CN109429900B

CN109429900B - Ganoderma lucidum wild-imitating cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN109429900B
Application number: CN201811533730.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗霞; 姚珂; 余梦瑶
Original assignee: Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences SACMS
Current assignee: Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences SACMS
Priority date: 2018-12-14
Filing date: 2018-12-14
Publication date: 2021-06-25
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-14
Also published as: CN109429900A

Abstract

The invention discloses a lucid ganoderma wild-imitating cultivation method which is characterized by cultivating lucid ganoderma in shade of forest, and specifically comprises the following steps of (1) taking sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corncobs, gypsum and lime as cultivation substrates; (2) manufacturing a fungus bag; (3) inoculating; (4) spawn running management; (5) managing the ganoderma lucidum emergence period; (6) harvesting; (7) and (5) carrying out tide change management. The lucid ganoderma cultivated by the method has the advantages of low labor cost, short period, good appearance and shape and high content of active ingredients. Compared with the contrast common method, the production cycle is shortened by 12 days, the yield is improved by 7.34 percent compared with the contrast, the contents of polysaccharide, triterpene and sterol are respectively increased by 13.9 percent and 18.2 percent compared with the contrast, and the method has good economic and social benefits and is worthy of large-scale popularization and use.

Description

Ganoderma lucidum wild-imitating cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a wild-simulated cultivation method of lucid ganoderma, belonging to the field of edible fungi.

Background

Ganoderma lucidum ganodermatatum lucidum (Leys. ex Fr.) Karst, also known as Lingzhilin and Qiongzhen, is the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum of Polyporaceae. Has effects of invigorating qi, tranquilizing mind, relieving cough and asthma, and prolonging life. The medicine is used for hundreds of years without decline, and has high medicinal value and nutritive value proved by history. Modern medical research and clinical practice prove that: the lucid ganoderma can be used for health care and beauty treatment; has remarkable curative effects on chronic bronchitis, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipemia, hypertension, neurasthenia, hepatitis and hemopoietic system diseases, and can enhance appetite, improve sleep, delay aging and strengthen body by taking ganoderma lucidum.

The current ganoderma lucidum cultivation method mainly comprises greenhouse cultivation and wild-imitating cultivation under forests. The ganoderma lucidum cultivated in a greenhouse has fast growth speed and short period because natural ground gas can not be absorbed, but the quality is poor, and the content of medicinal components ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, triterpene and sterol is low; the wild-like cultivation under the forest overcomes the defects of greenhouse cultivation to a certain extent, but the prior art is not mature enough, long in period, low in yield and unstable in quality.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a novel lucid ganoderma wild-imitating cultivation method, which is characterized in that the lucid ganoderma wild-imitating cultivation method is cultivated in a forest shade and comprises the following specific steps:

(1) preparing a culture medium: weighing 55-65 parts of three medicinal materials, namely wood chips, 15-25 parts of cottonseed hulls, 12-24 parts of corncobs, 0.7-1.3 parts of gypsum and 0.7-1.3 parts of lime respectively; the three medicinal materials are eucommia bark, phellodendron bark and trunk and branch of magnolia bark after peeling;

(2) and (3) making a fungus bag: pre-wetting cotton seed hulls and corncobs with water for 12-24 h, mixing with other substrates, stirring uniformly, composting, adjusting the pH value, bagging, stacking and sterilizing the fungus bags in layers, and cooling for later use;

(3) inoculation: inoculating Ganoderma strain into the bag, sealing, and transferring to a bacteria-producing room;

(4) spawn running management: stacking the fungus bags in a fungus growing room in a layered mode, turning over and stacking after hyphae pass through shoulders, enabling the hyphae to grow over the fungus bags to form fungus bags, and moving the fungus bags to the shade of a forest;

(5) and (3) management of the ganoderma lucidum emergence period: taking six fungus bags as a group, removing fungus bags, crossing horizontally and vertically to form two layers, placing the two layers on the ridge surface, covering soil, scraping the ridge surface, and covering a layer of black sunshade net;

(6) harvesting: the lignification of the ganoderma is increased, white growing points on the edge disappear, pileus is not expanded, when the edge begins to thicken, sporophores are collected, and pedicles are left;

(7) and (3) tide change management: after the harvesting is finished, removing weeds, finishing the ridge surface, covering soil, growing sporocarp on the original ganoderma stems after 20-30 days, and harvesting the second ganoderma after the original ganoderma stems are mature.

