CN103931529B - The method of rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp - Google Patents
The method of rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp Download PDFInfo
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- CN103931529B CN103931529B CN201410150228.9A CN201410150228A CN103931529B CN 103931529 B CN103931529 B CN 103931529B CN 201410150228 A CN201410150228 A CN 201410150228A CN 103931529 B CN103931529 B CN 103931529B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for a kind of rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp, comprise the following steps: to Paddy fields, then rake, in the rice field of raking, excavate the cultivation ditch communicated, and build up the ridge of high 45-70cm, wide 60-90cm at the earth that the surrounding of cultivation ditch is excavated; Cultivation ditch is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and water inlet and discharge outlet are respectively arranged with the device preventing freshwater shrimp from fleeing, and are the swag of the 5%-8% of whole rice field area at water inlet excavated area, and the degree of depth of swag is 80-110cm; Quicklime is adopted to sterilize to rice field; Rice field after sterilization inserts that stem stalk is sturdy, resistant to lodging, disease resistance, resistance to fertility, the rice shoot of the rice varieties that Growth and yield is high in deep water; Rice shoot puts freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed after turning green; The freshwater shrimp of pressing different growing stage during cultivation throws in bait, keeps the pure and fresh of water quality simultaneously.Method of the present invention is adopted to cultivate the freshwater shrimp obtained, natural pollution-free, be pure pollution-free food.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, in particular to a kind of method of rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp.
Background technology
Freshwater shrimp, formal name used at school Japanese macrobrachium supernbum is the traditional breed variety of China, because of its delicious flavour, nutritious, the dark favor by market and consumers in general.Relative to the seed such as Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Penaeus Vannmei, freshwater shrimp less investment, price steadiness, cultivation risk is little, and therefore, shrimp culture industry is relatively stable.
And existing paddy field aquaculture aquatic livestock, the general plant of common rice of employing is at about 1 meter, and during paddy growth, field water level generally can only remain on 10-20cm, and the aquatic livestock living space cultivated is restricted, thus affects the output of aquatic livestock.Meanwhile, if field water level remains on more than 40cm always, rice plant very easily lodges, and affects rice yield.In addition, because the ability of its preventing disease and pest of common rice is poor, in the process of plantation, also must carry out diseases prevention and deinsectization work, generally use agricultural chemicals, can aquatic animal to grow be affected like this, so not only can affect the output of aquatic livestock, also can cause certain pesticide pollution to aquatic livestock.
Summary of the invention
A kind of rice field ecology is the object of the present invention is to provide to cultivate the method for freshwater shrimp, to solve the above problems.
Provide the method for a kind of rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp in an embodiment of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
To Paddy fields, then rake, in the described rice field of raking, excavate the cultivation ditch communicated, and build up the ridge of high 45-70cm, wide 60-90cm at the earth that the surrounding of described cultivation ditch is excavated;
Described cultivation ditch is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and described water inlet and described discharge outlet are respectively arranged with the device preventing freshwater shrimp from fleeing, and be the swag of the 5%-8% of whole rice field area at described water inlet excavated area, the degree of depth of described swag is 80-110cm;
Quicklime is adopted to sterilize to described rice field;
Described rice field after sterilization inserts that stem stalk is sturdy, resistant to lodging, disease resistance, resistance to fertility, the rice shoot of the rice varieties that Growth and yield is high in deep water;
Described rice shoot puts freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed after turning green;
The freshwater shrimp of pressing different growing stage during cultivation throws in bait, keeps the pure and fresh of water quality simultaneously.
Preferably, described cultivation ditch width is 0.5-1.0m, and the degree of depth is 0.8-1.0m.
Preferably, described cultivation ditch is in " well " font or " ten " font or sphere of movements for the elephants shape.
Preferably, the consumption of described quicklime is per hectare rice field 450-600kg.
Preferably, by described quicklime water pulping, whole rice field of evenly splashing.
Preferably, described rice varieties is reed rice.
Preferably, the length of described freshwater shrimp is 1.0-1.2cm, and freshwater shrimp 15.0-22.5 ten thousand tail is put in rice field described in per hectare in a suitable place to breed.
