CN102318488A

CN102318488A - High-yield cultivation technique for summer corn

Info

Publication number: CN102318488A
Application number: CN201110228772A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘秀秀
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-08-05
Filing date: 2011-08-05
Publication date: 2012-01-18

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-yield cultivation technique for summer corns and particularly introduces measures for summer corn high-yield cultivation from the aspects of purple sweet potato and summer corn seed selection, seed sowing, fertilization, field management and the like. High-yield summer corn varieties are selected. After wheat is harvested, early sowing against time is conducted. During sowing, five kilograms of diammonium phosphate and one kilogram of zinc sulfate are applied per mu land. During fertilization, seeds and fertilizers are required to be separated strictly to avoid the situation of seedling wilting. Then, water is sprayed to keep a full stand of seedlings. The seedlings are required to be thinned, complemented and fixed in time when three visible leaves grow from the corn seedlings. According to the condition of soil fertility, three times of additional fertilization are conducted at the seedling stage, the heading stage and the flowering to maturity stage of corns to ensure corn production, the corns are irrigated in time and attention is required to be paid to water drainage at a later stage. Decis, phoxim and the like are sprayed to prevent corn smut diseases, head smut, armyworms, corn borers, red spiders and the like. After the corns are ripe, the corns are required to be harvested and air-dried in time.

Description

A kind of high-yield culture technique of summer corn

Technical field

The present invention relates to field of planting, specifically from summer corn is chosen seeds, applies fertilizer, grown seedlings, the summer corn plantation has been introduced in aspects such as field management and results measures.

Background technology

Shandong is that the maximum of China's summer corn is concentrated one of producing region, and still, according to traditional planting type, summer corn average per unit area yield in this area's is also lower, and the yield potential of high-yield corn is far from bringing into play.This and favourable natural conditions are extremely inconsistent.Therefore,, carry out supporting high-yield culture technique, not only overcome the deficiency of traditional planting technology, and helped giving full play to the high yield advantage of breeding in this area in conjunction with breeding.

Summary of the invention

One, selects improved seeds for use

Because there is different requirement in different breedings to environmental conditions such as light, heat, should suit measures to local conditions to select for use breeding according to each regional actual conditions, and accomplish that the breeding good method is supporting, the yield potential of competence exertion breeding.The relatively more suitable mid-early maturity kind of selecting for use of live corn of summer is like Zheng Dan 958, elder generation's jade 335, capital list 28, Shandong single 981 etc.Select seed of the same size as far as possible for use, remove the seed and the blighted grain of moldy metamorphism.

Two, breeding is handled

(1) elite seed.Select for use grain big, full, the crossbreed seed of tool breediness is done seed, and the choosing grain is removed injured kernel, broken kernel, scab grain, mixed grain and impurity.The purity of seed is not less than 99%, and cleanliness is not less than 98%, and germination rate is not less than 90%, and water content is not less than 14%.

(2) bask seeds.Through the corn seed that sunlight shone, suction is germinateed early soon during sowing, and it is neat to emerge, and emergence rate is high, and seedling is sturdy.

(3) seed pelleting.Seed pelleting can effectively be controlled corn seedling diseases, maize head smut and soil insect, 25 jin of general 1 jin of kind clothing agent seed dressings.Generally dressed seed in 4-6 days prior to seeding, should fully stir during seed dressing, mix thoroughly, place shady and cool place then and shakeout, natural air drying makes kind of clothing agent at the outer homogeneous film that forms of corn seed.

Three, put in order ground to choosing

Choosing ground will select physical features comparatively smooth with putting in order, and soil layer is deep, loosing soil and permeability are good, and the organic and available nutrient height of topsoil is planted to nonirrigated farmland that water conservation, keeping fertility are good or gentle slope summer corn.Meticulous whole ground before broadcasting makes the soil soft loose, the drill seeding kind of having ditched again after smooth in small, broken bits.

Four, begin sowing in good time

Proper seeding is for live corn of summer, and date of seeding is more early good more, and late sowing can cause the serious underproduction.After combine is received wheat, carry out wheat stalk and pulverize early sowing when summer corn is robbed behind the harvesting wheat; The Yellow River and Huai He River Haiti district is generally sowed to early June in late May, and the amount of broadcasting is decided according to seed size, general about 5 jin; Reasonable thickness of sowing, seed level 5-6 centimetre, the depth is consistent.

Five, use sufficient base manure

During corn seed, execute 10 jin of diammonium phosphate and 2 jin of zinc sulphate for every mu to the field at seeding time, trench digging applies fertilizer earlier, again sowing.Or the mechanical planting of use ferti-seeding one.Should accomplish the good conditions for soil moisture when live, the trench digging depth is consistent as far as possible, and earthing is tight, uses sufficient base manure and seed manure.The principle of using of base manure and seed manure is: phosphorus, potash fertilizer once use sufficient, and nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 35%～40% of total fertilizing amount.Want during fertilising that strictness is accomplished kind, the fertile isolation, burn kind of a phenomenon to prevent.

Six, water and keep a full stand of seedings.

Once sowing is kept a full stand of seedings entirely, seedling is neat, seedling is strong in order to reach, and should water after broadcasting and once cover a water.

Seven, stalk cleaning.

Pile up stalk on place, the especially corn of piling up for stalk is capable, must note stalk is spread out, in order to avoid influence emerging of maize seedling.

Eight, must in time look into seedling after emerging, fill the gaps with seedlings and thinning, final singling.

