CN113016527A - Ecological terrace and rice and fish co-farming method - Google Patents

Ecological terrace and rice and fish co-farming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113016527A
CN113016527A CN202110167660.9A CN202110167660A CN113016527A CN 113016527 A CN113016527 A CN 113016527A CN 202110167660 A CN202110167660 A CN 202110167660A CN 113016527 A CN113016527 A CN 113016527A
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ecological
rice
fish
ditch
terrace
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黄璜
张印
王忍
龚向胜
傅志强
陈灿
余政军
梁玉刚
李静怡
丁姣龙
孟祥杰
吴丹
黄尧
廖晓兰
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Hunan Agricultural University
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Hunan Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological terrace and a rice and fishing co-operation method, wherein the ecological terrace comprises communicated multi-stage terraces, and ridges and communication channels are arranged between every two adjacent stages of terraces; each terrace is provided with a ring ditch and a waist ditch, and the waist ditch is parallel to the length direction of the ring ditch and is communicated with the width direction of the ring ditch; one-way valves are arranged in the annular groove and the waist groove; the said circular trench is equipped with at least one ecological keeper whose inlet and outlet are communicated with the circular trench; the check valve is a one-way channel for the passing of the culture, and comprises a reverse limiting door; the ecological keeper is provided with a fish collecting net in the fish harvesting season; the fish collecting net comprises traction ropes and square net pieces, and the traction ropes are fixed at four corners of the square net pieces; the ecological terrace rice and fish co-culture method solves the problem that aquatic products are produced in winter and spring, improves the space-time utilization rate of three-dimensional planting of the rice field, and solves the problem that the three-dimensional planting of the rice field is difficult to continue.

Description

Ecological terrace and rice and fish co-farming method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to an ecological terrace and rice and fish co-farming method.
Background
The three-dimensional comprehensive planting and breeding of the rice field not only produces grains, but also increases the income of rice farmers, achieves two purposes at one stroke, also provides economic guarantee for the sustainable production of the rice, and is a modern development of the classic agriculture of China. Particularly, in recent years, the comprehensive planting and breeding of rice fields are developed in a blowout mode, taking the rice field fish breeding as an example, the rice field fish breeding is developed for thousands of years as world agricultural cultural heritage, but some problems still exist in the current practical operation process, one of the problems is that the output time of aquatic products is concentrated, no commodity is sold in the market mainly in summer and autumn and in winter and spring, and the reason is that the rice fields have great resistance even though the three-dimensional planting and breeding of the rice fields are developed for many years. If the obstacle can be broken, the fish culture in the rice field is bound to come up with a new opportunity. If a permanent fish keeper is built at one corner of each hilly field, the problem of the moving space of the fishes in winter and spring can be solved, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of the supply of the fishes in the rice fields in winter and spring and promoting the sustainable development of the three-dimensional planting and breeding of the rice fields.
Aiming at the problems of winter and spring production and marketing loss of fish culture in rice fields, two methods are mainly adopted in the current practical production. The first method comprises the following steps: the water layer is gradually deepened in the middle autumn, the water layer is kept in the whole winter, and the fish growing in the rice field in summer and autumn continuously grow, so that the production and supply in winter and spring are ensured, and the defects that a large water surface and a deep water surface are maintained, more water is needed, and certain requirements are met on irrigation conditions; meanwhile, crops can not be planted in winter and spring, and the crops can only be idle. The second method is to transfer the fish in the paddy field to a pond or process the fish into sour fish, so as to ensure the supply of winter and spring. The disadvantages that the labor and the time are consumed when the fish is transferred to the pond, and the grown fish is damaged when the fish is operated; the processing of the sour fish is to add salt into the sour fish after the fish is dissected and cleaned and store the sour fish in a jar, a processing link is required, and the market is not formed in first-line and second-line cities.
