CN110881388A

CN110881388A - High-yield cultivation method for soybean

Info

Publication number: CN110881388A
Application number: CN201811053811.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴伟
Original assignee: Nanchong Fish Road Agriculture Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanchong Fish Road Agriculture Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-09-11
Filing date: 2018-09-11
Publication date: 2020-03-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method of soybean, comprising the steps of land selection, sowing, fertilization, field management and harvest, and is characterized in that (1) land selection is carried out, and a land growing or a land block which is used for rotation for more than 3 years is selected to plant the soybean, particularly a field block of which the previous crop is a gramineous crop is selected; and applying enough base fertilizer, mainly using organic fertilizer, matching with phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, (2) sowing, selecting seeds, mixing with molybdenum fertilizer, (3) field management, and (4) harvesting at proper time. The yield of soybeans planted by the method is 440 jin per mu and 500 jin per mu, and the soybeans are full and have good commodity.

Description

High-yield cultivation method for soybean

Technical Field

The invention relates to a crop cultivation method, in particular to a soybean high-yield cultivation method.

Background

The soybean can enhance the immune function of the body, contains rich protein and is known as 'plant meat'. If the human body lacks protein, the symptoms of immunity reduction and easy fatigue can appear. The soybean protein supplement is taken, so that the problem of cholesterol increase of the meat is avoided. The soybean contains various amino acids essential to human body, and can improve immunity. The lecithin in soybean can remove cholesterol attached to blood vessel wall, prevent angiosclerosis, prevent cardiovascular diseases, and protect heart. The lecithin in soybean also has the function of preventing excessive fat accumulation in liver, thereby effectively preventing and treating fatty liver caused by obesity. The soybean has certain effect on preventing constipation, and the soluble fiber contained in the soybean can relieve constipation and reduce the content of cholesterol. Semen glycines has effect in lowering blood sugar, and contains pancreatin inhibiting substance, and can be used for treating diabetes and inhibiting weight gain. The soybean is an important crop for both grain and oil plants in China, the low average yield per mu of the soybean in China is a bottleneck influencing the development of the soybean, and in order to develop the soybean production and improve the yield per mu of the soybean, the company explores a high-yield cultivation method for the soybean through years of practice.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-yield soybean cultivation method, which is realized by the following technical scheme and comprises the steps of land selection, sowing, fertilization, field management and harvesting

1. Selecting land, planting soybean in land or field with rotation for more than 3 years, especially selecting field with front crop of Gramineae; applying enough base fertilizer, mainly using organic fertilizer, matching with phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount accounts for 60% -70% of the total fertilizer amount of the soybeans, applying 500 kg of manure fence fertilizer per mu, 100-200 kg of fire soil ash, matching with 25-50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 5 kg of urea as the base fertilizer, applying the base fertilizer before turning the soil, and applying the fertilizer in a plough layer by turning the soil;

2. Sowing, selecting seeds, mixing with molybdenum fertilizer, mixing 1 g of ammonium molybdate with every 500 g of soybeans or spraying 50 g of 1-1.5% ammonium molybdate solution, uniformly stirring after spraying, and airing; or mixing rhizobia fertilizer, adding 2500 g of water into 200 g of bacterial powder, mixing 50 kg of seeds, airing and then sowing, wherein the spring soybeans are sown from late 3 to late 4 months, the summer soybeans are sown in the middle 5 months and the autumn soybeans are sown in the late 7 months; the seeding amount is 4-5 kg per mu;

3. field management, (1) seedling supplementing, seedling searching and supplementing, in-situ transplanting and supplementing for the plot lacking seedlings, (2) topdressing, wherein in the soybean production, topdressing for the rhizosphere needs to be carried out for 2 times; the first time is a seedling stage, 5-10 kg of urea or 10 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each mu in combination with topdressing during first intertillage, and the second time is a flowering and pod setting stage, 2.5-5 kg of urea or 500-1000 kg of human excrement is applied to each mu; (3) the fertilizer for the additional fertilizer outside the root comprises urea, ammonium molybdate, borax, potassium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate; (4) picking off core and controlling seedling, namely removing the growing point at the top end of the soybean about 2 cm before full-bloom or final bloom, (5) respectively spraying 1 time of foliar fertilization at the initial bloom stage and the full-bloom stage of the soybean: spraying boron and molybdenum fertilizers on leaf surfaces, and using 0.02% or 0.05% ammonium molybdate solution and 0.1% borax solution, wherein the liquid consumption per mu is 25 kg;

4. harvesting at proper time.

The yield of soybeans planted by the method is 440 jin per mu and 500 jin per mu, and the soybeans are full and have good commodity.

Detailed Description

Example 1, a high-yield cultivation method for soybean, comprising selecting land, sowing, fertilizing, field managing, harvesting, is performed according to the following method:

1. selecting land, planting soybean in land or field with rotation for more than 3 years, especially in field with front crop of Gramineae; applying enough base fertilizer, mainly using organic fertilizer, and matching with phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount accounts for 60% -70% of the total fertilizer amount of the soybeans, generally 500 kg of manure fence fertilizer is applied per mu, 100-200 kg of fire soil ash is applied per mu, 25-50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 5 kg of urea are matched to serve as the base fertilizer, the base fertilizer is applied before plowing, and the fertilizer is applied to a plowing layer through plowing;

