CN111837852A - Method for inducing cassava to bloom - Google Patents

Method for inducing cassava to bloom Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111837852A
CN111837852A CN202010723894.2A CN202010723894A CN111837852A CN 111837852 A CN111837852 A CN 111837852A CN 202010723894 A CN202010723894 A CN 202010723894A CN 111837852 A CN111837852 A CN 111837852A
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China
Prior art keywords
cassava
fertilizer
planting
selecting
seed stems
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CN202010723894.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
梁振华
李恒锐
杨海霞
陈会鲜
黎萍
黄珍玲
朱涵钰
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Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute
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Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute
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Priority to CN202010723894.2A priority Critical patent/CN111837852A/en
Publication of CN111837852A publication Critical patent/CN111837852A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for inducing cassava to bloom, which relates to the technical field of cassava planting and comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a cassava planting field, selecting tropical and subtropical marginal areas, and selecting a place which has less accumulated water, less gravel and is not often attacked by strong wind to cultivate the cassava; s2, preparing soil of the cassava planting field, ridging according to the row spacing of 1.0-1.2 m, and arranging planting holes with the row spacing of 1 m by 1 m on the ridge; s3, improving the cassava planting field, and applying base fertilizer to the land which is prepared in a mulching film cultivation mode. According to the method for inducing the cassava to bloom, reasonable and targeted fertilization is carried out in each stage by adopting reasonable flower promoting measures in each stage of the cassava, the surplus nutrition is prevented, the cassava seed stems are subjected to flowering induction, the surplus axillary buds and branches are removed at the same time, the nutrition is prevented from being dispersed and absorbed, and the cassava blooming is promoted.