Disclosure of Invention
The step paddy field channel that exists to the flat board that present paddy field was synthesized and is planted, ridge ditch formula, a keeper mouth formula facility is not exerted, the water in the field is static not have a flow, the problem that the non-permanent leads to two-tenth year winter and spring even this year winter and spring all to be difficult to utilize is held a public place to water, adopts ecological terraced field to overcome, improves the three-dimensional space-time utilization rate of planting in paddy field, solves the three-dimensional problem that is difficult to last of planting in paddy field.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an ecological terrace comprises communicated multi-stage terraces, and ridges and communication channels are arranged between every two adjacent terraces; each terrace is provided with a ring ditch and a waist ditch, and the waist ditch is parallel to the length direction of the ring ditch and is communicated with the width direction of the ring ditch; one-way valves are arranged in the annular groove and the waist groove; the said circular trench is set with an ecological keeper whose inlet and outlet are connected with the circular trench; the check valve is a one-way channel.
The ecological pool is disinfected and fertilized before the harvest of rice, and after the harvest of rice in autumn, seedlings are bred in the ecological pool and the rice is planted next year. Because of the one-way valve, the cultivated plants can only swim in one direction in the waist ditch and the circular ditch and can not swim back. After the rice is sowed, the cultivated substance in the ecological pool is released to the ditch and the field when the rice grows to 15-25 cm. Before the rice is ripe, culture objects are concentrated to the ecological keeper for harvest in a shallow water retaining mode, and after the rice is ripe, the rice is harvested, so that the ecological planting and breeding in one round is finished, and the next ecological planting and breeding in the next round is started.
Preferably, the ecological terrace still including set up the emergent water course between the ecological pool, emergent water well sets up by the top terrace, set up emergent water course valve in the emergent water course.
The emergency water well is built beside the uppermost terraced field, and when drought occurs, the water well is pumped into the ecological water storage tank of the uppermost hilly field, and the emergency water channel valve is opened, so that the water well can be pumped into the ecological water storage tank of the next hilly field from the ecological water storage tank of the previous hilly field through the emergency water channel. The emergency water channel is a section of hidden pipe pre-buried between the ecological keeper and connects all the ecological keepers.
The emergency water channel, the emergency water well and the emergency water channel valve form an emergency system to deal with drought or other emergency situations.
Preferably, ecological terrace still includes accurate oxygenation water pipe, intercommunication passageway is connected to accurate oxygenation water pipe upper end, downwardly extending to the ecological water-retaining bottom of next dune and field.
The water pipe can transport the water to the bottom of the ecological pool and the oxygen escapes from the bottom of the pool.
Preferably, the culture is fish, crab, duck, shrimp, eel or loach.
Preferably, the farmed matter is fish.
Preferably, the check valve is a netbag-shaped passage for the cultured objects to pass through, and is provided with a reverse limiting door, so that the cultured objects can only swim in one direction and cannot swim back.
The check valve can guide and restrain the cultured objects to move in one direction to form circulation flow, so that the water quality is improved, and the quantity and the quality of the aquatic products in the rice field are improved while the water environment is improved.
Preferably, a fish ladder is arranged at the outlet side of the communication channel.
Preferably, the fish ladder is a ladder-shaped channel for fish to swim up or down a hill.
The fish ladder can realize smooth downstream and upstream of fishes in the upper and lower ladder fields, and overcomes the obstruction formed by the fall between the rice fields.
Preferably, a fence is arranged at the water outlet of the communication channel. Preferably, the outlet of the lowest terrace is also provided with a fence.
The terrace fence at the lowest stage is always in a closed state.
The fence at the water outlet of the communicating channel is in an open state in a normal state. But when an emergency occurs, the position of the fish in the terraced fields can be adjusted through the fence to deal with the crisis. For example, when drought occurs, water is always kept in the ditch of the lowest terrace, the fence is closed firstly, water in the emergency water well is pumped out, the ecological water-retaining pit of the first hilly field is filled, the emergency water channel valve is opened, the ecological water-retaining pit of the next hilly field is filled in through the emergency water channel, and the fish is driven to the ecological water-retaining pit of the lowest hilly field through the emergency water channel. When waterlogging occurs, all fences are closed to prevent fish from getting lost. When the fishes are collected, the fishes can be collected in the same terraced fields, the fence of the communication channel is closed, and then the fishes are collected in an ecological keeper, so that the fishes are convenient to collect.
