CN110583537A - Terrace structure for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice, fish and vegetables and planting and breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a terrace structure for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice, fish and vegetables and a planting and breeding method. The invention solves the problems of low utilization rate, low yield value, single planting variety, aging variety, poor success rate of stocking fish fry, poor drought resistance, serious water and soil loss, weak acidity of water body, wrong market positioning and the like of Yunnan terraced fields through comprehensive planting and breeding of rice, fish and vegetables. The specific method comprises the following steps: transforming terraced fields; selecting high-quality vegetables, introducing a high-quality new variety of carps, establishing a fish-vegetable co-culture pond, and producing out-of-season organic vegetables and large-size fingerlings; selecting high-quality rice, putting large-size seedlings, establishing a rice and fish co-culture pond, and producing organic rice and high-quality terrace fish; reasonably matching rice and vegetables, establishing a rice and vegetable co-culture purification pool, communicating a fish and vegetable co-culture pool and a rice and fish co-culture pool with the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pool through pipelines respectively, introducing culture tail water into the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pool, and culturing organic rice and vegetables by purifying the tail water.

Description

Terrace structure for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice, fish and vegetables and planting and breeding method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a terrace structure for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice, fish and vegetables and a planting and breeding method.

Background

Furui carp No. 2 is a new carp variety obtained by hybridizing Jian carp and wild yellow river carp serving as original parents through 1-generation population breeding and continuous 4-generation family breeding by a freshwater fishery research center of China aquatic science research institute, and a new variety certificate of a new aquatic product of the department of national agriculture is obtained in 2011 and 2017, the registration number of the Furui carp No. 1 variety is GS-01-003-. The Furui carp No. 2 is suitable for being eaten at the temperature of 15-30 ℃, has miscellaneous food, cold resistance, alkali resistance, low oxygen resistance and low requirements on water bodies, and can survive in various water bodies; the fertility is strong, two winter carps begin to lay eggs, and the number of the eggs laid is large.

The water and soil environment in the Yunnan Hani terrace area is fragile, the water and soil fertility is deficient, and only one-season rice can be planted in one year, so that a large amount of idle terraces can be generated in winter. The idle terrace causes the effective utilization rate of resources to be extremely low, a few rice fields can put in a small amount of carp fries, but the carp fries are not fed at all, and the method belongs to 'people put in the sky to breed' without technical content, so that the yield is extremely low. In conclusion, the land has poor fertility, less yield and poor benefit, the labor force flows out, the terrace is wasted or the land is converted into other purposes, and the land is also the initial purpose of being used as a pain point of one of world heritages and local poverty alleviation work.

In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:

the planting mode is single, the yield is low, the Harni terraces from the altitude of 600 meters to the altitude of 1800 meters are distributed, the varieties of various rice in one season of a year are degraded, the rest time is wasted, the land is relatively barren, the produced grains are only used for one family of grains, and no extra income is generated;

secondly, the coordination of rainy seasons in dry seasons is deficient, and excessive water is stored in rainy seasons, so that landslides are easy to occur; in dry seasons, water is difficult to use; therefore, a good mode needs to be found to neutralize the two for regulation and control;

and thirdly, the climate advantages in autumn and winter cannot be fully utilized to bring benefits, in subtropical regions in the red river region, the illumination time is long, the temperature in winter is relatively high, and in most terraces, the idle terraces and the proper climate can be utilized to cultivate and produce out-of-season organic vegetables and fruits, so that the gap of out-of-season organic vegetables in the domestic winter market can be provided, and high benefits can be obtained.

And fourthly, innovation cannot be developed in ancient inheritance, fish culture in the rice field is available in the ancient way, the idle period of the terrace in winter and spring is not as good as that of aquatic vegetables and carp stocking, the vegetable, rice and fish culture can be carried out only, and the income is low. How to combine the three varieties and form coherent planting is a new key for opening agriculture and fishery combined exploitation income, and the real fact is that the early cultivation and the early growth of early selling money are realized by utilizing natural conditions.