Preferably, the freshwater shrimp of pressing different growing stage during described cultivation throws in bait, is specially:
Throw in the 10-15 days after described freshwater shrimp, by animal bait and vegetal bait by 2-4: 6-8 ratio mix, splash in described rice field surrounding after mixing thoroughly with water and throw something and feed, feeding volume is per hectare 14-16kg; It is after 2cm that freshwater shrimp grows to average length, Prawn phase hand fit's granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, and the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day is the 2%-3% that total shrimp weighs; Become the shrimp phase to throw something and feed into shrimp phase hand fit's particle, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day is the 5%-8% that total shrimp weighs;
Daily ration, feeding quantity is all as the criterion to eat up in after throwing something and feeding 2-3 hour.
Preferably, described animal bait is one or more in pig blood, dried silkworm chrysalis meal, fish meal; Described vegetal bait is one or more in beancake powder, soybean curb residue, barley meal.
Preferably, in described freshwater shrimp fast growing period, water level in paddy field remains on more than 60cm.
The method of a kind of rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp that the embodiment of the present invention provides, adopt that stem stalk is sturdy, resistant to lodging, disease resistance, resistance to fertility, Growth and yield is high in deep water rice varieties, the ground of having a rest that stem stalk paddy rice sturdy, resistant to lodging provide enough can to the freshwater shrimp of cultivation; The paddy disease-resistant worm ability adopted is strong, can reduce deinsectization work, also prevent the pollution of medicine to freshwater shrimp of sprinkling, and in addition, when spraying insecticide, the ditch pool that water inlet is excavated is used for the temporary ground of freshwater shrimp, prevents the impact that freshwater shrimp is sprayed insecticide; Adopt the rice varieties of deep water growth, deep water refers to that in the depth of water be in the water of more than 0.6m, can prevent the rice lodging in rice field, and deep water gives freshwater shrimp larger living space, is beneficial to freshwater shrimp growth.In a word, method of the present invention is adopted to cultivate the freshwater shrimp obtained, natural pollution-free, be pure pollution-free food.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Provide the method for a kind of rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp in the embodiment of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
To Paddy fields, then rake, in the described rice field of raking, excavate the cultivation ditch communicated, and build up the ridge of high 45-70cm, wide 60-90cm at the earth that the surrounding of described cultivation ditch is excavated;
Described cultivation ditch is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and described water inlet and described discharge outlet are respectively arranged with the device preventing freshwater shrimp from fleeing, and be the swag of the 5%-8% of whole rice field area at described water inlet excavated area, the degree of depth of described swag is 80-110cm;
Quicklime is adopted to sterilize to described rice field;
Described rice field after sterilization inserts that stem stalk is sturdy, resistant to lodging, disease resistance, resistance to fertility, the rice shoot of the rice varieties that Growth and yield is high in deep water;
Described rice shoot puts freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed after turning green;
The freshwater shrimp of pressing different growing stage during cultivation throws in bait, keeps the pure and fresh of water quality simultaneously.
The method of a kind of rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp that the embodiment of the present invention provides, adopt that stem stalk is sturdy, resistant to lodging, disease resistance, resistance to fertility, Growth and yield is high in deep water rice varieties, the ground of having a rest that stem stalk paddy rice sturdy, resistant to lodging provide enough can to the freshwater shrimp of cultivation; The paddy disease-resistant worm ability adopted is strong, can reduce deinsectization work, also prevent the pollution of medicine to freshwater shrimp of sprinkling, and in addition, when spraying insecticide, the ditch pool that water inlet is excavated is used for the temporary ground of freshwater shrimp, prevents the impact that freshwater shrimp is sprayed insecticide; Adopt the rice varieties of deep water growth, deep water refers to that in the depth of water be in the water of more than 0.6m, can prevent the rice lodging in rice field, and deep water gives freshwater shrimp larger living space, is beneficial to freshwater shrimp growth.In a word, method of the present invention is adopted to cultivate the freshwater shrimp obtained, natural pollution-free, be pure pollution-free food.
Rake to rice field and require that field top layer is smooth, height difference is no more than 5cm, soil particle lower thick upper thin.The heavy phosphorus potassium of the light nitrogen that applies fertilizer, disposable using sufficient does not impose, and based on fertilizer, every mu reaches purity nitrogen 10-11kg, phosphorus pentoxide 5-6kg, potassium oxide 10-11kg.Paddy field weeding is in principle without chemical herbicide, and if desired, select that drug effect is short, the medicine of noresidue, before rice transplanting, carry out field close weeding, dosage is few, guarantees shrimp seedling after dropping into not by poisoning.
