CN110476739B - Method suitable for planting capsicum in Hainan province - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method suitable for planting pepper in Hainan area, which comprises the steps of variety selection, seed soaking and germination acceleration, nutrient soil preparation, seeding and seedling raising, soil preparation, planting, ecological-friendly fertilization, water management, weeding and hilling, pruning, pest control, fruit harvesting and the like. The method for planting the peppers in Hainan area is suitable for planting the peppers in Hainan area, the nutrient proportion and application time of the fertilizer are reasonable, the problem that the nutrient application is inconsistent with the nutrient requirement of the peppers can be solved, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, the ecological influence caused by nutrient loss is reduced, the plant disease and insect pest problem is reduced, the application cost of the fertilizer can be reduced by 40 yuan/mu, the product quality is improved, and ecological friendly planting of the Hainan peppers is realized.

Description

Method suitable for planting capsicum in Hainan province

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of planting, relates to a pepper planting method, and particularly relates to a method suitable for planting peppers in Hainan province.

Background

The pumpkin and vegetable are used as the supporting industry for agricultural efficiency improvement and farmer income increase in Hainan province. The planting area of the winter melon and vegetable in 2018 is about 300 ten thousand mu, the pepper is complete in planting variety as one of main crops of the winter melon and vegetable, the green pepper, the linear pepper, the sharp pepper and the pod pepper occupy the mainstream, the planting area is continuously increased, and the planting area is about 80 ten thousand mu. The pepper is mainly cultivated in winter in Hainan province, and is generally planted in 9-10 months.

The Hainan soil is generally acidic, and further acidification and soil nutrient deficiency are caused in the long-term utilization process. Research shows that in the 21 st century, compared with the 50 s, the proportion of the pH of the soil in the whole island is obviously increased, so that the fertilizer effect is poor, the yield is low, the phenomena of root rot and root death are serious, and the disease and insect pest incidence rate is obviously increased.

At present, the planting of the hot pepper in Hainan still has a plurality of problems in the aspects of nutrient management, particularly fertilization, so that the yield and the quality of the hot pepper are influenced, and the price is low, even the sale is delayed and the like. In the traditional nutrient management of the peppers, from base fertilizer to additional fertilizer, the fertilizer is large in using amount and unreasonable in application, so that more available nutrients are lost and leached, the non-point source pollution is aggravated, and the ecological environment is damaged; meanwhile, the growth of plants is deteriorated, the plant diseases and insect pests are aggravated, and the use amount of pesticides is greatly increased.

The hot pepper is mainly rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but the proportion is reasonable. The application of nitrogen fertilizer is deviated, so that the plant overgrows easily, the flowering and fruiting are not facilitated, the requirements on phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are high, the robust growth of the plant is facilitated, the flowering and fruiting are promoted, and the quality is improved. When the nitrogen is deficient, the lower blades are easy to age and fall off; the phosphorus deficiency can reduce the quality of flowers and the number of flowers; when the potassium is deficient, the leaf apex becomes yellow, the leaf is dry, and large irregular spots are generated on the leaf surface; navel rot easily occurs when calcium deficiency occurs; due to the lack of boron, the growing point of the pepper plant can be malformed or necrotized, and the growth is stopped or is atrophied; when the iron is deficient, the leaves are yellow and white; when the magnesium is deficient, the color of the leaves changes to green, the veins are yellow, the plants are short and small, the leaves at the base part fall off, the fruit setting is less, and the like. Therefore, on the basis of the characteristics of the Hainan soil, the fertilizer and the fertilization technology for pepper planting have high yield, high efficiency and ecological environmental protection requirements, and how to select an appropriate fertilizer and a planting method according to the characteristics of nutrient requirements of the pepper and the fertility condition of the planting soil so as to solve a plurality of problems in the traditional pepper cultivation and realize ecological friendly fertilization, high quality and high yield of the Hainan pepper planting is imperative.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method which has more reasonable fertilization proportion and fertilization amount, greatly reduces plant diseases and insect pests, obviously promotes the growth of hot pepper, increases the yield, improves the quality and is environment-friendly and suitable for planting hot pepper in Hainan province.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for planting the pepper in Hainan area comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting a disease-resistant pepper variety with excellent commodity character and storage and transportation resistance;