Preferably, the ecological keeper is a square concrete-filled keeper with a side length of 1.8 m and a depth of 1.8 m.
According to policy regulations, the size of the defined trench-keeper must be within 10% of the paddy field area in order to balance the balance between rice and aquatic products.
The ecological keeper is permanent, avoiding the time and effort required to repeatedly construct an ecological keeper. Meanwhile, the problem of the activity space of the winter and spring fishes is solved, so that the problem of the fish supply in the winter and spring rice fields is fundamentally solved, and the sustainable development of the three-dimensional planting and breeding of the rice fields is promoted.
The ecological keeper can realize the production of fresh fish and harvest of adult fish in winter and spring on the premise of not influencing the production of rice, effectively solves the problems of yield loss and off-market in winter and spring, improves the annual economic benefit of rice field fish culture, and is favorable for the sustainable development of comprehensive rice fish culture.
Preferably, the ecological keeper is located at a corner of the terrace.
Preferably, the ecological keeper sets up the net of receiving fish in the fish harvest season.
The fish collecting net comprises pulling ropes and a square net piece, and the pulling ropes are fixed at four corners of the square net piece.
Before the rice is ripe, adopt the mode of shallow water-retaining, will distribute the overwhelming majority fish in the field and concentrate to the ecological pool, close the import and the export of ecological pool and ring ditch intercommunication, recycle and divide the receipts fish net that the cubic was placed, form flexible string bag, the fresh fish in the ecological pool is catched to swift, harmless, the problem that has the fish to catch not.
The ecological keeper is a temporary culture pond, a fish placing pond, a fish collecting pond and a fish collecting pond for comprehensive rice and fish culture. The high-standard rice field construction implemented at present has no design of an ecological keeper, is not beneficial to rice and fish symbiosis, limits the potential of rice field production and blocks a new way for increasing rice farmers and rice harvests.
The ecological keeper can also be a pool for fixing nitrogen plants. The duckweed widely distributed in rice fields in China has the nitrogen fixing function. The duckweed population is seriously reduced or even killed in high-temperature seasons, alternate seasons of paddy and upland fields and season of collecting and robbing seeds due to lack of avoidance and protection of the ecological keeper.
The ecological keeper can also be used as a cooling pool, a bathing pool and a collecting pool for the comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and ducks. The duck breeding in rice field is an important method for weight reduction and pesticide reduction in rice production, if an ecological keeper is lacked, the duck activity is limited, the weeding and pest killing efficiency is reduced, and the duck breeding in rice field is difficult to develop continuously.
The ecological keeper is also a hinge for water drainage and irrigation. The production process of rice requires smooth irrigation and drainage, but the flat-plate rice field has no pivot in the field, so that the drainage and irrigation efficiency is reduced, and the method is not favorable for high yield of rice, mechanized operation of rice and paddy-upland rotation.
An ecological keeper is also a platform for biodiversity. Many organisms in rice fields, such as snails, turtles and anaerobic bacteria, need to have a 'pit', or sink to the bottom, or climb on the pit wall, and the pit becomes an organism habitat, and a plurality of organisms share the same place to facilitate system stability.
The ecological keeper is also an interface for the rotation of the paddy field and the dry land. The paddy field and dry land rotation is necessary for the sustainable utilization of the paddy field. When planting dry crops, the water needs to be drained timely and efficiently, and the ecological keeper is the best interface; the same requirements are also placed on the procedures of drying and harvesting rice, and an ecological keeper is not opened.
Preferably, the number of the waist furrows is 1-10.
Preferably, the width of the annular groove is 40-45cm, and the depth is 40-45 cm; the width of the waist groove is 30-35cm, and the depth is 35-40 cm.
According to policy regulations, in order to balance the balance between rice and aquatic products, the trenching area is controlled to be within 10% of the total area of the rice field.
