is drawn bacterium material (the quick-acting bacterium of diameter 2cm~3cm, long 3cm~5cm
Material segment), seedling terminal bud is obliquely.Then earthing first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full seedling；Topsoil, thickness 15cm are covered again.
It plants October in third year~plantation in March, the 4th, removal bacterium bed table soil is careful to take out arrow fiber crops and seedling in the bacterium pool.
As a result it shows：Each bacterium bed 15~20kg bacterium materials, in terms of Rhizoma Gastrodiae fresh weight, each bacterium bed can produce Rhizoma Gastrodiae arrow fiber crops 1.5
~2.5kg, hoary hair 1~1.25kg of fiber crops, net profit are 3~5.4 ten thousand yuan/mu.
Comparative example：Utilize the general planting method of this field, planting rhizoma gastrodiae：
The first step：Generative propagation
First Year August~October is planted, long 60cm~80cm, the pool conduct of wide 40cm~50cm, deep 20cm~30cm are dug
Bacterium bed；The length section that Qinggang of 5~10cm of diameter is cut into 15~20cm is selected to select the bamboo of 5~10cm of diameter as long-acting bacterium material
Willow is cut into the length section of 15~20cm as quick-acting bacterium materials, by Qinggang and bamboo willow according to 1:1 quantity is placed in bacterium than random collocation
In bed, 2~3cm of bacterium material section spacing；It does not interspace between bacterium material and subsoil；The bacterium material both ends of each bacterium bed are inoculated with 500mL honey rings
Bacteria cultivation kind；Then earthing first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full bacterium material, then cover topsoil, 5~15cm of thickness.
~August is planted second year June, Germination Strain cultigen (500 milliliter/bag) is torn into monolithic leaf, is put into plastic tub
It is interior；16~20 Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules are bypassed, seed is shaked out, uniformly sows and is mixed thoroughly on Germination Strain leaf.Bacterium bed is pushed aside, in bacterium bed
Entreat long 40cm~60cm, the position of wide 30cm~40cm, evenly laid out one layer of seed dressing Germination Strain (it is 1/4 bag per bacterium bed strain amount,
500 milliliters/bag)；The leaf for spreading one layer of Fagaceae again above is advisable, then earthing with covering seed dressing Germination Strain, is first covered new
Soil is advisable with covering full bacterium material；Topsoil compression, 5~15cm of thickness are covered again
Plant second year October~March in plantation third year, removal bacterium bed table soil, it is careful take out seedling in the bacterium pool carry out it is asexual
Breeding.
~June is planted second year March, digs long 60cm~80cm, wide 40cm~50cm, the pool of deep 20cm~30cm is as bacterium
Bed；Each bacterium bed presses quick-acting bacterium materials and long-acting bacterium material 1:1 random collocation is placed in bacterium bed；Bacterium material section spacing 2cm~3cm；
It does not interspace between bacterium material and subsoil；Bacterium material both ends are inoculated with halimasch cultigen (being 1 bottle per pool strain amount, 500 milliliters/bottle)；It covers
Soil：New soil is first covered, is advisable with covering full bacterium material；Topsoil, 5~15cm of thickness are covered again.
Second step：Vegetative propagation (sapling multiplication)
~June is planted second year March, digs long 60cm~80cm, wide 40cm~50cm, the pool of deep 20cm~30cm is as bacterium
Bed；The length section that Qinggang of 5~10cm of diameter is cut into 15~20cm is selected to select the bamboo willow of 5~10cm of diameter as long-acting bacterium material
The length section of 15~20cm is cut into as quick-acting bacterium materials, by Qinggang and bamboo willow according to 1:1 quantity is placed in bacterium bed than random collocation
It is interior, 2~3cm of bacterium material section spacing；It does not interspace between bacterium material and subsoil；The bacterium material both ends of each bacterium bed are inoculated with 500mL halimasch
Cultigen；Then earthing first covers new soil, is advisable with covering full bacterium material, then cover topsoil, 5~15cm of thickness.
~March in plantation third year is planted second year November, pushs culture bacterium bed surrounding 10cm~15cm aside, bacterium material section is each fixed
Plant 1~2 seedling (hoary hair fiber crops)；Seedling navel is grown thickly place close to bacterium material section halimasch, is placed 2~3 pieces and is drawn bacterium material (diameter
The quick-acting bacterium materials segment of 2cm~3cm, long 3cm~5cm), seedling terminal bud obliquely, then earthing：New soil is first covered, to cover full kind
Seedling is advisable；Topsoil, 5~15cm of thickness are covered again.
It plants October in third year~plantation in March, the 4th, removal bacterium bed table soil is careful to take out arrow fiber crops in the bacterium pool.
The results show that each bacterium bed 15~20kg bacterium materials, in terms of Rhizoma Gastrodiae fresh weight, each bacterium bed can produce Rhizoma Gastrodiae arrow fiber crops 1.5
~3kg, hoary hair 1~1.5kg of fiber crops, but since vegetative propagation is separately carried out with generative propagation, be required for culture bacterium bed every time, lead
Cost is caused to increase, net profit is 0.9~2.4 ten thousand yuan/mu.