(2) seed soaking and germination accelerating:

a. soaking the pepper seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 15-20 minutes, cooling to normal temperature, and fishing out and cleaning;

b. soaking the cleaned pepper seeds in water at normal temperature for 4-5 hours, taking out the pepper seeds, and soaking the pepper seeds in a natural sterilizing solution containing ginger, white spirit and salt for 10-20 minutes;

c. then transferring the mixture into a trisodium phosphate solution with the concentration of 10 percent to be soaked for 10 to 20 minutes, fishing out and cleaning the mixture, and draining the water;

d. soaking the pepper seeds, wrapping the pepper seeds with clean gauze, and then carrying out variable-temperature or constant-temperature moisture preservation and germination acceleration at the temperature of 25-30 ℃;

(3) preparing nutrient soil:

taking clean red soil, pig manure, burnt soil and corroded branches and leaves of the peppers which are not planted, fully mixing, adding 0.2-0.3 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per hundred kg, and mixing again to obtain nutrient soil;

(4) sowing and seedling raising: before sowing, the nutrient soil is put into a soft disc with 100 holes, water is poured sufficiently, 1 seed is sowed in each hole with the depth of 0.5-1.0 cm, a layer of thin nutrient soil is spread, and finally, a sunshade net or a plastic mulching film is covered, so that 2-3 true-leaf seedlings grow;

(5) land preparation: deeply ploughing and drying the field 15-20 days before planting; tedding for 2 times, and raking and leveling the clod blocks; combining plowing and harrowing, sowing the farmland with the width of 130-150 cm and the height of 35-40 cm, applying a soil nutrient fertilizer, planting in double rows, and then covering a mulching film with the width of 80-90 cm; the soil nutrient fertilizer contains the following components in each mu of land: 1000-1500 kg/mu of a sugarcane residue fertilizer containing bacillus, 30-40 kg of a cake fertilizer, 40-50 kg of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25-35 kg of a formula fertilizer (22-10-20); raking 50-60% of the soil nutrient fertilizer by weight in a garden, then spreading the fertilizer on the whole, and making two ditches in planting rows after the balance is made into furrows;

(6) planting:

a. planting density: planting in double rows, wherein the row spacing is 65-75 cm, and the plant spacing is 30-35 cm;

b. the planting time is as follows: planting in the afternoon of a sunny day or in a cloudy day in a rainless time;

c. the planting method comprises the following steps: keeping the nutrient soil intact during seedling taking, wherein the planting depth is 0.8-1.2 cm from the surface of the seed leaf ridge, pouring enough root fixing water after planting, and sealing and tightly fixing the planting hole;

(7) fertilizing: an ecological friendly package fertilization method is adopted; applying a seedling-lifting fertilizer 5-6 days after field planting, wherein the seedling-lifting fertilizer is as follows: 15-20 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (21-9-11) is applied to each mu; and (3) after the field planting for 20-25 days, re-applying the fruit-hanging fertilizer once, wherein the fruit-hanging fertilizer is as follows: applying 30-35 kg of poly-ammonium zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) to each mu, scattering the poly-ammonium zinc compound fertilizer in the middle of a furrow, then intertillage, taking soil from the furrow, and burying the fruit-bearing fertilizer; when picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer, wherein the fruit picking fertilizer comprises the following components: applying 10-15 kg of polyammonium zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) per mu, picking fruits and applying fruit picking fertilizer once per mu, and simultaneously watering with water;

(8) water content management: irrigating for 1 time 5-7 days after planting; properly controlling the water content after seedling slowing to before initial flowering, promoting the root system to deeply prick a soil layer, and promoting the plant to be short and strong; after blooming and fruiting, sufficient water is kept, and water is irrigated for 1 time every 8-12 days; the irrigation adopts shallow ditch irrigation and quick drainage; draining accumulated water in the field in time in rainy days; drip irrigation is carried out under the film, 1 time of drip irrigation is carried out every 4-5 days in sunny days, 3-4 cubic meters per mu of water is dripped every time, and the drip irrigation is carried out within 24 hours;

(9) weeding and ridging: mulching, removing weeds at the edges of the ditches in time, clearing the ditches and ridging in combination with weeding, and removing the weeds in the planting holes by hands;

(10) pruning: after the initial fruit period, the axillary buds, old, sick and residual leaves below the zanthoxylum bungeanum are removed in time;

(11) and (3) pest control: prevention is mainly carried out, and comprehensive prevention and control are carried out; agricultural control, physical control and biological control are mainly used, and chemical control is used as an auxiliary;

(12) harvesting fruits: harvesting in batches, wherein the first batch of fruits are harvested 20 days after the fruits begin to set, and are harvested once every 5 days;

further, the natural sterilizing solution is prepared by uniformly mixing and soaking the following components in parts by weight for 30-60 minutes and then filtering the mixture: 20-40 parts of ginger, 1-5 parts of white spirit, 5-10 parts of salt and 50-70 parts of sterile water.