The invention also provides a rice and fish co-culture method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: rice field selection and transformation: selecting a terrace, and excavating a waist ditch and a ring ditch which are connected in the terrace; one-way valves are arranged in the waist ditch and the circular ditch, an ecological pool is arranged in the circular ditch, and an ecological pool inlet and an ecological pool outlet are both communicated with the circular ditch;
s2: fry rearing: the ecological pool is disinfected in 8 months, farmyard manure is put in the ecological pool in 9 months, rice is harvested from the first 10 months to the first 11 months, grass carp winter carp fingerlings are put in the ecological pool in 10 months at 50 tails/terraced fields per mu, or 6-10cm crucian winter carp fingerlings are put in 100 tails/terraced fields per mu, and 50-75g of bait is put in the ecological pool in sunny days;
s3: planting rice: planting rice 6 months next, and releasing the fish from the ecological pool after the rice grows to 15-25 cm;
s4: and (5) breeding management.
Preferably, in step S2, the sterilization treatment is performed by sprinkling with a bleaching powder or quicklime water solution.
Preferably, in step S2, 20-100 carps with a length of 8-12cm per mu of paddy field can be added, and 30-65 silver carps with a length of 0.2-0.3kg per mu can be added.
Different ecological niches of different fishes are different, and carps and silver carps are added, so that a better ecological system is formed, and the growth of other fishes and rice is promoted.
Preferably, the method also comprises the steps of field drying and sterilizing and fertilizing of the field surface before the step S3, during sterilizing and fertilizing, quicklime is scattered on the field according to the amount of 30-50 kg/mu, the field is kept dry for 1.5-3 days, then water is poured, the water depth is kept at 3-5cm, and farmyard manure 200-500 kg/mu is applied after the field is soaked for 5-7 days; shallow rotation is carried out to fully mix the surface field mud, the lime and the farmyard manure; when the field is sunned, only the ditch is kept with water, and the compartment surface is free of water.
The land sunning and the disinfection can kill the pathogens of the rice field and reduce the incidence of diseases of crops and animals. The fertilizer application is beneficial to fertilizing the water body and soil of the rice field and promoting the growth and development of crops and animals.
Preferably, in step S4, the specific method for cultivation management comprises the step of returning rice seedlings to green, wherein the rice seedlings are cultivated at intervals of 666m25kg of urea was administered, 1.5kg for the first, 1.5kg for the second after 2 days and 2kg for the third after 2 days.
A small amount of fertilizers are applied for multiple times, so that on one hand, crops can better absorb the fertilizer, the yield is improved, on the other hand, the harm of the fertilizer to fishes is reduced, and the harvest of the fishes is improved.
Preferably, in the step S4, the specific method for breeding management further comprises feeding 1-2 times of feed per day, wherein the feeding mass is 3% -5% of the total weight of the fish body.
Preferably, the feed is prepared by mixing 50-70 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of bran, 15-20 parts of bean dregs, 5-8 parts of fish meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran and 0.5-1 part of trace elements in parts by weight; the trace elements comprise copper, zinc, iron and magnesium, and the mass ratio of the copper to the zinc to the iron to the magnesium is 1:2:5: 2.
The comprehensive feed with the added nutrients is selected to improve the yield of the fish.
