CN111587860A - Fishing phagostimulant and low-temperature preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fishing phagostimulant and low-temperature preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K97/00—Accessories for angling
- A01K97/04—Containers for bait; Preparation of bait
- A01K97/045—Preparation of bait; Ingredients
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fishing phagostimulant, which comprises a phagostimulant and amphiphilic nano slow-release micelles, wherein the phagostimulant is prepared from a plant-derived phagostimulant component and an animal-derived phagostimulant component subjected to enzymolysis at the temperature of not higher than 38 ℃. The fishing phagostimulant provided by the invention combines the principles of fish biology and traditional Chinese medicine, utilizes the technical means of enzymolysis, extraction, freeze-drying and the like, keeps the natural attributes of the food calling components in the raw materials of animals and plants to a greater extent under the low-temperature operation condition below 38 ℃, realizes the organic combination of the amino acids and the polypeptides from the animals and the traditional Chinese medicine components from the plants, and does not add any amino acid components which are artificially purified and processed. The low-temperature preparation method of the invention not only ensures that the fishing attractant is rich in a large amount of natural amino acids and polypeptides, but also contains traditional Chinese medicine components for stimulating appetite, tonifying spleen, benefiting digestion and enhancing appetite, is green and environment-friendly, has no toxicity or harm, and has outstanding fish attracting effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fishing, and particularly relates to a fishing phagostimulant and a low-temperature preparation method thereof.
Background
Fishing has a long history as a popular leisure activity. In ancient times with relatively low productivity, fishing is a production task for workers to obtain food and earn livelihoods. With the continuous improvement of productivity level, the living conditions of people are increasingly rich, fishing is gradually separated from production activities, and the fishing device becomes an entertainment activity which integrates interest, vitality and intelligence, has elegant style and is beneficial to body and mind.
In the fishing process, besides the fishing skill factors, the fish luring performance of the bait has important influence on the quantity of the caught fish and the fishing efficiency. In order to improve the fish luring performance and increase the catch of fish, a variety of fishing luring agents are developed. However, these phagostimulants usually contain a certain amount of chemically synthesized additives, which on the one hand can contaminate the fish catch, and on the other hand, long-term consumption of the fish which swallows the synthetic phagostimulants is not good for the health of people; on the other hand, a large amount of bait containing the chemically synthesized phagostimulant is thrown into rivers, lakes, ponds and other water systems, so that the water body is polluted and the whole ecological environment is influenced. Therefore, the development of nontoxic, harmless, green and environment-friendly efficient fishing phagostimulant has important social significance and economic value.
In the underwater predation process of fishes, the smell of food is generally sensed and predation is generally tracked mainly by means of olfactory organs. In order to deeply understand the physiological structure characteristics of the fish olfactory organ, thereby serving the industries of aquaculture, fishing and environmental protection, zoologists deeply research the structure characteristics and stimulus response behaviors of the fish olfactory organ. Scientists at the animal institute of the Chinese academy of sciences have summarized important results of relevant research at home and abroad, and published review articles indicate that: "the olfactory sense of fishes is achieved by initially relying on stimulation with an amino acid or the like dissolved in water, which is a very effective olfactory inducer" ("journal of zoology, 2005,40: 122-. Based on the results of such scientific research, a large number of amino acid-based phagostimulants were produced. However, these amino acid additives are often processed for industrial purification, or even chemically synthesized. On one hand, a part of high-temperature processes in the process of purifying, processing and synthesizing amino acid lead the raw materials of the amino acid to contain a certain amount of optical isomer enantiomer impurities which do not exist in nature and can influence the predation desire of fishes; on the other hand, the types of amino acids which can be added are limited, the addition proportion is not easy to regulate, the addition types and the addition proportion are improper, and the fish is easy to evade without fish luring effect. Therefore, the high-efficiency fishing phagostimulant which can provide high-concentration natural amino acid composition components and ensure no toxicity and harm is the demand of the current market.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a fishing phagostimulant and a low-temperature preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a fishing phagostimulant, which comprises a phagostimulant and amphiphilic nano slow-release micelles, wherein the phagostimulant is prepared from a plant-derived phagostimulant component and an animal-derived phagostimulant component subjected to enzymolysis at the temperature of not higher than 38 ℃.
Preferably, the plant source plant comprises one or more of rhubarb, codonopsis pilosula, liquorice, hawthorn, astragalus, Chinese date, sealwort, clove and ferula asafetida.
Preferably, the animal of animal origin comprises one or more of fish, shrimp, crab, snail, clam and red worm.
Preferably, the enzyme used for enzymolysis comprises one or more of pepsin, neutral protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase and hydroxypeptidase.