Paddy rice does single cropping rice cultivation, and sowing time should before and after 1-10 day in May.Require with 1.5% really spirit 500 times soak seed 24 hours, and be with the vernalization of medicine heat and moisture preserving." reed rice " tillers medium, and rice seedling bed will enrich a certain amount of azophoska.Mu rice seedling bed seeding quantity 5kg, mu Honda kind about amount 0.5kg.Mud collapses after paddy, and every mu of young standing grain of use 17.2% preserves 200g to be watered 40-50kg, evenly sprays the weeding of seedling plate.On rich water quality management, base manure with 15% composite fertilizer 10kg, two leaves wholeheartedly its mu execute urea 6kg, and stand up fertile in rice transplanting first 3 days, mu executes urea 6kg.One leaf one heart stage, kept seedling ditch-water, the short tiller of available 300mg/kg paclobutrazol control height, and two leaf one heart stages poured water upper seedling plate, and period carries out even seedling, kept that shoaling layer is short early to be sent out after tri-leaf period.Sick worm aspect will prevent curing thrips, rice fulgorid, snout moth's larva etc.About suitable leaf age 4 leaf of transplanting, length of time rice seedlings grow 22-28 days.
Reed Oryza large-spike cultivar, colony is comparatively large, and for giving full play to individual dominance, coordinate group's individual growth, field-transplanting density is 50-70 × 50-70cm, and mu inserts several 0.4 ten thousand clumps of clump.Strive for that every clump becomes fringe more than 20, the effective fringe 80,000 of mu, every total grain panicle strives for about 300, and real grain more than 200, finally realizes high yield.Cultivation ditch place no longer plants, and ensures the demand of shrimp seedling growth to oxygen.
Fill with deep water seedling-protection after inserting, survive suitable shallow irrigation after turning green and urge to tiller, reed rice can grow in 0.8-1.5 rice water, but tillers to promote, it is also necessary for suitably putting field.Put field to early July in late June in good time.Within 15-20 days, start progressively to reduce water level before results, shrimp is progressively migrated in cultivation ditch, until cut off the water supply, is conducive to mechanical harvesting.Preferably, in described freshwater shrimp fast growing period, water level in paddy field remains on more than 60cm, and to be conducive to the growth of freshwater shrimp, the selection of water level also needs the growth considering reed rice, generally selects 60-70cm.Freshwater shrimp fast growing period is generally the Prawn after date phase to becoming the shrimp phase.
In the process of growth of paddy rice, freshwater shrimp and paddy rice symbiosis are supported altogether, and paddy rice provides freshwater shrimp to perch, shell and sheltered situation; Rice Photosynthesis also can increase dissolved oxygen in water, and the excreta of freshwater shrimp also can provide certain fertility to paddy rice, thus water quality is purified, and cultivate water improves, and prevents water quality deterioration, is conducive to freshwater shrimp growth, improves freshwater shrimp quality.
Water quality of paddy field is the key factor determining to support shrimp success or failure, will prevent water quality overfertilization anoxic and pesticide pollution especially.First to adhere to refreshing the water periodically, make the water in cultivation ditch keep pure and fresh, the new water 1 time of generally annotating every 3-5 days; Early stage is based on rich water, rich water generally adopts animal wastes, animal wastes are first fermented, then via hole diameter is that sieve water that length and width are 0.5-1.0cm is rushed in row and filtered, discard the bulk impurity stayed above sieve, the ight soil of water punching is used for rich water, and make the transparency of water in cultivation ditch be 25cm, the middle and later periods makes the transparency of water reach 30-40cm.Within every 10-15 days, can spill quicklime and carry out regulating water quality 1 time, usage amount is per hectare 75-150kg.More want duty to change water at high temperature season, even if also will keep stable level in cultivation ditch when paddy rice puts field, have miniflow water better, can be freshwater shrimp and a good ecotope is provided.Secondly, avoid as far as possible using agricultural chemicals, especially forbid to use deinsectization essence and pyrethrin pesticide, really need to use the agricultural chemicals should selecting high-efficiency low-toxicity; In the evening before that day of pesticide, lured by shrimp collection in swag, and cut off the water supply, within the 2nd day, get final product pesticide; Rainy day unsuitable pesticide, in case agricultural chemicals is by rain drop erosion, flows into shrimp ditch along stems and leaves of rice.