The invention is further explained by taking the comprehensive planting and breeding of the rice and the fish as an example:
the ecological pool is disinfected and fertilized before the rice is harvested, and after the rice is harvested in autumn, the fry is raised in the ecological pool and the rice is planted in the next year. Because of the one-way valve, the fish can only swim in one direction in the waist ditch and the annular ditch and can not swim back. The fish ladder is arranged in the communicating channel, so that smooth downstream and upstream of the fishes in the field ascending and descending are realized, and the obstruction caused by the fall between the rice fields is overcome. The fence is arranged at the water outlet of the communicating channel, is opened most of the time to allow fish to move freely, but can be closed when drought or waterlogging occurs or the fish needs to be collected, so that the disaster can be dealt with and the fish can be collected conveniently. After the rice is sown, the fish in the ecological pool is released to the ditch and the field when the rice grows to 15-25 cm. Before the rice is ripe, adopt the mode of shallow water-retaining, will distribute the overwhelming majority fish in the field and concentrate to the ecological water-keeping pot, close the import and the export of ecological water-keeping pot and ring ditch intercommunication, recycle and divide the receipts fish net that the cubic was placed, form flexible string bag, swift, harmless fresh fish catching in the ecological water-keeping pot. Harvesting the rice after the rice is mature, and starting the next round of ecological planting and breeding after the one round of ecological planting and breeding is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
under the condition of not changing the basic shape of the rice field, by arranging a ditch and a permanent ecological keeper, the output of aquatic products in winter and spring is solved by the cascade rice field channel communication and the water flow in the rice field, the space-time utilization rate of the three-dimensional planting of the rice field is improved, and the problem that the three-dimensional planting of the rice field is difficult to continue is solved. And the height difference of the terrace is utilized, the effective operation of the permanent ecological keeper is adopted, the investment and maintenance of manpower can be further reduced, the smoothness of irrigation and drainage can be solved, and the quality of the rice is improved, so that the comprehensive benefit is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the layout of the paddy field facilities of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detail view of the communication channel;
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the fishing net;
the water flow direction of the water flow from the top terrace to the bottom terrace is shown by arrows 1, ridges 2, circular ditches 3, waist ditches 4, the water flow direction from the top terrace to the bottom terrace is shown by arrows 5, a one-way valve 6, an ecological water keeper 6, a fish ladder 7, a fence 8, a channel water inlet 9, a channel water outlet 10, a channel water outlet 11, a fish collecting net 11, a channel 12, a net sheet 13, a net sheet 14, a hauling rope 15, an ecological water keeper inlet 16, an ecological water keeper outlet 17, an emergency water channel 18, an emergency water channel valve 19, an emergency water well 20 and an accurate oxygen increasing water pipe.
Detailed Description
The following description describes alternative embodiments of the invention to teach one of ordinary skill in the art how to make and use the invention.
Example 1
An ecological terrace comprises communicated multi-stage terraces, and ridges 1 and communication channels 12 are arranged between every two adjacent stages of terraces; each stage of terrace is provided with a ring ditch 2 and a waist ditch 3, and the waist ditch 3 is parallel to the length direction of the ring ditch 2 and is communicated with the width direction of the ring ditch 2; the annular ditch 2 and the waist ditch 3 are both provided with one-way valves 5; the corner position of the circular trench 2 is provided with an ecological keeper 6, the ecological keeper inlet 15 is communicated with the width direction of the circular trench 2, and the ecological keeper outlet 16 is communicated with the length direction of the circular trench 2; the check valve 5 is a one-way passage. The water outlet 10 of the communicating channel is provided with a fish ladder 7. A fence 8 is arranged in the communication channel. The ecological keeper 6 is provided with a fish collecting net 11 in the fish harvesting season. The fish collecting net 11 comprises a pulling rope 14 and a net piece 13, and the pulling rope 14 is fixed at four corners of the net piece 13. The emergency water channel 17 is arranged between the ecological water keeper of the uppermost terrace and the ecological water keeper of the lowermost terrace, the emergency water well is arranged beside the uppermost terrace, and the emergency water channel is internally provided with an emergency water channel valve 18. The upper end of the accurate oxygenation water pipe 20 is connected with the communicating channel 12 and extends downwards to the bottom of the ecological keeper 6 of the next hilly field. The one-way valve 5 may be a commercially available or self-made simple device. A large-import river blocking net purchased in Tan warships, such as Tan Bao you Jie Rui, can also play a role in unidirectionally limiting the water flow direction.
