CN110558191B - Method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacle through combined green pressing of rape and onion - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacles through rape and onion combined green pressing. The method is realized by the following steps: firstly planting onion and rape, then carrying out rotary tillage and green pressing after the rape enters a full-bloom stage, spraying an inhibitor, sowing peanuts, and harvesting through field management. According to the green pressing method, the rape and the onion are combined to be green pressed, the soil texture can be improved after green pressing, the soil texture is loose and fertile, the organic matter content is increased, meanwhile, the probability of peanut diseases and insect pests can be obviously reduced after green pressing, and the yield and the quality of peanuts are improved; through the green pressing technology, trace elements required in the growth and development process of the peanuts can be provided, the continuous cropping obstacle of the peanuts can be repaired, meanwhile, the self-toxicity resistance of the peanut plants can be improved, the stress resistance of the peanuts can be enhanced, and no peculiar smell can be generated after green pressing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacles through rape and onion combined green pressing.
Background
Peanuts are important oil crops and economic crops in China, the perennial planting area of the peanuts is 7000 ten thousand mu, the annual total yield is about 1700 ten thousand tons, and the third area, the total yield and the unit area oil yield all dominate in main oil crops. The peanut is a crop sensitive to continuous cropping, the pod yield of the peanut is reduced by 19.8-33.4% in 2-3 years of continuous cropping, and the quality of the peanut is reduced.
As the peanuts have the characteristics of drought resistance and barren resistance, in hilly and dry farmland in a presbyopia production area, the peanuts can still obtain certain income compared with other crops, and continuous cropping is forced. And from the aspect of agricultural operation, the economic benefit of peanut planting is obviously higher than that of grain crops, the area of peanuts is enlarged, and continuous cropping inevitably occurs. In order to realize the industrialization of the peanut production in the local area, the peanut centralized production area advocates and encourages large-area peanut cultivation, and the peanut cultivation area exceeds more than 50% of the cultivated area, which inevitably leads to continuous cropping. Based on the reasons, the continuous cropping area of peanuts in China currently tends to increase year by year. The peanut plants in the continuous cropping field grow slowly, the plants are short and small, the pod yield is reduced, and the symptoms are more obvious along with the increase of the continuous cropping age. The continuous cropping increases the plant diseases and insect pests of the peanut plants, and the longer the continuous cropping year is, the more serious the plant diseases and insect pests are. The contents of available phosphorus, available potassium and nitrate nitrogen of peanut continuous cropping plants are obviously reduced, and the contents of phosphorus and potassium are continuously reduced along with the extension of continuous cropping years. Causing the growth and development of the peanuts to be influenced.
Chinese patent application CN107114105A discloses a method for repairing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by wheat green pressing technology, which repairs peanut continuous cropping obstacles by wheat green pressing and increases yield and income, but the method has less yield increase and less reduction of the fatality rate of peanuts. At present, when the continuous cropping obstacles of peanuts are repaired by crop greening, a single crop is adopted for greening, the effect needs to be improved, and after the existing greening, the problems of peculiar smell, pathogen infection and the like of the peanuts are easily caused due to the fact that fresh plants are rotarily planted into soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by performing combined green pressing on rape and onion.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
the invention provides a method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by rape and onion combined green pressing, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planting onions: selecting red-skin onion variety, sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 0.5-0.8 cm, the sowing width is 20-25cm, and the interval between every two large rows of onions is 35-40 cm;
(2) planting rape: selecting a winter variety with high quality, disease resistance, high yield, salt and alkali resistance and concentrated low-temperature-resistant flowering phase, sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, generally no later than 10 months and no more than 5 days, and the rape is sown in a gap between two large rows of onions;
(3) pressing green: pressing green of the whole rape and onion plants by a rotary cultivator when the rape enters the full-bloom stage, and spraying a green pressing subsequent inhibitor on the surface after green pressing;
(4) spraying an inhibitor for 24 hours, then fertilizing, and carrying out rotary tillage application;
(5) peanut seeding: when the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is rubbed by hands to be loose, the water content of the soil is 60-70%, if the soil is not reached in spring and drought, small water is used for moistening irrigation or sprinkling irrigation to form soil moisture, then ridge forming and seeding are carried out, the ridge width is 90-95cm, the row spacing on the ridge is 40-45cm, and the hole spacing is 15 cm;
(6) field management: managing in seedling stage, timely digging film and putting seedling, cleaning, controlling the stem when the stem is 28-30cm high, reducing the stem for several times, ensuring the plant height to be controlled at 40-45cm during harvesting, spraying monopotassium phosphate and foliar fertilizer on the leaf surface in full fruit stage, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.
