CN110810143A - Cultivation method of purple perilla - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of purple perilla, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) land preparation and furrow making, (2) seeding and seedling raising, (3) field management, (4) pinching, and (5) harvesting.

Description

Cultivation method of purple perilla

Technical Field

The invention relates to a plant cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method of purple perilla.

Background

The whole perilla has high nutritive value, has the characteristics of low sugar, high fiber, high carotene, high mineral elements and the like, and contains 0.68 to 1.26 g of reducing sugar, 3.84 g of protein, 3.49 to 6.96 g of cellulose, 1.3 g of fat, 7.94 to 9.09 mg of carotene, 1.3 mg of nicotinic acid, 78 to 68 mg of vitamin C55, 522 mg of potassium, 4.24 mg of sodium, 217 mg of calcium, 70.4 mg of magnesium, 65.6 mg of phosphorus, 034 mg of copper, 20.7 mg of iron, 1.21 mg of zinc, 1.25 mg of manganese, 1.50 mg of strontium and 3.24 to 4.23 mg of selenium in 100 g of tender leaves. The purple perilla has the effects of detoxifying, dispelling cold, regulating qi, reducing phlegm, preventing miscarriage, moistening intestines and the like, and can improve the immunity of a human body, improve the mechanism function of the human body, promote metabolism, detoxify, beautify the face, beautify the skin and improve the memory after being frequently taken. Perilla frutescens contains anticancer active substances and is listed as the top of various vegetables. At present, the perilla frutescens mostly grows in wild or cultivated sporadically, has low yield, poor quality and difficult harvesting, and is difficult to satisfy the increasing demands of wide consumers.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-yield and high-quality purple perilla cultivation method. The invention aims to realize the following technical scheme that a perilla cultivation method comprises the steps of soil preparation and furrow making, seeding and seedling raising and transplanting, field management, pinching and harvesting, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1. preparing soil and making furrows, selecting fertile loam soil rich in organic matters as a planting field, applying 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of land before sowing, turning over soil to make high furrows with the width of 1.3-1.5 meters, and leveling and raking the surfaces of the furrows; 2. sowing and seedling raising, wherein sowing is carried out from late March to early March, broadcasting, drilling, hole sowing or seedling raising and transplanting are carried out, the collected seeds are treated by 100 microliter/liter gibberellin and placed at the low temperature of 3 ℃ for 1 day and under the illumination condition for 5-10 days, then the seeds are placed under the illumination condition of 15-20 ℃ for accelerating germination for 12 days, the germination of the seeds reaches more than 80%, and the seed amount is 3 kg per hectare; preparing a seedbed according to 8-10% of the planting area, wherein the seeding amount of the seedbed is 10-14 g/square meter, watering the seedbed with water on the soles before seeding, uniformly scattering seeds on the bed surface, covering with a layer of thin soil without seed particles, uniformly scattering straws, covering with a mulching film, adding a small arched shed to preserve heat and moisture, germinating and sprouting after 7-10 days, removing the mulching film in time, thinning the seedlings in time, generally thinning the seedlings for 3 times to reach the standard of no crowding, and removing the thin film of the small shed when the distance between the seedlings is about 3 cm, paying attention to timely ventilation and breathability, and removing the thin film of the small shed in 4 months; planting, deeply ploughing and sunning soil 10-15 days before planting, applying 1500 kg of compound fertilizer, 45000 kg of human excrement and urine and 75000 kg of garbage fertilizer as base fertilizer per hectare, making the soil into 1.2 m rough ridges, cleaning the ridge surface by 0.9 m, requiring the ridge surface to be smooth, spraying herbicide Douler before field planting, using 1500 g/hectare, after spraying, except for field planting holes, achieving the purpose of not damaging a soil surface herbicide liquid film, carrying out field planting after 2 days, wherein the field planting is generally carried out in the middle ten days of 4 months, seedlings have 2-3 pairs of leaves, 6 rows are field-planted in each ridge, the row spacing is 0.15 m, 3, carrying out field management, timely topdressing 7-8 times of urea in the production period, removing the first stubble leaves 20-25 days after field planting, completely removing the old leaves below the fourth section, picking and pickling the leaves with the width of 12 cm above the fifth section, paying special attention to timely pruning, and picking and harvesting simultaneously; 4. pinching, namely, leaving 3 pairs of leaves for pinching the perilla frutescens in the field without seed, before the plant starts to grow inflorescence at the beginning of 9 months, wherein the 3 pairs of leaves can also reach the standard of finished leaves; 5. harvesting, namely picking tender stems of vegetables at any time; the purple perilla serving as export commodity needs to be harvested according to the standard, namely the widest position in the middle of the leaf reaches more than 12 cm, no defect, no hole and no disease spot exist, the leaf grows rapidly from the middle ten days of 6 months, the last ten days of 7 months and the last ten days of 8 months, the harvesting peak period is the peak harvesting period, a pair of leaves can be harvested in 3-4 days on average, a pair of leaves are harvested at intervals of 6-7 days generally at other times, medicinal perilla leaves are used, when the seeds are mature in autumn, the fruit ears are cut off, and the left leaves and stems are placed in shady and cool places and then dried in the shade for storage.