2. sowing, (1) selecting seeds, and removing blighted grains, mildewed grains, diseased grains, brown specks and hybrids to improve the germination rate of the seeds; (2) mixing molybdenum fertilizer, mixing 1 g of ammonium molybdate with every 500 g of soybeans or spraying 50 g of 1-1.5% ammonium molybdate solution, uniformly stirring after spraying, and airing; (3) the rhizobium fertilizer is the key for success of rhizobium fertilizer in wastelands or soil of first-time soybean planting. In the production process, 200 g of bacterial powder is added with 2500 g of water and mixed with 50 kg of seeds, and the seeds can be sown after being dried, for example, sterile fertilizer can be prepared by mixing and sowing the bacteria-carrying soil (the soil in which soybeans are planted) and the seeds; in order to reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, 50 percent of carbendazim can be used for dressing seeds according to 0.4 percent of the weight of the seeds in the production process; (4) timely sowing, wherein the sowing of the spring soybeans is proper from 3 late months to 4 late months, from 5 middle months in summer soybeans and from 7 late months in autumn soybeans; the sowing amount is 4-5 kg per mu, 2-3 ten thousand spring soybeans, 1.2-2.5 ten thousand summer soybeans and 4 ten thousand autumn soybeans;

3. performing field management, (1) supplementing seedlings, wherein after the soybeans grow out, the seedlings are checked and supplemented in time, the field with general seedling shortage can be transplanted on the spot and supplemented, after the seedlings grow into seedlings, seedling fertilizer is applied to the supplemented seedlings, the seedling shortage is serious, the seedling supplementing is performed by adopting a nutrition pot seedling raising mode, two seeds are sowed in each pot, when two true leaves grow out from the seedlings, the seedling supplementing is performed after 17 pm in a sunny day or in a cloudy day, and root fixing water is poured; the method has good transplanting effect due to the nutrient soil; (2) topdressing, in the production of soybean, topdressing of rhizosphere must be carried out for 2 times; the first time is a seedling stage, the first topdressing is combined with the first intertillage, 5-10 kg of urea or 10 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (10-15-15) is applied to each mu, the second time is a flowering and pod-bearing stage, the plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth concurrent period is adopted, the fertilizer demand is maximum, timely fertilization has positive effects on improving the flowering rate and the pod forming rate, reducing flower and pod dropping and increasing the soybean yield, the first intertillage weeding is combined with the first intertillage, and 2.5-5 kg of urea or 500-1000 kg of human excrement is applied to each mu; (3) the fertilizer is applied to the root of soybean, and the commonly used fertilizer for applying the soybean is urea, ammonium molybdate, borax, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and the like; (4) picking off and controlling seedlings, namely picking off the growing points at the top of the soybeans by about 2 cm in the full-bloom stage or before the final bloom stage by adopting a core picking and seedling controlling technology to inhibit excessive growth, and has obvious effects of improving the maturing rate and reducing blighted grains; (5) the method for preventing soybean flower pods from falling comprises the following steps of spraying 1 foliar fertilizer in each of the initial flowering period and the full flowering period of soybeans: spraying boron and molybdenum fertilizers on leaf surfaces, using 0.02% or 0.05% ammonium molybdate solution and 0.1% borax solution, wherein the liquid consumption per mu is 25 kg, the fertilizer can directly supplement nutrition, improve the rate of flowering and pod formation, reduce flower pod shedding and improve the crop yield, and practice also proves that the yield increasing effect is more obvious by spraying 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the pod formation and seed swelling period of soybeans;

4. harvesting in due time, wherein harvesting is too early, dry matter accumulation is not completed, the weight of hundreds of grains is reduced or blighted grains appear, and the yield and the quality are influenced; pod frying occurs too late at harvest resulting in yield loss.

Claims

1. A high-yield soybean cultivation method includes selecting field, sowing, applying fertilizer, field management and harvesting, and features that the method includes such steps as choosing field, sowing, applying fertilizer, field management and harvesting

(1) Selecting land, planting soybean in land or field with rotation for more than 3 years, especially selecting field with front crop of Gramineae; applying enough base fertilizer, mainly using organic fertilizer, matching with phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount accounts for 60% -70% of the total fertilizer amount of the soybeans, applying 500 kg of manure fence fertilizer per mu, 100-200 kg of fire soil ash, matching with 25-50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 5 kg of urea as the base fertilizer, applying the base fertilizer before turning the soil, and applying the fertilizer in a plough layer by turning the soil;

(2) sowing, selecting seeds, mixing with molybdenum fertilizer, mixing 1 g of ammonium molybdate with every 500 g of soybeans or spraying 50 g of 1-1.5% ammonium molybdate solution, uniformly stirring after spraying, and airing; or mixing rhizobia fertilizer, adding 2500 g of water into 200 g of bacterial powder, mixing 50 kg of seeds, airing and then sowing, wherein the spring soybeans are sown from late 3 to late 4 months, the summer soybeans are sown in the middle 5 months and the autumn soybeans are sown in the late 7 months; the seeding amount is 4-5 kg per mu;

(3) the method comprises the following steps of field management, ① seedling supplementing, seedling checking and seedling supplementing, in-situ seedling transplanting and supplementing of a field lacking seedlings, ② topdressing, and in soybean production, topdressing needs to be carried out for 2 times at the rhizosphere, wherein in the first seedling stage, in combination with topdressing during first intertillage, 5-10 kg of urea or 10 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, in the second flowering and pod setting stage, 2.5-5 kg of urea or 500-1000 kg of human excrement is applied to each mu, ③ topdressing is applied to the outside of the root, fertilizers for the topdressing outside of the root comprise urea, ammonium molybdate, borax, potassium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate, ④ pinching and seedling control are carried out, namely, in the full-bloom stage or before final blooming, growth points at the top end of soybeans are removed by about 2 cm, ⑤ is sprayed with 0.02% or 0.05% ammonium molybdate solution and 0.1% borax solution for each mu, and the liquid consumption per mu is 25 kg;

(4) harvesting at proper time.