Preferably, the amphiphilic nano micelle is selected from polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid copolymer (PEG-co-PLA), polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone copolymer (PEG-co-PCL) and PEG modified chitosan.
Preferably, the plant-derived phagostimulant component accounts for 0.1-10 wt% of the phagostimulant.
The invention also provides a low-temperature preparation method of the fishing phagostimulant, which comprises the following steps:
A) preparation of food calling component of animal origin:
crushing animal bait at a temperature lower than 30 ℃ to obtain animal bait slurry;
adding protease into the animal bait slurry, and carrying out enzymolysis at the temperature of not higher than 38 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis product;
concentrating the enzymolysis product, and then freeze-drying to obtain a food calling component of animal origin with the water content of 1-5 wt%;
B) preparation of a plant-derived phagostimulant component:
crushing traditional Chinese medicine raw materials from plant sources, and freeze-drying to obtain plant powder with the water content of 1-5 wt%;
mixing the plant powder with an ethanol water solution, and then carrying out distillation extraction at the temperature of less than or equal to 35 ℃ to obtain an ethanol solution containing the plant-derived food calling components;
the step A) and the step B) are not limited in sequence;
C) preparing a fishing phagostimulant:
and mixing the animal-derived food calling component, the ethanol solution containing the plant-derived food calling component and the amphiphilic polymer compound, and performing ultrasonic emulsification to obtain the fishing food calling agent.
Preferably, in step a), the method for crushing comprises:
mixing animal feed with water, and freezing to obtain ice blocks containing the animal feed;
under the condition of lower than 30 ℃, crushing and homogenizing the ice blocks containing the animal feed to obtain animal feed slurry;
the enzymolysis is carried out by adopting two or more proteases, and the two or more proteases are added simultaneously or in stages.
Preferably, the ethanol water solution is preferably white spirit, the air pressure of the distillation and extraction system is less than or equal to 5000Pa, and the temperature of the distillation and extraction system is less than or equal to 35 ℃.
Preferably, the concentration of the amphiphilic polymer compound is 0.3-5 mg/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a fishing phagostimulant, which comprises a phagostimulant and amphiphilic nano slow-release micelles, wherein the phagostimulant is prepared from a phagostimulant component from a plant source and a phagostimulant component from an animal source through enzymolysis at the temperature of not higher than 38 ℃. The fishing phagostimulant provided by the invention combines the principles of fish biology and traditional Chinese medicine, utilizes the technical means of enzymolysis, extraction, freeze-drying and the like, keeps the natural attributes of the food calling components in the raw materials of animals and plants to a greater extent under the low-temperature operation condition below 38 ℃, realizes the organic combination of the amino acids and the polypeptides from the animals and the traditional Chinese medicine components from the plants, and does not add any amino acid components which are artificially purified and processed. The low-temperature preparation method of the invention not only ensures that the fishing attractant is rich in a large amount of natural amino acids and polypeptides, but also contains traditional Chinese medicine components for stimulating appetite, tonifying spleen, benefiting digestion and enhancing appetite, is green and environment-friendly, has no toxicity or harm, and has outstanding fish attracting effect. In addition, the invention further introduces a medical slow-release nano micelle carrier into the phagostimulant, so that the fish luring effect of the phagostimulant is more stable and durable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for preparing an aqueous ethanol solution having a high concentration of a food attractant component according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the biomimetic type artificial bait provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the use process of the bionic bait provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a fishing phagostimulant, which is an amphiphilic nano slow-release micelle containing a phagostimulant, wherein the phagostimulant is prepared from a plant-derived phagostimulant component and an animal-derived phagostimulant component subjected to enzymolysis at the temperature of not higher than 38 ℃.
In the invention, the plant derived from the plant is a traditional Chinese medicine component, and comprises one or more of rheum officinale, codonopsis pilosula, liquorice, hawthorn, astragalus membranaceus, Chinese date, rhizoma polygonati, clove and ferula.
Specifically, the plant source plant comprises 0-10 parts by mass of rheum officinale, 0-10 parts by mass of codonopsis pilosula, 10-25 parts by mass of liquorice, 0-10 parts by mass of hawthorn, 5-20 parts by mass of astragalus membranaceus, 10-30 parts by mass of Chinese date, 5-10 parts by mass of polygonatum sibiricum, 5-15 parts by mass of clove and 0-10 parts by mass of asafetida.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the plant derived plant is 5 parts by mass of rhubarb, 10 parts by mass of codonopsis pilosula, 20 parts by mass of liquorice, 5 parts by mass of hawthorn, 10 parts by mass of astragalus, 30 parts by mass of jujube, 10 parts by mass of polygonatum, 5 parts by mass of clove, and 5 parts by mass of asafetida.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the plant derived from plants is rhubarb horsetails 10 parts by weight, licorice root 20 parts by weight, astragalus root 15 parts by weight, Chinese date 30 parts by weight, Siberian solomonseal rhizome 10 parts by weight, clove 15 parts by weight.