And fifthly, market positioning cannot be well carried out, the general culture of villagers is low in mountains in the red river region, and information is blocked. The cultivation is mainly carried out by fermenting organic fertilizers, industrial products such as chemical fertilizers and the like are not used, the original state of food materials is preserved to the maximum extent, and the market with sharply increased demand and higher income for domestic green foods cannot be effectively met.

The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows:

firstly, the Hani family belongs to a few families, the general culture degree is low, the traffic is relatively blocked, and the receptivity of new knowledge, new technology and new concept aspects is difficult; it is not always the case that changes are desired for the culture of farming and for the pattern of planting and fallow of fixed land for a long time; the cultivation of agricultural products in the red river needs to be guided and demonstrated by people, and is lack of technology and fund locally, so that technical support and exploration of scientific research institutes are urgently needed, agricultural enterprises in a real place need to be involved, local agricultural resources are integrated, the current situation is changed through government coordination and assistance, a single planting mode is changed, vegetables and carps are added, the variety is increased, high-quality varieties are introduced, different co-operation or rotation modes are formed, the market of domestic organic products is developed, the space and natural conditions of a terrace are fully utilized, the yield is improved, benefits are obtained, stable and harmonious operation of an industrial chain is continuously kept, the cultivation can be finished all the time, and long-term planning and a series of attempts are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a terrace structure for comprehensively planting rice, fish and vegetables and a planting and breeding method.

The invention is realized in this way, a terrace structure for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice, fish and vegetables, which comprises a fish and vegetable co-culture pond, a rice and fish co-culture pond and a rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond; wherein the fish and vegetable co-culture pond, the rice and fish co-culture pond and the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond are respectively provided with a pipeline for mountain spring water to circulate; the fish and vegetable co-culture pond and the rice and fish co-culture pond are respectively provided with a pipeline communicated with the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond.

In the first year, carp fries are cultured at a proper temperature in local autumn and winter, so that large-size fries are cultured in the next year; the method has the advantages that the method utilizes the terraces idle in the local autumn and winter to carry out fish and vegetable co-cultivation, and reasonably and densely plants vegetables on ponds, ridges and vegetable racks, so that the land utilization rate is fully improved, more land output is obtained, and the economic benefit is improved. In the second year, rice and fish co-cropping and rice and vegetable co-cropping are introduced on the basis of only one-season rice in the past, rice planting, vegetable planting and carp breeding are organically combined, and the existing space and resources are fully utilized on the basis of protecting terraced fields to improve productivity and output.

Further, the fish and vegetable co-culture pond is 60 meters long, 4.5 meters wide and 0.5 meter deep, the ridge is widened to be 0.4 meter, and a vegetable rack is built at the top of the fish and vegetable co-culture pond; and two ends of the ridge are respectively provided with a drainage escape-proof net.

Further, the length of the rice and fish combined culture pond is 60 meters, the width of the pond is 4.5 meters, the depth of the pond is 0.5 meter, the width of the ridge is 0.4 meter, and two ends of the ridge are respectively provided with a drainage escape-proof net.

Further, the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pool is 60 meters long, 4.5 meters wide and 0.5 meter deep, ridges of the field are widened to 0.4 meter, and a vegetable rack is built at the top of the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pool.

Furthermore, the vegetable varieties mainly planted in the fish and vegetable co-culture pond comprise aquatic vegetables such as water bamboo, cress, lotus roots and water chestnuts, floating vegetables such as water chestnuts and gorgon fruits, terrestrial vegetables such as corns, hot peppers, herba houttuyniae roots, water spinach, corns, soybeans, broad beans, water spinach and the like, and vine vegetables such as loofah, cucumbers, bottle gourd seeds and the like, and the vegetables have good economic value and can purify water and shade sun and increase harvest.

A method for comprehensively planting and breeding rice, fish and vegetables by the terrace structure for comprehensively planting and breeding rice, fish and vegetables comprises the following steps:

s1: transforming terraced fields;

s2: selecting high-quality vegetables, introducing a high-quality new variety of carps, establishing a fish-vegetable co-culture pond, and producing out-of-season organic vegetables and large-specification fish seeds;

s3: selecting high-quality rice, putting large-size seedlings, establishing a rice and fish co-culture pond, and producing organic rice and high-quality terrace fish;

s4: reasonably matching rice and vegetables, establishing a rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond, introducing tail water generated by culture in the fish and vegetable co-culture pond and the rice and fish co-culture pond, and purifying the tail water to culture the organic rice and vegetable.