In summary, using the imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method of the present invention, it is white that a wheel has been completed at the same time in 3 years time
The harvest of head fiber crops and arrow fiber crops, every square metre can produce fresh Rhizoma Gastrodiae 7.8kg or more, dry product 1.95kg or more, and forest land can plant 96 per acre
Square metre, produce dry product 187.2kg per year, per mu yield 4.2~6.6 ten thousand yuan, than traditional cultivation method per mu yield 2.1~3.6 ten thousand yuan, per mu yield is high
Going out 2.1~30,000 yuan, planting cost presses 1.2 ten thousand yuan/mu, and relatively low traditional cultivation method per mu yield profit is only 0.9~2.4 ten thousand yuan, this
Inventive method plants per mu yield profit：3~5.4 ten thousand yuan, economic value is considerable.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of imitative Wild gastrodia cultural method, includes the following steps：
1) 8~October of current year bacterium bed is set in untapped forest land；
2) tile one layer of bacterium material into bacterium bed described in step 1), and the bacterium material includes quick-acting bacterium materials and long-acting bacterium material, described quick-acting
Bacterium material and the in a row interval discharge successively in the plane of long-acting bacterium material, are inoculated with respectively at the both ends of the quick-acting bacterium materials of every row and long-acting bacterium material
Halimasch cultigen covers the soil layer of 5~15cm of thickness on the bacterium material；The long-acting bacterium material includes from Qinggang, cork
Oak, Quercus acutissima, high mountain oak, Yunnan lithocarpus glaber, white oak, dead ears lithocarpus glaber, rifle oak, grey white oak, hair leaf oak, high eyebrow evergreen chinquapin, chinquapin, Chinese chestnut, Mao Li,
Beech, Cornus controversa, wild cherry, milk or the stem section of wax gourd poplar；The quick-acting bacterium materials include from alder, Anlnus nepalensis, two
Ye Hua, red birch, Sorbus alnifloria, bitter peach or bamboo willow stem section；
3) 6~August of second year part, removal step 2) soil layer, the tiling seed dressing Germination Strain on the bacterium material, in the seed dressing
Leaf layer is spread on Germination Strain, and the soil layer of 5~15cm of thickness is covered on the leaf layer；The preparation process of the seed dressing Germination Strain,
Including Germination Strain cultigen is mixed with Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule；
4) in second year November~March in third year, degerming material periphery soil layer and leaf layer are removed, at the bacterium material end point close to bacterium bed side
Not Ding Zhi 1~2 hoary hair fiber crops, place 2~3 pieces and draw bacterium material, it is described draw the soil layer of thickness 5~15cm is covered on bacterium material；It is described to draw
The source of bacterium material includes alder, Anlnus nepalensis, two leaf birch, red birch, Sorbus alnifloria, bitter peach or bamboo willow；
5) third year October~four year collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia in March.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the height above sea level in step 1) the untapped forest land is 1400
~2500m.
3. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that a diameter of the 5 of step 2) the long-acting bacterium material~
10cm, length are 15~20cm.
4. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that a diameter of the 3 of step 2) the quick-acting bacterium materials~
4cm, length are 15~20cm.
5. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the inoculum concentration of step 2) the halimasch cultigen is
500mL/ (0.048~0.12) m3。
6. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ratio of the Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule and Germination Strain cultigen
Relationship is 16~20 Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsules/500mL Germination Strain cultigens.
7. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the dosage of step 3) the seed dressing Germination Strain is 100
~150mL/ (0.048~0.12) m3。
8. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the source of the step 3) leaf includes that Fagaceae is planted
Object.
9. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 4) a diameter of 2~3cm for drawing bacterium material,
Length is 3~5cm.
10. cultural method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 5) harvesting includes collecting tuber of elevated gastrodia capsule
In seed sprouting be formed by hoary hair fiber crops and plantation hoary hair fiber crops be formed by arrow fiber crops.
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| CN109496742A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-22 | 竹山县神康车湾中药材种植专业合作社 | Ecology open country gastrodin cultivation method |
| CN110972865A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-10 | 四川双线科技有限公司 | Gastrodia elata planting method |
| CN112005833A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-01 | 德江县绿通天麻发展有限公司 | Gastrodia elata and phallus impudicus rotation planting method |
| CN112005832A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-01 | 德江县绿通天麻发展有限公司 | Wheel interplanting method of gastrodia elata and polygonatum |
| CN112840970A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 西南林业大学 | Large-area planting method and device for breaking continuous cropping obstacles of white head ramie |
| CN113349006A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-07 | 昭通市华宝生物科技开发有限责任公司 | Planting method of gastrodia elata |
| CN113557921A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-29 | 南漳致远农业科技有限公司 | Method for recovering original population of Shennongjia wild gastrodia elata |
| CN113661890A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-19 | 达州市农业科学研究院 | Cultivation method for sexual propagation and interplanting vegetative propagation of gastrodia elata |
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| CN113557921A (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2021-10-29 | 南漳致远农业科技有限公司 | Method for recovering original population of Shennongjia wild gastrodia elata |
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