(7) Harvesting in a proper period: the peanut is suitable for harvest when most of leaves at the middle and lower parts of the stem turn yellow and fall off, 4-5 green leaves remain at the upper part, or more than 80% of pods at the lower part are full.
Further, the subsequent green pressing inhibitor is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.2-0.3% of zinc chloride, 20-30% of activated carbon, 3-4% of magnesium oxide, 6-8% of Arabic gum, 5-8% of polyethylene glycol and the balance of water.
The molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 200-600.
The preparation method of the green pressing subsequent inhibitor used by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing activated carbon, Arabic gum and water, and uniformly stirring to form a uniform solution A;
(2) uniformly mixing zinc chloride, magnesium oxide and polyethylene glycol to form a uniform solution B;
(3) slowly pouring the solution B into the solution A, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out homogenization treatment.
Further, the homogenizing pressure is 8-10mpa, the temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the treatment time is 15 min.
Rape and onion are planted in autumn, rape plants are smashed and pressed to be green after the rape enters a flowering period to serve as a base fertilizer, nutrient and organic matters contained in rape straws are more in the flowering period, the nutrient characteristics of the rape plants are that nitrogen is less, phosphorus and potassium are more, bacteriocin and the like contained in the onion and the straws thereof can obviously reduce the peanut infection probability, under the synergistic effect of the rape and the onion, the application amount of chemical fertilizer and the usage amount of pesticide in the peanut planting process are reduced, the soil condition is improved, and the deterioration of soil environment and unbalanced nutrients in the field caused by single peanut planting for a long time are avoided. Not only improves the soil fertility and the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also reduces weeds, lightens the harm of diseases and pests of peanuts, improves the yield and the quality of the peanuts and increases the output value of the peanuts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the green pressing method, the rape and the onion are combined to be green pressed, the soil texture can be improved after green pressing, the soil texture is loose and fertile, the organic matter content is increased, meanwhile, the probability of peanut diseases and insect pests can be obviously reduced after green pressing, and the yield and the quality of peanuts are improved;
(2) through the green pressing technology, trace elements required in the growth and development process of the peanuts can be provided, the continuous cropping obstacle of the peanuts can be repaired, meanwhile, the self-toxicity resistance of the peanut plants can be improved, the stress resistance of the peanuts can be enhanced, and no peculiar smell can be generated after green pressing.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained and illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A method for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle by rape and onion combined green pressing comprises the following steps:
(1) planting onions: selecting red-skin onion varieties, and sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 0.5-0.8 cm, the sowing width is 20cm, and the interval between every two large rows of onions is 35 cm;
(2) planting rape: selecting a winter variety with high quality, disease resistance, high yield, salt and alkali resistance and concentrated low-temperature-resistant flowering phase, sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, generally no later than 10 months and no more than 5 days, and the rape is sown in a gap between two large rows of onions;
(3) pressing green: pressing green of the whole rape and onion plants by a rotary cultivator when the rape enters the full-bloom stage, and spraying a green pressing subsequent inhibitor on the surface after green pressing;
the green pressing subsequent inhibitor is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.3% of zinc chloride, 25% of activated carbon, 3.5% of magnesium oxide, 8% of Arabic gum, 6% of polyethylene glycol and the balance of water;
the preparation method of the green pressing subsequent inhibitor comprises the following steps:
A. mixing activated carbon, Arabic gum and water, and uniformly stirring to form a uniform solution A;
B. uniformly mixing zinc chloride, magnesium oxide and polyethylene glycol to form a uniform solution B;
C. slowly pouring the solution B into the solution A, uniformly mixing, and homogenizing at 30-35 deg.C under 8-10mpa for 15 min.