In the enzymatic animal-derived food calling component, the animal comprises one or more of fish, shrimp, crab, snail, clam and red worm.
The enzyme used for enzymolysis comprises one or more of pepsin, neutral protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase and hydroxypeptidase.
In the present invention, it is preferable to carry out the enzymatic hydrolysis using two or more enzymes. In some embodiments of the invention, the enzymes used for enzymatic digestion are pepsin and trypsin; in other embodiments of the invention, the enzymes used for enzymatic hydrolysis are pepsin and hydroxypeptidase.
The plant-derived food calling component accounts for 0.1-10 wt%, preferably 0.2-5 wt% of the food calling agent.
The fishing phagostimulant provided by the invention also comprises an amphiphilic nano slow-release micelle, wherein the amphiphilic nano micelle is selected from polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid copolymer (PEG-co-PLA), polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone copolymer (PEG-co-PCL) and PEG-modified chitosan.
In the invention, the temperature in the whole preparation process of the fishing phagostimulant is less than or equal to 38 ℃. Under the low-temperature operation condition below 38 ℃, the natural properties of food calling components in animal and plant raw materials are maintained to a greater extent, and the organic combination of animal-derived amino acids, polypeptides and plant-derived traditional Chinese medicine components is realized. The animal-derived food calling component is rich in a large amount of free natural amino acids and polypeptides, and can greatly improve the fish calling effect of the bait; the plant-derived food calling component has the functions of promoting appetite, invigorating spleen, promoting digestion and enhancing appetite; the fishing attractant is further combined with a slow-release nano micelle technology, so that the fishing attractant is not only green and environment-friendly, but also has a stable and lasting fish attracting effect.
The invention also provides a low-temperature preparation method of the fishing phagostimulant, which comprises the following steps:
A) preparation of food calling component of animal origin:
crushing animal bait at a temperature lower than 30 ℃ to obtain animal bait slurry;
adding protease into the animal bait slurry, and carrying out enzymolysis at the temperature of not higher than 38 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis product;
concentrating the enzymolysis product, and then freeze-drying to obtain a food calling component of animal origin with the water content of 1-5 wt%;
B) preparation of a plant-derived phagostimulant component:
crushing traditional Chinese medicine raw materials from plant sources, and freeze-drying to obtain plant powder with the water content of 1-5 wt%;
mixing the plant powder with an ethanol water solution, and then carrying out distillation extraction at the temperature of less than or equal to 35 ℃ to obtain an ethanol solution containing the plant-derived food calling components;
C) preparing a fishing phagostimulant:
and mixing the animal-derived food calling component, the ethanol solution containing the plant-derived food calling component and the amphiphilic polymer compound, and performing ultrasonic emulsification to obtain the fishing food calling agent.
The present invention first prepares an animal-derived phagostimulant component and a plant-derived phagostimulant component, and the preparation of the animal-derived phagostimulant component and the plant-derived phagostimulant component is not limited in order.
The preparation method of the animal-derived food calling component comprises the following specific steps:
1) quantitatively weighing one or two or more kinds of fresh and live animal baits, adding water according to a certain proportion, and then fully freezing at low temperature. The water adding proportion is preferably controlled to be 0.1-10 times of the mass of the fresh and alive bait. The ice blocks containing the baits are primarily crushed by an ice crusher, then the crushed ice doped with the baits is transferred to a cell crushing homogenizer for deep crushing, and the temperature of the system is controlled to be below 30 ℃ in the crushing process. Obtaining the animal bait slurry.
2) One or two or more proteases are added to the animal bait slurry. Wherein the two or more proteases may be added simultaneously or in steps, preferably in steps.
According to the adaptability of different proteases, an edible acid or edible alkali regulator is added to regulate the pH value of the bait system. The edible acid is an acidic substance allowed to be applied to food processing by law, and is preferably acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid and malic acid, and can be one or two or more edible acids. The edible alkali is an alkaline substance allowed to be applied to food processing by law, and comprises sodium carbonate, baking soda, a mixture of the sodium carbonate and the baking soda and the like, and can be one or two or more edible alkalis.
3) Controlling the temperature within a certain range (20-38 ℃) to carry out the enzymolysis of the protein. The specific implementation mode of the enzymolysis process is not limited, and the enzymolysis process is preferably carried out in a constant temperature shaking table at 35-38 ℃. The time of the enzymolysis process is controlled to be 0.5-72 hours. Transferring the bait mixture subjected to enzymolysis into a freeze dryer, dewatering at low temperature, and controlling the drying temperature to be below 0 ℃; controlling the water content of the bait mixture to reach 1-5% to obtain the animal-derived food calling component.