Further, the clean red soil, the pig manure, the burnt soil and the corroded branches and leaves of the peppers are respectively in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of clean red soil, 10-20 parts of pig manure, 10-20 parts of burnt soil and 20-30 parts of corroded pepper branches and leaves.

Further, the sugarcane residue fertilizer containing the bacillus is obtained by mixing 10-20 parts of waste pepper branches and leaves, 30-40 parts of bagasse, 5-10 parts of brown sugar, 5-10 parts of bacillus and 30-50 parts of water and then fermenting.

Further, in the step (5), lime is scattered to the field blocks by 80-100 kg/mu before plowing.

Further, in the step (5), the formulated fertilizer is prepared by mixing controlled release urea, synergistic urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the controlled release urea: synergistic urea: the weight ratio of urea is 2: 4: 4.

the method for planting the peppers in Hainan area has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the germination accelerating effect is good. According to the invention, after pepper seeds are soaked in the natural sterilizing solution containing ginger, white spirit and salt, the germination rate of the pepper seeds is high, and the germination accelerating effect is very good.

2. The fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and the nutrient loss is reduced. The fertilizer has the advantages that the proper nutrient proportion and the reasonable application time are realized, the loss amount of various ways such as leaching and volatilization of the fertilizer is reduced, a proper amount of sufficient nutrients are provided for normal growth of the hot pepper, and the nutrient utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved. And moreover, the branches and leaves of the pepper discarded in other planting processes and other raw materials are made into nutrient soil and fertilizer, so that pepper plants can be quickly adapted to the fertilizer in the seedling stage and the later stage, thereby effectively absorbing nutrients and promoting growth.

3. The yield and the quality of the pepper are improved. Because the nutrient supply is sufficient and the proportion is reasonable, the absorption of different nutrients is mutually promoted, the plant shape is good, the pepper yield is improved, and meanwhile, because of the reasonable matching of quality elements, the quality and the commodity of the pepper are ensured.

4. Is ecological and environment-friendly. The fertilizer is less in waste and environment-friendly, improves the stress resistance of plants, enables the plants to be robust, is low in pest and disease incidence rate, greatly reduces the use amount of pesticides, reduces unsafe factors, and is environment-friendly.

Detailed Description

Example 1

The invention relates to a method suitable for planting capsicum in Hainan, which comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting a disease-resistant variety (bell pepper) with excellent commodity character and storage and transportation resistance;

(2) seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking the seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ for 20 minutes, cooling to normal temperature, fishing out and cleaning, soaking the seeds in the water at normal temperature for 4 hours, and soaking the seeds in a natural sterilizing solution containing 20 parts of ginger, 1 part of white spirit, 5 parts of salt and 74 parts of sterile water for 10 minutes; then the mixture is transferred into trisodium phosphate solution with the concentration of 10 percent to be soaked for 20 minutes, and then the mixture is fished out and cleaned, and the water is drained. After the seeds are well soaked, wrapping the seeds with clean gauze, and then placing the seeds at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ for moisturizing and accelerating germination;

(3) preparing nutrient soil: taking 30 parts of clean red soil (clean red soil without planting solanaceae crops), 10 parts of pig manure residues, 20 parts of 1/3 burnt soil and 30 parts of corroded pepper branches and leaves, fully mixing, adding 0.25 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per hundred kg, and mixing to prepare nutrient soil;

(4) sowing and seedling raising: before sowing, firstly, putting nutrient soil into a soft disc with 100 holes, pouring enough water, sowing seeds 1 grain per hole with the depth of about 0.5 cm, then, scattering a layer of thin nutrient soil, and finally, covering a sunshade net, wherein seedlings grow to 2 true leaf seedlings;