Further, the weight ratio of the matrix in the step (1) is as follows: 60 parts of three-wood medicinal material wood chips, 20 parts of cottonseed hulls, 18 parts of corncobs, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of lime; the weight ratio of the wood chips of the eucommia, the phellodendron and the mangnolia officinalis in the wood chips of the three medicinal materials is 1: 1: 1.

further, the water content after being uniformly stirred in the step (2) is 65-70 percent; and/or said retting time is 5 d; and/or, the pH value is adjusted to 6.5 by lime water; and/or the gap between the layered stacking bacterium bags is 2 cm; and/or, the sterilization is normal pressure sterilization for 24 hours; and/or, the cooling is to a temperature of 15-25 ℃.

Further, fumigating the inoculated tool, the fungus bag and the cultivated strain bottle filled with the strain in the step (3) with the chlorine dioxide disinfectant powder for 30 min; and/or the operation of inoculation is aseptic operation; and/or the using amount of the strains is that 10 bags of strain bags are inoculated to each bottle of cultivated species (650 ml); and/or the sterilization chamber is sterilized.

Further, the layered stacking height of the fungus bags in the step (4) is 6 layers, and the gap between the fungus bags is 2 cm; and/or the temperature of the spawn running room is 23-26 ℃, the air humidity is 50-70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 200-500 ppm; and/or rejecting the fungus bags with poor growth state and pollution during pile turning.

Further, in the step (5), the distance between every two groups of fungus sacks is 10cm, and soil is filled among every two groups of fungus sacks; and/or the thickness of the covering soil is 2-3 cm; and/or the sunshade net is 2-2.5m higher from the ground.

Further, harvesting in sunny days when the fruit bodies are harvested in the step (6); and/or the length of the pedicel is 1-2 cm.

Further, the thickness of the covering soil in the step (7) is 2-3 cm.

Further, the specification of the fungus bag is 17cm multiplied by 33cm multiplied by 0.05 cm.

The invention finally provides a bed making method, which is characterized in that: turning soil under the shade of forest, knocking to fine, making high furrow with width of 2-3m and length flexibly determined by the distance between trees, spreading a layer of quicklime on the furrow surface, insolating for 3-5 days in sunlight, wetting with water, and digging 20-30cm deep ditch around the furrow surface to obtain the furrow for culturing Ganoderma.

The lucid ganoderma produced by the lucid ganoderma wild-imitating cultivation method has the advantages of low labor cost, short period, good appearance and shape and high content of active ingredients. Compared with the contrast common method, the production cycle is shortened by 12 days, the yield is improved by 7.34 percent compared with the contrast, the contents of polysaccharide, triterpene and sterol are respectively increased by 13.9 percent and 18.2 percent compared with the contrast, and the method has good economic and social benefits and is worthy of large-scale popularization and use.

Obviously, many modifications, substitutions, and variations are possible in light of the above teachings of the invention, without departing from the basic technical spirit of the invention, as defined by the following claims.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. This should not be understood as limiting the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention to the following examples. All the technologies realized based on the above contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the wild-simulated cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum under forest

Detailed Description

Example 1 wild-imitating cultivation method for ganoderma lucidum under forest

1. Bacterial source

Approved species of "Yuze Zhi Ling" (Chuan examined medicine 2015008) in Sichuan province.

2. Region of origin

International vacation in Qilei lawn, Chuanzhou province (northern latitude N29 degree 34 '25', east longitude E103 degree 15 '23')

3 site selection

And (5) under forest.

4 cultivation of

A. Cultivation method

The bag type grog cultivation under forest is imitated by wild cultivation, and the specification of the cultivation fungus bag is 17cm multiplied by 33cm multiplied by 0.03 cm.

B. Cultivation method

(1) Preparing a culture medium: respectively weighing fresh, mildew-free, worm-eaten-free, clean and dry raw materials: 60 parts of three-wood medicinal material wood chips, 20 parts of cottonseed hulls, 18 parts of corncobs, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of lime. (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv) belongs to Eucommia ulmoides of Eucommiaceae, Phellodendron amurense (Phellodendron chinense Schneid) belongs to Phellodendron of Rutaceae, Magnolia officinalis (mangnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wlis.) belongs to Magnolia of Magnoliaceae, the three are bark-used woody medicinal materials which are collectively called "Sanmu medicinal materials", and the weight ratio of wood chips of Eucommia ulmoides, Phellodendron amurense and mangnolia officinalis is 1: 1: 1);

(2) and (3) making a fungus bag: pre-wetting the weighed cotton seed hulls and corn cobs with water for 12-24 h. Mixing the other materials with the above mixture, and stirring. The water content of the cultivation material is controlled to 65-70%, so that when one hand holds the cultivation material, water drops seep out from the finger gaps, but the water drops do not drip. And (5) stirring the materials and then stacking and retting for 5 d. The pH was adjusted to 6.5 with lime water. The filled fungus bags are layered and stacked in a sterilization stove, and a 2cm gap is reserved between the bags, so that steam can circulate conveniently, and the sterilization is thorough. And sterilizing for 24 hours by using a normal-pressure sterilization method after connecting the vent pipe. Cooling to 15-25 deg.C;