Further, the new variety of carp in step S2 is a frier carp No. 2 fish species.

Further, the high-quality rice in step S3 includes any one or more of red-yang No. 2, red-yang No. 3 and red-rice No. 8 red-rice varieties.

Further, the steps S2 and S3 include a cultivation management step, which includes periodically disinfecting the water with lime and neutralizing weak acid in the mountain spring water during cultivation to prevent fish diseases and parasites in time.

Further, steps S2 and S4 include performing insect control, dressing and fertilizing operations on the rice and vegetables.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:

on the premise of not changing the original landscape of the Hani terrace, the space of the pond is fully utilized, the terrace is mostly in a high mountain area, the terrain is complex, the land and the soil cultivation are combined continuously according to local conditions, and the yield increasing potential of the land, the space, the water and the water surface is fully excavated. Secondly, the advantages of regional climate are exerted, the illumination time is long, the temperature is high, the maturation period is short, the investment is small, a greenhouse is built without large capital investment, water can be continuously supplied to mountain springs throughout the year, wild rice shoots, cress and the like are planted in the field, anti-season vegetables such as herba houttuyniae, water spinach, corns, soybeans, broad beans and the like are planted in the field and sold to the outside, and higher benefit is obtained by raising market price; meanwhile, the large-size carp fingerlings are cultivated, the cultivation specification and the survival rate are improved, a part of income can be created, high-quality large-size fingerlings can be provided for the next year of rice and fish co-operation, and the early-selling and high-price selling of the fishes are achieved. And thirdly, the water storage is water-saving and drought-resistant, the drought is frequent in winter and spring of 12-3 months in Yunnan, the fish and vegetable co-culture pond is like a water storage pond which blooms all the time, rainwater is accumulated in rainy days, and the water cannot be dried basically all the year round. And fourthly, water and soil are kept to reduce natural disasters, the organic combination of the terrace and the rice and fish in spring and autumn of the next year is fully utilized for the fish and vegetable co-culture in autumn and winter, idle weathering and water and soil loss of the terrace in spring and spring in the past are avoided, the risk of landslide and debris flow is reduced when the next year of long rain is dealt with, and the property and life safety of people are protected. Fifthly, the physicochemical property of the water body is improved, the spring water in Yunnan is weakly acidic, quicklime is used for pond cleaning and disinfection during fish culture, the acidity of the water body can be neutralized, the resistance of carps and citizens is improved, the immunity to diseases is improved, and the risks of various diseases such as metabolic disturbance, endocrine dyscrasia and the like are reduced. And sixthly, the environment is protected, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, vegetables are cultivated, the roots, the stems and the leaves of the vegetables can be used for feeding poultry, and after manure of the poultry is naturally decomposed, the poultry can participate in terrace fertilizing water to form a virtuous cycle, so that the thousand-year Hani terrace can develop new activity.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the terrace structure provided by the present invention.

In the figure, 1, fish and vegetable are used together as a pool; 2. a rice and fish co-culture pond; 3. a rice and vegetable co-culture purification pool; 4. a valve; 5. carp; 6. aquatic vegetables; 7. a dish rack; 8. vine vegetables; 9. a terrestrial vegetable; 10. a floating type vegetable; 11. rice; 12. and (4) draining escape-proof nets.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.

The Yunnan red river belongs to the stage of hardness attacking and poverty alleviating, local economic sources are mainly obtained by means of terrace cultivation through investigation, and terrace cultivation has the problems of low utilization rate, low yield value, single cultivated variety, aging variety, poor effect of stocking fish seedlings, poor drought resistance, serious water and soil loss, weak acidity of water body, market positioning error and the like of Yunnan terrace.