Description

Method for inducing cassava to bloom
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cassava planting, in particular to a method for inducing cassava to bloom.
Background
Cassava is a plant of the genus cassava of the family euphorbiaceae, is a perennial shrub crop, one of the three potatoes in the world, and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. In the tropical regions of south asia of China, cassava is the fifth largest crop next to rice, sweet potato, sugarcane and corn. It has important effects in crop layout, feed production, industrial application and the like, and has become a crop which is widely planted and mainly used for processing starch and feed. The cassava root tuber is conical, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, is fleshy and is rich in starch. The cassava flour has good quality and can be eaten or used for industrially preparing alcohol, fructose, glucose and the like.
The existing research proves that the cassava is a cross-pollinated crop with the same strain, the male flower and the female flower have the same sequence and the cross-pollination, the common male flower on the same inflorescence blooms 1-2 weeks later than the female flower, and the cassava normally ripens about 90 days after blooming and pollination. According to the flowering and fruiting habits of cassava, after the cassava blooms, the surface of the cassava fruits is dry and mature normally in the middle and last 12 months. However, in subtropical regions, cassava usually flowers from the middle ten days of 9 months, and due to the influence of drought, low temperature and the like, even if fruit seeds are harvested in the next 1-2 months, the surfaces of most harvested fruits are green, the fruits are small, more than half of the harvested seeds are not normally mature, and the germination rate of the mature seeds is not less than 20%. Moreover, some cassava varieties do not branch, and can not bloom in the current year of planting whether the cassava varieties are planted in perennial roots or in the current year.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for inducing cassava to bloom so as to solve the problem that the current-year flowering of the cassava cannot be achieved in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for inducing flowering of cassava comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting a cassava planting field, selecting tropical and subtropical marginal areas, and selecting a place which has less accumulated water, less gravel and is not often attacked by strong wind to cultivate the cassava;
s2, preparing soil of the cassava planting field, ridging according to the row spacing of 1.0-1.2 m, and arranging planting holes with the row spacing of 1 m x 1 m on the ridges;
s3, improving the cassava planting field, and applying a base fertilizer in a mulching film cultivation mode;
s4, selecting cassava seed stems, selecting the middle and lower sections of cassava main stems which are free of diseases and insects, have milk at the cut, are not damaged, are fully aged, are fresh, have intact bud points and have thick stems as seed stems, and processing the selected seed stems;
s5, planting the selected cassava seed stems, wherein the planting method adopts a horizontal placement method or an oblique insertion method, and the planting density is 600-;
s6, topdressing the cassava to induce the cassava to bloom, wherein the topdressing time is 40-60 days after planting, and phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of cassava field to promote the cassava to bloom;
s7, after topdressing, flower promoting and flower keeping are carried out, a flower promoting fertilizer is used, the flower promoting fertilizer adopts a root application mode, and N + P in the flower promoting fertilizer2O5+K2The mass percentage of O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the mass percentage of trace elements is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 15 percent;
further, in the step S2, when soil is prepared, deep ploughing and harrowing is performed to plough 30 cm of soil, and the deep ploughing and harrowing is performed by means of tractor ploughing, and soil layer thickening is performed by means of cultivation.
Further, in the S5, ridging on the prepared land according to the row spacing, applying the required fertilizer in the middle of the ridge at one time and uniformly mixing with soil, applying 750 kg of farmyard manure, 25 kg of compound fertilizer, 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 25 kg of potassium fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer to each mu of land, covering the surface of the ridge with a mulching film with the width of 1 meter, compacting the periphery of the mulching film with the soil, inserting cassava seed stems into the two sides of the ridge film according to the plant spacing, and exposing the seed stems to the ground by 3-5 cm.
Further, in S4, the seed stem is cut into stem segments before planting, and the length of the seed stem is controlled to be about 10-15cm, and the seed stem is cut while keeping the bud intact, without breaking and with smooth cut.
Further, in the S5, the cassava seed stems are planted in advance at the beginning of the 3 rd month at the bottom of 2 th month every year
Further, in the step S6, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is uniformly spread on the planting ground according to 30-50kg per mu, the potassium fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, the mass ratio of the monopotassium phosphate in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 1%, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surface for 2-3 times.
Further, in S6, when protecting flower buds, other axillary buds need to be removed in time, and only the flower buds need to be left, and newly grown branches need to be removed.
Compared with the prior art, the method for inducing the cassava to bloom provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for inducing the cassava to bloom, reasonable and targeted fertilization is carried out in each stage by adopting reasonable flower promoting measures in each stage of the cassava, surplus nutrition is prevented, the cassava seed stems are subjected to flowering induction, meanwhile, redundant axillary buds and branches are removed, the nutrition is prevented from being dispersed and absorbed, and therefore the cassava blossoming is promoted, the cassava can bloom successively from the middle of 9 months until all the cassava blossoms planted before the end of the year are realized.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for inducing flowering of cassava comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting a cassava planting field, selecting tropical and subtropical marginal areas, and selecting a place which has less accumulated water, less gravel and is not often attacked by strong wind to cultivate the cassava;
s2, preparing soil of the cassava planting field, ridging according to the row spacing of 1.0-1.2 m, and arranging planting holes with the row spacing of 1 m x 1 m on the ridges;
when soil is prepared, soil is deeply ploughed by 30 cm, deep ploughing, harrowing and crushing are carried out in a mechanical ploughing mode, and meanwhile, a soil layer is thickened by a Java method.
S3, improving the cassava planting field, and applying base fertilizer to the land with the land prepared by land preparation in a mulching film cultivation mode;
ridging on the prepared land according to row spacing, applying required fertilizer in the middle of the ridging at one time and uniformly mixing with soil, applying 750 kg of farmyard manure 500 plus one year, 25 kg of compound fertilizer, 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 25 kg of potassium fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, covering the surface of the ridging with a mulching film with the width of 1 meter, compacting the periphery of the mulching film by using soil, inserting cassava seed stems into the two sides of the ridging film according to the plant spacing, and exposing the seed stems to the ground by 3-5 cm.