By scientific cultivation, management and harvesting, the yield per mu of high-quality purple perilla can reach 3000kg, and the method has good economic benefit.

Detailed Description

Embodiment 1, a perilla cultivation method, including soil preparation and ridging, seeding and seedling raising and transplanting, field management, pinching, harvesting, is characterized by being performed according to the following method: 1. preparing soil and making furrows, selecting fertile loam soil rich in organic matters as a planting field, applying 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of land before sowing, turning over the soil to make high furrows of 1.3-1.5 meters, and leveling and raking the surfaces of the furrows; 2. sowing and seedling raising, wherein sowing is carried out from late March to early March, and the sowing, the drilling, the hole sowing or the seedling raising and transplanting can be carried out, the perilla seeds belong to a deep dormancy type, the perilla seeds can gradually and completely germinate 4-5 months after the seeds are picked, the collected seeds are treated by 100 microliter/liter gibberellin and placed under the conditions of low temperature of 3 ℃ and illumination for 5-10 days, then the seeds are placed under the illumination condition of 15-20 ℃ for accelerating germination for 12 days, the germination of the seeds can reach more than 80%, the sowing and seedling raising are carried out, and the seed amount used per hectare is 3 kg; preparing a seedbed according to 8-10% of the planting area, wherein the seeding amount of the seedbed is 10-14 g/square meter, sole water is poured on the seedbed before seeding, seeds are uniformly sowed on the bed surface, a layer of thin soil without seed particles is covered, then straw is uniformly sowed, a mulching film is covered, then a small arched shed is added for heat preservation and moisture preservation, the seedlings sprout and emerge after 7-10 days, the mulching film is removed in time, the seedlings are thinned for 3 times generally, the standard of no crowding is reached, the distance between the seedlings is about 3 cm, in order to prevent the seedlings from growing into high-foot seedlings, the small shed film is removed in time, ventilation is needed, the small shed film is removed in 4 months, the plants are made to be thick and strong, and the adaptability to the external environment after field planting is enhanced; and (3) field planting, wherein soil is deeply ploughed and sunned with upturned soil 10-15 days before field planting, 1500 kg of compound fertilizer, 45000 kg of human excrement and urine and 75000 kg of garbage fertilizer are applied to each hectare as base fertilizers, the field is prepared into 1.2 m furrows, the clean ridge surface is 0.9 m, and the ridge surface is required to be smooth. Spraying herbicide Doule with the dosage of 1500 g/hectare before field planting, after spraying, except for a field planting hole, fixing the soil surface herbicide liquid film as far as possible, after 2 days, carrying out field planting, wherein the field planting is generally carried out in the middle ten days of 4 months, seedlings have 2-3 pairs of leaves, 6 rows are fixedly planted in each ridge, the row spacing of each row is 0.15 m, 3, carrying out field management, timely applying urea for 7-8 times when the seedlings grow in the production period, requiring the soil to be moist in the whole growth period, being beneficial to the rapid growth of the plants, removing the first-stubble leaves 20-25 days after the field planting, and completely removing the old leaves below the fourth section. The leaves with the width of 12 cm above the fifth section are picked off and pickled, and the effective section can generally reach 20-23 sections; 40-46 leaves reaching the export standard can be picked, and in management, timely branching needs to be paid special attention, and branching and leaf picking can be carried out simultaneously; 4. pinching, namely, leaving 3 pairs of leaves for pinching the perilla frutescens in the field without seed, before the plant starts to grow inflorescence at the beginning of 9 months, wherein the 3 pairs of leaves can also reach the standard of finished leaves; 5. harvesting, namely picking tender stems of vegetables at any time; the purple perilla as export commodity is collected according to the standard, and the collection standard is as follows: the widest position in the middle of the leaves reaches more than 12 cm, no defect, no hole and no spot exist, the picking standard can be reached from the fourth pair to the fifth pair of leaves generally in the late 5 th or early 6 th month if the seedlings are strong, the leaves grow rapidly in the middle and late 6 th months and the late 7 th to the last 8 th months, the peak picking period is the peak picking period, a pair of leaves can be picked in 3-4 days on average, and a pair of leaves is picked at 6-7 days generally in other times; from late 5 months to late 9 months, generally, 20-23 pairs of qualified commodity leaves can be harvested, and the yield of the pickled commodity leaves can reach about 120 g; when the seeds are ripe in autumn, the fruit ears are cut off, and the leaves and stems are put in a cool place and dried in the shade for storage.