The ecological pool 6 is disinfected and fertilized before the harvest of rice, and after the harvest of rice in autumn, the ecological pool 6 is used to culture fish fry and the next year is used to plant rice. Due to the one-way valve 5, the fish can only swim in one direction in the waist ditch 3 and the circular ditch 2 and can not swim back. The fish ladder 7 is arranged in the communicating channel 12, so that smooth downstream and upstream of the fishes in the upper and lower terraced fields are realized, and the obstruction formed by the fall between the rice fields is overcome. And a fence is arranged in the communicating channel to control the fish to turn into the field or not. Most of the time, the fence is opened for fish to move freely, but when drought or waterlogging occurs or fish needs to be collected, the fence can be closed, so that the situation of the disaster can be dealt with and the fish can be collected conveniently and intensively. The fish and the water move between different terraces through the water inlet 9 and the water outlet 10 of the communication channel. After the rice is sown, the fish in the ecological pool 6 is released to the ditch and the field when the rice grows to 15-25 cm. Before the rice is ripe, adopt the mode of shallow water-retaining, will distribute the overwhelming majority fish in the field and concentrate to the ecological fixed time 6, close the ecological fixed time import 15 and the ecological fixed time export 16 that the ecological fixed time and the circular trench communicate, recycle and divide the receipts fish net 11 that the cubic was placed, form flexible string bag, swiftly, can't harm the fresh fish of catching in the ecological fixed time. Harvesting the rice after the rice is mature, and starting the next round of ecological planting and breeding after the one round of ecological planting and breeding is finished.
The rice and fish co-culture method comprises the following steps:
s1: rice field selection and transformation: selecting a terrace, and excavating a waist ditch and a ring ditch which are connected in the terrace; one-way valves are arranged in the waist ditch and the circular ditch, an ecological pool is arranged in the circular ditch, and an ecological pool inlet and an ecological pool outlet are both communicated with the circular ditch;
s2: fry rearing: the ecological pool is disinfected in 8 months, farmyard manure is put in the ecological pool in 9 months, rice is harvested from the first 10 months to the first 11 months, grass carp winter carp fingerlings are put in the ecological pool in 10 months at 50 tails/terraced fields per mu, or 6-10cm crucian winter carp fingerlings are put in 100 tails/terraced fields per mu, and 50-75g of bait is put in the ecological pool in sunny days;
s3: planting rice: planting rice 6 months next, and releasing the fish from the ecological pool after the rice grows to 15-25 cm;
s4: and (5) breeding management.
In step S2, the sterilization treatment is carried out by sprinkling 0.3kg of an aqueous solution of quicklime.
In step S2, 20-100 carps with a length of 8-12cm are added per mu of paddy field, and 30-65 silver carps with a length of 0.2-0.3 kg/tail are added.
Step S3 is preceded by steps of field drying and disinfection fertilization, during disinfection fertilization, quicklime is scattered on a field according to the amount of 30-50 kg/mu, the field is kept dry for 1.5-3 days, then water is poured, the water depth is kept at 3-5cm, and after the field is soaked for 5-7 days, farmyard manure is applied at 200-500 kg/mu; shallow rotation is carried out to fully mix the surface field mud, the lime and the farmyard manure; when the field is sunned, only the ditch is kept with water, and the compartment surface is free of water.
In step S4, the specific method for cultivation management comprises that after the rice seedling turns green, every 666m25kg of urea was administered, 1.5kg for the first time, 1.5kg for the second time after 2 days, and 2kg for the third time after 2 days; feeding 1-2 times a day, wherein the feeding mass is 3-5% of the total weight of the fish body. The feed is prepared by mixing 50-70 parts of corn flour, 15-20 parts of bran, 15-20 parts of bean dregs, 5-8 parts of fish meal, 15-20 parts of rice bran and 0.5-1 part of trace elements; the trace elements comprise copper, zinc, iron and magnesium, and the mass ratio of the copper to the zinc to the iron to the magnesium is 1:2:5: 2.