S4, selecting cassava seed stems, selecting the middle and lower sections of cassava main stems which are free of diseases and insects, have milk in the cut, are not damaged, are fully aged, are fresh, have intact bud points and dense stem knots as seed stems, and processing the selected seed stems;
cutting the selected seed stems into stem segments with the length controlled at about 10-15cm before planting, and keeping the bud points intact, free of breakage and smooth cuts when the seed stems are cut.
S5, planting the selected cassava seed stems, wherein the planting method adopts a horizontal placement method or an oblique insertion method, and the planting density is 600-;
the cassava seed stems are planted at the bottom of 3 months in advance every year, the soil moisture evaporation can be reduced in the environment at the bottom of 3 months in 2 months, the soil is kept moist and loose, the early germination and early growth of the cassava can be promoted, the cassava is induced to bloom, the growth of the cassava and the expansion of the root tuber are facilitated, and the yield is increased by more than 30%.
S6, topdressing the cassava to induce the cassava to bloom, wherein the topdressing time is 40-60 days after planting, and phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of cassava field to promote the cassava to bloom;
the phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate, 30-50kg of the phosphate fertilizer is uniformly spread on the planting ground per mu, the potassium fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, the mass percentage of monopotassium phosphate in potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 1%, and the phosphate fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 2-3 times.
When the flower buds are protected, other axillary buds need to be removed in time, only the flower buds need to be left, and simultaneously newly grown branches need to be removed, so that the cassava is induced to bloom.
S7, after topdressing, flower promoting and flower keeping are carried out, a flower promoting fertilizer is used, the flower promoting fertilizer adopts a root application mode, and N + P in the flower promoting fertilizer2O5+K2The mass percentage of O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the mass percentage of trace elements is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 15 percent;
during the fertilization period, paying attention to field management, arranging personnel to observe the blooming condition of the cassava every 3-5 days, and if flower buds appear, protecting the flower buds in severe weather, so as to ensure that the cassava can bloom successively from the middle of 9 months until all the cassava blooms planted before the end of the year.
Example two:
a method for inducing flowering of cassava comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting a cassava planting field, selecting tropical and subtropical marginal areas, and selecting a place which has less accumulated water, less gravel and is not often attacked by strong wind to cultivate the cassava;
s2, preparing soil of a cassava planting field, ridging according to a row spacing of 1 m, and arranging planting holes with a row spacing of 1 m x 1 m on each ridge;
when soil is prepared, deep ploughing, harrowing and smashing are carried out, wherein the deep ploughing, harrowing and smashing are carried out in a mechanical ploughing mode, and meanwhile, a soil layer is thickened by a sailing method.
S3, improving the cassava planting field, and applying base fertilizer to the land with the land prepared by land preparation in a mulching film cultivation mode;
the method comprises the steps of ridging on the prepared land according to row spacing, applying required fertilizer in the middle of the ridge at one time and uniformly mixing with soil, applying 600 kg of farmyard manure, 25 kg of compound fertilizer, 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 25 kg of potassium fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer to each mu of land, covering a mulching film with the width of 1 meter on the surface of the ridge, compacting the periphery of the mulching film by using soil, inserting cassava seed stems into the two sides of the ridge film according to plant spacing, and exposing the seed stems to the ground by 3-5 cm.
S4, selecting cassava seed stems, selecting the middle and lower sections of cassava main stems which are free of diseases and insects, have milk in the cut, are not damaged, are fully aged, are fresh, have intact bud points and dense stem knots as seed stems, and processing the selected seed stems;
cutting the selected seed stems into stem segments with the length controlled at about 10-15cm before planting, and keeping the bud points intact, free of breakage and smooth cuts when the seed stems are cut.
S5, planting the selected cassava seed stems, wherein the planting method adopts a flat placement method or an oblique insertion method, and the planting density is 700 plants/mu;
the cassava seed stems are planted at the bottom of 3 months in advance every year, the soil moisture evaporation can be reduced in the environment at the bottom of 3 months in 2 months, the soil is kept moist and loose, the early germination and early growth of the cassava can be promoted, the cassava is induced to bloom, the growth of the cassava and the expansion of the root tuber are facilitated, and the yield is increased by more than 30%.
S6, topdressing the cassava to induce the cassava to bloom, wherein the topdressing time is 40-60 days after planting, and phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of cassava field to promote the cassava to bloom;
the phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate, the calcium magnesium phosphate is uniformly spread on the planting ground according to 30-50kg per mu, the potassium fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, the mass percentage of monopotassium phosphate in potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 1%, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for 3 times.
When the flower buds are protected, other axillary buds need to be removed in time, only the flower buds need to be left, and simultaneously newly grown branches need to be removed, so that the cassava is induced to bloom.
S7, after topdressing, flower promoting and flower keeping are carried out, a flower promoting fertilizer is used, the flower promoting fertilizer adopts a root application mode, and N + P in the flower promoting fertilizer2O5+K2The mass percentage of O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the mass percentage of trace elements is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the mass percentage of organic matters is more than or equal to 15 percent;
during the fertilization period, paying attention to field management, arranging personnel to observe the blooming condition of the cassava every 3 days, and protecting the blooming buds in severe weather if the blooming buds appear.
Analysis of the results of the two examples shows that: according to the method for inducing the cassava to bloom, reasonable and targeted fertilization is carried out in each stage by adopting reasonable flower promoting measures in each stage of the cassava, surplus nutrition is prevented, the cassava seed stems are subjected to flowering induction, meanwhile, redundant axillary buds and branches are removed, the nutrition is prevented from being dispersed and absorbed, and therefore the cassava blossoming is promoted, the cassava can bloom successively from the middle of 9 months until all the cassava blossoms planted before the end of the year are realized.

