CN110810305A

CN110810305A - Method for co-culturing rice and shrimp

Info

Publication number: CN110810305A
Application number: CN201911103820.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 乔华五
Original assignee: Lixian Huawu Rice Planting Cooperative
Current assignee: Lixian Huawu Rice Planting Cooperative
Priority date: 2019-11-13
Filing date: 2019-11-13
Publication date: 2020-02-21

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for co-culturing rice and shrimps, which adopts a rice culturing field comprising a rice field arranged in the middle and a shrimp ditch arranged around the rice field, wherein the upper parts of the inner walls of the rice field and the shrimp ditch are both provided with anti-escape sliding walls, and communicated cross flow grooves are arranged on ridges at intervals between the rice field and the shrimp ditch, wherein: the shrimp ditch is internally provided with a sinking net, the spaced ridges are provided with fixing piles, the sinking position of the sinking net is adjusted through symmetrically arranged fixing ropes, and the tops of the fixing ropes are tied on the fixing columns. According to the invention, by constructing a special rice planting and raising field structure and arranging the anti-escape sliding wall on the upper parts of the inner walls of the shrimp ditches and the rice field, the economic loss caused by random escape of lobsters can not be effectively prevented; the shrimp ditch is internally provided with the sinking net which is matched with the communication chute to realize the communication between the lobsters and the rice field in order, the shrimp ditch can be cleaned or the water can be activated by matching with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe to be beneficial to the growth of the shrimps, and the sinking net is also convenient for the fishing of the grown shrimps; better plays the virtuous circle of 'shrimp culture in rice field and rice culture in shrimp field'.

Description

Method for co-culturing rice and shrimp

Technical Field

The invention relates to a culture method, in particular to a method for co-culturing rice and shrimps.

Background

Crayfish, also known as procambarus clarkia, red crayfish or freshwater crayfish, is a freshwater economic shrimp, is popular with people because of delicious meat taste, and has become an important economic breeding variety in China in recent years because of eating impurities, high growth speed and strong adaptability. In recent years, as wild resources are sharply reduced and the market demand is continuously increased, the artificial breeding of the crayfishes is popularized in a large area, and the breeding mode and the breeding technology are continuously improved. The method for breeding the freshwater crayfishes in the rice field is an operation mode which utilizes the shallow water environment of the rice field and is assisted by artificial measures to breed rice and shrimp so as to improve the unit area benefit of the rice field. The crayfish enters the rice field, so that the rice cultivation cost can be reduced, and the rice cultivation benefit can be increased. The paddy field is a comprehensive ecological system, and the fertilizer applied to the rice cultivation also provides excellent natural conditions for the growth of other animals and plants in the paddy field while meeting the growth and development of the rice, so that the pure paddy cultivation field needs to weed and kill insects regularly by using medicines. Generally, the pesticide is applied for 5-7 times in the whole rice cultivation period, so that the rice cultivation cost is increased, and the pesticide residue of rice products is caused. After the crayfishes are bred, the crayfishes have super strong adaptability and wide feeding property, all animals and plants except rice in a rice field can be utilized, the invalid consumption of nutrient components caused by the growth of weeds is avoided, the attack of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the medicine cost is greatly saved; frequent foraging activities of the crayfish can break the 'attached algae' on the soil surface of the rice field and seal and fix the oxide layer, so that the decomposition of the fertilizer is accelerated, the soil ventilation is increased, the soil moisture content of the rice field can be improved, the rice yield is promoted, and the benefit is improved. The crayfish is bred in the rice field, the shrimp breeding yield can be increased, and the comprehensive benefit is improved. Therefore, crayfish is cultivated in the rice field, on one hand, the traditional cultivation mode of the rice planting area is changed, and on the premise that the grain planting area is not reduced, the utilization rate of the land is improved, and the output benefit of the rice field is improved; on the other hand, the method utilizes the shrimps to prey on the insects in the rice field, maintains the ecological environment of the rice field and realizes the purposes of shrimp culture and shrimp culture in the rice field.