The device preventing freshwater shrimp from fleeing is set at water inlet and discharge outlet, as installed flashboard and 60-80 order plastics bolting silk.Water inlet and discharge outlet are can current principle that is unimpeded, that can prevent cultivation freshwater shrimp from fleeing again design., suit measures to local conditions as far as possible meanwhile, utilize local resources condition, do well to prevent escaping work.
According to demand, preferably, described cultivation ditch width is 0.5-1.0m, and the degree of depth is 0.8-1.0m.
Preferably, described cultivation ditch is in " well " font or " ten " font or sphere of movements for the elephants shape.The cultivation ditch of " well " font or " ten " font or sphere of movements for the elephants shape makes to interconnect between raceway groove, is easy to water flowing or discharges water, convenient management.
Empirical tests, the consumption of described quicklime is per hectare rice field 450-600kg.Particularly, by described quicklime water pulping, whole rice field of evenly splashing.Use quicklime to carry out harmful organisms that rice field sterilization both can kill the freshwater shrimp such as swamp eel, loach, leech in rice field, again can sweetening of the soil acid, can also increase when freshwater shrimp casts off a skin required calcareous simultaneously.Freshwater shrimp can be put in a suitable place to breed after quicklime uses 7-10 days.
Preferably, described rice varieties is reed rice.The plant type of rice of reed rice varieties is tall and big, and plant is up to 160-180cm, and likeness in form " reed ", is commonly called as reed rice.The thick stalk of reed rice stem is strengthened, and leaf sheath is thick and heavy, and clasping power is strong, and clasping face is large, and lodging resistance is extremely strong; Well developed root system, when growing in water, each joint can be grown and form flourishing water root, and suction is fertile and resistance to fertility is strong, has excellent water body purification ability; Blade is long, thick, very, leaf color depth, annesl is smooth and easy, and ripe mutually splendid, resistant to diseases and insects is strong.And this paddy rice can grow at deep water, generally grow in the depth of water of 0.6-1m, deep water growth is not easy to the advantage that damaged by vermin occurs in addition.
In rice field, the cultivation of freshwater shrimp has certain number restriction, and empirical tests, preferably, the length of described freshwater shrimp is 1.0-1.2cm, and freshwater shrimp 15.0-22.5 ten thousand tail is put in rice field described in per hectare in a suitable place to breed.The freshwater shrimp of such cultivation and paddy rice are mutually promoted and grow.
The cultivation of shrimp seedling can adopt soya-bean milk rear the fry in fertile pond method, specific as follows:
(1) freshwater shrimp Magna zoea larva hatches rear 2-3 days, and every mu of every day, filtered through gauze, full pool spilling head after removing slag, every day 2-3 time, each interval time was 5-6 hour with 1.5-2.5kg soya bean defibrination.
(2) one Zhou Houke throw something and feed the soya-bean milk do not filtered.
(3) fifth phase Magna zoea larva, progressively mixes the feeds such as No. four powder, fish meal and silkworm chrysalises, after seeing young shrimp, can add a small amount of manufactured feed broken material in soya-bean milk.
(4) 7 days nursery initial stages, pool water level 80cm, new water after filtration of annotating every 2-3 days once, adds 15cm at every turn; Between nursery stage, use a quicklime, concentration is often liter of 10mg.
(5) during shrimp seedling 1.0-1.2cm, the skewer that can dip net is caught (mid or late June is to July), should select to carry out in the morning, adopt close net to surround and seize, collection seedling is caught or discharged water to the skewer that dips net.
Empirical tests, the freshwater shrimp of pressing different growing stage during described cultivation throws in bait, is specially:
Throw in the 10-15 days after described freshwater shrimp, by animal bait and vegetal bait by 2-4: 6-8 ratio mix, splash in described rice field surrounding after mixing thoroughly with water and throw something and feed, feeding volume is per hectare 14-16kg; It is after 2cm that freshwater shrimp grows to average length, Prawn phase hand fit's granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, and the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day is the 2%-3% that total shrimp weighs; Become the shrimp phase to throw something and feed into shrimp phase hand fit's particle, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day is the 5%-8% that total shrimp weighs; Daily ration, feeding quantity is all as the criterion to eat up in after throwing something and feeding 2-3 hour.Hand fit's granular bait for fish is the feed for shrimp aquaculture that common market is sold, and has hand fit's granular bait for fish of different times.As the Prawn phase in the present invention with become hand fit's granular bait for fish of shrimp phase buy to Zhejiang joyful feed limited company and Zhejiang boxing champion Industrial Co., Ltd..