(5) land preparation: deeply ploughing and drying the field 15 days before planting; spreading 80 kilograms of lime to the field blocks before plowing and harrowing, tedding for 2 times, harrowing and leveling the soil blocks; combining plowing and harrowing, wherein the width of a furrow is 130 cm, the height of the furrow is 35 cm, soil nutrient fertilizer is spread, double-row planting is carried out, and then a 90 cm wide mulching film is covered; the soil nutrient fertilizer contains the following components in each mu of land: 1000 kilograms of bacillus-containing bagasse fertilizer per mu, 30 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 40 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25 kilograms of formula fertilizer (22-10-20); harrowing 60 wt% of soil nutrient fertilizer in a garden and then spreading the fertilizer in a comprehensive way, and making beds with the rest of soil nutrient fertilizer and then applying the beds in double ditches in planting rows; the bacillus-containing sugarcane residue fertilizer is obtained by mixing 20 parts of waste pepper branches and leaves, 30 parts of bagasse, 10 parts of brown sugar, 5 parts of bacillus and 35 parts of water and then fermenting; the formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing controlled release urea, synergistic urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the controlled release urea comprises the following components in parts by weight: synergistic urea: the weight ratio of urea is 2: 4: 4;

(6) planting:

a. planting density: planting in double rows with row spacing of 65 cm and plant spacing of 30 cm;

b. the planting time is as follows: planting in the afternoon of a sunny day or in a cloudy day in a rainless time;

c. the planting method comprises the following steps: keeping the nutrition soil intact during seedling taking, planting at a planting depth of 1 cm from the surface of the seed leaf, pouring sufficient root fixing water after planting, and sealing and fixing the planting hole;

(7) fertilizing: an ecological friendly fertilization method is adopted; 5 days after planting, applying a seedling extracting fertilizer once, wherein the seedling extracting fertilizer comprises the following components: 15 kilograms of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (21-9-11) is applied to each mu; and (3) after the field planting for 20 days, applying the fruit-bearing fertilizer once again, wherein the fruit-bearing fertilizer comprises the following components: 30 kilograms of poly-ammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) is applied to each mu of land, the poly-ammonium-zinc compound fertilizer is spread in the middle of a furrow, then intertillage is carried out, soil is taken from the furrow, and the fruit-bearing fertilizer is buried; during fruit picking, applying fruit picking fertilizer: applying 10 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) per mu, picking fruits and applying fertilizer once, and simultaneously watering with water;

(8) water content management: irrigating water for 1 time 5 days after planting. Properly controlling the water content after seedling slowing to before initial flowering, promoting the root system to deeply prick a soil layer and promoting the plant to be short and strong. After blooming and bearing fruit, enough water is kept, and water is irrigated for 1 time every 10 days. The irrigation adopts shallow ditch irrigation and quick drainage. And draining accumulated water in the field in time in rainy days. Drip irrigation for cultivation under a film is adopted, 1 time of drip irrigation is carried out every 4 days in sunny days, 3 cubic meters per mu of water is dripped every time, and the drip irrigation is carried out within 24 hours;

(9) weeding and ridging: mulching, removing weeds at the edges of the ditches in time, clearing the ditches and ridging in combination with weeding, and removing the weeds in the planting holes by hands;

(10) pruning: after the initial fruit period, the axillary buds, old, sick and residual leaves below the zanthoxylum bungeanum are removed in time;

(11) and (3) pest control: prevention is mainly carried out, and comprehensive prevention and control are carried out; agricultural control, physical control and biological control are mainly used, and chemical control is used as an auxiliary;

(12) harvesting fruits: and (4) harvesting in batches, wherein the first batch of fruits are harvested 20 days after the fruits start to sit, and are harvested once every 5 days later.