According to the method, the applicant test rice fields No. 1 to No. 9 in the test rice fields No. 1 of the spring pond group of Mingmuicun at the intersection of Changsha county in Hunan province in 2018 to 2020 share 9 dunes, and the area of each dune field is basically equal and is between 0.13 and 1.4hm 2. An ecological water-keeping pit is dug at one corner of each dune rice field, a permanent cube water-keeping pit with side length of 1.8 m and depth of 1.8 m, and an ecological water-keeping pit with 9 dunes is arranged on one line. Each cropland is provided with 6 waist ditches, which are parallel to the two longer ditches and connected with the two shorter ditches. The width of the surrounding ditch is 45cm, and the depth of the surrounding ditch is 45 cm; the width of the waist groove is 35cm, and the depth is 35 cm.
In 8 months, 0.3kg lime is used for disinfection, in 9 months 40 kg farmyard manure is added for fertilizing, in 10 months from the beginning to the beginning of 11 months, rice is harvested, in 10 months, in the ecological pool 50 tails of grass carp winter fish species of 12cm, in 10 months 100 tails of crucian winter fish species of 10cm and in sunny days 50-75g of bait is properly added.
Planting rice in the next year. 6 months and 7 days, sowing rice on the field in a dry direct sowing modeAnd in 20 days after sowing, except for the water compartment surface on the day of direct sowing, water is kept in the waist groove at other times, and the compartment surface is free of water. After 20 days of direct sowing, the entrance and exit of the ecological keeper are opened, and the fishes move in the ecological keeper and ditch. 6 months and 22 days, 666m each25kg of urea was applied to the terrace, 1.5kg for the first application, 1.5kg for the second application after 2 days, and 2kg for the third application after 2 days. And (4) irrigating the paddy field with water to 8 cm in 6 months and 30 days, and enabling the fish to ascend from the waist ditch to the surface of the compartment. Beginning from 9 months 4 days, take the mode that the field was shallow to remain water continuously, will distribute the vast majority fish in the field and concentrate on the ecological pool 6 of the terraced fields of the subordinate many times, close the ecological pool import 15 and the ecological pool export 16 and the fence that the ecological pool and the circular trench communicate, recycle and divide the collection fish net 11 that the cubic level was placed, form flexible string bag, swift, the harmless grass carp and crucian of catching, have collected in 10 months 12 days basically. And (4) after 10 months and 16 days, the rice is ripe, and harvested, so that the next ecological planting is started after the completion of one ecological planting.
Because fish ladders are arranged between 9 hilly fields, fish freely move in the 9 hilly fields along with the change of seasons and baits in space and time, the number of the fish captured in each hilly field is a result of dynamic change, therefore, the total amount captured is taken as the harvest amount, and 2310.5kg of grass carp and 191.4kg of crucian are harvested together after the first round of ecological planting and breeding is finished by 10 months in 2019.
Example 2
In the terraced fields of the embodiment 1, the second round of ecological planting and breeding is carried out, the stubble arrangement and management technology is basically the same as that of the first round of ecological planting and breeding, but flood is encountered in the first half of the year and drought is encountered in the next half of the year, all fences of the paddy field are closed and the water outlet is dredged when flood disaster occurs, the water drainage of the bottommost hilly fields is particularly noticed, and most of fishes are concentrated in the ecological water keeper of the bottommost hilly fields even if the fishes escape. Often can only guarantee to have water in the ditch of subordinate terraced fields when taking place the drought, close the fence earlier, take out the water in the emergent water well, pour into the ecological water-retaining well in first hillock field, open the ecological water-retaining well that emergent water course valve got into next hillock field through emergent water course, catch up the fish through emergent water course to the ecological water-retaining well of lowest hillock field. The emergency water channel is a section of hidden pipe pre-buried between the ecological keeper and connects all the ecological keepers. The ecological terrace can cope with the adverse circumstances in time and basically keep the production stable. And when 10 months end in 2020, 2081.3kg of grass carp and 187.6kg of crucian carp are harvested together after the second round of ecological planting and breeding.