Particularly, described animal bait is one or more in pig blood, dried silkworm chrysalis meal, fish meal; Described vegetal bait is one or more in beancake powder, soybean curb residue, barley meal.
In the cultivation later stage, be generally into the shrimp phase, in order to improve feeding effect, fresh bait feeding of can arranging in pairs or groups, as trash fish, freshwater mussel, spiral shell etc., throws something and feeds 2 times every day, and 8:00-9:00 throws something and feeds 1/3rd of daily ration of feeding; 16:00-18:00 throws something and feeds 2/3rds of daily ration of feeding; In the growth busy season, 22:00 adds throwing 1 time later again, and add that throwing amount is daily ration of feeding 1/3rd.
Preferably, described rice field be positioned at have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage position easily.Supporting shrimp rice field, running check water inlet and draining, water level and with or without the situation such as leaking; Observe the food of shrimp, cast off a skin, grow and the situation such as activity, adhere to sooner or later respectively patrolling field 1 time, and carry out and patrol field record, when discovery ridge is leaky, should fills out immediately and repair.Meet when raining heavyly, prevent flood from overflowing the ridge, ridge diabrosis or the phenomenon such as to collapse, in order to avoid freshwater shrimp runs away.Often skim the dirts such as the careless slag assembled water inlet.In mid-August to by the end of September, be the shrimp season that in 1 year, the easiest anoxic is raised the nose above water to breathe, now shrimp individuality is comparatively large, and food, growth are all more vigorous, must increase at night to patrol field number of times timing and to annotate new water, prevents shrimp floating head.In addition, note removing harmful animal, often drive and catch the freshwater shrimp harmful animals such as birds, water snake, kyllinga brevifolia, frog, swamp eel, water rat, forbid to tend ducks in field, the bird such as goose.
Freshwater shrimp can before paddy rice harvesting harvesting, the freshwater shrimp that specification is little can stay Tanaka continue raise.During harvesting, being generally the method by slowly discharging water, shrimp being driven in hole, then adopt the harvestings such as diddle-net, cage.
The disease of freshwater shrimp mainly contains fin rot, kwashiorkor, blue-green alge disease, black spot and crisp shell disease.
(1) fin rot is sick also known as the black gill, and cardinal symptom is disease shrimp gill filament blackout, and local has mildew and rot.The cause of disease is because shrimp gill portion is corroded by mould, bacterium, causes gill portion impaired; Heavy metal at the bottom of pond is as copper too high levels, and shrimp copper poisoning can occur, and gill portion presents melanin deposition, and impact is breathed; Long-term lacking vitamin C, makes biochemical reaction in shrimp body carry out, causes the thin and weak death of shrimp body.The sick available bleaching powder of the mould microbial black gill, by the consumption of every cubic metre of breeding water body 2g, is dissolved in the water, full pool spilling head; The bacillary black gill disease caused can use chlorine dioxide, splashes by every cubic metre of breeding water body 0.5g; The black gill that heavy metal poisoning causes will change water in a large number, and multicomponent organic acid of splashing during especially severe adds vitamin C and vitamin K in feed.
(2) cardinal symptom of kwashiorkor is that their early stage freshwater shrimp caudal peduncle color and luster reddens, and red color range is extended to whole belly gradually subsequently, finally has influence on cephalothorax and dead.Mostly pathogenesis is that operation is not good at causing, and this sick majority occurs in and throws seedling, except open country, selects and catch rear 1-3 days.Main prevention method has: one be at throwing seedling, catch action in operation want light except wild, choosing, submersible, does not make shrimp laminate, rolls and move; Two be catch operation full pool spilling head the previous day except wild, choosing stress spirit, except full pool spilling head disinfecting drug after operation is caught in wild, choosing.
(3) symptom of blue-green alge disease and the cause of disease mainly blue green algae that dwells of some ends, not good in water quality, transparency is too high and shrimps growth is slower time be attached to shrimp surface, affect the feeding activity of shrimp, time serious, make shrimp can not shell and dead.Conventional prevention and controls is: water transparency remains on 30-35cm, fine day will be selected to splash the morning bio-bacterial manure breeding plankton, reduce water transparence during transparency height.Can to go out clever algae with algae during especially severe, then removing toxic substances of splashing is precious, again water transfer training water.