Example 2

The invention relates to a method suitable for planting capsicum in Hainan, which comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting a disease-resistant variety (green pepper) with excellent commodity character and storage and transportation resistance;

(2) seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking the seeds in warm water at 55 ℃ for 20 minutes, cooling to normal temperature, fishing out and cleaning, soaking the seeds in the water at normal temperature for 5 hours, fishing out, and soaking in a natural sterilizing solution containing 30 parts of ginger, 3 parts of white spirit, 8 parts of salt and 59 parts of sterile water for 15 minutes; then the mixture is transferred into trisodium phosphate solution with the concentration of 10 percent to be soaked for 20 minutes, and then the mixture is fished out and cleaned, and the water is drained. After the seeds are well soaked, wrapping the seeds with clean gauze, and then placing the seeds at the constant temperature of 30 ℃ for moisturizing and accelerating germination;

(3) preparing nutrient soil: taking 35 parts of clean red soil (clean red soil without planting solanaceae crops), 15 parts of pig manure, 25 parts of burnt soil and 25 parts of corroded branches and leaves of hot peppers, fully mixing, adding 0.25 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per hundred kg, and mixing to prepare nutrient soil;

(4) sowing and seedling raising: before sowing, firstly, putting nutrient soil into a soft disc with 100 holes, pouring enough water, sowing seeds 1 grain per hole with the depth of about 0.8 cm, then, scattering a layer of thin nutrient soil, and finally, covering a sunshade net, wherein seedlings grow to 3 true leaf seedlings;

(5) land preparation: deeply ploughing and drying the field 20 days before planting; spreading lime to the field blocks for 100 kg per mu before plowing and harrowing, tedding for 2 times, harrowing and leveling the soil blocks; plowing and harrowing are combined, the width of a furrow is 150 cm, the height of the furrow is 40 cm, soil nutrient fertilizer is spread, double-row planting is carried out, and then a 90 cm wide mulching film is covered; the soil nutrient fertilizer contains the following components in each mu of land: 1500 kilograms of bacillus-containing bagasse fertilizer per mu, 40 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 50 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 35 kilograms of formula fertilizer (22-10-20); 50% of soil nutrient fertilizer by weight is fully scattered and applied after raking the garden land, and the rest soil nutrient fertilizer is applied in double ditches in planting rows after making beds. The bacillus-containing sugarcane residue fertilizer is obtained by mixing 20 parts of waste pepper branches and leaves, 40 parts of bagasse, 5 parts of brown sugar, 5 parts of bacillus and 30 parts of water and then fermenting; the formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing controlled release urea, synergistic urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the controlled release urea comprises the following components in parts by weight: synergistic urea: the weight ratio of urea is 2: 4: 4;

(6) planting:

a. planting density: planting in double rows with row spacing of 75 cm and plant spacing of 35 cm;

b. the planting time is as follows: planting in the afternoon of a sunny day or in a cloudy day in a rainless time;

c. the planting method comprises the following steps: keeping the nutrition soil intact during seedling taking, planting at a planting depth of 1 cm from the surface of the seed leaf, pouring sufficient root fixing water after planting, and sealing and fixing the planting hole;

(7) fertilizing: an ecological friendly fertilization method is adopted; 6 days after planting, applying a seedling extracting fertilizer once, wherein the seedling extracting fertilizer comprises the following components: 20 kilograms of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (21-9-11) is applied to each mu; and (3) after planting for 25 days, applying the fruit-bearing fertilizer once again, wherein the fruit-bearing fertilizer comprises the following components: 35 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) is applied to each mu of land, the polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer is spread in the middle of a furrow, then intertillage is carried out, soil is taken from the furrow, and the fruit-bearing fertilizer is buried; during fruit picking, applying fruit picking fertilizer: 15 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) is applied to each mu, fruits are picked and fertilizer is applied once, and water is distributed for watering;

(8) water content management: irrigating water for 1 time 7 days after planting. Properly controlling the water content after seedling slowing to before initial flowering, promoting the root system to deeply prick a soil layer and promoting the plant to be short and strong. After blooming and bearing fruit, enough water is kept, and water is irrigated for 1 time every 10 days. The irrigation adopts shallow ditch irrigation and quick drainage. And draining accumulated water in the field in time in rainy days. Drip irrigation for cultivation under a film is adopted, drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time every 5 days in sunny days, 4 cubic meters per mu are dripped every time, and drip irrigation is carried out within 24 hours;

(9) weeding and ridging: mulching, removing weeds at the edges of the ditches in time, clearing the ditches and ridging in combination with weeding, and removing the weeds in the planting holes by hands;

(10) pruning: after the initial fruit period, the axillary buds, old, sick and residual leaves below the zanthoxylum bungeanum are removed in time;

(11) and (3) pest control: prevention is mainly carried out, and comprehensive prevention and control are carried out; agricultural control, physical control and biological control are mainly used, and chemical control is used as an auxiliary;

(12) harvesting fruits: and (4) harvesting in batches, wherein the first batch of fruits are harvested 20 days after the fruits start to sit, and are harvested once every 5 days later.