Claims (7)

1. Method for inducing flowering in cassava, comprising the steps of:
s1, selecting a cassava planting field, selecting tropical and subtropical marginal areas, and selecting a place which has less accumulated water, less gravel and is not often attacked by strong wind to cultivate the cassava;
s2, preparing soil of the cassava planting field, ridging according to the row spacing of 1.0-1.2 m, and arranging planting holes with the row spacing of 1 m x 1 m on the ridges;
s3, improving the cassava planting field, and applying a base fertilizer in a mulching film cultivation mode;
s4, selecting cassava seed stems, selecting the middle and lower sections of cassava main stems which are free of diseases and insects, have milk at the cut, are not damaged, are fully aged, are fresh, have intact bud points and have thick stems as seed stems, and processing the selected seed stems;
s5, planting the selected cassava seed stems, wherein the planting method adopts a horizontal placement method or an oblique insertion method, and the planting density is 600-;
s6, topdressing the cassava to induce the cassava to bloom, wherein the topdressing time is 40-60 days after planting, and phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of cassava field to promote the cassava to bloom;
s7, after topdressing, flower promoting and flower keeping are carried out, a flower promoting fertilizer is used, the flower promoting fertilizer adopts a root application mode, and N + P in the flower promoting fertilizer2O5+K2The mass percentage of ONot less than 5 percent, not less than 10 percent of trace elements and not less than 15 percent of organic matters.
2. The method for inducing flowering of cassava according to claim 1, wherein in S2, deep ploughing and harrowing are performed while soil is prepared, wherein the soil is ploughed deeply by 30 cm, and the deep ploughing and harrowing is performed by means of mechanical ploughing, and the soil is thickened by means of a wave-lifting method.
3. The method for inducing cassava to bloom as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S5, furrows are raised on the prepared land at row spacing, the required fertilizer is applied to the middle of the furrow at one time and the soil is uniformly mixed, 500-750 kg of farmyard manure, 25 kg of compound fertilizer, 20 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 25 kg of potassium fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied to each mu of land, a mulching film with the width of 1 meter is covered on the surface of the furrow, the periphery of the mulching film is compacted by the soil, cassava seed stems are inserted into the two sides of the mulching film at the row spacing, and the seed stems are exposed out of the ground by 3-5 cm.
4. The method for inducing flowering of cassava according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the selected seed stems are chopped into stem segments before planting, the length of the stem segments is controlled to be about 10-15cm after the seed stems are selected, and the bud points are kept intact, the buds are not broken, and the cuts are smooth when the seed stems are chopped.
5. The method for inducing flowering of cassava according to claim 1, wherein, in S5, seed stems of cassava are planted earlier at the bottom of 3 months of each year.
6. The method for inducing flowering of cassava according to claim 1, wherein in S6, the phosphate fertilizer is calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is uniformly sprinkled on the planting land according to 30-50kg per mu, the potassium fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution accounts for 1% by weight, and the fertilizer is sprinkled on the leaf surface for 2-3 times.
7. The method for inducing flowering of cassava according to claim 1, wherein in S6, when protecting flower buds, other axillary buds are removed in time, only flower buds are left, and newly grown branches are removed.
CN202010723894.2A 2020-07-24 2020-07-24 Method for inducing cassava to bloom Pending CN111837852A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112715304A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-30 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava
CN116267559A (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-06-23 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Cultivation method for promoting flowering of cassava

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CN108464144A (en) * 2018-04-16 2018-08-31 广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室 A method of induction cassava blooms
CN110199809A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-09-06 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 A kind of efficient construction method of cassava inbred line population material

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CN103733859A (en) * 2014-01-08 2014-04-23 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所 Cassava blossoming regulation and control technology
CN104429929A (en) * 2014-11-26 2015-03-25 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所 Bisexual flower breeding method of manihot esculenta grant
CN108464144A (en) * 2018-04-16 2018-08-31 广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室 A method of induction cassava blooms
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112715304A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-30 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava
CN112715304B (en) * 2020-12-29 2022-05-20 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Cultivation method for improving blooming of cassava
CN116267559A (en) * 2023-04-19 2023-06-23 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Cultivation method for promoting flowering of cassava

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Application publication date: 20201030