(4) symptom of black spot is: their early stage, and the focus of freshwater shrimp, in less foxiness, is festered gradually later, finally become black.Usually at gill portion and belly, comprise step and pedes natatorii, be all with black or blackspot.Sick shrimp vigor subtracts greatly, or crouches in pool side and be in moribund condition.Main because forming serious reduction zone bottom shrimp culture pond, make some bacterium amount reproductions decomposing crust and detritus and cause.Water quality to be kept at ordinary times good, execute quicklime or improver of water quality if desired.Careful operation when putting in a suitable place to breed, prevents freshwater shrimp crust from damaging, and notes breeding density, feed of rationally throwing something and feeding.
(5) symptom of crisp shell disease is shrimp shell abnormal rough, and mainly water quality, malnutrition cause calcium deficiency element in calcium deficiency or feed and cause.Shrimp pond water quality management to be strengthened at ordinary times, regularly use lime disinfection, and suitably in feed, increase the composition of calcium.
Embodiment 1
Rice field be positioned at have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage position easily, rake after the Paddy fields of non-rice cultivation, the cultivation ditch communicated is excavated in the rice field of raking, cultivation ditch is in " well " font, cultivation ditch width is 0.5m, the degree of depth is 0.8m, and builds up the ridge of high 45cm, wide 60cm at the earth that the surrounding of cultivation ditch is excavated;
Cultivation ditch is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and water inlet and described discharge outlet are respectively arranged with the device preventing freshwater shrimp from fleeing, and are the swag of 5% of whole rice field area at water inlet excavated area, and the degree of depth of swag is 110cm;
Quicklime is adopted to sterilize to rice field, by quicklime water pulping, whole rice field of evenly splashing, the consumption of quicklime is per hectare rice field 450kg;
The rice shoot of the reed rice varieties of 22 days is inserted in rice field after sterilization, and the density of rice shoot is 50 × 50cm;
Rice shoot puts freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed after turning green, and the length of freshwater shrimp is 1.0-1.2cm, and freshwater shrimp 15.0 ten thousand tail is put in per hectare rice field in a suitable place to breed;
The freshwater shrimp of different growing stage throws in bait, and daily ration, feeding quantity is all as the criterion to eat up in after throwing something and feeding 2-3 hour, is specially:
Throw in 10 days after freshwater shrimp, by animal bait pig blood and vegetal bait beancake powder by 2: 8 ratio mix, splash in rice field surrounding after mixing thoroughly with water and throw something and feed, feeding volume is per hectare 14kg; It is after 2cm that freshwater shrimp grows to average length, Prawn phase hand fit's granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day be total shrimp heavy 2%; Become the shrimp phase to throw something and feed into shrimp phase hand fit's particle, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day be total shrimp heavy 5%.
In freshwater shrimp fast growing period, water level in paddy field remains on 60-70cm, keeps the pure and fresh of water quality simultaneously, first will adhere to refreshing the water periodically, and makes the water in cultivation ditch keep pure and fresh, the new water 1 time of generally annotating every 3 days; Early stage is based on rich water, rich water generally adopts animal wastes, animal wastes are first fermented, then via hole diameter is that sieve water that length and width are 0.5cm is rushed in row and filtered, discard the bulk impurity stayed above sieve, the ight soil of water punching is used for rich water, and make the transparency of water in cultivation ditch be 25cm, the middle and later periods makes the transparency of water reach 30cm; Also need within every 10 days, to spill quicklime and carry out regulating water quality 1 time, usage amount is per hectare 75kg; In addition, more want duty to change water at high temperature season, even if also will keep stable level in cultivation ditch when paddy rice puts field, have miniflow water better, can be freshwater shrimp and a good ecotope is provided.