Example 3

The invention relates to a method suitable for planting capsicum in Hainan, which comprises the following steps:

(1) variety selection: selecting a disease-resistant variety (capsicum frutescens) with excellent commodity character and storage and transportation resistance;

(2) seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking the seeds in warm water at 60 ℃ for 20 minutes, cooling to normal temperature, fishing out and cleaning, soaking the seeds in the water at normal temperature for 4.5 hours, fishing out, and soaking in a natural sterilizing solution containing 25 parts of ginger, 5 parts of white spirit, 5 parts of salt and 65 parts of sterile water for 15 minutes; then the mixture is transferred into trisodium phosphate solution with the concentration of 10 percent to be soaked for 20 minutes, and then the mixture is fished out and cleaned, and the water is drained. After the seeds are well soaked, wrapping the seeds with clean gauze, and then placing the seeds at a constant temperature of 26 ℃ for moisturizing and accelerating germination;

(3) preparing nutrient soil: taking 40 parts of clean laterite (clean laterite without planting solanaceae crops), 20 parts of pig manure, 20 parts of burnt soil and 20 parts of corroded branches and leaves of hot peppers, fully mixing, adding 0.25 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (15-15-15 kg) per hundred kg, and mixing to prepare nutrient soil;

(4) sowing and seedling raising: before sowing, firstly, putting nutrient soil into a soft disc with 100 holes, pouring enough water, sowing seeds 1 grain per hole with the depth of about 0.8 cm, then, scattering a layer of thin nutrient soil, and finally, covering a sunshade net, wherein seedlings grow to 2 true leaf seedlings;

(5) land preparation: deeply ploughing and drying the field 16 days before planting; spreading 80 kilograms of lime to the field blocks before plowing and harrowing, tedding for 2 times, harrowing and leveling the soil blocks; plowing and harrowing are combined, the width of a furrow is 140 cm, the height of the furrow is 36 cm, soil nutrient fertilizer is spread, double-row planting is carried out, and then a mulching film with the width of 90 cm is covered; the soil nutrient fertilizer contains the following components in each mu of land: 1200 kg/mu of bacillus-containing bagasse fertilizer, 35 kg of cake fertilizer, 45 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 30 kg of formula fertilizer (22-10-20); the soil nutrient fertilizer with the weight of 60 percent is fully applied after raking the garden land, and the rest soil nutrient fertilizer is applied after making beds and making double ditches in planting rows. The bacillus-containing sugarcane residue fertilizer is obtained by mixing 20 parts of waste pepper branches and leaves, 40 parts of bagasse, 10 parts of brown sugar, 5 parts of bacillus and 25 parts of water and then fermenting; the formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing controlled release urea, synergistic urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the controlled release urea comprises the following components in parts by weight: synergistic urea: the weight ratio of urea is 2: 4: 4;

(6) planting:

a. planting density: planting in double rows with row spacing of 70 cm and plant spacing of 33 cm;

b. the planting time is as follows: planting in the afternoon of a sunny day or in a cloudy day in a rainless time;

c. the planting method comprises the following steps: keeping the nutrition soil intact during seedling taking, planting at a planting depth of 1 cm from the surface of the seed leaf, pouring sufficient root fixing water after planting, and sealing and fixing the planting hole;

(7) fertilizing: an ecological friendly fertilization method is adopted; 5 days after planting, applying a seedling extracting fertilizer once, wherein the seedling extracting fertilizer comprises the following components: 18 kilograms of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (21-9-11) is applied to each mu; and (3) applying the fruit-bearing fertilizer once again 22 days after field planting, wherein the fruit-bearing fertilizer is as follows: applying 32 kilograms of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) to each mu, scattering the polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer in the middle of a furrow, then intertillage, taking soil from the furrow, and burying the fruit-bearing fertilizer; during fruit picking, applying fruit picking fertilizer: 12 kilograms of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) is applied to each mu, fruits are picked and fertilizer is applied once, and water is distributed for watering;