The preparation method of the plant-derived food calling component comprises the following specific steps:
weighing a certain amount of traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, crushing by using a crusher, adding a certain amount of water, mixing, freezing, crushing at low temperature by using the crusher, and controlling the temperature of a system to be below 30 ℃ in the crushing process. Freeze-drying the traditional Chinese medicine mixed solution after low-temperature crushing treatment to obtain plant powder; the temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 0 ℃ in the operation process, and the water content of the plant powder is controlled to be between 1 and 5 percent through the low-temperature freeze-drying process;
then mixing the plant powder with an ethanol water solution, and then carrying out distillation extraction at the temperature of less than or equal to 35 ℃ to obtain an ethanol solution containing the plant-derived food calling components;
the mass volume ratio of the plant powder to the ethanol water solution is (0.1-10) g: (100) ml of
The ethanol water solution is preferably white spirit, more preferably pure grain brewed white spirit, and the alcoholic strength of the white spirit is 42-53 degrees.
In the present invention, it is preferable to conduct extractive distillation of the plant-derived phagostimulant component using the extraction apparatus shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for preparing an aqueous ethanol solution having a high concentration of an attractant component according to the present invention. In the attached figure 1, a reflux condenser pipe; 2. a constant pressure dropping funnel; 3. wrapping the plant powder with quantitative filter paper; 4. a distillation flask containing an aqueous ethanol solution.
The invention forms the ethanol-water azeotrope by distilling pure grain brewed white spirit under reduced pressure, controls the air pressure of a distillation system to be less than or equal to 5000Pa, and ensures that the system temperature is less than or equal to 35 ℃ in the distillation and extraction process. And (3) carrying out condensation reflux on the ethanol-water azeotropic steam, leaching the plant powder in the constant-pressure dropping funnel, realizing low-temperature and high-efficiency extraction of the food calling components in the plant powder, and obtaining the ethanol solution with high concentration and containing the plant-derived food calling components.
After obtaining the food calling component from animal sources and the food calling component from plant sources, the preparation of the fishing food calling agent comprises the following steps:
1) and compounding and mixing the animal-derived feeding attractant component and an ethanol solution containing the plant-derived feeding attractant component according to a certain proportion to obtain a mixed solution.
Wherein the mass-volume ratio of the ethanol solution of the animal-derived food calling component to the ethanol solution of the plant-derived food calling component is (0.1-25) g: (100) and (3) ml.
2) Adding a certain amount of nontoxic, harmless and degradable amphiphilic macromolecular compounds into the mixed solution, such as: polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid copolymer (PEG-co-PLA), polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone copolymer (PEG-co-PCL), PEG-modified chitosan and the like, wherein the addition concentration of the amphiphilic polymer compound is controlled to be 0.3-5 mg/L. The nano micelle is formed by an ultrasonic emulsification technology, the temperature in the ultrasonic emulsification process is controlled to be less than or equal to 25 ℃, and the controllable slow release of the fish luring components is realized.
The fishing attractant provided by the invention combines the principles of fish biology and traditional Chinese medicine, utilizes the technical means of enzymolysis, extraction, freeze-drying and the like, keeps the natural attributes of the attracting components in the raw materials of animals and plants to a greater extent under the low-temperature operation condition below 38 ℃, realizes the organic combination of the amino acids and polypeptides from the animals and the traditional Chinese medicine components from the plants, and does not add any amino acid components which are artificially purified and processed. The low-temperature preparation method of the invention not only ensures that the fishing attractant is rich in a large amount of natural amino acids and polypeptides, but also contains traditional Chinese medicine components for stimulating appetite, tonifying spleen, benefiting digestion and enhancing appetite, is green and environment-friendly, has no toxicity or harm, and has outstanding fish attracting effect. In addition, the invention further introduces a medical slow-release nano micelle carrier into the phagostimulant, so that the fish luring effect of the phagostimulant is more stable and durable.
In the invention, the fishing phagostimulant can be prepared into a bionic artificial bait, and specifically, the bionic artificial bait comprises:
a fish-shaped housing;
the artificial bait expansion hole is formed in the anus position of the fish-shaped shell;
the bait containing phagostimulant can expand when meeting water and is arranged in the fish-shaped shell.
The bionic artificial bait provided by the invention comprises a fish-shaped shell, wherein a fake bait is contained in the fish-shaped shell, and the fake bait is a bait which can expand when meeting water and contains a phagostimulant.