(3) inoculation: and putting the sterilized and cooled material bag, the cultivation seed bottle subjected to 75% alcohol surface sterilization and a cleaned inoculation tool into an inoculation box, and fumigating with high-chlorine disinfectant powder for half an hour to perform inoculation. During inoculation, an aged bacterium layer on the surface of the strain is removed by using an inoculation hook, and the strain is stirred to be scattered, can not be excessively crushed and is preferably smashed into peanut kernels. Opening the tying ports at the two ends of the material bag, inoculating strains respectively, immediately sealing, tying, and repeating the steps. The strain is scattered on the surface of the material, and 10 bags of cultivation bags are inoculated to each bottle of cultivation seeds (650ml) with the controlled seed amount. The inoculation process should shorten the bag opening time as much as possible, achieve aseptic operation, strictly control, and reduce pollution. Transferring the fungus pack to a sterilized fungus room after inoculation is finished;

(4) spawn running management: the fungus bags are layered and stacked in a fungus growing chamber, and the stacking height is 6 layers. A2 cm gap is reserved between the bags to facilitate gas exchange. The temperature in the spawn running period is controlled to be 23-26 ℃, and the air humidity is controlled to be 50-70%. Ventilating and ventilating in combination with temperature and humidity conditions during spawn running, controlling the temperature at 23-26 ℃, and controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 200-500 ppm. After the hyphae pass the shoulders, turning over the pile, moving the fungus bags at the outer edge inwards, and moving the fungus bags at the inner layer inwards so as to ensure that the growth vigor of the hyphae is relatively consistent. Simultaneously, rejecting the fungus bags with poor growth state and pollution;

(5) and (3) management of the ganoderma lucidum emergence period:

a. making bed

And digging the ground under the shade of the forest to form high furrows, wherein the width of the furrows is 2-3m, and the length distance is flexibly determined according to the distance between trees. Before making a bed, the soil on the bed surface is turned up and beaten finely. Spreading quicklime on the bottom of the ridge in advance, and wetting with water after insolation for 3-5 days. A ditch with the depth of 20-30cm needs to be dug beside the ridge surface for drainage.

Covering a layer of black sunshade net at a position 2-2.5m away from the ground to prevent the soil from being washed away when the rainwater is excessive and to prevent the ganoderma lucidum from being threatened.

b. Fungi bag buried soil

When soil is buried, all the fungus bags are taken off, six fungus bags are taken as a group, the fungus bags are crossed horizontally and vertically to form two layers, the fungus bags are placed on the surface of the ridge in order, and the peripheral space is 10 cm. Followed by placing the second group. The groups are filled with soil. Covering soil with a thickness of 2-3cm on the fungus bag. After covering soil, scraping the surface of the furrow, and then carrying out wild-imitating cultivation under the forest;

(6) harvesting

d. Standard of harvest

The white growing points on the edge of the ganoderma lucidum disappear. The pileus is not expanded any more, the edge begins to thicken, the weight of the ganoderma lucidum is increased, and the lignification of the ganoderma lucidum is increased;

f. harvesting method

Collecting mature Ganoderma in sunny day, cutting or shearing the Ganoderma stem from the root of Ganoderma stem with sharp knife or branch shear, and keeping stem stalk 1-2 cm;

The effect of the wild-simulated cultivation of Ganoderma under forest is shown in figure 1

The following test examples illustrate the advantageous effects of the present invention:

test example 1 comparative test of the present invention and conventional under-forest wild-like cultivation

(1) Wood chip for cultivation

Test groups: the wastes of the three medicinal materials after harvesting are mostly trunks and branches after peeling, and the three medicinal materials are used as raw materials and crushed into wood chips;

control group: common wood chip

(2) Cultivation formula

The test group cultivation formula comprises: 60% of sawdust, 20% of cottonseed hulls, 18% of corncobs, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime.

The cultivation formula of the control group is as follows: 60% of wood chips, 20% of cottonseed hulls, 18% of corncobs, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime.

(3) And (3) soil covering cultivation mode:

test groups: taking off all the fungus bags, taking six fungus bags as a group, and arranging the fungus bags on the surface of the ridge in order with the peripheral distance of 10cm, wherein the fungus bags are arranged in a horizontal-vertical crossing manner to form two layers. Followed by placing the second group. The groups are filled with soil. Covering 2-3cm of soil on the fungus bag. And after covering soil, scraping the surface of the furrow (the soil is underground, the humidity is high, the soil is wet, watering is not needed after the fungus bags are covered with soil), and then carrying out wild-imitating cultivation under the forest.