(4) Spraying an inhibitor for 24 hours, then fertilizing, and carrying out rotary tillage application;
(5) peanut seeding: when the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is rubbed by hands to be loose, the water content of the soil is 60-70%, if the soil is not reached in spring and drought, small water is used for moistening irrigation or sprinkling irrigation to form soil moisture, then ridging and sowing are carried out, the ridge width is 90cm, the row spacing on the ridge is 40cm, and the hole spacing is 15 cm;
(6) field management: managing in seedling stage, timely digging film and putting seedlings, cleaning the seedlings, starting chemical control when the main stem is 28-30cm high, reducing the quantity for several times, ensuring that the plant height is controlled at 40-45cm during harvesting, spraying monopotassium phosphate and foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces in full fruit stage, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(7) Harvesting in a proper period: the peanut is suitable for harvest when most of leaves at the middle and lower parts of the stem turn yellow and fall off, 4-5 green leaves remain at the upper part, or more than 80% of pods at the lower part are full.
Example 2
A method for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle by rape and onion combined green pressing comprises the following steps:
(1) planting onions: selecting red-skin onion varieties, and sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 0.5-0.8 cm, the sowing width is 35cm, and the interval between every two large rows of onions is 40 cm;
(2) planting rape: selecting a winter variety with high quality, disease resistance, high yield, salt and alkali resistance and concentrated low-temperature-resistant flowering phase, sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, generally no later than 10 months and no more than 5 days, and the rape is sown in a gap between two large rows of onions;
(3) pressing green: pressing green of the whole rape and onion plants by a rotary cultivator when the rape enters the full-bloom stage, and spraying a green pressing subsequent inhibitor on the surface after green pressing;
the green pressing subsequent inhibitor is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.2% of zinc chloride, 30% of activated carbon, 4% of magnesium oxide, 6% of Arabic gum, 8% of polyethylene glycol and the balance of water; the preparation method is the same as that of example 1;
(4) spraying an inhibitor for 24 hours, then fertilizing, and carrying out rotary tillage application;
(5) peanut seeding: when the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is rubbed by hands to be loose, the water content of the soil is 60-70%, if the soil is not reached in spring and drought, small water is used for moistening irrigation or sprinkling irrigation to form soil moisture, then ridging and sowing are carried out, the ridge width is 90cm, the row spacing on the ridge is 40cm, and the hole spacing is 15 cm;
(6) field management: managing in seedling stage, timely digging film and putting seedlings, cleaning the seedlings, starting chemical control when the main stem is 28-30cm high, reducing the quantity for several times, ensuring that the plant height is controlled at 40-45cm during harvesting, spraying monopotassium phosphate and foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces in full fruit stage, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(7) Harvesting in a proper period: the peanut is suitable for harvest when most of leaves at the middle and lower parts of the stem turn yellow and fall off, 4-5 green leaves remain at the upper part, or more than 80% of pods at the lower part are full.
Comparative example 1
A method for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle by onion green pressing comprises the following steps:
(1) planting onions: selecting red skin onion variety, sowing at the end of 9 months with the sowing depth of 0.5-0.8 cm,
(2) pressing green: pressing green of the whole onion plant by a rotary cultivator in the month of full bloom period of rape, and spraying a green pressing subsequent inhibitor on the surface after green pressing (same as the embodiment 1);
(3) spraying an inhibitor for 24 hours, then fertilizing, and carrying out rotary tillage application;
(4) peanut seeding: when the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is rubbed by hands to be loose, the water content of the soil is 60-70%, if the soil is not reached in spring and drought, small water is used for moistening irrigation or sprinkling irrigation to form soil moisture, then ridging and sowing are carried out, the ridge width is 90cm, the row spacing on the ridge is 40cm, and the hole spacing is 15 cm;
(5) field management: managing in seedling stage, timely digging film and putting seedlings, cleaning the seedlings, starting chemical control when the main stem is 28-30cm high, reducing the quantity for several times, ensuring that the plant height is controlled at 40-45cm during harvesting, spraying monopotassium phosphate and foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces in full fruit stage, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(6) Harvesting in a proper period: the peanut is suitable for harvest when most of leaves at the middle and lower parts of the stem turn yellow and fall off, 4-5 green leaves remain at the upper part, or more than 80% of pods at the lower part are full.