In some embodiments of the invention, the bait dummy is a sponge chitosan bait containing a phagostimulant. In the invention, the phagostimulant is dispersed in the pores of the spongy chitosan. The artificial bait is prepared by mixing a phagostimulant and a chitosan solution and then freezing and drying the mixture.
The shape of the lure is not particularly limited in the present invention.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the artificial bait may be prepared according to the following process:
1) and (2) taking the feeding attractant solution, firstly adding lactic acid with the mass fraction of 1-5% of the feeding attractant solution, then adding chitosan powder with the mass fraction of 20-100% of the feeding attractant solution, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the chitosan solution.
The feeding promoting solution is obtained by compounding and mixing the animal-derived feeding promoting component and an ethanol solution containing the plant-derived feeding promoting component according to a certain proportion. The mass-volume ratio of the ethanol solution of the animal-derived food calling component to the ethanol solution of the plant-derived food calling component is (0.1-25) g: (100) and (3) ml.
Alternatively, in the present invention, the fishing lure may be selected from the above-mentioned fishing lure.
2) And (3) carrying out freeze drying treatment on the uniformly mixed chitosan solution to obtain the chitosan sponge artificial bait containing the phagostimulant.
The bionic artificial bait provided by the invention also comprises a false bait expansion hole arranged at the position of the anus of the fish-shaped shell.
In some embodiments of the invention, the artificial bait is placed in an artificial bait packing box provided inside the fish-shaped casing, and the artificial bait packing box is communicated with the artificial bait expanding hole.
The head part of the fish-shaped shell is provided with a false bait packaging bin cover. The inner side of the bait packaging bin cover is provided with a fishhook fixing ring, so that a fishing line bound with a fishhook passes through the bait packaging bin through the bait expansion hole and is fixed on the fishhook fixing ring on the inner side of the bait packaging bin cover.
The top of the fish-shaped shell is provided with a fishing line connecting ring used for fixing a main fishing line.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the biomimetic type artificial bait provided by the present invention. In fig. 2, 1 is a fish-shaped housing, 2 is a bait, 3 is a bait expansion hole, 4 is a bait packing bin, 5 is a bait packing bin cover, and 6 is a fishing line connecting ring.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a using process of the bionic bait according to the present invention. When the artificial bait is used, a fishing main line is fixed by using a fishing line connecting ring; the sub-line bound with the fishhook passes through the bait package bin through the bait expansion hole and is fixed on a fishhook fixing ring at the inner side of the bait package bin cover, so that the fishhook is hidden at the bait expansion hole. The lid of the artificial bait packaging bin is opened, the spongy artificial bait containing the phagostimulant is put in the bin, and then the lid of the artificial bait packaging bin is sealed. When the bionic artificial bait is immersed in water, the spongy artificial bait absorbs water and swells out of the swelling hole of the artificial bait to form false images simulating the ovulation process of fishes, so that the fish luring effect is visually enhanced; the natural bait adsorbed in the artificial bait is subjected to enzymolysis to obtain the bait, so that the fish luring effect is enhanced in smell sense.
For further understanding of the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the fishing lure and the low temperature preparation method thereof, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1 (preparation of animal-derived phagostimulant component):
weighing 80g of fresh earthworms, adding 20g of water, putting the earthworms into a freezer, quickly freezing the earthworms for 6 hours, taking out the earthworms, and crushing ice blocks containing the earthworms by using an ice crusher. And then transferring the crushed ice doped with the earthworm bait into a cell crushing homogenizer for deep crushing, wherein the temperature of the system is controlled below 25 ℃ in the crushing process.
Adding lactic acid into the crushed earthworm bait mixed solution, adjusting the pH value to 3-4.5, adding pepsin 5g, fully stirring, placing into a constant temperature shaking table, and keeping the temperature at 37 ℃ for enzymolysis for 6 h. Adding edible sodium bicarbonate into the bait mixed solution, adjusting pH to 7.5-8.5, adding 5g of trypsin, stirring, placing into a constant temperature shaking table, and maintaining at 37 deg.C for enzymolysis for 6 hr. Transferring the bait subjected to enzymolysis into a freeze dryer for freeze drying and concentration, controlling the total amount of effluent, and adjusting the water content of the phagostimulant to be less than 5% to complete the preparation of the animal-derived phagostimulant component.
Example 2 (preparation of animal-derived phagostimulant component):
weighing 90g of fresh and live river shrimps, adding 10g of water, putting the fresh and live river shrimps into a freezer, quickly freezing the fresh and live river shrimps for 3 hours, taking out the fresh and live river shrimps, and crushing ice blocks containing the river shrimps by using an ice crusher. Then transferring the crushed ice doped with the shrimp bait into a cell crushing homogenizer for deep crushing, and controlling the system temperature below 25 ℃ in the crushing process.