The existing methods for co-culturing rice and shrimps are more, and the co-culturing is carried out by adopting a mode of opening shrimp ditches in a rice field and constructing escape-proof nets or walls around the rice field. This kind of mode is because the net or the wall of preventing escaping erects on the paddy field, influences daily planting and breeding work, and the net or the wall of preventing escaping that expose also easily suffers destruction in addition, directly influences the effect of preventing escaping. In addition, the shrimp ditches are directly excavated and used according to common ditches, so that the communication between the rice field and the shrimp ditches is inconvenient, and the shrimp ditches are inconvenient to salvage and clear in the breeding process. The problems all affect the breeding efficiency of the rice shrimps directly or indirectly, and prevent the rice shrimp from breeding to achieve the best virtuous cycle of 'breeding the shrimps in the rice field and breeding the rice in the shrimps'.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to improve and innovate the defects and problems in the background art and provides a method for co-culturing rice and shrimps.

The method adopts the following structure of rice field co-culture: the rice growing and cultivating field including setting up the paddy field at the middle part, with enclose and establish the shrimp ditch at the paddy field periphery, and the inner wall upper portion of paddy field and shrimp ditch all is provided with prevents escaping the smooth wall, open on the interval ridge of paddy field and shrimp ditch and have communicating traffic groove, wherein: the shrimp ditch is internally provided with a sinking net, the spaced ridges are provided with fixing piles, the sinking position of the sinking net is adjusted through symmetrically arranged fixing ropes, and the tops of the fixing ropes are tied on the fixing columns.

Preferably, the rice field is a square field, and the shrimp ditches are arranged around the rice field. The mode of the square structure is convenient for placing and operating the sinking net on one side, so that the cultivation work is more convenient.

Preferably, the shrimp ditches around the rice field are communicated with each other, the bottom surfaces of the shrimp ditches incline to one side, a water inlet is formed in the high position of the inclined bottom surface, and a water outlet is formed in the low position of the inclined bottom surface. The inclined bottom surface is matched with the water inlet and the water outlet, so that the shrimp ditch can be cleaned conveniently, water can be changed and water can be circulated conveniently, the culture environment of the shrimp ditch is maintained, and the culture effect is promoted.

Preferably, waterweeds are planted below the escape-proof sliding wall of the inner wall of the shrimp ditch. The planted aquatic weeds are the aquatic weeds commonly used for lobster breeding, can provide habitation for lobsters, and can prevent the sinking net from being directly contacted with ditch soil and being sunk into soil to affect use.

Preferably, the anti-escape sliding wall is made of a concrete layer, or a bamboo sheet laying layer, or a plastic laying layer. The concrete layer is not easy to damage, the service life is long, and the operation is simple. The bamboo sheet laying layer is closer to ecological cultivation, and the habit of the bamboo can be naturally adjusted, the temperature is better, and the bamboo sheet laying layer and the shrimp ditch form an integration. The plastic laying layer is simple to lay, low in cost and convenient to replace.

Preferably, the height of the anti-escape sliding wall is 10-20 cm.

Preferably, the alternating current grooves are uniformly arranged on the ridge at intervals, and the height of each alternating current groove is consistent with that of the anti-escape sliding wall. The multiple communication grooves facilitate free communication between the rice field and the shrimps in the shrimp ditch.

Preferably, the sinking net is in a U-shaped grid structure matched with the shrimp sulcus. The U-shaped net can prevent lobsters from being extruded and injured by the net and the ditch wall, and the U-shaped structure can increase the bearing capacity of the net; by adopting a proper grid structure, not only can the shrimps be prevented from leaking out of the net and being extruded, but also the normal attachment of the shrimps in the net and the waterweeds on the ditch wall can be ensured.