Example 1

The invention firstly discloses a terrace structure, and as shown in figure 1, mountain spring water respectively enters a fish and vegetable co-culture pond 1, a rice and fish co-culture pond 2 and a rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond 3 along pipelines. The method comprises the steps of planting aquatic vegetables 6, floating vegetables 10, terrestrial vegetables 9 and vine vegetables 8 supported on a vegetable frame 7 in a fish and vegetable co-culture pond 1 in sequence, then stocking small-specification seed carps 5, harvesting large-specification carps 5 in the next year or continuously placing the large-specification carps 5 into a rice and fish co-culture pond 2 for culture, wherein the rice and fish co-culture pond mainly comprises rice 11, and the outflow culture tail water enters a rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond 3 for fertilizing and purifying water. The pipes used in this embodiment are all provided with valves 4.

Pool for fish and vegetable co-culture 1: the length is 60 meters, the width is 4.5 meters, the depth is 0.5 meter, and the ridge is widened to be 0.4 meter; after adding spring water, planting selected vegetable varieties in fields, ridges and vegetable racks, then putting Cyprinus carpio No. 2 fish seeds, and producing out-of-season vegetables and large-size fish seeds by using the idle period in autumn and winter.

And (3) a rice and fish co-culture pond 2: the length is 60 meters, the width is 4.5 meters, the depth is 0.5 meter, and the ridge is widened to be 0.4 meter; after adding the spring water, planting the selected rice variety in the field, disinfecting and deepening the water level, then putting the large-specification Furui carp No. 2 fish spawn cultured in the fish and vegetable co-culture pond in autumn and winter, producing rice and carps in spring and summer, and realizing the purpose of getting money on sale in advance and continuously.

A rice and vegetable co-culture purification pool: the length is 60 meters, the width is 4.5 meters, the depth is 0.5 meter, and the ridge is widened to be 0.4 meter; after introducing the fish and vegetable co-culture pond and the rice and fish co-culture pond, the selected high-quality rice and vegetable varieties are planted in a matched manner, and substances such as nutritive salts in the culture tail water are adsorbed, so that the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and the growth of the rice and vegetables is promoted.

Example 2

The comprehensive planting and breeding method of the rice, the fish and the vegetables comprises the following steps:

s1: and (5) transforming terraced fields.

Firstly, selecting a terrace with sufficient water source, convenient water injection and drainage, no pollution to water quality, strong soil water-retaining capacity and no threat of drought and flood, and meeting the requirement of the environment of a pollution-free aquatic product producing area, wherein the area of a single-port rice field is more than 0.5 mu. After harvesting the rice in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, heightening and reinforcing ridges of the existing terrace by using blocky semi-wet hard mud, wherein the ridges are deepened to 0.5 m and widened to 0.4 m, anti-escape water outlets with the depths of 0.4 m and the widths of 0.5 m are dug at the two ends close to the terrace, and plastic meshes or bamboo chips are placed to form a drainage anti-escape mesh 12. Secondly, limited by mountainous area traffic and terraced fields distribution geographical positions, ploughing and loosening soil by using a farm cattle, mixing residual paddy roots and weeds into soil, gradually rotting to form rich humus base fertilizer, and increasing accumulated temperature. And finally, raising the water level of the terrace to 0.1 meter for field soaking, and throwing quicklime (30-50 kg/mu) for pond cleaning and disinfection to prepare for further planting the aquatic vegetables and ecological baits for breeding fish seeds.

S2: selecting high-quality vegetables, introducing a high-quality new variety of carps, establishing a common pool of fish and vegetables, and producing out-of-season organic vegetables and large-size fingerlings.

Firstly, selecting high-quality vegetables, planting out-of-season vegetables which are only available in spring and summer according to the positioning of autumn and winter market, selecting high-quality good-variety vegetables produced by high-quality good-variety enterprises, and dividing into vine vegetables 8 such as loofah, cucumber, bottle gourd seeds and the like according to the conditions required by the growth of the good-quality good-variety vegetables; aquatic vegetables 6, such as water bamboo, water dropwort, lotus root, water chestnut, etc.; floating vegetables 10, such as water caltrops, gorgon euryales; terrestrial vegetables 9 such as corn, capsicum, herba Houttuyniae, water spinach, corn, soybean, broad bean, water spinach, etc.; and centralized seedling raising and transplanting are carried out according to the self-planting experience, and partial close planting and planting technology can refer to vegetable cultivation published by Chinese agricultural science and technology publishers and compiled by Guangdong Ministry of construction.