Adding citric acid into the crushed shrimp bait mixed solution, adjusting pH to 2.5-3.0, adding pepsin 3g, stirring, placing into a constant temperature shaking table, and maintaining at 37 deg.C for enzymolysis for 5 h. Adding edible sodium bicarbonate into the bait mixed solution, adjusting pH to 6.5-7.5, adding hydroxypeptidase 5g, stirring, placing into constant temperature shaking table, and maintaining at 37 deg.C for enzymolysis for 5 hr. Transferring the bait subjected to enzymolysis into a freeze dryer for freeze drying and concentration, controlling the total amount of effluent, and adjusting the water content of the phagostimulant to be below 3% to complete the preparation of the animal-derived phagostimulant component.
Example 3 (preparation of animal-derived phagostimulant component):
weighing 30g of fresh and live river shrimps and 30g of fresh and live red worms, adding 40g of water, putting the mixture into a freezer, quickly freezing the mixture for 3 hours, taking out the frozen mixture, and crushing ice blocks containing the river shrimps and the red worms by using an ice crusher. Then transferring the crushed ice doped with the bait of the shrimps and the red worms into a cell crushing homogenizer for deep crushing, and controlling the temperature of the system to be below 25 ℃ in the crushing process.
Adding acetic acid into the crushed mixed bait liquid of the river shrimps and the river crabs, adjusting the pH value to 2.5-3.0, adding 3g of pepsin, fully and uniformly stirring, putting into a constant-temperature shaking table, and keeping the temperature of the shaking table at 37 ℃ for enzymolysis for 3 hours. Adding edible sodium bicarbonate into the bait mixed solution, adjusting pH to 7.5-8.5, adding 1g of trypsin, stirring, placing into a constant temperature shaking table, and maintaining at 37 deg.C for enzymolysis for 36 h. Transferring the bait subjected to enzymolysis into a freeze dryer for freeze drying and concentration, controlling the total amount of effluent, and adjusting the water content of the phagostimulant to be below 3% to complete the preparation of the animal-derived phagostimulant component.
Example 4 (preparation of animal-derived phagostimulant component):
weighing 40g of fresh river shrimp and 20g of fresh river snail, adding 40g of water, putting into a freezer, quickly freezing for 8 hours, taking out, and crushing ice blocks containing the river shrimp and the river snail by using an ice crusher. Then transferring the crushed ice doped with the bait of the river shrimps and the river snails into a cell crushing homogenizer for deep crushing, and controlling the system temperature below 25 ℃ in the crushing process.
Adding acetic acid into the crushed mixed bait liquid of river shrimp and river snail, adjusting pH value to 2.5-3.0, adding pepsin 3g, stirring thoroughly, placing in a constant temperature shaking table, and maintaining enzymolysis at 37 deg.C for 10 h. Adding edible sodium bicarbonate into the bait mixed solution, adjusting pH to 7.5-8.5, adding chymotrypsin 1g, stirring, placing into constant temperature shaking table, and maintaining at 37 deg.C for enzymolysis for 24 hr. Transferring the bait subjected to enzymolysis into a freeze dryer for freeze drying and concentration, controlling the total amount of effluent, and adjusting the water content of the phagostimulant to be less than 5% to complete the preparation of the animal-derived phagostimulant component.
Example 5 (preparation of a plant-derived phagostimulant component):
weighing 5g of rheum officinale, 10g of codonopsis pilosula, 20g of liquorice, 5g of hawthorn, 10g of astragalus membranaceus, 30g of Chinese date, 10g of rhizoma polygonati, 5g of clove and 5g of asafetida, adding 200g of water, freezing in a freezer for 8 hours, crushing by using a crusher, and controlling the temperature of a system in the crushing process to be below 30 ℃. Transferring the crushed traditional Chinese medicine mixed solution into a freeze dryer for freeze drying and concentration, controlling the total amount of effluent, and adjusting the water content of the phagostimulant to be below 5% to obtain plant powder;
the plant powder was wrapped with quantitative filter paper and placed in a constant pressure dropping funnel as shown in figure 1.
Adding 1000ml of 52% pure grain brewed white spirit into a distillation flask, vacuumizing to control the air pressure of a system to be less than or equal to 5000Pa, refluxing and leaching the distillation flask to 30 ℃ for 12 hours, and then obtaining high-concentration alcohol solution containing plant feeding promoting components in the distillation flask.