Preferably, the fixed ropes on the sinking net are symmetrically arranged in multiple groups, and the fixed piles are arranged corresponding to the fixed ropes. The fixed rope and the better assurance of fixed column that the symmetry multiunit set up sink steadily and can not appear weighing down the net and hinder the shrimp.

The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, through constructing a special rice planting and raising field structure and arranging the anti-escape sliding wall on the upper parts of the inner walls of the shrimp ditches and the rice field, the economic loss caused by random climbing out of lobsters and escape can be effectively prevented, the problems that the daily planting and raising work is influenced and the conventional anti-escape facilities are easy to damage due to external arrangement are solved, and the planting and raising environment is cleaner and more tidy due to the built-in anti-escape facilities and is convenient to manage. Meanwhile, the sinking net is arranged in the shrimp ditch, communication between the lobsters and the rice field can be realized in order by matching with the communication groove between the shrimp ditch and the rice field, the shrimp ditch can be cleaned or water can be activated by matching with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, so that the growth of the shrimps is facilitated, the pulling and releasing type sinking net is also convenient for fishing the grown shrimps, and the labor intensity of cultivation is reduced. By improving the planting hardware environment, the invention better plays the virtuous circle of 'shrimp planting in rice field and rice planting in shrimp field', improves the economic benefit of co-planting rice and shrimp, and simplifies the co-planting method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a rice field according to the present invention.

Description of the figures:

1. rice field, 2, shrimp ditch, 3, sinking net, 4, fixing rope, 5, escape-proof slide wall, 6, fixing pile, 7, water inlet, 8, water outlet, 9 and communication groove.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are given below for the understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

The rice growing field structure that adopts in this embodiment is supported altogether is as follows:

as shown in FIG. 1, the rice-raising field comprises a rice field 1 arranged in the middle and shrimp ditches 2 arranged around the rice field 1, in this case, the rice field 1 is a square field, and the shrimp ditches 2 are arranged around the rice field 1; the shrimp ditches 2 around the rice field 1 are communicated with each other, the bottom surfaces of the shrimp ditches 2 are inclined towards one side, a water inlet 7 is arranged at the high position of the inclined bottom surface, and a water outlet 8 is arranged at the low position. The upper parts of the inner walls of the rice field 1 and the shrimp ditch 2 are provided with anti-escape sliding walls 5, the anti-escape sliding walls 5 can adopt concrete layers or bamboo sheet laying layers or plastic laying layers according to conditions, and the height of the anti-escape sliding walls 5 is 10-20 cm. Communicated alternating current grooves 9 are formed in the ridges at intervals between the rice field 1 and the shrimp ditches 2, the alternating current grooves 9 are uniformly arranged on the ridges at intervals, and the height of each alternating current groove 9 is consistent with that of the anti-escape sliding wall 5. An immersed net 3 is arranged in the shrimp ditch 2, and the immersed net 3 is of a U-shaped grid structure matched with the shrimp ditch 2; the spacing ridges are provided with fixing piles 6; the sinking net 3 adjusts the sinking position through the symmetrically arranged fixing ropes 4, and the top parts of the fixing ropes 4 are tied on the fixing columns 6; the fixed ropes 4 on the sinking net 3 are symmetrically provided with a plurality of groups, and the fixed piles 6 are arranged corresponding to the fixed ropes 4.

Example (b):

1. and (5) planting and breeding rice fields.

The paddy field with sufficient water source, strong soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, no influence of drought and flood, no pollution around, good water quality, convenient irrigation and drainage and sufficient sunlight is selected, and the paddy field soil is preferably alkaline clay soil. And (3) excavating shrimp ditches and alternating current grooves according to the rice planting and breeding field structure, and excavating a water inlet and a water outlet, namely excavating an annular ditch around each breeding unit, namely the independent rice field, wherein the distance between the annular ditch and a ridge is 1.5-2.0 m, the width of the ditch is 2.0-3.0 m, the depth of the ditch is 1.5-2.0 m, and the bottom surface is inclined. After the earthwork is finished, injecting water into the field for soaking the field for 30 days to eliminate the harm of the residual pesticide, draining water, eliminating enemy organisms by using quick lime, planting waterweeds (waterweed and hydrilla verticillata), and building an anti-escape slide wall on the upper part of the shrimp ditch.