Comparative example 2
A method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by rape green pressing comprises the following steps:
(1) planting rape: selecting a winter variety with high quality, disease resistance, high yield, salt and alkali resistance and concentrated low-temperature-resistant flowering phase, sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, generally no later than 10 months and no more than 5 days, and the rape is sown in a gap between two large rows of onions;
(2) pressing green: pressing green of the whole rape plant by a rotary cultivator when the rape enters the full-bloom stage, and spraying a green pressing subsequent inhibitor on the surface after green pressing (the same as the embodiment 1);
(3) spraying an inhibitor for 24 hours, then fertilizing, and carrying out rotary tillage application;
(4) peanut seeding: when the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is rubbed by hands to be loose, the water content of the soil is 60-70%, if the soil is not reached in spring and drought, small water is used for moistening irrigation or sprinkling irrigation to form soil moisture, then ridging and sowing are carried out, the ridge width is 90cm, the row spacing on the ridge is 40cm, and the hole spacing is 15 cm;
(5) field management: managing in seedling stage, timely digging film and putting seedlings, cleaning the seedlings, starting chemical control when the main stem is 28-30cm high, reducing the quantity for several times, ensuring that the plant height is controlled at 40-45cm during harvesting, spraying monopotassium phosphate and foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces in full fruit stage, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(6) Harvesting in a proper period: the peanut is suitable for harvest when most of leaves at the middle and lower parts of the stem turn yellow and fall off, 4-5 green leaves remain at the upper part, or more than 80% of pods at the lower part are full.
Comparative example 3
A method for relieving peanut continuous cropping obstacle by rape and onion combined green pressing comprises the following steps:
(1) planting onions: selecting red-skin onion varieties, and sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 0.5-0.8 cm, the sowing width is 20cm, and the interval between every two large rows of onions is 35 cm;
(2) planting rape: selecting a winter variety with high quality, disease resistance, high yield, salt and alkali resistance and concentrated low-temperature-resistant flowering phase, sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, generally no later than 10 months and no more than 5 days, and the rape is sown in a gap between two large rows of onions;
(3) pressing green: pressing the rape and the onion plant into green by a rotary cultivator when the rape enters the full-bloom period, and applying fertilizer in a rotary tillage way;
(5) peanut seeding: when the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is rubbed by hands to be loose, the water content of the soil is 60-70%, if the soil is not reached in spring and drought, small water is used for moistening irrigation or sprinkling irrigation to form soil moisture, then ridging and sowing are carried out, the ridge width is 90cm, the row spacing on the ridge is 40cm, and the hole spacing is 15 cm;
(6) field management: managing in seedling stage, timely digging film and putting seedlings, cleaning the seedlings, starting chemical control when the main stem is 28-30cm high, reducing the quantity for several times, ensuring that the plant height is controlled at 40-45cm during harvesting, spraying monopotassium phosphate and foliar fertilizer on leaf surfaces in full fruit stage, and continuously spraying for 2 times.
(7) Harvesting in a proper period: the peanut is suitable for harvest when most of leaves at the middle and lower parts of the stem turn yellow and fall off, 4-5 green leaves remain at the upper part, or more than 80% of pods at the lower part are full.
It is noted that in comparative example 3, after peanut seeding by green pressing, the field had a pungent odor.