Secondly, a new variety of carp is introduced, according to a cooperative channel with Yunnan Zhonghai fishery science and technology Limited, Furui carp No. 2 which is independently bred by a fresh water fishery research center of a research institute of Aquaponics is introduced into a Hani terrace, and the Furui carp No. 2 is a large new variety of freshwater aquaculture fish which is mainly pushed by rural areas of China's communist and nationality and has wide temperature resistance, food impurity, soil loosening, low oxygen resistance, fast growth and strong disease resistance. In the practical implementation case of the invention, 2 thousands of fries of Furui carp No. 2 are introduced from the Yixing bare hill pavilion breed conservation base of the research center of freshwater fishery of the Chinese aquatic science institute.

Then, a fish and vegetable co-culture pond 1 is established to produce out-of-season organic vegetables and large-size fish seeds. In the beginning of 11 months, a vegetable frame 7 required by the growth of vine vegetables 8 is built according to the principle that the water surface of the terrace with the area exceeding one fifth is not shielded, and then base fertilizers are applied to the pond and the ridge of the fish and vegetable co-culture pond 1: applying 500-750 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu. Adding water to 0.2 m in field, and transplanting to cultivate four types of vegetable seedlings and seeds. In the morning or evening of a sunny day 12 weeks later, 5 carp seeds which are strong in physique, strong in activity, disease-free, injury-free and regular in specification are soaked in 3% -5% saline solution for 5-10 minutes, then the carp seeds are slowly put into a fish-vegetable co-culture pond 1, and about 4.5 kilograms of small-specification (average body length is 6.75cm, average body weight is 15.1 g/tail) carp seeds of Frey carp No. 2 are put into each mu, and about 300 fish seeds are put into each mu. And then, using the fertilizer water every two weeks, sprinkling 70 kg/mu of the organic fertilizer into the whole pond every time according to the water depth of 1 m for safe, continuous and efficient fry cultivation, feeding biological baits according to the growth vigor of the fries in the later period, capturing all the carps 5 by using a ground cage or a dry pond until 3 months of the next year after the vegetables are completely harvested, and applying for certification, processing and selling according to the corresponding standard of organic agricultural products.

S3: selecting high-quality rice 11, putting in large-size seedlings, establishing a rice and fish co-culture pond 2, and producing organic rice and high-quality terrace fish.

First, high-quality rice 11 is selected. Selecting high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant middle-early-maturing varieties, red Yang No. 2 and No. 3 red rice varieties and red rice No. 8 red rice varieties; secondly, applying base fertilizer: applying 1000-1500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per mu; then scientifically managing water, reasonably and densely planting, planting the seedlings at the row spacing of 6 multiplied by 4 inches, planting 2.5 ten thousand clusters of seedlings per mu.

Secondly, putting in large-size seedlings, and establishing a rice and fish co-culture pond 2. After rice is transplanted for one week in the middle ten days of 4 months, water is added to the rice until the water depth is 0.2 meter, after the beginning of 12 months, the morning or the evening of a sunny day is selected, 5 large-sized carp seeds which are strong in physique, strong in mobility, disease-free, injury-free and regular in specification are soaked in 3% -5% salt solution for 5-10 minutes, and then the carp seeds are slowly put into a fishdish co-culture pond 1 which is reserved in a water-reserved culture field for two weeks for stocking. In the middle ten days of 5 months, 5 carp fingerlings with strong physique, strong activity, no diseases or injuries and regular specification are selected in the morning or evening of a sunny day within 7-10 days after seedlings turn green, and the fingerlings are soaked in 3% -5% salt solution for 5-10 minutes to kill body surface germs and parasites. Then slowly putting the fingerlings into the rice field, and putting about 12.5 kilograms of large-size fingerlings of Furui carp No. 2 (average body length is 15.3 cm, average body weight is 50 g/tail) per mu and about 250 tails.