2. And (5) cultivating rice.

The cultivation and management technology of the conventional rice is adopted. The rice seeds with stable and high yield are selected, and the rice in the shrimp-raising rice field is often soaked by water, so that the shrimp-raising rice field is easy to fall down and has more diseases. Therefore, the rice variety should be selected to have high yield with strong lodging resistance, good stress resistance and wide adaptability. The rice field is firstly arranged, and then is subjected to fertilization, rotary tillage and leveling after being dried in the sun. The rice cultivation can adopt a 'big-ridge double-row' cultivation and insertion technology. The crayfish planting and inserting mode provides an environment with good ventilation performance. In the early stage of cultivation, rice should be irrigated by shallow water, and crayfish is all concentrated in the shrimp ditch for cultivation, so as to ensure the ingestion and the survival rate of the crayfish. And after the seedlings turn green, putting the crayfishes into the field for raising. When the rice grows and is sunned, the field water is drained slowly, so that the crayfishes enter the shrimp ditches, and the crayfishes are prevented from being dehydrated and dead when being baked; meanwhile, closely observing the behavior of the crayfish, and if the reaction is abnormal, immediately feeding water; the field drying time is not too long, and the field drying is preferably carried out once before transplanting rice seedlings. In the rice planting process, additional fertilizer is a key factor for ensuring the growth vigor of rice. The additional fertilizer is preferably urea and calcium superphosphate, the dosage of the additional fertilizer is 5-7 kg/mu, fertilizers harmful to crayfish, such as ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate and the like, are strictly forbidden, and the additional fertilizer frequency is not more than 3. The rice is applied by adhering to the principle of biological safety of crayfishes, and proper paddy field application is selected. When the pesticide is used for diseases, the pesticide is sprayed to the leaves as much as possible, at the moment, crayfishes are gathered in shrimp ditches to be cultured, and the water level of a rice field is reduced. And (3) regularly disinfecting the water body with quicklime, wherein the dosage of each mu is not more than 10kg each time, and necessary calcium is supplemented for the molting of the crayfish.

3. And (5) stocking the crayfishes.

And (5) stocking the crayfishes according to a conventional method. When the aquatic weeds in the shrimp ditch survive and enter the stocking period, the fixing ropes are tied on the sinking net, the fixing columns are fixedly arranged on the ridges corresponding to the fixing ropes, the sinking net is placed at the bottom of the ditch, the fixing ropes are tied, and a proper amount of water level is put in. Selecting young shrimps with a blue body, complete body and limbs, no diseases or injuries, strong activity, strong physique and good growth, wherein the weight of the young shrimps is required to be 6-8 g/tail, the minimum weight of the young shrimps cannot be lower than 5 g/tail, and the stocking density is 300kg/hm²。

During the culture period, water quality control is carried out, and water inlet and outlet control can be adopted, and the control can be carried out by pulling up or lowering down a sinking net. The water level of the crawfish breeding circular ditch in the high-temperature period is preferably 1.6-2 meters. The water is added for a plurality of times in a small amount, the water addition amount is 4-6 meters every time, and the crayfish opening is preferably not submerged. In high-temperature seasons, field water quality can turn black due to rotting of low-temperature algae such as elodea and moss, so that crayfish can be grassed or landed. Meanwhile, algae in the high-temperature period is easy to excessively breed, so that the water quality is deteriorated, and a large amount of toxins are generated due to the bloom of blue algae in the severe case. The farmers need to supplement EM strains to the pond water regularly, so that not only can organic impurities in the water be decomposed for the algae to absorb, but also aged algae in the water can be decomposed. The blackening of the sediment and the rancidity of the sediment are common phenomena in the high temperature period. The method is related to the accumulation of organic pollutants such as excessive feeding, crayfish excrement accumulation, aquatic weed rotten residues and the like in the bottom mud of the aquaculture water body, and the crayfish ditch can be recovered to the best aquaculture environment by lifting the sinking net and opening the water inlet and the water outlet for circular cleaning.