(8) water content management: irrigating for 1 time 6 days after planting. Properly controlling the water content after seedling slowing to before initial flowering, promoting the root system to deeply prick a soil layer and promoting the plant to be short and strong. After blooming and bearing fruit, enough water is kept, and water is irrigated for 1 time every 10 days. The irrigation adopts shallow ditch irrigation and quick drainage. And draining accumulated water in the field in time in rainy days. Drip irrigation for cultivation under a film is adopted, 1 time of drip irrigation is carried out every 4 days in sunny days, 3 cubic meters per mu of water is dripped every time, and the drip irrigation is carried out within 24 hours;

(9) weeding and ridging: mulching, removing weeds at the edges of the ditches in time, clearing the ditches and ridging in combination with weeding, and removing the weeds in the planting holes by hands;

(10) pruning: after the initial fruit period, the axillary buds, old, sick and residual leaves below the zanthoxylum bungeanum are removed in time;

(11) and (3) pest control: prevention is mainly carried out, and comprehensive prevention and control are carried out; agricultural control, physical control and biological control are mainly used, and chemical control is used as an auxiliary;

(12) harvesting fruits: and (4) harvesting in batches, wherein the first batch of fruits are harvested 20 days after the fruits start to sit, and are harvested once every 5 days later.

The method suitable for planting the peppers in Hainan provided by the invention has a good application effect in Hainan, can greatly reduce the fertilizer cost and the agricultural cost, improve the yield, reduce the loss of nutrients, and have very good economic benefits and ecological environmental protection benefits (Table 1). In the aspect of investment, the fertilizing amount per mu of the eco-friendly package fertilizing method is reduced by about 10-20 kilograms in an equal ratio, and the fertilizer cost per mu of pepper is saved by at least 40 yuan according to the market price per kilogram of fertilizer by 4 yuan. Meanwhile, the nutrient proportion is reasonable, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved by over 10 percent, and the ecological environment is more friendly; in addition, the quality of the pepper is improved, and the pepper is convenient for market sale and long-distance transportation. Therefore, the ecological-friendly pepper planting method is more suitable for planting the Hainan peppers.

TABLE 1 comparison of pickled Pepper yields

Treatment of	Plant height (cm)	Yield (kilogram)	VC content (g/kg)	The utilization rate of the fertilizer%
					Control	50.1～55.3	4000～4022	0.21～0.23	30.3～33.1
Inventive example 1	61.7～62.3	4330～4400	0.26～0.36	42.5～43.6
					Inventive example 2	61.5～62.4	4390～4410	0.26～0.38	43.3～44.2
Inventive example 3	61.9～63.6	4500～4510	0.27～0.38	44.1～44.3

Note: the control group adopts the traditional pepper cultivation method.

The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, therefore, the present invention is not limited by the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. The method for planting the peppers in Hainan is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) variety selection: selecting a disease-resistant pepper variety with excellent commodity character and storage and transportation resistance;

(2) seed soaking and germination accelerating:

a. soaking the pepper seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ for 15-20 minutes, cooling to normal temperature, and fishing out and cleaning;

b. soaking the cleaned pepper seeds in water at normal temperature for 4-5 hours, taking out the pepper seeds, and soaking the pepper seeds in a natural sterilizing solution containing ginger, white spirit and salt for 10-20 minutes; the natural sterilizing solution is prepared by uniformly mixing and soaking the following components in parts by weight for 30-60 minutes and then filtering the mixture: 20-40 parts of ginger, 1-5 parts of white spirit, 5-10 parts of salt and 50-70 parts of sterile water;

c. then transferring the mixture into a trisodium phosphate solution with the concentration of 10 percent to be soaked for 10 to 20 minutes, fishing out and cleaning the mixture, and draining the water;

d. soaking the pepper seeds, wrapping the pepper seeds with clean gauze, and then carrying out variable-temperature or constant-temperature moisture preservation and germination acceleration at the temperature of 25-30 ℃;

(3) preparing nutrient soil:

taking clean red soil, pig manure, burnt soil and corroded branches and leaves of the peppers which are not planted, fully mixing, adding 0.2-0.3 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer per hundred kg, and mixing again to obtain nutrient soil; the clean red soil, the pig manure, the burnt soil and the corroded pepper branches and leaves are respectively as follows in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of clean red soil, 10-20 parts of pig manure, 10-20 parts of burnt soil and 20-30 parts of corroded pepper branches and leaves;