Furthermore, organic rice and high-quality terrace fish are produced. The prevention and control of rice diseases and insect pests are mainly carried out, the use of pesticide chemical fertilizer is strictly controlled, insect eggs are removed by fish culture, pests are trapped by lamplight and used as bait, and weeds are removed periodically. Secondly, fish diseases are prevented and treated, common fish diseases are mainly bacterial skin diseases, gill rot diseases, enteritis and the like, and besides disinfection before fish seeds are planted in the rice field, the rice field is disinfected by adding 2 kilograms of quicklime into water per mu at regular intervals. During the culture period, the fish enteritis is prevented and treated by a garlic method, and each 10 kg of fish is mixed with 0.1 kg of garlic into paste and fed. Thirdly, ecological bait is fed, 2-4% of the weight of the fish in spring and summer, and 5-8% of the weight of the coarse fodder is fed, and the fish is fed once in the morning and at night, and the fish is eaten within 1 hour. In high-temperature summer, there are standing grain, paddy and abundant insects and weeds for feeding, and the bait feeding amount can be reduced as appropriate. Regulating and controlling water quality, keeping the water quality to be 'fertile, alive, tender and cool' all the time, frequently observing the water color change, and frequently injecting new water or changing water according to the conditions of dissolved oxygen and water quality; in rainy season when rainwater is vigorous, attention is paid to patrol the water outlet in time so as to prevent blockage by sundries. Harvesting, threshing, drying (baking) and storing when the maturity of grains reaches over 90 percent, storing the harvested paddy again in the rice field, starting fish production in the middle and late 11 months, discharging a large amount of dry water for harvesting after sale, and applying for certification, processing and sale according to corresponding standards of organic agricultural products.

S4: reasonably collocating the rice and the vegetables, establishing a rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond 3, introducing culture tail water, and purifying the tail water to culture the organic rice and vegetable.

Firstly, reasonably matching rice and vegetables, establishing a rice and vegetable co-cropping purification pond 3, performing combined optimization again according to high-quality seeds selected by fish and vegetable co-cropping and rice and fish co-cropping, applying base fertilizers to ridges and fields, applying 800-1000 kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure per mu, building a vegetable frame 7, and then respectively performing seedling culture on rice 11 (red sun No. 2, No. 3 and red rice No. 8 red rice varieties) and four types of vegetables. After 20cm of water is added, rice 11 is planted in a rice-vegetable co-culture pond purification pond 3, the row spacing is 6 multiplied by 4 inches, 1.8 ten thousand clusters of sparse planting are planted per mu, and 2 seedlings are planted in each cluster; planting wild rice shoots at 11 row spacing intervals, wherein the row spacing is 6 multiplied by 4 inches, planting 0.2 ten thousand clusters of sparse planting in each mu, and planting 1 seedling in each cluster; planting lotus roots in the positions 0.2 m from the near bank, wherein the row spacing and the plant spacing are 4 multiplied by 2 inches, planting 0.1 ten thousand clusters of sparse planting in each mu, breeding floating vegetables such as water caltrops or gorgon fruits in each cluster of 1 seedling, and planting 0.5 ten thousand clusters of sparse planting in each mu. A ridge is built up with a vegetable frame 7 to plant vine vegetables 8, such as luffa, cucumber, bottle gourd seeds and the like; land vegetables 9 such as corn, hot pepper, herba houttuyniae, water spinach, corn, soybean, broad bean, water spinach and the like are reasonably densely planted in the ridge.

Then, the culture tail water is introduced, and the tail water is purified to culture the organic rice and vegetable. The fish and vegetable co-culture pond 1 and the rice and fish co-culture pond 2 establish an outward discharge channel to introduce the culture tail water into the novel rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond 3 because the carps are bred and ecological baits are properly fed, and substances such as part of generated excrement and nitrogen and phosphorus nutritive salts generated by microbial decomposition are accumulated in a water body except for the part absorbed by vegetables and rice 11 to prevent pollution to a mountain water source or a reservoir. The indexes of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and the like are regularly measured on the culture tail water from the fish and vegetable co-culture pond 1 and the rice and fish co-culture pond 2, the change before and after purification is known to obtain the purification effect, the purified water quality meets the surface water environment quality standard GB3838-2002 by more than three levels, namely the water reaches the standard, and after vegetables and rice are mature, the water can be applied for certification, processed and sold according to the corresponding standard of organic agricultural products.