The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An ecological terrace is characterized by comprising communicated multi-stage terraces, and ridges and communication channels are arranged between every two adjacent stages of terraces; each terrace is provided with a ring ditch and a waist ditch, and the waist ditch is parallel to the length direction of the ring ditch and is communicated with the width direction of the ring ditch; one-way valves are arranged in the annular groove and the waist groove; the said circular trench is equipped with at least one ecological keeper whose inlet and outlet are communicated with the circular trench; the check valve is a one-way channel for the passing of the culture, and comprises a reverse limiting door; the ecological keeper is provided with a fish collecting net in the fish harvesting season; the fish collecting net comprises traction ropes and square net pieces, and the traction ropes are fixed at four corners of the square net pieces; ecological terraced fields still including setting up the emergent water course between the ecological cover, emergent water well sets up by the top terraced fields, set up emergent water course valve in the emergent water course.
2. The ecological terrace according to claim 1, further comprising a precise oxygen-increasing water pipe, wherein the upper end of the precise oxygen-increasing water pipe is connected with the communication channel and extends downwards to the bottom of the ecological retaining pit of the next terrace.
3. The ecological terrace according to claim 1, wherein the farmed material is fish, crab, duck, shrimp, eel or loach.
4. The ecological terrace according to claim 1, wherein a fish ladder is provided at an outlet side of the communication passage.
5. The ecological terrace according to claim 1, wherein a fence is provided at a water outlet of the communication passage; preferably, the outlet of the lowest terrace is also provided with a fence.
6. The ecological terrace according to claim 1, wherein the ecological keeper is a square concrete-laid keeper with 1.8 m sides and 1.8 m depth.
7. The ecological terrace according to claim 1, wherein the number of the waist furrows is 1 to 10; preferably, the width of the annular groove is 40-45cm, and the depth is 40-45 cm; the width of the waist groove is 30-35cm, and the depth is 35-40 cm.
8. A rice and fish co-working method, characterized in that the rice and fish co-working method adopts the ecological terrace of any one of claims 1 to 7, and comprises the following steps:
s1: rice field selection and transformation: selecting a terrace, and excavating a waist ditch and a ring ditch which are connected in the terrace; one-way valves are arranged in the waist ditch and the circular ditch, an ecological pool is arranged in the circular ditch, and an ecological pool inlet and an ecological pool outlet are both communicated with the circular ditch;
s2: fry rearing: the ecological pool is disinfected in 8 months, farmyard manure is put in the ecological pool in 9 months, rice is harvested from the first 10 months to the first 11 months, grass carp winter carp fingerlings are put in the ecological pool in 10 months at 50 tails/terraced fields per mu, or 6-10cm crucian winter carp fingerlings are put in 100 tails/terraced fields per mu, and 50-75g of bait is put in sunny days;
s3: planting rice: planting rice 6 months next, and releasing the fish from the ecological pool after the rice grows to 15-25 cm;
s4: and (5) breeding management.
9. The method of operating fishery according to claim 8, wherein the sterilizing treatment in step S2 is performed by sprinkling with a bleaching powder or quicklime water solution; preferably, in step S2, 20-100 carps with a length of 8-12cm per mu of terraced fields can be added, and 30-65 silver carps with a length of 0.2-0.3 kg/tail can be added.
10. The working method of rice and fish as claimed in claim 8, further comprising the steps of drying the field and sterilizing and fertilizing before step S3, wherein during sterilizing and fertilizing, quicklime is spread on the field according to the amount of 30-50 kg/mu, the field is kept dry for 1.5-3 days, then water is poured, the water depth is kept at 3-5cm, and after soaking for 5-7 days, farmyard manure is applied at 200-500 kg/mu; shallow rotation is carried out to fully mix the surface field mud, the lime and the farmyard manure; only water is kept in the ditch and the compartment surface is free of water during the sunning of the field; preferably, in step S4, the specific method for cultivation management comprises the step of returning rice seedlings to green, wherein the rice seedlings are cultivated at intervals of 666m25kg of urea was administered, 1.5kg for the first, 1.5kg for the second after 2 days and 2kg for the third after 2 days.
CN202110167660.9A 2021-02-07 2021-02-07 Ecological terrace and rice and fish co-farming method Pending CN113016527A (en)

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