The method of filling the gaps with seedlings: the one, seed was soaked 10-12 hour, race against time and reseed; The 2nd, to transplant seedlings to mend and carry, the field piece of promptly being short of seedling is filled the gaps with seedlings at corn duration to 3,4 leaf balled transplantings.In the visible timely gradation thinning of Ye Shiying of corn length to 3.Thinning should between close stay rare, stay for a short time big, a little less than stay strong, final singling when 5 visible leaves.To stay about 6% of plan density more during final singling, in field management thereafter, pull out sick and weak strain.Anti-close compact corn kind is stayed seedling 4200～4700 strain/mus, and large-spike cultivar stays seedling 3200～3700 strain/mus.

Nine, the rational application of fertilizer.

3 jin in nitrogen (N) is used by 100 jin of seeds of every production in the high-yield field, 1 jin in phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) calculates fertilizer requirement for 2 jin, and scarce zinc plot increases for every mu executes 1 jin in zinc sulphate.Seed manure before the corn jointing nitrogen fertilizer application total amount about 35% add whole phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc fertilizer, ear manuer imposes about 50% of nitrogen pool in the corn typhon mouth phase, flower granulated fertilizer imposes 15%～20% of nitrogen pool in the kernel grouting phase.When selecting for use sulfur-bearing corn slow (control) to release special-purpose fertilizer disposable applying in seedling stage.

Ten, water, drain flooded fields.

Irrigation water will meet pollution-free requirement.Corn seedling stage drought-resistance ability stronger, generally need not irrigate.But the summer, live corn was serious in arid, when influencing growth of seedling, also should in time irrigate.Water seedling stage and will control the water yield, not broad irrigation.The growthdevelopmental stage field capacity drops to below 60% and all should in time water.Corn is afraid of waterlogging, and the waterflooding time in early stage should be above 0.5 day.The waterflooding time in later stage should be above 1 day.

11, sick Chinese caterpillar fungus integrated control.

To corn smut, head smut and armyworm, corn borer, two spotted spider mite, pay special attention to strengthen control.But 1000 times of liquid of the decis with 2.5% spray tassel control of maize snout moth's larva, can prevent and treat armyworm, cotton bollworm at 1500 times of liquid of foliage spray 50% phoxim, and the corn later stage mainly receives aphid damage, should be in time with 1000 times of liquid sprayings of 40% Rogor control.

12, gather in the crops in good time.

The corn maturing stage is the flavescence of plant cauline leaf, and the fruit ear bract is withered white, and the seed milk-line disappears basically, gather in the crops the airing in time of results back when the black layer of base portion occurs.Prolific area popularization in Shandong Province's corn suits.

Technique effect

Technique effect of the present invention is, adopts technique scheme, and not only output improves more than 20% but also stature is well-balanced, full seed.

Specific embodiment

Good result is obtained through following work in 10 mu of good farmlands in the planting base:

1, selects for use Shandong single 981 for seed, bask seeds, carry out the breeding dressing.

2, meticulous whole ground makes the soil soft loose, the drill seeding kind of having ditched again after smooth in small, broken bits.

3, use the mechanical planting of ferti-seeding one, use sufficient base manure and seed manure, kind, the fertile isolation have been accomplished in strictness during fertilising, prevent and burn kind of a phenomenon.Water and keep a full stand of seedings.

4, field management.The gradation thinning is filled the gaps with seedlings to the plot that is short of seedling simultaneously when the visible leaf of corn length to 3 slice.Final singling when 5 visible leaves.

5, the extermination of disease and insect pest.Prevent and treat disease and when seedling stage, spray the maize seedling heart, anti-ly eliminate aphis, thrips, rice fulgorid etc. with 1000～1500 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion.The flower grain phase, 1000 times of liquid of the decis with 2.5% spray tassel control of maize snout moth's larva, and 1500 times of liquid controls of foliage spray 50% phoxim armyworm, cotton bollworm, the corn later stage is with 1000 times of anti-eliminating aphis of liquid spraying of 40% Rogor.

6, after the corn maturation, results, airing in time.

Claims

1. begin sowing in good time

Early sowing when summer corn is robbed behind the harvesting wheat, the amount of broadcasting is decided according to seed size, and general about 5 jin, reasonable thickness of sowing, seed level 5-6 centimetre, the depth is consistent.

2. use sufficient base manure

During corn seed, execute 10 jin of diammonium phosphate and 2 jin of zinc sulphate for every mu to the field at seeding time, trench digging applies fertilizer earlier, again sowing.Or the mechanical planting of use ferti-seeding one.The plot of fertility difference can suitably increase fertile amount.The principle of using of base manure and seed manure is: phosphorus, potash fertilizer once use sufficient, and nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for 35%～40% of total fertilizing amount.Want during fertilising that strictness is accomplished kind, the fertile isolation, burn kind of a phenomenon to prevent.

3. water, drain flooded fields

Water seedling stage and will control the water yield, not broad irrigation.The growthdevelopmental stage field capacity drops to below 60% and all should in time water.Corn is afraid of waterlogging, and the waterflooding time in early stage should be above 0.5 day.The waterflooding time in later stage should be above 1 day.

4. the rational application of fertilizer

The rational application of fertilizer plays crucial effects for corn yield increasing.Seed manure before the corn jointing nitrogen fertilizer application total amount about 35% add whole phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc fertilizer, ear manuer imposes about 50% of nitrogen pool in the corn typhon mouth phase, flower granulated fertilizer imposes 15%～20% of nitrogen pool in the kernel grouting phase.When selecting for use sulfur-bearing corn slow (control) to release special-purpose fertilizer disposable applying in seedling stage.