Example 3

In this embodiment, the terrace structure described in embodiment 1 and the method described in embodiment 2 are used to comprehensively cultivate rice, fish and vegetables in the terrace. In 12 months in 2018, the inventor carries out actual case implementation on a terrace of a hired poplar elevator in Leyun Zhen Meicun of Honghe county of Yunnan province by a China aquatic science research institute fresh water fishery research center with a cooperation party, namely Yunnan Zhonghai fishery science and technology Limited company.

Firstly, the fish and vegetable co-culture test is carried out. And 5, at the beginning of 12 months, selecting an idle terrace of about 0.5 mu to transform the terrace, and building a vegetable rack 7. About 12 months and 20 days, putting Cyprinus Carpio No. 2 small-specification (average body length 6.75cm, average body weight 15.1 g/tail) fingerlings about 300 tails per mu, and planting vine vegetables 8, specifically cucumbers, on a vegetable rack 7; planting aquatic vegetables 6, in particular water bamboo, in the field; stocking floating vegetables 10, specifically water caltrops; terrestrial vegetables 9, in particular water spinach; the fish and vegetable co-culture test is started. Measuring yield about 3 months and 15 days, wherein 51.5 kg of organic vegetables, namely cucumbers, 52.5 kg of water bamboos, 18.8 kg of water chestnut and 80.6 kg of water spinach are harvested in 0.5 mu of fish and vegetable co-farming pond for 1 season, the average price of the vegetables is 15 yuan/kg, and the yield value is 3051 yuan; randomly sampling 30 fish species, wherein the average body length is 14.7 cm, the body weight is 48.9 g, the yield per mu is 12.32 kg, and the yield is 492.8 yuan according to the market price of 40 yuan/kg; deducting 200 yuan/mu of farmyard manure, 180 yuan/mu of vegetable seeds, 150 yuan/mu of fish seeds, 300 yuan/mu of ecological baits, 350 yuan/mu of labor cost and about 2363.8 yuan of income per mu, and simultaneously reducing the fertilization and pesticide cost of vegetable production by 100 yuan.

Followed by a rice fish co-working experiment. And 3, 28 days after the month, selecting an idle terrace with 0.5 mu or so for terrace reconstruction, and disinfecting and applying the base fertilizer by using quicklime. Then, the rice 11, specifically the red rice variety Hongyang No. 2 is planted, and the seedling cultivation is carried out. After 11 weeks of rice planting in No. 4 and No. 28, large-size fingerlings produced by a fish and vegetable co-culture test are released, and about 250 large-size fingerlings of Furui carp No. 2 (average body length of 15.3 cm and average weight of 50 g/tail) are released per mu to start the rice and vegetable co-culture test. Harvesting and measuring yield about 7 months and 29 days, wherein the average yield per mu of the organic red rice in 2 seasons of the rice and fish farming pond is 481.4 kilograms, and the yield value is 1925.6 yuan according to the market price of 4 yuan/kilogram; randomly sampling 30 fishes, wherein the average body length is 25.1 cm, the body weight is 215.6 g, the average yield per mu is 238 tails and 51.31 kg, and the yield is 2052.4 yuan according to the market price of 40 yuan/kg; deducting 200 yuan/mu of farmyard manure, 160 yuan/mu of 11 kinds of rice, 500 yuan/mu of fish seeds, 300 yuan/mu of ecological bait, 350 yuan/mu of labor cost and about 2468 yuan of income increase of mu, and meanwhile, the fertilization and pesticide cost for rice production can be reduced by 100 yuan.