4. And (5) other planting and breeding management.

Conventional planting and breeding management is adopted. The lobster belongs to omnivorous property, besides the aquatic weeds, powdery feed such as corn, vinasse, wheat flour, rice bran, wheat bran and bean dregs is fed, and proper amount of animal feed such as small trash fish, snails, earthworms, animal viscera and silkworm chrysalis is fed in the growing period.

The shrimp-culturing rice field generally takes base fertilizer application and decomposed farmyard manure as main materials, promotes the stable growth of rice, keeps the non-falling strength in the middle period, does not senilism in the later period, and is easy to control the population. If the fertilizer is removed, a small amount of urea can be applied, and the dosage per mu is not more than 5 kg. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: firstly, shallow field water is discharged, the shrimps are concentrated in the shrimp ditches and then fertilized, so that the fertilizer is favorably and quickly deposited in the bottom mud and absorbed by the field mud and the seedlings, and the field water is deepened to the normal depth; or spreading fertilizer in small amount and multiple times or spreading fertilizer in pieces or applying fertilizer outside roots. Chemical fertilizers harmful to the freshwater crayfish, such as ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate and the like, are forbidden. The crayfish breeding in the rice field can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, crayfish ingests insects, and the pest and disease damage is reduced, so the application of herbicides and pesticides is reduced as much as possible, and the crayfish can be pulled out manually after entering the field if the crayfish has weeds.

5. And (6) harvesting.

Generally, a method for harvesting rice and retaining rice piles is adopted, then the water level is increased to 40-50 cm, and proper fertilization is carried out to promote the rice piles to turn green, so that shade-avoiding places and natural bait sources are provided for lobsters. The fishing time for shrimp culture in the rice field can be 4-9 months, and a ground cage stretching fishing method or a direct lifting and sinking net is adopted for capturing.

The embodiments of the present invention are described only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not for the limitation of the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for co-culturing rice and shrimps is characterized by adopting the rice field with the following structure for co-culturing:

the rice growing and cultivating field including setting up the paddy field at the middle part, with enclose and establish the shrimp ditch at the paddy field periphery, and the inner wall upper portion of paddy field and shrimp ditch all is provided with prevents escaping the smooth wall, open on the interval ridge of paddy field and shrimp ditch and have communicating traffic groove, wherein: the shrimp ditch is internally provided with a sinking net, the spaced ridges are provided with fixing piles, the sinking position of the sinking net is adjusted through symmetrically arranged fixing ropes, and the tops of the fixing ropes are tied on the fixing columns.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paddy field is a square field, and the shrimp furrows are formed around the paddy field.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shrimp ditches are communicated with each other around the rice field, the bottom surfaces of the shrimp ditches are inclined to one side, and a water inlet is provided at a high position and a water outlet is provided at a low position of the inclined bottom surfaces.

4. The method for raising rice and shrimp together as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the shrimp ditch is planted with water grass below the escape-proof sliding wall.

5. The method for co-culturing rice and shrimp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-escape sliding wall is made of concrete layer, bamboo sheet layer or plastic layer.

6. The method for raising rice and shrimp together as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the anti-escape sliding wall is 10-20 cm.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication slots are uniformly spaced on the ridge, and the height of each communication slot is consistent with the height of the anti-escape sliding wall.

8. The method for raising rice and shrimp together as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sinking net is a U-shaped lattice structure corresponding to the shrimp sulcus.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fixing ropes on the sinking net are symmetrically arranged in multiple groups, and the fixing piles are arranged corresponding to the fixing ropes.