(4) sowing and seedling raising: before sowing, the nutrient soil is put into a soft disc with 100 holes, water is poured sufficiently, 1 seed is sowed in each hole with the depth of 0.5-1.0 cm, a layer of thin nutrient soil is spread, and finally, a sunshade net or a plastic mulching film is covered, so that 2-3 true-leaf seedlings grow;

(5) land preparation: deeply ploughing and drying the field 15-20 days before planting; tedding for 2 times, and raking and leveling the clod blocks; combining plowing and harrowing, sowing the farmland with the width of 130-150 cm and the height of 35-40 cm, applying a soil nutrient fertilizer, planting in double rows, and then covering a mulching film with the width of 80-90 cm; the soil nutrient fertilizer contains the following components in each mu of land: 1000-1500 kg/mu of a sugarcane residue fertilizer containing bacillus, 30-40 kg of a cake fertilizer, 40-50 kg of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25-35 kg of a formula fertilizer; raking 50-60% of the soil nutrient fertilizer by weight in a garden, then spreading the fertilizer on the whole, and making two ditches in planting rows after the balance is made into furrows; the bacillus-containing sugarcane residue fertilizer is obtained by mixing 10-20 parts of waste pepper branches and leaves, 30-40 parts of bagasse, 5-10 parts of brown sugar, 5-10 parts of bacillus and 30-50 parts of water and then fermenting; the formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing controlled release urea, synergistic urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, wherein the controlled release urea comprises the following components in parts by weight: synergistic urea: the weight ratio of urea is 2: 4: 4;

(6) planting:

a. planting density: planting in double rows, wherein the row spacing is 65-75 cm, and the plant spacing is 30-35 cm;

b. the planting time is as follows: planting in the afternoon of a sunny day or in a cloudy day in a rainless time;

c. the planting method comprises the following steps: keeping the nutrient soil intact during seedling taking, wherein the planting depth is 0.8-1.2 cm from the surface of the seed leaf ridge, pouring enough root fixing water after planting, and sealing and tightly fixing the planting hole;

(7) fertilizing: an ecological friendly package fertilization method is adopted; applying a seedling-lifting fertilizer 5-6 days after field planting, wherein the seedling-lifting fertilizer is as follows: 15-20 kg of polyammonium-zinc compound fertilizer (21-9-11) is applied to each mu; and (3) after the field planting for 20-25 days, re-applying the fruit-hanging fertilizer once, wherein the fruit-hanging fertilizer is as follows: applying 30-35 kg of poly-ammonium zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) to each mu, scattering the poly-ammonium zinc compound fertilizer in the middle of a furrow, then intertillage, taking soil from the furrow, and burying the fruit-bearing fertilizer; when picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer, wherein the fruit picking fertilizer comprises the following components: applying 10-15 kg of polyammonium zinc compound fertilizer (12-10-24) per mu, picking fruits and applying fruit picking fertilizer once per mu, and simultaneously watering with water;

(8) water content management: irrigating for 1 time 5-7 days after planting; properly controlling the water content after seedling slowing to before initial flowering, promoting the root system to deeply prick a soil layer, and promoting the plant to be short and strong; after blooming and fruiting, sufficient water is kept, and water is irrigated for 1 time every 8-12 days; the irrigation adopts shallow ditch irrigation and quick drainage; draining accumulated water in the field in time in rainy days; drip irrigation is carried out under the film, 1 time of drip irrigation is carried out every 4-5 days in sunny days, 3-4 cubic meters per mu of water is dripped every time, and the drip irrigation is carried out within 24 hours;

(9) weeding and ridging: mulching, removing weeds at the edges of the ditches in time, clearing the ditches and ridging in combination with weeding, and removing the weeds in the planting holes by hands;

(10) pruning: after the initial fruit period, the axillary buds, old, sick and residual leaves below the zanthoxylum bungeanum are removed in time;

(11) and (3) pest control: prevention is mainly carried out, and comprehensive prevention and control are carried out; agricultural control, physical control and biological control are mainly used, and chemical control is used as an auxiliary;

(12) harvesting fruits: and (4) harvesting in batches, wherein the first batch of fruits are harvested 20 days after the fruits start to sit, and are harvested once every 5 days later.

2. The method for planting hot pepper in Hainan area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), lime is spread to the field at 80-100 kg/mu before plowing.