During the above test period, the rice and vegetable co-culture purification test is synchronously carried out. The determination result shows that the water quality discharged after the rice and vegetable co-operation purification pool 3 is purified meets the environmental quality standard GB3838-2002 of more than two grades, the total phosphorus is less than 0.5 mg/L, the total nitrogen is less than 1.0 mg/L, the pH value of the water body is alkalescent, and the water body is more suitable for being used as drinking water. The yield measurement result shows that the yield of the organic rice produced in one season is 253.5 kg per mu, and the yield value is 1014 yuan per kilogram according to the market price of 4 yuan per kilogram; the method comprises the steps of harvesting 48.7 kg of organic vegetables including cucumbers, 26.7 kg of water bamboos, 8.2 kg of water chestnuts and 91 kg of water spinach, wherein the average price of the vegetables is 11 yuan/kg according to the common vegetables and the anti-season vegetables, and the yield is 1920.6 yuan; deducting 180 yuan per mu of vegetable seed cost, 160 yuan per mu of 11 seed cost of rice and 450 yuan per mu of labor cost, increasing the income of each mu by about 2144.6 yuan, and simultaneously reducing the fertilization and pesticide cost of rice production by 100 yuan.

In conclusion, the special comprehensive planting and breeding mode of the rice, the fish and the vegetables in Yunnan can be well suitable for the local environment, and the income increase per mu is more than 2000 yuan. The establishment and popularization of the method can effectively change the farming mode that only one-season rice is planted in the Hani terrace for thousands of years and the output value is low, promote the development of the terrace fishery with scientific and technological strength, drive farmers to loose poverty and increase income, and protect the sustainable development of the Hani terrace.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a terraced fields structure that rice, fish and vegetable were synthesized and were raised which characterized in that: comprises a fish and vegetable co-culture pond (1), a rice and fish co-culture pond (2) and a rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond (3); wherein the fish and vegetable co-culture pond (1), the rice and fish co-culture pond (2) and the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond (3) are respectively provided with a pipeline for mountain spring water to circulate; the fish and vegetable co-culture pond (1) and the rice and fish co-culture pond (2) are respectively provided with a pipeline which is communicated with the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond (3).

2. The terrace structure for comprehensive planting of rice, fish and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein: the fish and vegetable co-culture pond (1) is 60 meters long, 4.5 meters wide and 0.5 meter deep, the ridge is widened to be 0.4 meter, and a vegetable rack (7) is built at the top of the fish and vegetable co-culture pond (1); and two ends of the ridge are respectively provided with a drainage escape-proof net (12).

3. The terrace structure for comprehensive planting of rice, fish and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein: the rice and fish combined culture pond (2) is 60 meters long, 4.5 meters wide and 0.5 meter deep, the ridge is widened to be 0.4 meter, and two ends of the ridge are respectively provided with a drainage escape-proof net (12).

4. The terrace structure for comprehensive planting of rice, fish and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein: the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond (3) is 60 meters long, 4.5 meters wide and 0.5 meter deep, the ridge is widened to be 0.4 meter, and a vegetable rack (7) is built at the top of the rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond (3).

5. A method for comprehensively planting rice, fish and vegetables by using the terrace structure for comprehensively planting rice, fish and vegetables as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps:

s1: transforming terraced fields;

s2: selecting high-quality vegetables, introducing a high-quality new variety of carp (5), establishing a common pool (1) for fish and vegetable, and producing out-of-season organic vegetables and large-size fish seeds;

s3: selecting high-quality rice (11), putting large-size seedlings, establishing a rice and fish co-culture pond (2) and producing organic rice and high-quality terrace fish;

s4: reasonably collocating rice and vegetables, establishing a rice and vegetable co-culture purification pond (3), introducing tail water generated by culture in the fish and vegetable co-culture pond (1) and the rice and fish co-culture pond (2), and purifying the tail water to culture the organic rice and vegetable.

6. The method for comprehensively planting and breeding rice, fish and vegetables according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the new variety of carp (5) in the step S2 is the No. 2 carp breed of Furui carp.

7. The method for comprehensively planting and breeding rice, fish and vegetables according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the high-quality rice (11) includes any one or more of red-yang No. 2, red-yang No. 3 and red-rice No. 8 red-rice varieties.

8. The method for comprehensively planting and breeding rice, fish and vegetables according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the steps S2 and S3 also comprise a culture management step, wherein the culture management step comprises the steps of regularly using quick lime for disinfection and neutralizing weak acidity in mountain spring water during breeding, and preventing fish diseases and parasites in time.

9. The method for comprehensively planting and breeding rice, fish and vegetables according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the steps S2 and S4 further include insect control, dressing and fertilizing for the rice (11) and vegetables.