Firstly, the planting method provided by the embodiment 1-2 and the comparative example 1-3 is carried out after green pressing and then planting, the planting test field selects Dezhou linyi in Shandong province, the peanut variety is Huayu 25, meanwhile, a control group is set, the control group is that green pressing technology is not adopted, peanuts are directly and continuously planted, and N-P is adopted in all groups2O5-K2The compound fertilizer special for peanuts with O of 15-10-15 (the invention uses the special fertilizer for Strychnos paniculatus) has the advantages that the fertilizing amount of the embodiment and the comparative example is only half of that of the control group, 40kg of chemical fertilizer is applied to each mu of the control group, 20kg of chemical fertilizer is applied to the embodiment and the comparative example in the invention, after clearing, the mortality rate such as root rot and the like and the seedling withering rate of peanuts in the growth process are counted, the seedling withering rate is uniformly counted, the yield of pods is counted after harvesting, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
And (II) randomly selecting 150 peanuts from the peanuts planted in the examples, the comparative examples and the control group, and counting the plump fruit number and the kernel weight of each plant, wherein the specific results are shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2
Thirdly, taking undisturbed soil by adopting a 100cm3 cutting ring in the mature period of the peanuts, naturally drying the taken soil sample, measuring the content of active organic matters in the soil by adopting a potassium permanganate oxidation method, and measuring and calculating the physicochemical properties of the soil, including the active organic matters, the field water capacity of the soil, the capillary porosity and the soil ventilation degree, according to a standard method LY/T1215-1999, wherein the specific results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Claims (4)
1. A method for removing peanut continuous cropping obstacles by rape and onion combined green pressing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planting onions: selecting red-skin onion variety, sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 0.5-0.8 cm, the sowing width is 20-25cm, and the interval between every two large rows of onions is 35-40 cm;
(2) planting rape: selecting a winter variety with high quality, disease resistance, high yield, salt and alkali resistance and concentrated low-temperature-resistant flowering phase, sowing at the end of 9 months, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3cm, generally no later than 10 months and no more than 5 days, and the rape is sown in a gap between two large rows of onions;
(3) pressing green: pressing green of the whole rape and onion plants by a rotary cultivator when the rape enters the full-bloom stage, and spraying a green pressing subsequent inhibitor on the surface after green pressing;
the green pressing subsequent inhibitor is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0.2-0.3% of zinc chloride, 20-30% of activated carbon, 3-4% of magnesium oxide, 6-8% of Arabic gum, 5-8% of polyethylene glycol and the balance of water;
(4) spraying an inhibitor for 24 hours, then fertilizing, and carrying out rotary tillage application;
(5) peanut seeding: when the soil in the plough layer is held by hands to be agglomerated and is rubbed by hands to be loose, the water content of the soil is 60-70%, if the soil is not reached in spring and drought, small water is used for moistening irrigation or sprinkling irrigation to form soil moisture, then ridge forming and seeding are carried out, the ridge width is 90-95cm, the row spacing on the ridge is 40-45cm, and the hole spacing is 15 cm;
(6) field management: managing in seedling stage, timely digging film and putting seedling, cleaning, controlling the stem when the stem is 28-30cm high, reducing the stem for several times, ensuring the plant height to be controlled at 40-45cm during harvesting, spraying monopotassium phosphate and foliar fertilizer on the leaf surface in full fruit stage, and continuously spraying for 2-3 times.
(7) Harvesting in a proper period: the peanut is suitable for harvest when most of leaves at the middle and lower parts of the stem turn yellow and fall off, 4-5 green leaves remain at the upper part, or more than 80% of pods at the lower part are full.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 200-600.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the subsequent inhibitor of azure pressing is prepared as follows:
(1) mixing activated carbon, Arabic gum and water, and uniformly stirring to form a uniform solution A;
(2) uniformly mixing zinc chloride, magnesium oxide and polyethylene glycol to form a uniform solution B;
(3) slowly pouring the solution B into the solution A, uniformly mixing, and then carrying out homogenization treatment.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the homogenization treatment is carried out at a pressure of 8-10mpa, a temperature of 30-35 ℃ and a treatment time of 15 min.
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