Claims (1)

1. A cultivation method of purple perilla comprises the steps of land preparation and ridge making, seeding and seedling raising and transplanting, field management, core picking and harvesting, and is characterized in that: the method is carried out as follows

(1) Preparing soil and making furrows, selecting fertile loam soil rich in organic matters as a planting field, applying 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each mu of land before sowing, turning over soil to make 1.3-1.5 high furrows, and leveling and raking the surface of each furrow;

(2) sowing and seedling raising, wherein sowing is carried out from late March to early March, broadcasting, drilling, hole sowing or seedling raising and transplanting are carried out, the collected seeds are treated by 100 microliter/liter gibberellin and placed at the low temperature of 3 ℃ for 1 day and under the illumination condition for 5-10 days, then the seeds are placed under the illumination condition of 15-20 ℃ for accelerating germination for 12 days, the germination of the seeds reaches more than 80%, and the seed amount is 3 kg per hectare; preparing a seedbed according to 8-10% of the planting area, wherein the seeding amount of the seedbed is 10-14 g/square meter, sole water is poured into the seedbed before seeding, seeds are uniformly sowed on the bed surface, a layer of thin soil without seed particles is covered, then rice straws are uniformly sowed, a mulching film is covered, then a small arched shed is added for heat preservation and moisture preservation, germination and seedling emergence can be realized after 7-10 days, the mulching film is timely uncovered, seedlings are timely thinned, and the seedling distance is about 3 cm square; planting, deep ploughing and sunning soil 10-15 days before planting, applying 1500 kg of compound fertilizer, 45000 kg of human excrement and urine and 75000 kg of garbage fertilizer as base fertilizer, making 1.2 m furrows after soil preparation, 0.9 m of clean ridge surface, spraying herbicide Duer before planting, using 1500 g/ha, not damaging herbicide liquid film on the soil surface except for a planting hole after spraying, planting 2 days later, planting 6 rows per ridge, wherein the row spacing is 0.15 m,

(3) performing field management, namely timely applying urea for 7-8 times when the growing condition appears during production, removing the first stubble leaves 20-25 days after planting, completely removing old leaves below the fourth section, and timely twitching;

(4) pinching, namely, reserving 3 pairs of leaves for pruning and pinching perilla leaves of the field where no seeds are reserved before the plant starts to grow inflorescence at the beginning of 9 months;

(5) harvesting, namely picking tender stems of vegetables at any time; the purple perilla serving as export commodities can be harvested for 3-4 days on average from the middle and last ten days of 6 months and from the last ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 8 months, and the purple perilla serving as export commodities can be harvested for a pair of leaves every 6-7 days at other times; when the seeds are ripe in autumn, the fruit ears are cut off, and the leaves and stems are put in a cool place and dried in the shade for storage.