Embodiment 2
Rice field be positioned at have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage position easily, rake after the Paddy fields of non-rice cultivation, the cultivation ditch communicated is excavated in the rice field of raking, cultivation ditch is in " ten " font, cultivation ditch width is 0.7m, the degree of depth is 0.9m, and builds up the ridge of high 55cm, wide 75cm at the earth that the surrounding of cultivation ditch is excavated;
Cultivation ditch is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and water inlet and described discharge outlet are respectively arranged with the device preventing freshwater shrimp from fleeing, and are the swag of 7% of whole rice field area at water inlet excavated area, and the degree of depth of swag is 90cm;
Quicklime is adopted to sterilize to rice field, by quicklime water pulping, whole rice field of evenly splashing, the consumption of quicklime is per hectare rice field 520kg;
The rice shoot of the reed rice varieties of 25 days is inserted in rice field after sterilization, and the density of rice shoot is 60 × 60cm;
Rice shoot puts freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed after turning green, and the length of freshwater shrimp is 1.0-1.2cm, and freshwater shrimp 200,000 tail is put in per hectare rice field in a suitable place to breed;
The freshwater shrimp of different growing stage throws in bait, and daily ration, feeding quantity is all as the criterion to eat up in after throwing something and feeding 2-3 hour, is specially:
Throw in 15 days after freshwater shrimp, by animal bait dried silkworm chrysalis meal and vegetal bait soybean curb residue by 3: 7 ratio mix, splash in rice field surrounding after mixing thoroughly with water and throw something and feed, feeding volume is per hectare 15kg; It is after 2cm that freshwater shrimp grows to average length, Prawn phase hand fit's granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day be total shrimp heavy 3%; Become the shrimp phase to throw something and feed into shrimp phase hand fit's particle, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day be total shrimp heavy 7%.
In freshwater shrimp fast growing period, water level in paddy field remains on 80-90cm, keeps the pure and fresh of water quality simultaneously, first will adhere to refreshing the water periodically, and makes the water in cultivation ditch keep pure and fresh, the new water 1 time of generally annotating every 4 days; Early stage is based on rich water, rich water generally adopts animal wastes, animal wastes are first fermented, then via hole diameter is that sieve water that length and width are 1cm is rushed in row and filtered, discard the bulk impurity stayed above sieve, the ight soil of water punching is used for rich water, and make the transparency of water in cultivation ditch be 25cm, the middle and later periods makes the transparency of water reach 35cm; Also need within every 12 days, to spill quicklime and carry out regulating water quality 1 time, usage amount is per hectare 110kg; In addition, more want duty to change water at high temperature season, even if also will keep stable level in cultivation ditch when paddy rice puts field, have miniflow water better, can be freshwater shrimp and a good ecotope is provided.
Embodiment 3
Rice field be positioned at have abundant water resources, irrigation and drainage position easily, rake after the Paddy fields of non-rice cultivation, the cultivation ditch communicated is excavated in the rice field of raking, cultivation ditch is sphere of movements for the elephants shape, cultivation ditch width is 1.0m, the degree of depth is 1.0m, and builds up the ridge of high 70cm, wide 90cm at the earth that the surrounding of cultivation ditch is excavated;
Cultivation ditch is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, and water inlet and described discharge outlet are respectively arranged with the device preventing freshwater shrimp from fleeing, and are the swag of 8% of whole rice field area at water inlet excavated area, and the degree of depth of swag is 110cm;
Quicklime is adopted to sterilize to rice field, by quicklime water pulping, whole rice field of evenly splashing, the consumption of quicklime is per hectare rice field 600kg;
The rice shoot of the reed rice varieties of 28 days is inserted in rice field after sterilization, and the density of rice shoot is 70 × 70cm;
Rice shoot puts freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed after turning green, and the length of freshwater shrimp is 1.0-1.2cm, and freshwater shrimp 22.5 ten thousand tail is put in per hectare rice field in a suitable place to breed;
The freshwater shrimp of different growing stage throws in bait, and daily ration, feeding quantity is all as the criterion to eat up in after throwing something and feeding 2-3 hour, is specially:
Throw in 12 days after freshwater shrimp, by animal bait fish meal and vegetal bait barley meal by 4: 6 ratio mix, splash in rice field surrounding after mixing thoroughly with water and throw something and feed, feeding volume is per hectare 16kg; It is after 2cm that freshwater shrimp grows to average length, Prawn phase hand fit's granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day be total shrimp heavy 2.5%; Become the shrimp phase to throw something and feed into shrimp phase hand fit's particle, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day be total shrimp heavy 8%.
In freshwater shrimp fast growing period, water level in paddy field remains on 70-80cm, keeps the pure and fresh of water quality simultaneously, first will adhere to refreshing the water periodically, and makes the water in cultivation ditch keep pure and fresh, the new water 1 time of generally annotating every 5 days; Early stage is based on rich water, rich water generally adopts animal wastes, animal wastes are first fermented, then via hole diameter is that sieve water that length and width are 1.0cm is rushed in row and filtered, discard the bulk impurity stayed above sieve, the ight soil of water punching is used for rich water, and make the transparency of water in cultivation ditch be 25cm, the middle and later periods makes the transparency of water reach 40cm; Also need within every 15 days, to spill quicklime and carry out regulating water quality 1 time, usage amount is per hectare 150kg; In addition, more want duty to change water at high temperature season, even if also will keep stable level in cultivation ditch when paddy rice puts field, have miniflow water better, can be freshwater shrimp and a good ecotope is provided.