Control group (conventional cultivation): the fungus sticks full of hyphae are removed from the bag and then are uniformly arranged in the land (one group of 2 fungus sticks is formed, one layer of the fungus sticks is formed), soil is uniformly covered, the other cultivation modes are the same, and the fungus sticks are grown.

(4) Data comparison

TABLE 1 Objective period record table for Yuze ganoderma lucidum under different formulas and cultivation modes

The production cycle of the ganoderma lucidum by using the three-wood medicinal material formula and the soil-covering cultivation mode is shortened by 12 days.

TABLE 2 sub-entity shape index record table of Yuze ganoderma lucidum under different formulas and cultivation modes

The appearance of the ganoderma lucidum cultivated by using the three-wood medicinal material formula and the soil covering cultivation method is full and sold.

TABLE 3 effective component content record of Yuze Ganoderma lucidum under different formulas and cultivation modes

The contents of active ingredients of polysaccharide, triterpene and sterol of the ganoderma lucidum adopting the formula of the three-wood medicinal material and the soil-covering cultivation mode are respectively improved by 13.9 percent and 18.2 percent.

TABLE 4 Absolute conversion Rate record (yield) of Yuze Ganoderma lucidum under different formulations and cultivation methods

The yield of the ganoderma lucidum adopting the three-wood medicinal material formula and the soil-covering cultivation mode is improved by 7.34 percent.

From comparative experiments it can be seen that: the cultivation method of the invention has the advantages of short growth cycle of the ganoderma lucidum, good appearance and shape and high content of active ingredients. Compared with the contrast common method, the production cycle is shortened by 12 days, the yield is improved by 7.34 percent compared with the contrast, the contents of polysaccharide, triterpene and sterol are respectively increased by 13.9 percent and 18.2 percent compared with the contrast, and the method has good economic and social benefits and is worthy of large-scale popularization and use.

Claims

1. A high-quality and high-quality ganoderma lucidum wild-imitating cultivation method is characterized in that the ganoderma lucidum is cultivated in a forest shade, and the specific steps are as follows:

(1) preparing a culture medium: weighing 60 parts of three medicinal materials, namely wood dust, 20 parts of cottonseed hulls, 18 parts of corncobs, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of lime respectively; the three medicinal materials are trunks and branches of eucommia ulmoides, phellodendron amurense and mangnolia officinalis which are peeled; the weight ratio of the wood chips of the eucommia, the phellodendron and the mangnolia officinalis in the wood chips of the three medicinal materials is 1: 1: 1;

(5) and (3) management of the ganoderma lucidum emergence period: taking six fungus bags as a group, removing fungus bags, crossing horizontally and vertically into two layers, placing the two layers on the surface of a furrow, covering soil for 2-3cm, scraping the surface of the furrow, and covering a layer of black sunshade net, wherein the height of the sunshade net above the ground is 2-2.5 m; the distance between every two groups of fungus sacks is 10cm, and soil is filled between every two groups of fungus sacks;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the water content after the uniform stirring in the step (2) is 65 to 70 percent; and/or said retting time is 5 d; and/or, the pH value is adjusted to 6.5 by lime water; and/or the gap between the layered stacking bacterium bags is 2 cm; and/or, the sterilization is normal pressure sterilization for 24 hours; and/or, the cooling is to a temperature of 15-25 ℃.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: fumigating the inoculated tool, the fungus bag and the cultivated seed bottle filled with the fungus for 30min by using the sodium monochloride disinfectant powder; and/or the operation of inoculation is aseptic operation; and/or the using amount of the strains is that 10 bags of strain bags are inoculated to each bottle of cultivated species (650 ml); and/or the sterilization chamber is sterilized.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the layered stacking height of the fungus bags in the step (4) is 6 layers, and the gap between the fungus bags is 2 cm; and/or the temperature of the spawn running room is 23-26 ℃, the air humidity is 50-70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 200-500 ppm; and/or rejecting the fungus bags with poor growth state and pollution during pile turning.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: harvesting in sunny days when the sporocarp is harvested; and/or the length of the pedicel is 1-2 cm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: and (7) covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the specification of the fungus bag is 17cm multiplied by 33cm multiplied by 0.05 cm.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises the following steps: turning soil under the shade of forest, knocking to fine, making high furrow with width of 2-3m and length flexibly determined by the distance between trees, spreading a layer of quicklime on the furrow surface, insolating for 3-5 days in sunlight, watering with water, and digging 20-30cm deep ditch around the furrow surface to obtain the furrow for cultivating Ganoderma.