Example 6 (preparation of a plant-derived phagostimulant component):
weighing 10g of rheum officinale, 20g of liquorice, 15g of astragalus membranaceus, 30g of Chinese date, 10g of rhizoma polygonati and 15g of clove, adding 500g of water, putting the mixture into a freezer, freezing the mixture for 12 hours, and crushing the mixture by using a crusher, wherein the temperature of a system in the crushing process is controlled to be below 25 ℃. Transferring the crushed traditional Chinese medicine mixed solution into a freeze dryer for freeze drying and concentration, controlling the total amount of effluent, and adjusting the water content of the phagostimulant to be below 5% to obtain plant powder;
the plant powder was wrapped with quantitative filter paper and placed in a constant pressure dropping funnel as shown in figure 1.
Adding 1000ml of 52% pure grain brewed white spirit into a distillation flask, vacuumizing to control the air pressure of a system to be less than or equal to 5000Pa, refluxing and leaching the distillation flask to 30 ℃ for 12 hours, and then obtaining high-concentration alcohol solution containing plant feeding promoting components in the distillation flask.
Example 7 (preparation of fishing lure):
10g of the animal-derived phagostimulant composition lyophilized in example 1 was mixed with 2000ml of the alcoholic solution of the plant-derived phagostimulant composition in example 5 to obtain a mixed solution.
Adding 5mg of PEG-co-PLA copolymer into the mixed solution, controlling the temperature of the system below 25 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic emulsification for 20min to prepare the novel fishing phagostimulant.
Example 8 (preparation of fishing lure):
20g of the animal-derived phagostimulant composition lyophilized in example 2 was mixed with 1000ml of the alcoholic solution of the plant-derived phagostimulant composition in example 5 to obtain a mixed solution.
Adding 1mg of PEG-co-PCL copolymer into the mixed solution, controlling the temperature of the system below 25 ℃, and performing ultrasonic emulsification for 10min to prepare the novel fishing phagostimulant.
Example 9 (preparation of fishing lure):
10g of the animal-derived phagostimulant composition lyophilized in example 4 was mixed with 1000ml of the alcoholic solution of the plant-derived phagostimulant composition in example 5 to obtain a mixed solution.
Adding 1mgPEG grafted chitosan into the mixed solution, controlling the temperature of the system below 25 ℃, and performing ultrasonic emulsification for 15min to prepare the novel fishing phagostimulant.
Comparative examples
Example 10 (preparation of animal-derived phagostimulant component):
weighing 80g of fresh earthworms, adding 20g of water, putting the earthworms into a freezer, quickly freezing the earthworms for 6 hours, taking out the earthworms, and crushing ice blocks containing the earthworms by using an ice crusher. And then transferring the crushed ice doped with the earthworm bait into a cell crushing homogenizer for deep crushing, wherein the temperature of the system is controlled below 25 ℃ in the crushing process. Adding lactic acid into the crushed earthworm bait mixed solution, adjusting the pH value to 3-4.5, adding pepsin 5g, fully stirring, placing into a constant temperature shaking table, and keeping 55 ℃ for enzymolysis for 6 h. Adding edible sodium bicarbonate into the bait mixed solution, adjusting pH to 7.5-8.5, adding papain 5g, stirring, placing in constant temperature shaking table, and maintaining at 55 deg.C for enzymolysis for 6 hr. Transferring the bait subjected to enzymolysis into a freeze dryer for freeze drying and concentration, controlling the total amount of effluent, and adjusting the water content of the phagostimulant to be less than 5% to complete the preparation of the animal-derived phagostimulant component.
Example 11 (fish attracting effect test):
1) preparation of fish for test: water surface area 50m2After the small pond is drained and the bottom of the pond is cleaned, water is injected again, and the following steps are carried out: 30 carp tails (the single tail weight is more than or equal to 1kg), 30 grass carp tails (the single tail weight is more than or equal to 1kg) and 30 crucian carp tails (the single tail weight is more than or equal to 0.5 kg).
2) Preparing bait:
the preparation method of the wheaten food basic bait comprises the following steps: mixing 1000g of corn flour and 500g of corn residue, adding hot water, stirring to obtain paste, steaming for 10min, and stopping heating. After the basic wheaten food bait is cooled to room temperature, 4 kinds of bait are prepared according to the formula shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 trial fishing results of 4 bait formulations with pasta as the basis bait
3) Trial fishing is carried out according to the sequence of the formula I to the formula IV, and the fish catches are counted after baits of each formula are fished for 2 hours; then, according to the types and the mantissas of the fished fish catches, the newly purchased corresponding types and the mantissas of the test fishes are supplemented in equal quantity, and then the next formula bait is used for trial fishing. The catch conditions for the different bait formulations are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 test fishing situation with different bait formulations based on pasta
Example 12 (fish attracting effect test):
1) the test fish were prepared as described in example 11.