Adopt above embodiment paddy field aquaculture freshwater shrimp, freshwater shrimp and paddy rice symbiosis are supported altogether, and paddy growth can be perched for freshwater shrimp, shell and sheltered situation; Rice Photosynthesis also can increase dissolved oxygen in water; Purify water, prevent water quality deterioration, improve cultivate water, be conducive to freshwater shrimp growth, improve freshwater shrimp quality; The insect pest of paddy rice obviously alleviates, and light trap especially can be used to lure insect.The plant type of rice adopted is tall and big, and whole process can be grown among the deep water of 1 meter, the original ecology cultivating pattern that basic employing is not sprayed medicine, do not applied fertilizer.Per mu yield freshwater shrimp 50-60kg, although freshwater shrimp uses artificial compound feed to raise, the freshwater shrimp obtained is the wild shrimp of pure natural, and nutritive value is far above the freshwater shrimp propagated artificially separately; The rice quality obtained improves, and rice is of fine quality, appearance transparent, gel consistence 70mm, amylose content 16.3%, and the soft delicate fragrance of rice, be green natural paddy rice, paddy rice per mu yield about 500kg, brings very large income.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a method for rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
To Paddy fields, then rake, in the described rice field of raking, excavate the cultivation ditch communicated, and build up the ridge of high 45-70cm, wide 60-90cm at the earth that the surrounding of described cultivation ditch is excavated;
Described cultivation ditch is provided with water inlet and discharge outlet, described water inlet and described discharge outlet are respectively arranged with the device preventing freshwater shrimp from fleeing, at the swag that described water inlet excavated area is the 5%-8% of whole rice field area, the degree of depth of described swag is 80-110cm;
Quicklime is adopted to sterilize to described rice field;
Described rice field after sterilization inserts that stem stalk is sturdy, resistant to lodging, disease resistance, resistance to fertility, the rice shoot of the rice varieties that Growth and yield is high in deep water, described rice varieties is reed rice, the field-transplanting density of described rice shoot is 50-70 × 50-70cm, mu inserts several 0.4 ten thousand clumps of clump, and cultivation ditch place no longer plants;
Described rice shoot puts freshwater shrimp in a suitable place to breed after turning green, and the length of described freshwater shrimp is 1.0-1.2cm, and freshwater shrimp 15.0-22.5 ten thousand tail is put in rice field described in per hectare in a suitable place to breed;
The freshwater shrimp of pressing different growing stage during cultivation throws in bait, keeps the pure and fresh of water quality simultaneously;
In described freshwater shrimp fast growing period, water level in paddy field remains on 60-70cm.
2. the method for rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cultivation ditch width is 0.5-1.0m, and the degree of depth is 0.8-1.0m.
3. the method for rice field ecology according to claim 1 cultivation freshwater shrimp, is characterized in that, described cultivation ditch is in " well " font or " ten " font or sphere of movements for the elephants shape.
4. the method for rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the consumption of described quicklime is per hectare rice field 450-600kg.
5. the method for rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp according to claim 4, is characterized in that, by described quicklime water pulping, and whole rice field of evenly splashing.
6. the method for rice field ecology cultivation freshwater shrimp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the freshwater shrimp of pressing different growing stage during described cultivation throws in bait, is specially:
Throw in the 10-15 days after described freshwater shrimp, by animal bait and vegetal bait by 2-4: 6-8 ratio mix, splash in described rice field surrounding after mixing thoroughly with water and throw something and feed, feeding volume is per hectare 14-16kg; It is after 2cm that freshwater shrimp grows to average length, Prawn phase hand fit's granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, and the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day is the 2%-3% that total shrimp weighs; Become the shrimp phase to throw something and feed into shrimp phase hand fit's particle, the daily ration, feeding quantity of every day is the 5%-8% that total shrimp weighs;
Daily ration, feeding quantity is all as the criterion to eat up in after throwing something and feeding 2-3 hour.
7. the method for rice field ecology according to claim 6 cultivation freshwater shrimp, is characterized in that, described animal bait is one or more in pig blood, dried silkworm chrysalis meal, fish meal; Described vegetal bait is one or more in beancake powder, soybean curb residue, barley meal.
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