2) Preparing bait: fresh and alive red worms are used as basic bait, and 4 kinds of bait are prepared according to the formula shown in the table 3.
TABLE 3 test results of 4 bait formulations based on live red worms
3) Trial fishing is carried out according to the sequence of the formula I to the formula V, and the fish catches are counted after baits of each formula are fished for 2 hours; then, according to the types and the mantissas of the fished fish catches, the newly purchased corresponding types and the mantissas of the test fishes are supplemented in equal quantity, and then the next formula bait is used for trial fishing.
TABLE 4 fishing situation trial with different bait formulations based on live red worms
Example 13 (baiting process):
taking 100ml of the mixed solution described in the embodiment 8, firstly adding 3g of lactic acid, then adding 100g of chitosan powder, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain the chitosan solution. And (3) carrying out freeze drying treatment on the uniformly mixed chitosan solution to obtain 110g of chitosan sponge artificial bait containing the phagostimulant. As shown in fig. 2, the fishing main line is fixed by using the fishing line connection ring; the sub-line with the fishhook is passed through the bait packing bin (size 5mm 20mm) through the bait expanding hole, and fixed on the fishhook fixing ring at the inner side of the bait packing bin cover, so that the fishhook is hidden and arranged at the bait expanding hole (phi is 1 mm). And opening the cover of the artificial bait packaging bin, filling the spongy artificial bait into the fish-shaped artificial bait, and then sealing the cover of the artificial bait packaging bin. When the bionic artificial bait is immersed in water, the spongy artificial bait absorbs water to swell and swells out of the swelling hole of the artificial bait, so that the false image simulating the ovulation process of fishes is formed, and the fish luring effect is visually enhanced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fishing phagostimulant is characterized by comprising a phagostimulant and amphiphilic nano slow-release micelles, wherein the phagostimulant is prepared from a plant-derived phagostimulant component and an animal-derived phagostimulant component subjected to enzymolysis at the temperature of not higher than 38 ℃.
2. The fishing phagostimulant according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived plant comprises one or more of rhubarb, codonopsis pilosula, liquorice, hawthorn, astragalus, Chinese date, polygonatum, clove and ferula asafetida.
3. The fishing phagostimulant of claim 1, wherein the animal-derived animals include one or more of fish, shrimp, crab, snail, clam, and red worm.
4. The fishing phagostimulant of claim 1, wherein the enzymes used for enzymatic hydrolysis include one or more of pepsin, neutral protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, alkaline phosphatase, and hydroxypeptidase.
5. The fishing phagostimulant of claim 1, wherein the amphiphilic nanomicelle is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol-polylactic acid copolymer (PEG-co-PLA), polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone copolymer (PEG-co-PCL), and PEG-modified chitosan.
6. The fishing phagostimulant according to claim 1, wherein the plant-derived phagostimulant component accounts for 0.1-10 wt% of the phagostimulant.
7. A low-temperature preparation method of the fishing lure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
A) preparation of food calling component of animal origin:
crushing animal bait at a temperature lower than 30 ℃ to obtain animal bait slurry;
adding protease into the animal bait slurry, and carrying out enzymolysis at the temperature of not higher than 38 ℃ to obtain an enzymolysis product;
concentrating the enzymolysis product, and then freeze-drying to obtain a food calling component of animal origin with the water content of 1-5 wt%;
B) preparation of a plant-derived phagostimulant component:
crushing traditional Chinese medicine raw materials from plant sources, and freeze-drying to obtain plant powder with the water content of 1-5 wt%;
mixing the plant powder with an ethanol water solution, and then carrying out distillation extraction at the temperature of less than or equal to 35 ℃ to obtain an ethanol solution containing the plant-derived food calling components;
the step A) and the step B) are not limited in sequence;
C) preparing a fishing phagostimulant:
and mixing the animal-derived food calling component, the ethanol solution containing the plant-derived food calling component and the amphiphilic polymer compound, and performing ultrasonic emulsification to obtain the fishing food calling agent.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step A), the crushing method comprises:
mixing animal feed with water, and freezing to obtain ice blocks containing the animal feed;
under the condition of lower than 30 ℃, crushing and homogenizing the ice blocks containing the animal feed to obtain animal feed slurry;
the enzymolysis is carried out by adopting two or more proteases, and the two or more proteases are added simultaneously or in stages.
9. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the ethanol aqueous solution is preferably white spirit, the system air pressure of the distillation extraction is less than or equal to 5000Pa, and the system temperature of the distillation extraction is less than or equal to 35 ℃.
10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the amphiphilic polymer compound is added at a concentration of 0.3 to 5 mg/L.
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